Amogh Raju, Divya Hungund, Dan Krueger, Zuoming Dong, Zarko Sakotic, Agham B. Posadas, Alexander A. Demkov, Daniel Wasserman
The extremely large nonlinear optical response and CMOS compatibility of barium titanate make it particularly appealing for high-density, wide-bandwidth, and reduced power consumption optical components and devices for chip-scale photonics applications. However, without a dramatic reduction in material loss, barium titanate is unlikely to be a competitive alternative to existing nonlinear materials used in integrated photonics. This work investigates loss mechanisms in monolithic photonic structures fabricated from barium titanate grown epitaxially by RF-sputtering on silicon-on-insulator substrates. Barium titanate waveguide loss is investigated using three photonic architectures, and straight waveguide loss of less than <span data-altimg="/cms/asset/6bd30242-97c6-4cc2-91e9-19d3ea4447e9/lpor202402086-math-0001.png"></span><mjx-container ctxtmenu_counter="2" ctxtmenu_oldtabindex="1" jax="CHTML" role="application" sre-explorer- style="font-size: 103%; position: relative;" tabindex="0"><mjx-math aria-hidden="true" location="graphic/lpor202402086-math-0001.png"><mjx-semantics><mjx-mrow data-semantic-annotation="clearspeak:unit" data-semantic-children="0,2,7" data-semantic-content="8,9" data-semantic- data-semantic-role="implicit" data-semantic-speech="0.15 d upper B c m Superscript negative 1" data-semantic-type="infixop"><mjx-mn data-semantic-annotation="clearspeak:simple" data-semantic-font="normal" data-semantic- data-semantic-parent="10" data-semantic-role="float" data-semantic-type="number"><mjx-c></mjx-c><mjx-c></mjx-c><mjx-c></mjx-c><mjx-c></mjx-c></mjx-mn><mjx-mspace data-semantic- data-semantic-operator="infixop," data-semantic-parent="10" data-semantic-role="space" data-semantic-type="operator" style="width: 0.16em;"></mjx-mspace><mjx-mi data-semantic-font="normal" data-semantic- data-semantic-parent="10" data-semantic-role="unknown" data-semantic-type="identifier"><mjx-c></mjx-c><mjx-c></mjx-c></mjx-mi><mjx-mo data-semantic-added="true" data-semantic- data-semantic-operator="infixop," data-semantic-parent="10" data-semantic-role="multiplication" data-semantic-type="operator" style="margin-left: 0.056em; margin-right: 0.056em;"><mjx-c></mjx-c></mjx-mo><mjx-msup data-semantic-children="3,6" data-semantic- data-semantic-parent="10" data-semantic-role="unknown" data-semantic-type="superscript"><mjx-mi data-semantic-font="normal" data-semantic- data-semantic-parent="7" data-semantic-role="unknown" data-semantic-type="identifier"><mjx-c></mjx-c><mjx-c></mjx-c></mjx-mi><mjx-script style="vertical-align: 0.363em;"><mjx-mrow data-semantic-annotation="clearspeak:simple" data-semantic-children="5" data-semantic-content="4" data-semantic- data-semantic-parent="7" data-semantic-role="negative" data-semantic-type="prefixop" size="s"><mjx-mo data-semantic- data-semantic-operator="prefixop,−" data-semantic-parent="6" data-semantic-role="subtraction" data-semantic-type="operator" rspace="1"><mjx-c></mjx-c></mjx-mo><mjx-mn data-semantic-annotation="clear
{"title":"High-Q Monolithic Ring Resonators in Low-Loss Barium Titanate on Silicon","authors":"Amogh Raju, Divya Hungund, Dan Krueger, Zuoming Dong, Zarko Sakotic, Agham B. Posadas, Alexander A. Demkov, Daniel Wasserman","doi":"10.1002/lpor.202402086","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/lpor.202402086","url":null,"abstract":"The extremely large nonlinear optical response and CMOS compatibility of barium titanate make it particularly appealing for high-density, wide-bandwidth, and reduced power consumption optical components and devices for chip-scale photonics applications. However, without a dramatic reduction in material loss, barium titanate is unlikely to be a competitive alternative to existing nonlinear materials used in integrated photonics. This work investigates loss mechanisms in monolithic photonic structures fabricated from barium titanate grown epitaxially by RF-sputtering on silicon-on-insulator substrates. Barium titanate waveguide loss is investigated using three photonic architectures, and straight waveguide loss of less than <span