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Genetic engineering of cotton: current status and perspectives 棉花基因工程:现状与展望
Q3 Agricultural and Biological Sciences Pub Date : 2022-09-03 DOI: 10.30901/2658-6266-2022-2-o5
K. Smirnov, T. Matveeva, L. A. Lutova
Currently, several species of the genus Gossypium are cultivated in agriculture to produce fiber. Cotton has been cultivated for a long time, however, many aspects of its cultivation and processing are still researched. Writing about the cultivation of cotton, it is worth mentioning the fundamental problems of its processing. For example, the amounts of pesticides used in the cultivation of cotton are greater than for any other crop. Chemicals sprayed on cotton fields are washed away from the fields and, reaching the fresh water sources, pollute them, causing significant damage to the environment. Fortunately, such challenges can be solved by switching to the cultivation of transgenic cotton. Transgenic cotton has already brought many important environmental, social and economic benefits, including reduce of the used pesticides, indirectly increasing of yield, minimizing environmental pollution, reducing the labor force involved and economic costs.Today, the main methods of obtaining transgenic cotton lines are still agrobacterial transformation and biolistics. In recent years, however, innovative methods of transformation have also been developed. For example, the introduction of genetic material mediated by a pollen tube for the cultivation of commercial transgenic cotton is actively used in China. Although in recent decades transgenic lines resistant to diseases, abiotic stresses and with improved fiber quality have been obtained, the dominant position in the market of transgenic cotton is still occupied by lines of plants resistant to insects and herbicides. All the above indicates an insufficient degree of integration between institutes that introduce new advanced developments and agricultural industry.In this review the results of research involving the cultivation and genetic modification of cotton were collected and summarized. The main methods of genetic transformation of cultivated representatives of the genus Gossypium, both actively used at present and still under development, were considered. The most remarkable transgenic lines were also described, among which both those that have already entered agricultural industry and those that have only recently been obtained. Thus, the reader will be able to get a general idea of the current achievements in the field of cotton genetic modification.
目前,棉属的几个品种被用于农业生产纤维。棉花的种植历史悠久,但其栽培和加工的许多方面仍在研究中。写到棉花的种植,它的加工的基本问题是值得一提的。例如,种植棉花时使用的杀虫剂比种植任何其他作物都要多。喷洒在棉田上的化学药品被冲走,到达淡水水源,污染了淡水水源,对环境造成严重破坏。幸运的是,这些挑战可以通过转向转基因棉花的种植来解决。转基因棉花已经带来了许多重要的环境、社会和经济效益,包括减少农药的使用,间接提高产量,最大限度地减少环境污染,减少劳动力和经济成本。目前,获得转基因棉花品系的主要方法仍然是农杆菌转化和生物学。然而,近年来,创新的改造方法也被开发出来。例如,通过花粉管介导的遗传物质引入转基因棉花的培育在中国得到了积极的应用。虽然近几十年来已经获得了抗病、抗非生物胁迫、纤维品质提高的转基因棉花品系,但转基因棉花市场的主导地位仍然是抗虫、抗除草剂的品系。所有这些都表明,引进新的先进发展成果的研究所与农业产业之间的整合程度不够。本文对国内外有关棉花栽培和基因改造的研究成果进行了综述。综述了目前积极利用和开发中的棉属栽培代表植物遗传转化的主要方法。还介绍了最引人注目的转基因品系,其中既有已经进入农业生产的,也有最近才获得的。这样,读者就能对目前棉花转基因领域的成就有一个大致的了解。
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引用次数: 0
High-Throughput Digital Genotyping Tools for Panax ginseng Based on Diversity among 44 Complete Plastid Genomes 基于人参44个完整质体基因组多样性的高通量数字基因分型工具
Q3 Agricultural and Biological Sciences Pub Date : 2022-09-01 DOI: 10.9787/pbb.2022.10.3.174
Woojong Jang, Yeeun Jang, Woohyeon Cho, S. Lee, Hyeonah Shim, J. Park, Jiang Xu, Xiaofeng Shen, Baosheng Liao, Ick-Hyun Jo, Young Chang Kim, Tae-Jin Yang
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引用次数: 3
Agronomic Traits of a New Soybean Germplasm with Higher Ratio of Four-seeded Pods 一个四籽荚率较高的大豆新种质的农艺性状
