Fully thermally evaporated perovskite light-emitting diodes (PeLEDs) represent a promising pathway toward scalable and commercial optoelectronic applications. However, rapid crystallization and excessive precursor reactivity during deposition often result in uncontrolled grain growth and high defect densities, limiting device performance. In this work, we propose an in situ crystallization regulation strategy by incorporating benzylphosphonic acid (BPA) into thermally evaporated CsMAPbBr3 films. The phosphonic acid group in BPA coordinates with Pb2+ ions during film growth, effectively slowing down the crystallization rate, reducing the average grain size from ∼200 to ∼40 nm. Moreover, BPA enables in situ passivation of vacancy-related non-radiative recombination centers, enhancing the radiative recombination efficiency. As a result, the fully thermally evaporated PeLEDs achieve a maximum external quantum efficiency (EQEmax) of 12.68% and a peak luminance of 62,104 cd m−2. This work provides a simple yet effective approach to simultaneously regulate crystallization and passivate defects of the thermally evaporated perovskite.
完全热蒸发钙钛矿发光二极管（PeLEDs）代表了一种有前途的可扩展和商业光电应用途径。然而，在沉积过程中，快速结晶和过度的前驱体反应性往往导致晶粒生长不受控制和高缺陷密度，限制了器件的性能。在这项工作中，我们提出了一种将苯基膦酸（BPA）掺入热蒸发CsMAPbBr3薄膜的原位结晶调节策略。在膜生长过程中，BPA中的膦酸基团与Pb2+离子配合，有效减缓了结晶速率，使平均晶粒尺寸从~ 200 nm减小到~ 40 nm。此外，BPA能够原位钝化空缺相关的非辐射重组中心，提高辐射重组效率。结果表明，完全热蒸发peled的最大外量子效率（EQEmax）为12.68%，峰值亮度为62,104 cd m−2。本研究提供了一种简单而有效的方法来同时调节热蒸发钙钛矿的结晶和钝化缺陷。
{"title":"Boosting Efficiency of Fully Thermally Evaporated PeLEDs via Benzylphosphonic Acid-Induced In Situ Crystallization Control and Defect Passivation","authors":"Na Meng, Yajing Li, Yu Zhang, Junhao Liu, Ziqiang Wang, Xiaorong Shi, Yutian Xu, Yuanhao Cui, Xinwu Ke, Zhelu Hu, Lingfeng Chao, Kui Xu, Yingdong Xia, Qingxun Guo, Xue Min, Yonghua Chen","doi":"10.1002/lpor.202502292","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/lpor.202502292","url":null,"abstract":"Fully thermally evaporated perovskite light-emitting diodes (PeLEDs) represent a promising pathway toward scalable and commercial optoelectronic applications. However, rapid crystallization and excessive precursor reactivity during deposition often result in uncontrolled grain growth and high defect densities, limiting device performance. In this work, we propose an in situ crystallization regulation strategy by incorporating benzylphosphonic acid (BPA) into thermally evaporated CsMAPbBr<sub>3</sub> films. The phosphonic acid group in BPA coordinates with Pb<sup>2+</sup> ions during film growth, effectively slowing down the crystallization rate, reducing the average grain size from ∼200 to ∼40 nm. Moreover, BPA enables in situ passivation of vacancy-related non-radiative recombination centers, enhancing the radiative recombination efficiency. As a result, the fully thermally evaporated PeLEDs achieve a maximum external quantum efficiency (EQE<sub>max</sub>) of 12.68% and a peak luminance of 62,104 cd m<sup>−2</sup>. This work provides a simple yet effective approach to simultaneously regulate crystallization and passivate defects of the thermally evaporated perovskite.","PeriodicalId":204,"journal":{"name":"Laser & Photonics Reviews","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":11.0,"publicationDate":"2025-11-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145583606","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Jingru Wang, Yang Li, Yongchao Huang, Jiaxin Yang, Feng Song
Dynamic room‐temperature phosphorescence (RTP) and physical unclonable function (PUF) represent promising anti‐counterfeiting approaches. However, significant challenges remain in achieving their synergistic integration within a single‐material system while maximizing the respective advantages of both functionalities. In this study, a time‐dependent phosphorescent color‐tuning platform based on flexible protein film is proposed, and the dynamic reconstruction of optical patterns in a single material system is realized by spatially selective dual‐emitter (1‐pyrenecarboxylic acid and lanthanide‐organic framework) doping for the first time. Specifically, the film exhibits a dual‐mode response of excitation wavelength selection, enabling rapid shape and color switching between two emitter‐dominated emission patterns, accompanied by progressive phosphorescent chromatic evolution from red → orange → yellow → green. In addition, through a controlled randomness strategy of coordinated control of solvent ratio and temperature substantially, the uncertainty aggregation in the protein self‐assembly process is adjusted into batch consistency, which significantly enhances label robustness and production yield. The synergistic integration of wavelength‐dependent dynamic responses and intrinsic physical unclonability establishes a new paradigm for high‐security anti‐counterfeiting, featuring unpredictability and multidimensional dynamic authentication.