data-altimg=\"/cms/asset/6bd30242-97c6-4cc2-91e9-19d3ea4447e9/lpor202402086-math-0001.png\"></span><mjx-container ctxtmenu_counter=\"2\" ctxtmenu_oldtabindex=\"1\" jax=\"CHTML\" role=\"application\" sre-explorer- style=\"font-size: 103%; position: relative;\" tabindex=\"0\"><mjx-math aria-hidden=\"true\" location=\"graphic/lpor202402086-math-0001.png\"><mjx-semantics><mjx-mrow data-semantic-annotation=\"clearspeak:unit\" data-semantic-children=\"0,2,7\" data-semantic-content=\"8,9\" data-semantic- data-semantic-role=\"implicit\" data-semantic-speech=\"0.15 d upper B c m Superscript negative 1\" data-semantic-type=\"infixop\"><mjx-mn data-semantic-annotation=\"clearspeak:simple\" data-semantic-font=\"normal\" data-semantic- data-semantic-parent=\"10\" data-semantic-role=\"float\" data-semantic-type=\"number\"><mjx-c></mjx-c><mjx-c></mjx-c><mjx-c></mjx-c><mjx-c></mjx-c></mjx-mn><mjx-mspace data-semantic- data-semantic-operator=\"infixop,\" data-semantic-parent=\"10\" data-semantic-role=\"space\" data-semantic-type=\"operator\" style=\"width: 0.16em;\"></mjx-mspace><mjx-mi data-semantic-font=\"normal\" data-semantic- data-semantic-parent=\"10\" data-semantic-role=\"unknown\" data-semantic-type=\"identifier\"><mjx-c></mjx-c><mjx-c></mjx-c></mjx-mi><mjx-mo data-semantic-added=\"true\" data-semantic- data-semantic-operator=\"infixop,\" data-semantic-parent=\"10\" data-semantic-role=\"multiplication\" data-semantic-type=\"operator\" style=\"margin-left: 0.056em; margin-right: 0.056em;\"><mjx-c></mjx-c></mjx-mo><mjx-msup data-semantic-children=\"3,6\" data-semantic- data-semantic-parent=\"10\" data-semantic-role=\"unknown\" data-semantic-type=\"superscript\"><mjx-mi data-semantic-font=\"normal\" data-semantic- data-semantic-parent=\"7\" data-semantic-role=\"unknown\" data-semantic-type=\"identifier\"><mjx-c></mjx-c><mjx-c></mjx-c></mjx-mi><mjx-script style=\"vertical-align: 0.363em;\"><mjx-mrow data-semantic-annotation=\"clearspeak:simple\" data-semantic-children=\"5\" data-semantic-content=\"4\" data-semantic- data-semantic-parent=\"7\" data-semantic-role=\"negative\" data-semantic-type=\"prefixop\" size=\"s\"><mjx-mo data-semantic- data-semantic-operator=\"prefixop,−\" data-semantic-parent=\"6\" data-semantic-role=\"subtraction\" data-semantic-type=\"operator\" rspace=\"1\"><mjx-c></mjx-c></mjx-mo><mjx-mn data-semantic-annotation=\"clear","PeriodicalId":204,"journal":{"name":"Laser & Photonics Reviews","volume":"12 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":11.0,"publicationDate":"2025-04-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143862054","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Interfacial molecular engineering of rare earth-doped nanocrystals (RE NCs) by incorporating surface organic emitters is receiving widespread attention in the area of functional nanomaterials. The resulting organic–inorganic nanoconjugates are able to integrate individual strengths and show exciting optical/electrical/magnetic functionalities. However, there is a shortage of systematic reviews reporting the most recent progress of interfacial molecular engineering of RE NCs. Thereby, this review presents a comprehensive and timely perspective on recent advances in interfacial molecular engineering of RE NCs. The crucial theoretical knowledge is first summarized, ranging from the luminescence mechanism of organic molecules/RE NCs to the energy transfer mechanisms at the organic–inorganic interface. Construction protocols for coupling organic molecules and RE NCs are then discussed, including chemical coordination and physical adsorption pathways. In particular, beyond traditional bio-imaging/therapy, advanced applications of RE NCs enabled by interface molecular engineering are outlined, not limited to photoexcited 3D printing, light-induced photochromism/deformation, individual micro-modification, and dynamic procedure regulation. Finally, challenges and perspectives are presented to accelerate future progress and provide research guidance for the interfacial molecular engineering of RE NCs. This review provides a deeper and broader understanding of the interfacial molecular engineering of RE NC and pushes this technology closer to practical applications.
