Procedia Structural Integrity最新文献_第3页

The dynamic analysis of the Troja footbridge – the analysis of the possibility of the early warning before the collapse 特罗亚（Troja）人行天桥的动态分析--分析坍塌前预警的可能性

Procedia Structural Integrity

Pub Date : 2024-01-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.prostr.2024.09.235

Pavel Ryjáček , Vladimír Příbramský , Alexey Tretyakov , Tomáš Plachý

The subject of this paper is to summarize the results of the analysis of the Troja footbridge collapse. The analysis included the remains inspection, creation of the numerical models, and analysis of the measurement, done on the bridge. The analysis included the impact of variable influences, including the defect of the tendons. Based on variable methods, the conclusions are given, if the failure could have been detected by used methods.

本文的主题是总结特罗亚人行天桥坍塌事故的分析结果。分析包括对桥梁进行遗体检查、创建数字模型和测量分析。分析包括各种可变影响因素的影响，其中包括钢筋的缺陷。根据不同的方法，对是否可以通过使用的方法检测到故障给出了结论。

引用次数: 0

Rebar detection: Comparison of stepped frequency continuous wave and pulsed GPR 钢筋探测：阶跃频率连续波和脉冲 GPR 的比较

Procedia Structural Integrity

Pub Date : 2024-01-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.prostr.2024.09.250

Mercedes Solla , Alexandre Novo , Ahmed Elseicy , F. Javier Prego

Reinforced concrete structures are widely used in civil engineering owing to their versatility, strength, and durability. One of the most recommended methods for rebar mapping is Ground-Penetrating Radar (GPR) because of its non-destructive and non-invasive character. In concrete mapping, GPR is mainly used for locating subsurface objects (rebars, tendons, ducts), measuring concrete cover, mapping mesh configuration (spacing), and detecting bottom of slab. To achieve these, concrete scanning GPR practitioners often need very high-resolution images. This work presents a comparison in rebar mapping between two GPR systems with different modulation techniques: Stepped frequency continuous wave (SFCW) and pulsed radar. The SFCW system used has a frequency range of 400-6000 MHz, while the pulsed system used a ground-coupled central frequency antenna of 2.3 GHz. Measurements were conducted on laboratory specimens, with rebar diameters ranging from 8 to 32 mm. Three different specimens were used, with one for calibration and other two to analyze both the horizontal and vertical resolutions of the frequency antennas.

钢筋混凝土结构因其多功能性、强度和耐久性而被广泛应用于土木工程中。地面穿透雷达 (GPR) 是钢筋测绘最推荐的方法之一，因为它具有非破坏性和非侵入性的特点。在混凝土测绘中，GPR 主要用于定位地下物体（钢筋、筋腱、导管）、测量混凝土覆盖层、测绘网格配置（间距）和探测板底。要实现这些功能，混凝土扫描 GPR 从业人员通常需要非常高分辨率的图像。这项工作对采用不同调制技术的两种 GPR 系统的钢筋测绘进行了比较：步进频率连续波 (SFCW) 和脉冲雷达。所使用的 SFCW 系统频率范围为 400-6000 MHz，而脉冲系统使用的是 2.3 GHz 的地面耦合中央频率天线。测量是在实验室试样上进行的，钢筋直径从 8 毫米到 32 毫米不等。使用了三个不同的试样，其中一个用于校准，另外两个用于分析频率天线的水平和垂直分辨率。

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引用次数: 0

Long-term indirect monitoring system for short and medium span bridges 中短跨度桥梁的长期间接监测系统

Procedia Structural Integrity

Pub Date : 2024-01-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.prostr.2024.09.287

Ayaho Miyamoto

Bridge health monitoring has been widely discussed for establishing the rational maintenance strategies of existing bridges. Meanwhile, we need to provide discussions and recommendations on how to establish fully automatic data collection system and how to manage the big data for holistic bridge maintenance decisions. The author developed a vehicle-based (coupling of a moving vehicle and a bridge) bridge health monitoring system by using public buses which is one practical solution to the problem for condition assessment of short and medium span bridges (called “bus-based monitoring system”). The proposed system includes some new ideas about making use of the under rear-wheel spring acceleration sensors installed on an in-service fixed-route bus operating on the public transit system (long-term and indirect methods), define “characteristic deflection” as an indicator that may be useful in efficiently detecting a structural anomaly of a bridge, etc. The main objectives of this paper are 1) to introduce the details of how to assess the bridge condition based on the results of long-term application (total more than 10 years) to actual bridges on Ube City bus network in Japan, as a specific example for verify the system, 2) to discuss what is possible steps in realizing practical application of the system to existing bridges for consideration systematically into the maintenance strategies in the future. This paper is a continuation of previously published ones with new materials from the practical application viewpoint.