{"title":"Wavelength‐Gated Spatiotemporal Phosphorescent Reconfiguration with Protein Aggregation‐Enabled Unclonability","authors":"Jingru Wang, Yang Li, Yongchao Huang, Jiaxin Yang, Feng Song","doi":"10.1002/lpor.202502126","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/lpor.202502126","url":null,"abstract":"Dynamic room‐temperature phosphorescence (RTP) and physical unclonable function (PUF) represent promising anti‐counterfeiting approaches. However, significant challenges remain in achieving their synergistic integration within a single‐material system while maximizing the respective advantages of both functionalities. In this study, a time‐dependent phosphorescent color‐tuning platform based on flexible protein film is proposed, and the dynamic reconstruction of optical patterns in a single material system is realized by spatially selective dual‐emitter (1‐pyrenecarboxylic acid and lanthanide‐organic framework) doping for the first time. Specifically, the film exhibits a dual‐mode response of excitation wavelength selection, enabling rapid shape and color switching between two emitter‐dominated emission patterns, accompanied by progressive phosphorescent chromatic evolution from red → orange → yellow → green. In addition, through a controlled randomness strategy of coordinated control of solvent ratio and temperature substantially, the uncertainty aggregation in the protein self‐assembly process is adjusted into batch consistency, which significantly enhances label robustness and production yield. The synergistic integration of wavelength‐dependent dynamic responses and intrinsic physical unclonability establishes a new paradigm for high‐security anti‐counterfeiting, featuring unpredictability and multidimensional dynamic authentication.","PeriodicalId":204,"journal":{"name":"Laser & Photonics Reviews","volume":"191 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":11.0,"publicationDate":"2025-11-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145582902","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Tamm plasmon polaritons (TPPs) have garnered increasing attention across various fields, particularly in sensing, owing to their advantageous properties such as flexible tunability, extremely narrow linewidth, straightforward fabrication of excitation structures, and the ability to be directly excited by light sources without additional instrumentation. This manuscript provides a comprehensive review of the excitation mechanisms and sensing applications of TPPs. It begins by introducing the fundamental principles, excitation mechanisms, and applications of TPPs across various fields and then provides a detailed discussion on the design and practical applications of TPP-based sensors. The review also covers recent advances in TPP-based optical fiber sensors and offers perspectives on future developments. Special emphasis is placed on the excitation conditions of TPPs, the structural design of distributed Bragg reflectors (DBRs), and the detailed configuration of TPP sensors, with the aim of offering valuable insights and references for future research in this field.