在功能纳米材料领域,通过加入表面有机发光体对掺稀土的纳米晶体(RE NCs)进行界面分子工程正在受到广泛关注。由此产生的有机-无机纳米共轭物能够整合各自的优势,并显示出令人兴奋的光学/电学/磁学功能。然而,目前还缺少系统性综述来报道 RE NCs 界面分子工程的最新进展。因此,本综述以全面、及时的视角介绍了 RE NCs 界面分子工程的最新进展。首先总结了重要的理论知识,从有机分子/RE NCs 的发光机制到有机-无机界面的能量传递机制。然后讨论了有机分子与 RE NCs 耦合的构建方案,包括化学配位和物理吸附途径。特别是,除了传统的生物成像/治疗外,还概述了界面分子工程促成的 RE NC 的高级应用,不仅限于光激发三维打印、光诱导光致变色/变形、单个微改性和动态程序调节。最后,提出了挑战和展望,以加快未来的进展,并为可再生数控材料的界面分子工程提供研究指导。这篇综述加深了人们对可再生数控材料界面分子工程学的理解,推动了这项技术的实际应用。
{"title":"Interfacial Molecular Engineering of Rare Earth-Doped Nanocrystals: Basic Principles, Construction Strategies, and Advanced Applications","authors":"Guiqiang Pu, Junnan Song, Zhenjie Cheng, Yangmin Tang, Chengbin Kang, Jiacheng Wang","doi":"10.1002/lpor.202500156","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/lpor.202500156","url":null,"abstract":"Interfacial molecular engineering of rare earth-doped nanocrystals (RE NCs) by incorporating surface organic emitters is receiving widespread attention in the area of functional nanomaterials. The resulting organic–inorganic nanoconjugates are able to integrate individual strengths and show exciting optical/electrical/magnetic functionalities. However, there is a shortage of systematic reviews reporting the most recent progress of interfacial molecular engineering of RE NCs. Thereby, this review presents a comprehensive and timely perspective on recent advances in interfacial molecular engineering of RE NCs. The crucial theoretical knowledge is first summarized, ranging from the luminescence mechanism of organic molecules/RE NCs to the energy transfer mechanisms at the organic–inorganic interface. Construction protocols for coupling organic molecules and RE NCs are then discussed, including chemical coordination and physical adsorption pathways. In particular, beyond traditional bio-imaging/therapy, advanced applications of RE NCs enabled by interface molecular engineering are outlined, not limited to photoexcited 3D printing, light-induced photochromism/deformation, individual micro-modification, and dynamic procedure regulation. Finally, challenges and perspectives are presented to accelerate future progress and provide research guidance for the interfacial molecular engineering of RE NCs. This review provides a deeper and broader understanding of the interfacial molecular engineering of RE NC and pushes this technology closer to practical applications.","PeriodicalId":204,"journal":{"name":"Laser & Photonics Reviews","volume":"6 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":11.0,"publicationDate":"2025-04-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143862055","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Xian-Zi Pei, Lei Bao, Qiu-Hua Wang, Bo Wu, Pan Fu, Heng-Jie Zhou, Jun Deng, Pei-Nan Ni, Qiang Kan, Pei-Pei Chen, Yi-Yang Xie
The development of optical systems is moving toward multifunctionality and miniaturization. Conventional beam splitters, constructed with prisms or flat glass plates, are bulky and limit optical system design. Metasurfaces are artificial planar optical elements whose flatness and compactness facilitate optoelectronic integration with semiconductor devices, resulting in the development of miniaturized and multifunctional optoelectronic devices. Here, multifunctional beam splitters are proposed that monolithically integrate metasurfaces with a standard vertical cavity surface-emitting lasers (VCSELs). By engineering the phase profile, the device can achieve various beam-splitting functions, including a polarization-insensitive high-efficiency power splitter, a multi-channel power splitter, and a polarization power splitter. Experimental results show that the measured splitting ratios (SRs) of the polarization-insensitive power splitters are as follows: 0th to -1st order ranges from 0.92 to 70, and -1st to -2nd order ranges from 0.01 to 80. The multi-channel power splitter exhibits SR of 6.6:4:3:1 for the -1st and +1st orders in the x and y directions. The polarization power splitters enable tunable SRs for ±1 orders, ranging from 0.06 to 1.1. This on-chip integration of power beam splitter is believed has promising potential to drive the development of new compact optical systems and advance integrated photonic applications.