为制定合理的既有桥梁维护策略，桥梁健康监测已被广泛讨论。同时，我们需要就如何建立全自动数据采集系统以及如何管理大数据为整体桥梁维护决策提供讨论和建议。作者利用公交车开发了一种基于车辆（移动车辆与桥梁的耦合）的桥梁健康监测系统，这是解决中短跨度桥梁状况评估问题的一种实用方案（称为 "基于公交车的监测系统"）。所提议的系统包括一些新的想法，即利用安装在公交系统上运行的在役固定路线公交车上的后轮弹簧加速度传感器（长期和间接方法），将 "特征挠度 "定义为可用于有效检测桥梁结构异常的指标等。本文的主要目的是：1）根据对日本宇部市公交网络实际桥梁的长期应用（总计超过 10 年）结果，介绍如何评估桥梁状况的细节，以此作为验证该系统的具体实例；2）讨论在现有桥梁上实际应用该系统的可能步骤，以便在未来的维护策略中系统地加以考虑。本文从实际应用的角度出发，对之前发表的论文进行了续篇，并加入了新的材料。

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引用次数: 0

Degree of composite action of steel beams with precast concrete hollow core slabs 钢梁与预制混凝土空心板的复合作用程度

Procedia Structural Integrity

Pub Date : 2024-01-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.prostr.2024.09.211

Parinaz Panjehbashi Aghdam , Serge Parent , David W. Dinehart , Nathalie Roy

Different construction challenges followed by harsh environmental conditions triggered the human intention to precast composite structures. The precast concrete hollow core (PCHC) slabs have been popular, especially for multi-story long-span composite structures. In comparison to conventional solid concrete slabs, they have the advantages of being more lightweight, fire-resistant, soundproof, and cost-effective. However, the composite action between the steel beams and PCHC slabs is neglected in the design codes. This paper aims to investigate the composite action between the PCHC slabs and steel beams through an experimental study. Two full-scale flexural tests were performed on specimens of 203 cm and 254 cm PCHC slabs connected to the steel beam via 19 mm diameter shear studs. Instrumentations and data acquisition systems recorded the failure modes and crack formations. Also, the digital image correlation (DIC) technique was applied to capture the neutral axis position during the loading process. Finally, the degree of composite action (DCA), an important parameter to describe the structural behavior of the composite beam, was calculated based on the analytical and experimental bending moments of the specimens.

不同的施工挑战和恶劣的环境条件引发了人类对预制复合结构的关注。预制混凝土空心板（PCHC）一直很受欢迎，尤其是在多层大跨度复合结构中。与传统的实心混凝土板相比，它具有重量轻、耐火、隔音和成本效益高等优点。然而，设计规范中忽略了钢梁与 PCHC 板之间的复合作用。本文旨在通过实验研究 PCHC 板与钢梁之间的复合作用。通过直径为 19 毫米的剪力螺柱将 203 厘米和 254 厘米的 PCHC 板与钢梁连接起来，对试样进行了两次全尺寸抗弯试验。仪器和数据采集系统记录了破坏模式和裂缝的形成。此外，还采用了数字图像相关（DIC）技术来捕捉加载过程中的中性轴位置。最后，根据试样的分析和实验弯矩计算了复合作用度（DCA），这是描述复合梁结构行为的一个重要参数。

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引用次数: 0

Vision-Based Monitoring and Frequency analysis for Structural beams 基于视觉的结构梁监测和频率分析

Procedia Structural Integrity

Pub Date : 2024-01-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.prostr.2024.09.333

Tahreer M. Fayyad , Su Taylor , Kun Feng

Real-time assessment presents a significant challenge in Structural Health Monitoring (SHM), where the timely detection of structural defects and determination of in-service strength are crucial. In the developing field of SHM, the integration of diverse technologies is becoming increasingly essential, especially given the different challenges brought on by climate change and the complex nature of civil engineering structures. Traditional approaches, such as vibration analysis, acoustic emission, ultrasonic testing, and thermal imaging, despite their widespread use, face challenges in accurately pinpointing structural damage due to their reliance on a single technology. Meanwhile, dynamic response measurements of structures present a promising method for gaining internal insights into structures. Additionally, the advent of Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAVs) has enhanced the viability of vision-based techniques, such as digital image correlation (DIC), for surface assessment. This paper investigates damage in lightly reinforced concrete beams using a dual-technique approach that exploits the strengths of the DIC technique and frequency measurement technique, aiming to enhance the detection and analysis of damage in reinforced concrete beams. This integration signifies a step forward in SHM especially if integrated with other advancements leading to a better monitoring of structures.