{"title":"Tamm Plasmon Polaritons: Principle, Excitation, and Sensing Applications","authors":"Rui-jie Tong, Rui-zhe Zhang, Peng-chong Yuan, Shu-yu Li, Li-jia Liu, Yong Zhao","doi":"10.1002/lpor.202502507","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/lpor.202502507","url":null,"abstract":"Tamm plasmon polaritons (TPPs) have garnered increasing attention across various fields, particularly in sensing, owing to their advantageous properties such as flexible tunability, extremely narrow linewidth, straightforward fabrication of excitation structures, and the ability to be directly excited by light sources without additional instrumentation. This manuscript provides a comprehensive review of the excitation mechanisms and sensing applications of TPPs. It begins by introducing the fundamental principles, excitation mechanisms, and applications of TPPs across various fields and then provides a detailed discussion on the design and practical applications of TPP-based sensors. The review also covers recent advances in TPP-based optical fiber sensors and offers perspectives on future developments. Special emphasis is placed on the excitation conditions of TPPs, the structural design of distributed Bragg reflectors (DBRs), and the detailed configuration of TPP sensors, with the aim of offering valuable insights and references for future research in this field.","PeriodicalId":204,"journal":{"name":"Laser & Photonics Reviews","volume":"14 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":11.0,"publicationDate":"2025-11-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145583605","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Can Huang, Yuetian Jia, Min Li, Yuan Fang, Aiwen Wu, Hongsheng Chen, Chao Qian
Recent advancements in machine learning have emerged as a transformative force to revolutionize the way of designing metasurfaces and accelerating plenty of adaptive applications in sensing, displaying, imaging, and cloaking. However, the established intelligent design agents typically work for a fixed scenario, and the associated transfer learning techniques mostly lack robust and interpretable knowledge migration. Here, we propose an attention‐guided transfer learning framework that enables adaptive cross‐frequency knowledge transfer for robust broadband metasurface inverse design. The core of attention‐guided transfer learning lies in a physics‐informed attention mechanism that evaluates source‐frequency knowledge for a target frequency, selectively emphasizing generalizable knowledge while suppressing source‐specific effects to ensure effective‐only knowledge migration. Comparative results across 5–10 GHz band demonstrate that the attention‐guided transfer learning achieves over 10% prediction accuracy enhancement compared to conventional methods, while reducing the data requirements by 20%. Moreover, visual analyses confirm the model's physical intuition, with its focus shifting from global patterns at lower frequencies to local details at higher frequencies, mirroring wavelength‐dependent electromagnetic behavior. Our work opens a new avenue for robust cross‐scenario metasurface design by leveraging selective knowledge transfer to enhance the adaptability of intelligent electromagnetic systems.
{"title":"Attention‐Guided Transfer Learning for Robust Cross‐Frequency Metasurfaces Design","authors":"Can Huang, Yuetian Jia, Min Li, Yuan Fang, Aiwen Wu, Hongsheng Chen, Chao Qian","doi":"10.1002/lpor.202502298","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/lpor.202502298","url":null,"abstract":"Recent advancements in machine learning have emerged as a transformative force to revolutionize the way of designing metasurfaces and accelerating plenty of adaptive applications in sensing, displaying, imaging, and cloaking. However, the established intelligent design agents typically work for a fixed scenario, and the associated transfer learning techniques mostly lack robust and interpretable knowledge migration. Here, we propose an attention‐guided transfer learning framework that enables adaptive cross‐frequency knowledge transfer for robust broadband metasurface inverse design. The core of attention‐guided transfer learning lies in a physics‐informed attention mechanism that evaluates source‐frequency knowledge for a target frequency, selectively emphasizing generalizable knowledge while suppressing source‐specific effects to ensure effective‐only knowledge migration. Comparative results across 5–10 GHz band demonstrate that the attention‐guided transfer learning achieves over 10% prediction accuracy enhancement compared to conventional methods, while reducing the data requirements by 20%. Moreover, visual analyses confirm the model's physical intuition, with its focus shifting from global patterns at lower frequencies to local details at higher frequencies, mirroring wavelength‐dependent electromagnetic behavior. Our work opens a new avenue for robust cross‐scenario metasurface design by leveraging selective knowledge transfer to enhance the adaptability of intelligent electromagnetic systems.","PeriodicalId":204,"journal":{"name":"Laser & Photonics Reviews","volume":"191 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":11.0,"publicationDate":"2025-11-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145593414","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Dajing Wang, Tiange Zhang, Jinlong Shi, Yao Wang, Baolei Liu, Lei Ding, Chaohao Chen, Wenchao Zhang, Jiachen Zheng, Jialin Chen, Ziqi Li, Renren Deng, Xuchen Shan, Fan Wang
Optically intracellular manipulation and sensing, both in vivo and in vitro, face fundamental challenges due to spatially varying aberrations arising from refractive index heterogeneity and dynamic organelle motion. Achieving high-speed laser field optimization to correct aberrations is essential but remains challenging. Here, we develop a particle swarm optimized optical tweezers (PSOOT) employing a multimodal synergistic strategy to enhance both the speed and performance of trapping beam optimization. Leveraging fluorescence feedback to dynamically and simultaneously modulate Zernike aberration modes enables faster convergence to the target intensity levels through multimodal coordination. In numerical simulation, this strategy can find the potential solutions at a speed more than four times faster than the traditional scanning method. Experimentally, PSOOT achieves an order-of-magnitude enhancement in trap stiffness for 1 µm spheres, increasing kx from 0.30 to 3.36 pN/µm/mW and for 110 nm particles in aqueous solution, from 0.11 to 0.34 pN/µm/mW, approaching the theoretical limit for such trapped objects. The optimized optical trap enables the stable trapping and optical-driven manipulation of a single lipid droplet in living HeLa cells. Furthermore, the spatial intracellular heterogeneity of aberrations is quantitatively investigated. The methodology establishes a new paradigm for closed-loop optical tweezers in biological environments, which may advance the mechanobiology studies, such as intracellular targeted delivery and cellular surgery.