{"title":"On-chip Integration of Metasurface-Based Beam Splitter with Variable Split Ratio","authors":"Xian-Zi Pei, Lei Bao, Qiu-Hua Wang, Bo Wu, Pan Fu, Heng-Jie Zhou, Jun Deng, Pei-Nan Ni, Qiang Kan, Pei-Pei Chen, Yi-Yang Xie","doi":"10.1002/lpor.202500140","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/lpor.202500140","url":null,"abstract":"The development of optical systems is moving toward multifunctionality and miniaturization. Conventional beam splitters, constructed with prisms or flat glass plates, are bulky and limit optical system design. Metasurfaces are artificial planar optical elements whose flatness and compactness facilitate optoelectronic integration with semiconductor devices, resulting in the development of miniaturized and multifunctional optoelectronic devices. Here, multifunctional beam splitters are proposed that monolithically integrate metasurfaces with a standard vertical cavity surface-emitting lasers (VCSELs). By engineering the phase profile, the device can achieve various beam-splitting functions, including a polarization-insensitive high-efficiency power splitter, a multi-channel power splitter, and a polarization power splitter. Experimental results show that the measured splitting ratios (SRs) of the polarization-insensitive power splitters are as follows: 0<sup>th</sup> to -1<sup>st</sup> order ranges from 0.92 to 70, and -1<sup>st</sup> to -2<sup>nd</sup> order ranges from 0.01 to 80. The multi-channel power splitter exhibits SR of 6.6:4:3:1 for the -1<sup>st</sup> and +1<sup>st</sup> orders in the x and y directions. The polarization power splitters enable tunable SRs for ±1 orders, ranging from 0.06 to 1.1. This on-chip integration of power beam splitter is believed has promising potential to drive the development of new compact optical systems and advance integrated photonic applications.","PeriodicalId":204,"journal":{"name":"Laser & Photonics Reviews","volume":"2 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":11.0,"publicationDate":"2025-04-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143862079","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Jiayue Han, Tao Tuo, Wenjie Deng, Xingwei Han, Meiyu He, Chao Han, Lei Guo, Hongxi Zhou, He Yu, Jun Gou, Guangxin Li, Daojian Lu, Jun Wang
Detectors typically face a trade-off between achieving high responsivity and high-speed performance. Balancing these characteristics remains a challenge. Developing broadband infrared detection that achieves high responsivity while maintaining high-speed operation at room temperature is a key objective for the next generation of infrared sensing technologies. In this work, a novel 2D/organic hybrid photogating field-effect transistor (PVFET) capable of broadband detection spanning 488–1550 nm is reported. This device simultaneously enhances both gain and response speed, achieving a remarkable gain-bandwidth product of 1.18 × 1010, thereby overcoming the conventional trade-off between responsivity and speed. Through comprehensive analysis of the device's physical dynamics, the correlation between PVFET performance, incident wavelength, and device Fermi level is demonstrated. Notably, this device operates at an exceptionally low power consumption of 0.25 µW cm2. Building on these superior characteristics, it is further showcase the potential of this PVFET in communication applications. The proposed 2D/organic PVFET provides a promising reference for the development of next-generation high-speed, high-sensitivity photodetectors.