Q3 Agricultural and Biological Sciences Pub Date : 2022-09-01 DOI: 10.9787/pbb.2022.10.3.197
Hyun Jo, Ammala Namsavanh, Chang-Ho Woo, Hwa-Yeong Kim, Syada Nizer Sultana, J. Song, Jeong-Dong Lee
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引用次数: 0
Heat Stress Induced Potato virus X-mediated CRISPR/Cas9 Genome Editing in Nicotiana benthamiana 热应激诱导的马铃薯病毒X介导的本氏烟草CRISPR/Cas9基因组编辑
Q3 Agricultural and Biological Sciences Pub Date : 2022-09-01 DOI: 10.9787/pbb.2022.10.3.186
J. Venkatesh, Seonhee Lee, Hwa-Jeong Kang, Se-Young Lee, Joung-Ho Lee, B. Kang
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引用次数: 2
Comparison of Physiological and Biochemical Responses of Two Poplar Species under Drought Stress 干旱胁迫下两种杨树生理生化响应的比较
Q3 Agricultural and Biological Sciences Pub Date : 2022-09-01 DOI: 10.9787/pbb.2022.10.3.145
Tae-Lim Kim, Kyun-Kyung Lee, Hwan-Su Hwang, C. Oh, I. Lee, Hye-Hyon Lim
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引用次数: 1
Development of SNP Markers for Identification of Squash F1 Hybrid Cultivars Using Fluidigm-Based Genotyping 应用流式细胞仪基因分型鉴定南瓜F1杂交品种的SNP标记的建立
Q3 Agricultural and Biological Sciences Pub Date : 2022-09-01 DOI: 10.9787/pbb.2022.10.3.163
Jong-Geun Park, Jeong-Eui Hong, M. A. Rahim, I. Nou
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引用次数: 0
Characterization of commercial common wheat cultivars for resistance to tan spot causative agent 商品普通小麦品种抗褐斑病菌的特性研究
Q3 Agricultural and Biological Sciences Pub Date : 2022-08-14 DOI: 10.30901/2658-6266-2022-2-o3
N. Kovalenko, E. Shaydayuk, E. Gultyaeva
Tan spot of wheat (pyrenophorosis) is a worldwide spread and economically significant disease of wheat. Growing resistant cultivars is an environmentally friendly method of disease control. The aim of the present work was to assess tan spot resistance in common wheat cultivars recommended for cultivation in the Russian Federation, and to identify the dominant Tsn1 allele using a molecular marker. The assessment involved 39 winter and 31 spring wheat cultivars included in the State Register of Selection Achievement in 2018-2020. Evaluation of wheat resistance was carried out in laboratory conditions under artificial inoculation of seedlings and leaf segments. Two isolates of Pyrenophora tritici-repentis (Died.) Drechs, producing ToxA toxin (I_ToxA) and ToxB toxin (ToxB) were used. The dominant allele of the Tsn1 gene was identified using the Xfcp623 marker. A high level of resistance (R) to both isolates (I_ToxA and I_ToxB) was shown by spring cultivars ‘Grenada’ and ‘Silach’; moderate resistance (MR) was demonstrated by winter cultivars ‘Felicia’ and ‘Akhmat’ and spring cultivars ‘Omskaya 42’, ‘Zauralskaya Zhemchuzhina’, ‘Radmira’, ‘Tarskaya 12’ and ‘Extra’. A resistant reaction (R, MR) to the isolate I_ToxA was typical for 26% of winter cultivars and 45% of spring ones. The number of cultivars resistant to the I_ToxB isolate was significantly higher (59% and 52%, respectively). The total fraction of cultivars resistant to the isolate I_ToxA (reaction R, MR) in the collection of winter wheat was 26% and 45% in the spring wheat collection; while the fractions of cultivars resistant to the I_ToxB isolate in these collections were equal to 59% and 52%, respectively. By using the Xfcp623 marker, the diagnostic product was amplified in winter cultivars ‘Bodry’, ‘Kavalerka’, ‘Timiryazevka 150’, ‘Shef’, ‘Anastasia’, ‘Barynya’, ‘Donskaya Step’, ‘Elanskaya’ and spring cultivars ‘Odeta’, ‘Stolypinskaya 2’, ‘Iren’ 2’ and ‘OMGAU 100’. All these cultivars were moderately susceptible to the isolate I_ToxA, with the exception of ‘Odeta’ and ‘Iren’ 2’, which may indicate a decrease in the expression level of the ToxA gene in genotypes of these cultivars.