{"title":"Intracellular Manipulation by Particle Swarm Optimized Optical Tweezers","authors":"Dajing Wang, Tiange Zhang, Jinlong Shi, Yao Wang, Baolei Liu, Lei Ding, Chaohao Chen, Wenchao Zhang, Jiachen Zheng, Jialin Chen, Ziqi Li, Renren Deng, Xuchen Shan, Fan Wang","doi":"10.1002/lpor.202502473","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/lpor.202502473","url":null,"abstract":"Optically intracellular manipulation and sensing, both in vivo and in vitro, face fundamental challenges due to spatially varying aberrations arising from refractive index heterogeneity and dynamic organelle motion. Achieving high-speed laser field optimization to correct aberrations is essential but remains challenging. Here, we develop a particle swarm optimized optical tweezers (PSOOT) employing a multimodal synergistic strategy to enhance both the speed and performance of trapping beam optimization. Leveraging fluorescence feedback to dynamically and simultaneously modulate Zernike aberration modes enables faster convergence to the target intensity levels through multimodal coordination. In numerical simulation, this strategy can find the potential solutions at a speed more than four times faster than the traditional scanning method. Experimentally, PSOOT achieves an order-of-magnitude enhancement in trap stiffness for 1 µm spheres, increasing k<sub>x</sub> from 0.30 to 3.36 pN/µm/mW and for 110 nm particles in aqueous solution, from 0.11 to 0.34 pN/µm/mW, approaching the theoretical limit for such trapped objects. The optimized optical trap enables the stable trapping and optical-driven manipulation of a single lipid droplet in living HeLa cells. Furthermore, the spatial intracellular heterogeneity of aberrations is quantitatively investigated. The methodology establishes a new paradigm for closed-loop optical tweezers in biological environments, which may advance the mechanobiology studies, such as intracellular targeted delivery and cellular surgery.","PeriodicalId":204,"journal":{"name":"Laser & Photonics Reviews","volume":"1206 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":11.0,"publicationDate":"2025-11-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145583608","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Hybrid organic–inorganic perovskites have emerged as promising gain media for coherent light sources, yet defect-mediated losses and phase instability limit their practical applications. Here, we synergistically integrate triple-cation compositional engineering (Cs0.05FA0.85MA0.1PbI3) with piperazine hydroiodide (PI) bifunctional molecular passivation to achieve ultralow-threshold near-infrared amplified spontaneous emission (ASE). Structural analyses reveal that this dual strategy suppresses PbI2 impurities, enlarges grain sizes, and reduces surface roughness. Optical characterization demonstrates photoluminescence enhancement and reduced Urbach energy, confirming effective defect passivation. Under 532 nm excitation, PI-treated film exhibits a record-low ASE threshold of 1.05 µJ cm−2. Besides, a 1.7-fold higher net gain (143.8 cm−1) and 65.8% reduced optical loss (1.15 cm−1) are also observed compared with the Control film. Furthermore, femtosecond transient spectroscopy results indicate prolonged optical gain lifetimes (762 ps vs. 468 ps). Power-dependent time-resolved photoluminescence analysis shows that PI-treated perovskite films exhibit a lower trap-assisted monomolecular recombination constant and an increased bimolecular recombination constant, which is responsible for the enhancement of its radiative recombination efficiency and thereby the significantly positive role in promoting ASE. Meanwhile, the passivated triple-cation perovskite films can maintain an ultra-stable ASE output. This work establishes an effective strategy for designing high-performance perovskite lasers through synergistic compositional and interfacial optimization.