{"title":"2D/Organic Photovoltage Field-Effect Transistors","authors":"Jiayue Han, Tao Tuo, Wenjie Deng, Xingwei Han, Meiyu He, Chao Han, Lei Guo, Hongxi Zhou, He Yu, Jun Gou, Guangxin Li, Daojian Lu, Jun Wang","doi":"10.1002/lpor.202500268","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/lpor.202500268","url":null,"abstract":"Detectors typically face a trade-off between achieving high responsivity and high-speed performance. Balancing these characteristics remains a challenge. Developing broadband infrared detection that achieves high responsivity while maintaining high-speed operation at room temperature is a key objective for the next generation of infrared sensing technologies. In this work, a novel 2D/organic hybrid photogating field-effect transistor (PVFET) capable of broadband detection spanning 488–1550 nm is reported. This device simultaneously enhances both gain and response speed, achieving a remarkable gain-bandwidth product of 1.18 × 10<sup>10</sup>, thereby overcoming the conventional trade-off between responsivity and speed. Through comprehensive analysis of the device's physical dynamics, the correlation between PVFET performance, incident wavelength, and device Fermi level is demonstrated. Notably, this device operates at an exceptionally low power consumption of 0.25 µW cm<sup>2</sup>. Building on these superior characteristics, it is further showcase the potential of this PVFET in communication applications. The proposed 2D/organic PVFET provides a promising reference for the development of next-generation high-speed, high-sensitivity photodetectors.","PeriodicalId":204,"journal":{"name":"Laser & Photonics Reviews","volume":"64 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":11.0,"publicationDate":"2025-04-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143862080","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Linge Mao, Zhijin Yang, Lianchen Zhou, Jiaying Liu, Rong Su, Lulu Zheng, Zhen Qiao, Songlin Zhuang, Dawei Zhang
Multidimensional optical encryption is crucial for enhancing information security. The manipulation of laser spatial modes has emerged as an advanced technique for expanding encoding dimensions. However, relying exclusively on mode orders as the encoding dimension in mode-division multiplexing (MDM) still limits the potential for improving encryption security. In this study, multidimensional optical encryption is achieved by manipulating elliptical orbital angular momentum (OAM) modes within microlasers. By governing the photonic orbits in a Fabry–Pérot (FP) microcavity, four independent optical dimensions are established within a single elliptical OAM mode: azimuthal order, radial order, ellipticity, and long-axis direction. This configuration enables 4D encryption through the construction of a microcavity array. Moreover, the distinct laser patterns provide the microcavity array with a physical unclonable function (PUF), which further enhances the security level of the encryption device. This study presents a strategy for increasing the multiplexing capacity in microlasers, offering promising platforms for high-security optical encryption and anticounterfeiting.
{"title":"Manipulating Elliptical Photonic Orbits in Microlasers for High-Dimensional Encryption","authors":"Linge Mao, Zhijin Yang, Lianchen Zhou, Jiaying Liu, Rong Su, Lulu Zheng, Zhen Qiao, Songlin Zhuang, Dawei Zhang","doi":"10.1002/lpor.202500238","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/lpor.202500238","url":null,"abstract":"Multidimensional optical encryption is crucial for enhancing information security. The manipulation of laser spatial modes has emerged as an advanced technique for expanding encoding dimensions. However, relying exclusively on mode orders as the encoding dimension in mode-division multiplexing (MDM) still limits the potential for improving encryption security. In this study, multidimensional optical encryption is achieved by manipulating elliptical orbital angular momentum (OAM) modes within microlasers. By governing the photonic orbits in a Fabry–Pérot (FP) microcavity, four independent optical dimensions are established within a single elliptical OAM mode: azimuthal order, radial order, ellipticity, and long-axis direction. This configuration enables 4D encryption through the construction of a microcavity array. Moreover, the distinct laser patterns provide the microcavity array with a physical unclonable function (PUF), which further enhances the security level of the encryption device. This study presents a strategy for increasing the multiplexing capacity in microlasers, offering promising platforms for high-security optical encryption and anticounterfeiting.","PeriodicalId":204,"journal":{"name":"Laser & Photonics Reviews","volume":"12 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":11.0,"publicationDate":"2025-04-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143862086","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The intriguing physical phenomena and significant application potential are driving the development of two-dimensional (2D) magnetic materials. The coupling of 2D magnetic order with electrons, phonons, and photons can profoundly influence the physical properties of 2D magnets, leading to advancements in spintronics and optoelectronics. However, the practical application of 2D magnets is impeded by the air-instability and inadequate understanding of the complex coupling effects associated with 2D magnetic ordering. A study is presented here on the temperature, wavelength, and field-dependent photoluminescence (PL) spectra of one of the few air-stable van der Waals magnet CrPS4. A notable decreasing of the dominant PL peak intensity is observed in the presence of magnetic order and external magnetic field. Combined with theoretical calculations, this study determines that the modulation of PL intensity by magnetic order stems from the spin-restricted selection rule imposing on the electron–hole radiative combination, resulting in the darkening of the bright excitons. Since spin-polarized electronic band structure is prevalent in 2D magnets, these findings unveil a universal spin-charge coupling effect and offer valuable insights into the fascinating interplay between magnetism and optical properties in 2D magnets, advocating strong promises for the development of advanced magneto-optoelectronic devices based on CrPS4.