在结构健康监测（SHM）领域，实时评估是一项重大挑战，因为及时发现结构缺陷和确定使用中的强度至关重要。在不断发展的结构健康监测（SHM）领域，各种技术的整合正变得越来越重要，特别是考虑到气候变化带来的不同挑战和土木工程结构的复杂性。振动分析、声发射、超声波测试和热成像等传统方法尽管应用广泛，但由于依赖于单一技术，在准确定位结构损坏方面面临挑战。与此同时，结构的动态响应测量为深入了解结构内部提供了一种前景广阔的方法。此外，无人机（UAV）的出现也提高了基于视觉的技术（如数字图像相关技术（DIC））在表面评估中的可行性。本文采用双技术方法研究了轻质钢筋混凝土梁的损坏情况，该方法利用了 DIC 技术和频率测量技术的优势，旨在加强对钢筋混凝土梁损坏情况的检测和分析。这种整合标志着 SHM 技术向前迈进了一步，尤其是在与其他先进技术相结合的情况下，可以更好地监测结构。

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引用次数: 0

Nondestructive test for visualization of water movement in concrete using neutron imaging 利用中子成像对混凝土中水的流动进行可视化的无损检测

Procedia Structural Integrity

Pub Date : 2024-01-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.prostr.2024.09.232

M. Mizuta , T. Takanashi , Y. Otake , A. Ueno , I. Kurashige , H. Ueda , Y. Kubo

Water penetration in concrete has been introduced into Japanese Standard Specifications for Concrete Structures ‘Design’ in 2018. This clearly shows that water ingress through surfaces can affect steel corrosion. Test method for water penetration rate coefficient of concrete subjected to water in short term was indicated at the same time. In 2022, Specifications ‘Maintenance’ has involved this coefficient to estimate progress of steel corrosion. The proposed test method can be useful for maintenance on the one hand and has a problem on the other. The test is performed in destructive way and needs nine circular specimens (100 mm in diameter and 200 mm in height). The aim of this research is to develop nondestructive test method which can visualize water movement in concrete. Neutron imaging is chosen to attain this goal and is conducted at the RIKEN Accelerator-driven compact Neutron Source, RANS. For incident neutrons, transmittance is changed by the element distributed to the transmission direction and the volume. Especially, hydrogen strongly scatter incident neutrons and water is imaged as shades.

2018 年，日本《混凝土结构'设计'标准规范》中引入了混凝土渗水问题。这清楚地表明，通过表面渗入的水会影响钢材锈蚀。同时还指出了混凝土短期受水渗透率系数的测试方法。2022 年，"维护 "规范采用了这一系数来估算钢筋锈蚀的进展情况。建议的测试方法一方面可用于维护，另一方面也存在问题。测试以破坏性方式进行，需要九个圆形试样（直径 100 毫米，高 200 毫米）。这项研究的目的是开发一种无损检测方法，可以直观地显示混凝土中水的流动情况。为实现这一目标，我们选择了中子成像，并在理化学研究所加速器驱动紧凑型中子源 RANS 上进行。对于入射中子，透射率会因分布在透射方向和体积上的元素而改变。特别是氢元素会强烈散射入射中子，因此水被成像为阴影。

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引用次数: 0

AI-enhanced digital inspection of bridges 人工智能增强型桥梁数字化检测

Procedia Structural Integrity

Pub Date : 2024-01-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.prostr.2024.09.198

Konrad Bergmeister , Konstantinos T. Tsalouchidis , Elisabeth Stierschneider , Lada Ilić , Daniele Di Luca , Nicolò Spiezia

Civil infrastructure inspection -and consequently maintenance- is carried out primarily through visual inspections. AI-enhanced (Artificial Intelligence) digital inspection methods, integrated with risk-based probabilistic approaches, have been promoted to keep existing structures, especially infrastructures, safe and predictable. Drones are used to obtain a significant number of images to cover the surface of a bridge, which are further integrated into a digital 3D (three-dimensional) model. According to the IFC standards (Industry Foundation Class), this 3D model is GPS-positioned (Global Positioning System) and connected to BIM (Building Information Modelling). Post-processing the accumulated data volume of all digital images is very time-consuming. For this reason, appropriate AI-based algorithms streamline this process significantly, enabling partially automated damage detection and assessment. To this end, images of various types of damage on different bridges are used to train and test the AI-enhanced models. In addition, damage identification and classification are developed. Six visually detectable defects can be identified, and theoretical models estimate the associated structural diseases. Finally, a probability-based risk assessment presents the basis for defining the criticality of the structure. With the help of digital images, it is possible to create a high-fidelity digital model and quantitative surface and spatial data records of the structural health condition of bridges and other infrastructures.