杂化有机-无机钙钛矿已成为相干光源的有前途的增益介质，但缺陷介导的损失和相不稳定性限制了它们的实际应用。本研究将三阳离子组成工程（Cs0.05FA0.85MA0.1PbI3）与氢碘哌嗪（PI）双功能分子钝化协同集成，实现超低阈值近红外放大自发发射（ASE）。结构分析表明，这种双重策略抑制了PbI2杂质，增大了晶粒尺寸，降低了表面粗糙度。光学表征显示光致发光增强和厄巴赫能量降低，证实有效的缺陷钝化。在532 nm激发下，pi处理膜的ASE阈值为1.05µJ cm−2，创历史新低。此外，与对照膜相比，净增益（143.8 cm−1）提高了1.7倍，光学损耗（1.15 cm−1）降低了65.8%。此外，飞秒瞬态光谱结果表明延长了光学增益寿命（762 ps vs. 468 ps）。功率依赖的时间分辨光致发光分析表明，pi处理后的钙钛矿薄膜具有较低的陷阱辅助单分子重组常数和较高的双分子重组常数，这是其辐射重组效率增强的原因，从而对ASE有显著的积极促进作用。同时，钝化的三阳离子钙钛矿膜可以保持超稳定的ASE输出。本工作建立了一种通过协同成分和界面优化设计高性能钙钛矿激光器的有效策略。
{"title":"Combining Triple-Cation Engineering and Bifunctional Molecular Passivation Enables Ultralow Threshold Near-Infrared Amplified Spontaneous Emission in Perovskite Films","authors":"Jin-Lin Liu, Chen-Zhe Xu, Ling-Feng Peng, Fan Dang, Xiao-Huan Lin, Xian-Shao Zou, Bing-Wei Wei, Jia-Wei Huang, Wei-Qiang Chen, Wei Zhang, Ning-Jiu Zhao","doi":"10.1002/lpor.202501904","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/lpor.202501904","url":null,"abstract":"Hybrid organic–inorganic perovskites have emerged as promising gain media for coherent light sources, yet defect-mediated losses and phase instability limit their practical applications. Here, we synergistically integrate triple-cation compositional engineering (Cs<sub>0.05</sub>FA<sub>0.85</sub>MA<sub>0.1</sub>PbI<sub>3</sub>) with piperazine hydroiodide (PI) bifunctional molecular passivation to achieve ultralow-threshold near-infrared amplified spontaneous emission (ASE). Structural analyses reveal that this dual strategy suppresses PbI<sub>2</sub> impurities, enlarges grain sizes, and reduces surface roughness. Optical characterization demonstrates photoluminescence enhancement and reduced Urbach energy, confirming effective defect passivation. Under 532 nm excitation, PI-treated film exhibits a record-low ASE threshold of 1.05 µJ cm<sup>−2</sup>. Besides, a 1.7-fold higher net gain (143.8 cm<sup>−1</sup>) and 65.8% reduced optical loss (1.15 cm<sup>−1</sup>) are also observed compared with the Control film. Furthermore, femtosecond transient spectroscopy results indicate prolonged optical gain lifetimes (762 ps vs. 468 ps). Power-dependent time-resolved photoluminescence analysis shows that PI-treated perovskite films exhibit a lower trap-assisted monomolecular recombination constant and an increased bimolecular recombination constant, which is responsible for the enhancement of its radiative recombination efficiency and thereby the significantly positive role in promoting ASE. Meanwhile, the passivated triple-cation perovskite films can maintain an ultra-stable ASE output. This work establishes an effective strategy for designing high-performance perovskite lasers through synergistic compositional and interfacial optimization.","PeriodicalId":204,"journal":{"name":"Laser & Photonics Reviews","volume":"39 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":11.0,"publicationDate":"2025-11-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145583609","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Zi-Ting Liu, Yu-Hao Lei, Xiao-Hang Zhao, Xin Zhang, Hao Yuan, Chun-Qi Jin, Ke-Mi Xu, Qi-Dai Chen, Xue-Qing Liu, Lei Wang
Optical vortex beams, carrying orbital angular momentum (OAM), are of great interest for applications in optical communications, particle manipulation, and quantum information processing. However, achieving high-efficiency generation and manipulation of vortex beams with a single compact element, particularly in the visible range, remains challenging. Here, we demonstrate laser-written geometric phase fork gratings in silica glass that enable simultaneous generation and propagation control of vortex beams with an efficiency up to 98.4% at 515 nm. By tailoring the phase-gradient period and topological charge (l = 1–100), we achieve tunable control over the vortex beam's topological charge, diameter, and diffraction position. The fabricated gratings maintain high efficiency across a broad spectral range from 450 to 690 nm. Furthermore, we demonstrate spin–orbit coupling between incident vortices and fork gratings, verifying that the output OAM values follow the expected addition rule lout = lin ± lfork. In addition, the fork gratings exhibit excellent thermal stability (up to 800°C) and optical damage threshold (close to pristine silica glass). These results establish nanopore-based geometric-phase fork gratings as a scalable, broadband, high-performance platform with outstanding thermal and optical tolerance for next-generation OAM photonics.