{"title":"Magnetic Order Induced Suppression of Photoluminescence in van der Waals Magnet CrPS4","authors":"Lili Hu, Shan Dong, Yichun Pan, Yubin Wang, Yuxin Zhai, Shuli Wang, Haiyun Liu, David Sedmidubský, Zdenek Sofer, Weihang Zhou, Wenkai Lou, Kai Chang, Qihua Xiong","doi":"10.1002/lpor.202400862","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/lpor.202400862","url":null,"abstract":"The intriguing physical phenomena and significant application potential are driving the development of two-dimensional (2D) magnetic materials. The coupling of 2D magnetic order with electrons, phonons, and photons can profoundly influence the physical properties of 2D magnets, leading to advancements in spintronics and optoelectronics. However, the practical application of 2D magnets is impeded by the air-instability and inadequate understanding of the complex coupling effects associated with 2D magnetic ordering. A study is presented here on the temperature, wavelength, and field-dependent photoluminescence (PL) spectra of one of the few air-stable van der Waals magnet CrPS<sub>4</sub>. A notable decreasing of the dominant PL peak intensity is observed in the presence of magnetic order and external magnetic field. Combined with theoretical calculations, this study determines that the modulation of PL intensity by magnetic order stems from the spin-restricted selection rule imposing on the electron–hole radiative combination, resulting in the darkening of the bright excitons. Since spin-polarized electronic band structure is prevalent in 2D magnets, these findings unveil a universal spin-charge coupling effect and offer valuable insights into the fascinating interplay between magnetism and optical properties in 2D magnets, advocating strong promises for the development of advanced magneto-optoelectronic devices based on CrPS<sub>4</sub>.","PeriodicalId":204,"journal":{"name":"Laser & Photonics Reviews","volume":"125 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":11.0,"publicationDate":"2025-04-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143853757","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Ti Sun, Zhenger Yang, Wenhui Cao, Fanghao Zhou, Feng Xu, Bing Cao, Chinhua Wang
Compared with conventional intensity imaging, 3D and full Stokes polarization imaging can obtain higher-dimensional information about the objects. Here, a simultaneous 3D and full Stokes polarization imaging method using an all-dielectric metalens network (ADMN) has been proposed and experimentally demonstrated. The proposed ADMN is composed of three sub-metalenses simultaneously working for 0°/90°, 45°/135° linear polarization (LP), and left/right-handed circular polarization (L/RCP), respectively, from which the full Stokes polarization images can be obtained. Simultaneously, the 3D images of the object can be constructed by the parallaxes among different images obtained by different sub-metalenses. At the design wavelength of 532 nm, experimental results show that the averaged extinction ratios of the LP and CP of the fabricated ADMN are ≈10:1 and ≈23:1, respectively. The typical depth range of the 3D imaging reaches 250 mm with a diameter of the sub-metalenses of 1.2 mm and a baseline distance of 65 mm between sub-metalenses, and the average relative measurement accuracy is ≈0.8%. The proposed method provides new ideas for simultaneous 3D and full Stokes polarization imaging, target recognition, and stress detection.
{"title":"Simultaneous 3D and Full Stokes Polarization Imaging Based on All-Dielectric Metalens Network","authors":"Ti Sun, Zhenger Yang, Wenhui Cao, Fanghao Zhou, Feng Xu, Bing Cao, Chinhua Wang","doi":"10.1002/lpor.202500269","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/lpor.202500269","url":null,"abstract":"Compared with conventional intensity imaging, 3D and full Stokes polarization imaging can obtain higher-dimensional information about the objects. Here, a simultaneous 3D and full Stokes polarization imaging method using an all-dielectric metalens network (ADMN) has been proposed and experimentally demonstrated. The proposed ADMN is composed of three sub-metalenses simultaneously working for 0°/90°, 45°/135° linear polarization (LP), and left/right-handed circular polarization (L/RCP), respectively, from which the full Stokes polarization images can be obtained. Simultaneously, the 3D images of the object can be constructed by the parallaxes among different images obtained by different sub-metalenses. At the design wavelength of 532 nm, experimental results show that the averaged extinction ratios of the LP and CP of the fabricated ADMN are ≈10:1 and ≈23:1, respectively. The typical depth range of the 3D imaging reaches 250 mm with a diameter of the sub-metalenses of 1.2 mm and a baseline distance of 65 mm between sub-metalenses, and the average relative measurement accuracy is ≈0.8%. The proposed method provides new ideas for simultaneous 3D and full Stokes polarization imaging, target recognition, and stress detection.","PeriodicalId":204,"journal":{"name":"Laser & Photonics Reviews","volume":"50 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":11.0,"publicationDate":"2025-04-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143853727","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Chao Zeng, Ruixue Si, Yixuan Zhu, Xiankun Yao, Yueqing Du, Jianlin Zhao, Dong Mao
Soliton molecules (SMs), ranging from the simplest soliton pairs to complex multi‐soliton patterns, serve as versatile carriers for unveiling intricate nonlinear interactions and developing advanced ultrashort laser pulses. Owing to many‐body interactions, SMs composed of multiple solitons display more complex structures and dynamics. Here, a unique type of SMs, termed soliton molecular chains (SMCs), in a passively mode‐locked fiber laser is reported and their formation mechanism—the cascaded self‐injection trapping—is elucidated. The SMCs comprise equally spaced multi‐solitons, increasing progressively with pump strength, and exhibit temporal separation locking and relative phase correlating behaviors. Simulation results fully reproduce and interpret experimental observations, unveiling that the emerging solitons in SMCs are trapped at the local minima of the effective pinning potential in a cascade manner. Specifically, these potential wells originate from the interactions between the emerging solitons and the time‐delayed self‐injection pulses of the preceding soliton generated through an inherent sub‐cavity. Unlike SMs formed through long‐range interactions between solitons and background oscillations, this study demonstrates a novel mechanism that provides an alternative approach to synthesizing SMs with desired patterns by artificially introducing self‐injection pulses.