民用基础设施的检查和维护主要通过目视检查进行。为了保证现有结构（尤其是基础设施）的安全和可预测性，AI 增强型（人工智能）数字检测方法与基于风险的概率方法相结合得到了推广。无人机可获取大量覆盖桥梁表面的图像，并将其进一步整合到数字 3D （三维）模型中。根据 IFC 标准（工业基础类），该三维模型采用 GPS 定位（全球定位系统），并与 BIM（建筑信息模型）相连接。对所有数字图像的累积数据量进行后期处理非常耗时。因此，基于人工智能的适当算法大大简化了这一过程，实现了部分自动损坏检测和评估。为此，不同桥梁上各种类型的损坏图像被用于训练和测试人工智能增强模型。此外，还开发了损伤识别和分类功能。可以识别出六种可目测的缺陷，并通过理论模型估算出相关的结构病害。最后，基于概率的风险评估为确定结构的危急性提供了依据。在数字图像的帮助下，可以创建高保真数字模型以及桥梁和其他基础设施结构健康状况的定量表面和空间数据记录。

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引用次数: 0

Development of generic AI models to predict the movement of vehicles on bridges 开发通用人工智能模型，预测桥梁上的车辆行驶情况

Procedia Structural Integrity

Pub Date : 2024-01-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.prostr.2024.09.307

Eshwar Kumar Ramasetti, Ralf Herrmann, Sebastian Degener, Matthias Baeßler

For civil, mechanical, and aerospace structures to extend operation times and to remain in service, structural health monitoring (SHM) is vital. SHM is a method to examining and monitoring the dynamic behavior of essential constructions. Because of its versatility in detecting unfavorable structural changes and enhancing structural dependability and life cycle management, it has been extensively used in many engineering domains, especially in civil bridges. Due to the recent technical developments in sensors, high-speed internet, and cloud computing, data-driven approaches to structural health monitoring are gaining appeal. Since artificial intelligence (AI), especially in SHM, was introduced into civil engineering, these modern and promising methods have attracted significant research attention. In this work, a large dataset of acceleration time series using digital sensors was collected by installing a structural health monitoring (SHM) system on Nibelungen Bridge located in Worms, Germany. In this paper, a deep learning model is developed for accurate classification of different types of vehicle movement on the bridge from the data obtained from accelerometers. The neural network is trained with key features extracted from the acceleration dataset and classification accuracy of 98 % was achieved.

为了延长民用、机械和航空航天结构的运行时间并使其继续服役，结构健康监测（SHM）至关重要。结构健康监测是一种检查和监测重要结构动态行为的方法。由于其在检测不利结构变化、提高结构可靠性和生命周期管理方面的多功能性，它已被广泛应用于许多工程领域，尤其是民用桥梁领域。由于传感器、高速互联网和云计算等领域的最新技术发展，数据驱动的结构健康监测方法越来越受欢迎。自从人工智能（AI），尤其是 SHM 被引入土木工程领域以来，这些现代化的、前景广阔的方法吸引了大量研究人员的关注。在这项工作中，通过在德国沃尔姆斯的尼伯龙根大桥上安装结构健康监测（SHM）系统，使用数字传感器收集了大量加速度时间序列数据集。本文开发了一个深度学习模型，用于从加速度传感器获得的数据中对桥上不同类型的车辆运动进行准确分类。神经网络利用从加速度数据集中提取的关键特征进行训练，分类准确率达到 98%。

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引用次数: 0

Innovative hybrid CFRP composite and Fe-SMA bonded systems for structural glass flexural strengthening 用于结构玻璃抗弯加固的创新型混合 CFRP 复合材料和 Fe-SMA 粘合系统

Procedia Structural Integrity

Pub Date : 2024-01-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.prostr.2024.09.279