{"title":"High-Efficiency Generation and Manipulation of Optical Vortex by Geometric Phase Fork Gratings with High Thermal Stability and Damage Threshold","authors":"Zi-Ting Liu, Yu-Hao Lei, Xiao-Hang Zhao, Xin Zhang, Hao Yuan, Chun-Qi Jin, Ke-Mi Xu, Qi-Dai Chen, Xue-Qing Liu, Lei Wang","doi":"10.1002/lpor.202502265","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/lpor.202502265","url":null,"abstract":"Optical vortex beams, carrying orbital angular momentum (OAM), are of great interest for applications in optical communications, particle manipulation, and quantum information processing. However, achieving high-efficiency generation and manipulation of vortex beams with a single compact element, particularly in the visible range, remains challenging. Here, we demonstrate laser-written geometric phase fork gratings in silica glass that enable simultaneous generation and propagation control of vortex beams with an efficiency up to 98.4% at 515 nm. By tailoring the phase-gradient period and topological charge (<i>l</i> = 1–100), we achieve tunable control over the vortex beam's topological charge, diameter, and diffraction position. The fabricated gratings maintain high efficiency across a broad spectral range from 450 to 690 nm. Furthermore, we demonstrate spin–orbit coupling between incident vortices and fork gratings, verifying that the output OAM values follow the expected addition rule <i>l<sub>out</sub></i> = <i>l<sub>in</sub></i> ± <i>l<sub>fork</sub></i>. In addition, the fork gratings exhibit excellent thermal stability (up to 800°C) and optical damage threshold (close to pristine silica glass). These results establish nanopore-based geometric-phase fork gratings as a scalable, broadband, high-performance platform with outstanding thermal and optical tolerance for next-generation OAM photonics.","PeriodicalId":204,"journal":{"name":"Laser & Photonics Reviews","volume":"83 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":11.0,"publicationDate":"2025-11-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145583607","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Suzhen Wu, Quanwang Niu, Xiyuan Chen, Xiangfu Wang
In the domains of information security and intelligent sensing, optical encoding technology, as an emerging information security measure, demonstrates immense application potential due to its multi‐dimensional information loading capability, rapid processing speed, and robust anti‐interference properties. However, traditional static optical encoding has revealed inherent limitations when addressing emerging application scenarios. Therefore, developing intelligent encoding systems capable of dynamically responding to multiple external stimuli while enabling controllable, reversible changes and reconstruction of optical signals has become a frontier research focus and key breakthrough area. Such systems can fulfill the demands of high‐security anti‐counterfeiting, real‐time environmental sensing, and adaptive information storage and display. This paper provides a systematic review of the latest research advances in dynamically stimulus‐responsive optical encoding technologies. It offers an in‐depth analysis of the classification and principles of electroluminescent, photoluminescent, mechanoluminescent, and thermoluminescent encoding, alongside progress in multimodal encoding approaches across four dimensions: time, wavelength, space, and polarization. Furthermore, the paper introduces innovative applications of dynamic stimulus‐responsive optical encoding in fields such as information storage, biosensing, and anti‐counterfeiting encryption. Finally, it explores the primary technical bottlenecks and challenges currently faced, aiming to chart a course for the future development of high‐performance, practical, intelligent dynamic optical encoding systems.