{"title":"Soliton Molecular Chains Induced by Cascaded Self‐Injection Trapping","authors":"Chao Zeng, Ruixue Si, Yixuan Zhu, Xiankun Yao, Yueqing Du, Jianlin Zhao, Dong Mao","doi":"10.1002/lpor.202500155","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/lpor.202500155","url":null,"abstract":"Soliton molecules (SMs), ranging from the simplest soliton pairs to complex multi‐soliton patterns, serve as versatile carriers for unveiling intricate nonlinear interactions and developing advanced ultrashort laser pulses. Owing to many‐body interactions, SMs composed of multiple solitons display more complex structures and dynamics. Here, a unique type of SMs, termed soliton molecular chains (SMCs), in a passively mode‐locked fiber laser is reported and their formation mechanism—the cascaded self‐injection trapping—is elucidated. The SMCs comprise equally spaced multi‐solitons, increasing progressively with pump strength, and exhibit temporal separation locking and relative phase correlating behaviors. Simulation results fully reproduce and interpret experimental observations, unveiling that the emerging solitons in SMCs are trapped at the local minima of the effective pinning potential in a cascade manner. Specifically, these potential wells originate from the interactions between the emerging solitons and the time‐delayed self‐injection pulses of the preceding soliton generated through an inherent sub‐cavity. Unlike SMs formed through long‐range interactions between solitons and background oscillations, this study demonstrates a novel mechanism that provides an alternative approach to synthesizing SMs with desired patterns by artificially introducing self‐injection pulses.","PeriodicalId":204,"journal":{"name":"Laser & Photonics Reviews","volume":"45 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":11.0,"publicationDate":"2025-04-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143853325","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Qingxun Guo, Shunzhang Yu, Yiming Liu, Yajing Li, Lingfeng Chao, Guiqiu Zhao, You Liu, Na Meng, Gang Lu, Dezhi Yang, Huanxin Ju, Mingjie Li, Guichuan Xing, Dongge Ma, Yingdong Xia, Yonghua Chen
Ion migration is inevitable for perovskite light‐emitting diodes (PeLEDs) operating under a constant direct current (DC) electric field, significantly undermining device stability. Herein, a straightforward and effective strategy is presented for boosting the lifetime of PeLEDs by employing an alternating current (AC)‐driving mode. The impact of driving mode on device performance is investigated, achieving a record external quantum efficiency (EQE) of 14.9% under AC‐driving mode with negligible efficiency roll‐off (EQE >13.5%) across a wide range of current densities (1 to 400 mA cm−2). Notably, the effectively suppressed ion migration is demonstrated in AC‐driving mode, resulting in a remarkable 40‐fold increase in operational lifetime (T50) compared to the DC‐driving mode. This enhancement is particularly pronounced in mixed‐halide PeLEDs (e.g., FAPbI2Br), where the challenging issue of spectral drift due to ion migration has been effectively resolved.