Jorge Rocha , Eduardo Pereira , José Sena-Cruz

Contemporary architecture is increasingly embracing the use of structural glass for challenging applications. Glass industry has been adopting thermal toughening and lamination as advanced techniques to enhance tensile strength and avoid sudden failures. However, unexpected failure persists and hinders a more widespread application of glass, including as a structural material. Researchers have tested alternative glass composite systems, integrating reinforcements like steel, fiber-reinforced polymers (FRP), or iron-based shape memory alloy (Fe-SMA). This study explores an innovative concept that involves the simultaneous application of CFRP and Fe-SMA reinforcements via near-surface mounted (NSM) or externally bonded reinforced (EBR) techniques for glass strengthening. This system is shown to effectively prevent premature debonding, enhance post-cracking response, and ensure ductile failure modes, while being simple. Bending tests on large-scale laminated glass beams were performed to characterize the effectiveness of the system, while also the benefits of post-tensioning were investigated by inducing different prestressing levels in the glass strengthened elements. The paper first highlights the advantages of Fe-SMA reinforcements in glass composite systems through experimental evidence, followed by exploration of the proposed innovative hybrid CFRP composite and Fe-SMA bonded systems.

现代建筑越来越多地采用结构玻璃来满足具有挑战性的应用需求。玻璃行业一直在采用热增韧和层压等先进技术来提高拉伸强度，避免突然失效。然而，意外失效依然存在，阻碍了玻璃作为结构材料的更广泛应用。研究人员已经测试了其他玻璃复合材料系统，包括钢、纤维增强聚合物（FRP）或铁基形状记忆合金（Fe-SMA）等增强材料。本研究探讨了一种创新概念，即通过近表面安装 (NSM) 或外部粘接增强 (EBR) 技术同时应用 CFRP 和 Fe-SMA 增强材料来强化玻璃。该系统可有效防止过早脱粘，增强开裂后的响应，并确保延展性破坏模式，同时操作简单。对大型夹层玻璃梁进行了弯曲试验，以确定该系统的有效性，同时还通过在玻璃加固构件中施加不同的预应力水平，研究了后张法的优点。本文首先通过实验证据强调了玻璃复合材料系统中 Fe-SMA 增强材料的优势，随后探讨了所提出的创新型 CFRP 复合材料和 Fe-SMA 粘结混合系统。

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引用次数: 0

Fatigue investigation of 3D-printed notched PLA specimens by Thermographic methods with FEM Simulation Integration 利用热成像方法和有限元模拟集成对三维打印缺口聚乳酸试样进行疲劳研究

Procedia Structural Integrity

Pub Date : 2024-01-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.prostr.2024.01.013

Reza Ahmadi , Danilo D'Andrea , Dario Santonocito , Giacomo Risitano

Additive manufacturing (AM) technology, particularly for polymers, as versatile technology, becomes increasingly important in various fields, especially in medical and healthcare. The wide usage of 3D printed parts and layer-by-layer nature of them introduces unique considerations for potential fatigue-related issues, therefore, fatigue crack propagation and material failure are significant concerns when it comes to the long-term performance and reliability of such components. In this context, thermography can help identify areas of localized heating that could indicate the initiation and propagation of fatigue cracks. Energy Methods are time-efficient and requires fewer specimens compared to conventional fatigue testing methods which can provide valuable insights to the design and printing parameters to enhance the fatigue performance. In this research, after modelling different types notched dog-bone specimens, they were printed with FDM printer using PLA material and similar setting parameters. After that, 3D printed specimens were subjected to static tensile loading and stepwise fatigue tests monitoring the energy release to assess their fatigue behaviour. Additionally, we employed ACP module in Ansys to model notched specimens, calculating stresses within different layers.

快速成型制造（AM）技术，尤其是聚合物快速成型制造技术，作为一种多功能技术，在各个领域，特别是医疗和保健领域变得越来越重要。3D 打印部件的广泛使用和逐层打印的特性为潜在的疲劳相关问题带来了独特的考虑因素，因此，疲劳裂纹扩展和材料失效是此类部件长期性能和可靠性的重大问题。在这种情况下，热成像技术可以帮助识别局部发热区域，这些区域可能预示着疲劳裂纹的产生和扩展。与传统的疲劳测试方法相比，能量法具有时间效率高、所需试样少的特点，可为提高疲劳性能的设计和印刷参数提供有价值的见解。在这项研究中，在对不同类型的切口狗骨试样进行建模后，使用聚乳酸材料和类似的设置参数，用 FDM 打印机打印了这些试样。然后，对 3D 打印试样进行静态拉伸加载和分步疲劳测试，监测能量释放情况，以评估其疲劳性能。此外，我们还使用 Ansys 中的 ACP 模块对缺口试样进行建模，计算不同层内的应力。

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引用次数: 0