{"title":"Dynamic Stimulus‐Responsive Optical Encoding: Principles, Methods, and Multidimensional Applications","authors":"Suzhen Wu, Quanwang Niu, Xiyuan Chen, Xiangfu Wang","doi":"10.1002/lpor.202502561","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/lpor.202502561","url":null,"abstract":"In the domains of information security and intelligent sensing, optical encoding technology, as an emerging information security measure, demonstrates immense application potential due to its multi‐dimensional information loading capability, rapid processing speed, and robust anti‐interference properties. However, traditional static optical encoding has revealed inherent limitations when addressing emerging application scenarios. Therefore, developing intelligent encoding systems capable of dynamically responding to multiple external stimuli while enabling controllable, reversible changes and reconstruction of optical signals has become a frontier research focus and key breakthrough area. Such systems can fulfill the demands of high‐security anti‐counterfeiting, real‐time environmental sensing, and adaptive information storage and display. This paper provides a systematic review of the latest research advances in dynamically stimulus‐responsive optical encoding technologies. It offers an in‐depth analysis of the classification and principles of electroluminescent, photoluminescent, mechanoluminescent, and thermoluminescent encoding, alongside progress in multimodal encoding approaches across four dimensions: time, wavelength, space, and polarization. Furthermore, the paper introduces innovative applications of dynamic stimulus‐responsive optical encoding in fields such as information storage, biosensing, and anti‐counterfeiting encryption. Finally, it explores the primary technical bottlenecks and challenges currently faced, aiming to chart a course for the future development of high‐performance, practical, intelligent dynamic optical encoding systems.","PeriodicalId":204,"journal":{"name":"Laser & Photonics Reviews","volume":"16 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":11.0,"publicationDate":"2025-11-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145582900","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Precise control of microstructure topology is fundamental in the fields of photonic materials, optical sensing, microfabrication, and biomanufacturing, where tailored particle arrangements are essential for optimizing functional properties and enabling advanced applications. However, conventional self‐assembly methods often lack tunability and dynamic control over topological configurations. Here, we present an optical approach that leverages optoelectronic traps to guide the self‐assembly of microspheres into distinct topological arrangements. Our experiments reveal that microspheres self‐assemble into structured dipolar arrays and polygonal lattices with configurations determined by the co‐influence of dielectrophoretic (DEP) forces and interparticle interactions. Notably, these assemblies exhibit self‐restoration properties, allowing disrupted structures to recover their original topological configurations due to the restoring DEP forces. Numerical simulations reveal that the topological arrangements emerge from a balance between DEP‐induced attraction and electrostatic repulsion, modulated by the geometry of the optoelectronic potential well. Furthermore, by tailoring the shape of the light pattern, the system enables dynamic topological transformations, allowing controlled deformations or phase transitions in the micro‐assembly. To further demonstrate the generality and cross‐domain applicability of this strategy, we extended it to biological systems using yeast cells as a model, which also exhibited robust and ordered topological self‐assembly behaviors. This study provides a novel framework for designing and assembling programmable and resilient topological microstructures with potential applications in advanced micro‐fabrication, micro‐assembly and beyond.