{"title":"Stabilizing Perovskite Light‐Emitting Diodes by Alternating Current","authors":"Qingxun Guo, Shunzhang Yu, Yiming Liu, Yajing Li, Lingfeng Chao, Guiqiu Zhao, You Liu, Na Meng, Gang Lu, Dezhi Yang, Huanxin Ju, Mingjie Li, Guichuan Xing, Dongge Ma, Yingdong Xia, Yonghua Chen","doi":"10.1002/lpor.202402262","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/lpor.202402262","url":null,"abstract":"Ion migration is inevitable for perovskite light‐emitting diodes (PeLEDs) operating under a constant direct current (DC) electric field, significantly undermining device stability. Herein, a straightforward and effective strategy is presented for boosting the lifetime of PeLEDs by employing an alternating current (AC)‐driving mode. The impact of driving mode on device performance is investigated, achieving a record external quantum efficiency (EQE) of 14.9% under AC‐driving mode with negligible efficiency roll‐off (EQE >13.5%) across a wide range of current densities (1 to 400 mA cm<jats:sup>−2</jats:sup>). Notably, the effectively suppressed ion migration is demonstrated in AC‐driving mode, resulting in a remarkable 40‐fold increase in operational lifetime (<jats:italic>T<jats:sub>50</jats:sub></jats:italic>) compared to the DC‐driving mode. This enhancement is particularly pronounced in mixed‐halide PeLEDs (e.g., FAPbI<jats:sub>2</jats:sub>Br), where the challenging issue of spectral drift due to ion migration has been effectively resolved.","PeriodicalId":204,"journal":{"name":"Laser & Photonics Reviews","volume":"28 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":11.0,"publicationDate":"2025-04-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143853310","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Photochromic materials have shown significant potential in a plethora of possible applications. However, in practical applications, they remain limited by intricate multi‐stage synthesis processes and a restricted range of photochromic colors. Modulating the chromatic properties involves an intricate manipulation of their chemical composition, crystal structure, and trapping energy levels, rendering it extremely challenging to achieve a desired color gamut. In this study, apatite‐type materials are rapidly synthesized using a microwave‐assisted approach. The photochromic behavior is systematically examined by substituting F⁻ ions with Cl⁻ ions, facilitating the transformation of color centers from pink to green and ultimately to blue. Notably, the prominent reflectance absorption peak ≈554 nm exhibited a gradual red shift to 625 nm. A thorough characterization reveals that this large shift in wavelength of F‐center arises from the effective modulation in the trapping energy levels with differing trap distributions linked to photochromism observed across the various Sr₅(PO₄)₃F₁₋xClx:1%Eu. Finally, the potential applications of these multicolor compounds are demonstrated in routine chromatic decorations and sophisticated multi‐hued cryptographic technologies. These findings highlight the efficacy of trapping energy management in optimizing photochromic behavior and the considerable capability of the photochromic materials for on‐demand practical applications.
{"title":"Realizing Color‐Tunable Photochromism in Apatite‐Structured Compounds via Trapping Energy Management for Wide Gamut Encryption","authors":"Jingxuan Zhang, Hengwei Lin, Jiaren Du","doi":"10.1002/lpor.202500221","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/lpor.202500221","url":null,"abstract":"Photochromic materials have shown significant potential in a plethora of possible applications. However, in practical applications, they remain limited by intricate multi‐stage synthesis processes and a restricted range of photochromic colors. Modulating the chromatic properties involves an intricate manipulation of their chemical composition, crystal structure, and trapping energy levels, rendering it extremely challenging to achieve a desired color gamut. In this study, apatite‐type materials are rapidly synthesized using a microwave‐assisted approach. The photochromic behavior is systematically examined by substituting F⁻ ions with Cl⁻ ions, facilitating the transformation of color centers from pink to green and ultimately to blue. Notably, the prominent reflectance absorption peak ≈554 nm exhibited a gradual red shift to 625 nm. A thorough characterization reveals that this large shift in wavelength of F‐center arises from the effective modulation in the trapping energy levels with differing trap distributions linked to photochromism observed across the various Sr₅(PO₄)₃F₁₋<jats:sub>x</jats:sub>Cl<jats:sub>x</jats:sub>:1%Eu. Finally, the potential applications of these multicolor compounds are demonstrated in routine chromatic decorations and sophisticated multi‐hued cryptographic technologies. These findings highlight the efficacy of trapping energy management in optimizing photochromic behavior and the considerable capability of the photochromic materials for on‐demand practical applications.","PeriodicalId":204,"journal":{"name":"Laser & Photonics Reviews","volume":"33 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":11.0,"publicationDate":"2025-04-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143853307","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}