{"title":"Tuning Self‐Assembled Topological Dipoles in Optoelectronic Traps","authors":"Bingrui Xu, Ziang Ma, Rongxin Fu, Wenbo Dong, Gong Li, Zonghao Li, Fan Yang, Xiaorong Hong, Hainan Xie, Chao Huang, Yaxin Huang, Xueqiang Zhang, Hang Li, Jiafang Li, Huikai Xie, Jinyao Tang, Shuailong Zhang","doi":"10.1002/lpor.202501697","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/lpor.202501697","url":null,"abstract":"Precise control of microstructure topology is fundamental in the fields of photonic materials, optical sensing, microfabrication, and biomanufacturing, where tailored particle arrangements are essential for optimizing functional properties and enabling advanced applications. However, conventional self‐assembly methods often lack tunability and dynamic control over topological configurations. Here, we present an optical approach that leverages optoelectronic traps to guide the self‐assembly of microspheres into distinct topological arrangements. Our experiments reveal that microspheres self‐assemble into structured dipolar arrays and polygonal lattices with configurations determined by the co‐influence of dielectrophoretic (DEP) forces and interparticle interactions. Notably, these assemblies exhibit self‐restoration properties, allowing disrupted structures to recover their original topological configurations due to the restoring DEP forces. Numerical simulations reveal that the topological arrangements emerge from a balance between DEP‐induced attraction and electrostatic repulsion, modulated by the geometry of the optoelectronic potential well. Furthermore, by tailoring the shape of the light pattern, the system enables dynamic topological transformations, allowing controlled deformations or phase transitions in the micro‐assembly. To further demonstrate the generality and cross‐domain applicability of this strategy, we extended it to biological systems using yeast cells as a model, which also exhibited robust and ordered topological self‐assembly behaviors. This study provides a novel framework for designing and assembling programmable and resilient topological microstructures with potential applications in advanced micro‐fabrication, micro‐assembly and beyond.","PeriodicalId":204,"journal":{"name":"Laser & Photonics Reviews","volume":"38 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":11.0,"publicationDate":"2025-11-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145582901","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Yi Zheng, Haoyang Tan, Andreas Jacobsen, Yang Liu, Chaochao Ye, Yanjing Zhao, Cheng Xiang, Kresten Yvind, Minhao Pu
Silicon nitride (SiN) has emerged as a promising platform for integrated nonlinear photonics because of its low propagation loss, wide transparency window, and CMOS compatibility. Nonlinear processes arising from photon‐electron interactions, such as Kerr frequency comb generation and second harmonic generation, have been extensively explored. In contrast, photon‐phonon interaction‐based nonlinearities, such as stimulated Raman scattering, remain largely unexplored in this integrated platform, despite their potential for broadband frequency conversion. Here, we demonstrate efficient Raman lasing in ultra‐high‐ SiN microresonators by harnessing the strong intracavity field enhancement and engineering the optical mode to overlap with the Raman‐active silica cladding. Through dispersion engineering and waveguide geometry optimization, we suppress competing Kerr nonlinearities while enhancing Raman gain, achieving lasing with sub‐2 thresholds. We further investigate the trade‐off between optical confinement and quality factor, revealing its impact on the overall nonlinear efficiency. Moreover, we also demonstrate broadband tunability of the Raman shift exceeding 120 , enabled by the wide Raman gain spectrum of silica, offering new flexibility in designing integrated tunable Raman lasers. These results position SiN as a viable platform for chip‐scale Raman lasers, expanding the nonlinear optics toolbox of the SiN platform and enabling compact, power‐efficient light sources for applications in spectroscopy, optical communications, and quantum photonics.
{"title":"Silicon Nitride Microresonator Raman Lasers","authors":"Yi Zheng, Haoyang Tan, Andreas Jacobsen, Yang Liu, Chaochao Ye, Yanjing Zhao, Cheng Xiang, Kresten Yvind, Minhao Pu","doi":"10.1002/lpor.202502237","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/lpor.202502237","url":null,"abstract":"Silicon nitride (SiN) has emerged as a promising platform for integrated nonlinear photonics because of its low propagation loss, wide transparency window, and CMOS compatibility. Nonlinear processes arising from photon‐electron interactions, such as Kerr frequency comb generation and second harmonic generation, have been extensively explored. In contrast, photon‐phonon interaction‐based nonlinearities, such as stimulated Raman scattering, remain largely unexplored in this integrated platform, despite their potential for broadband frequency conversion. Here, we demonstrate efficient Raman lasing in ultra‐high‐ SiN microresonators by harnessing the strong intracavity field enhancement and engineering the optical mode to overlap with the Raman‐active silica cladding. Through dispersion engineering and waveguide geometry optimization, we suppress competing Kerr nonlinearities while enhancing Raman gain, achieving lasing with sub‐2 thresholds. We further investigate the trade‐off between optical confinement and quality factor, revealing its impact on the overall nonlinear efficiency. Moreover, we also demonstrate broadband tunability of the Raman shift exceeding 120 , enabled by the wide Raman gain spectrum of silica, offering new flexibility in designing integrated tunable Raman lasers. These results position SiN as a viable platform for chip‐scale Raman lasers, expanding the nonlinear optics toolbox of the SiN platform and enabling compact, power‐efficient light sources for applications in spectroscopy, optical communications, and quantum photonics.","PeriodicalId":204,"journal":{"name":"Laser & Photonics Reviews","volume":"187 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":11.0,"publicationDate":"2025-11-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145582903","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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