小麦褐斑病是一种世界性的小麦病害,具有重要的经济意义。培育抗病品种是一种环境友好型的病害防治方法。本研究的目的是评估俄罗斯推荐栽培的普通小麦品种对黑斑病的抗性,并利用分子标记鉴定Tsn1显性等位基因。本次评估涉及2018-2020年国家选育成果名录中收录的39个冬小麦品种和31个春小麦品种。在室内条件下,对小麦幼苗和叶段进行人工接种,进行抗性评价。两株枯黄热菌(已死亡)使用了产ToxA毒素(I_ToxA)和ToxB毒素(ToxB)的Drechs。利用Xfcp623标记鉴定了Tsn1基因的显性等位基因。春季栽培品种‘Grenada’和‘Silach’对两种毒株(I_ToxA和I_ToxB)均有较高的抗性(R);冬季栽培品种Felicia和Akhmat以及春季栽培品种Omskaya 42、Zauralskaya Zhemchuzhina、Radmira、Tarskaya 12和Extra均表现出中度抗性。26%的冬稻品种和45%的春稻品种对I_ToxA有典型的抗性反应(R, MR)。对I_ToxB分离物具有抗性的品种数量显著增加(分别为59%和52%)。冬小麦中对I_ToxA分离物(反应R、MR)具有抗性的品种占26%,春小麦中占45%;而对I_ToxB分离物具有抗性的品种比例分别为59%和52%。利用Xfcp623标记,将诊断产物扩增到冬季品种‘Bodry’、‘Kavalerka’、‘Timiryazevka 150’、‘Shef’、‘Anastasia’、‘Barynya’、‘Donskaya Step’、‘Elanskaya’和春季品种‘Odeta’、‘Stolypinskaya 2’、‘Iren’2’和‘OMGAU 100’上。除“Odeta”和“Iren’2”外,其余品种均对I_ToxA有中度敏感,这可能表明这些品种的基因型中ToxA基因的表达量有所下降。
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引用次数: 1
On the results of the First Scientific Forum «Genetic Resources of Russia»: prospects for development, research and practical potential of bio-collections 关于第一届“俄罗斯遗传资源”科学论坛的成果:生物收集的发展、研究和实际潜力的前景
Q3 Agricultural and Biological Sciences Pub Date : 2022-08-02 DOI: 10.30901/2658-6266-2022-2-o4
I. Tikhonovich, D. Geltman, N. Chernetsov, N. Mikhailova, A. Glotov, V. K. Khlestkin, Y. Ukhatova, А. A. Zavarzin, A. Nizhnikov, E. Khlestkina
Nine separate scientific conferences and school-conferences dedicated to the conservation, development, study and practical use of biological collections of various types were held under the auspices of the First Scientific Forum “Genetic Resources of Russia”, which took place in Saint Petersburg on 21-24 June 2022. A total of more than 300 oral presentations were made at these events. The Forum plenary sessions, which included 25 lectures, attracted more than 1,500 participants. The development prospects, research and scientific-practical potential of biological collections were thoroughly discussed at the events of the Forum. The results of these discussions are presented in this publication in the form of a Forum resolution. The strategic role of biological collections for the conservation of genetic diversity, for the scientific and technological development of society and for the provision of educational processes is emphasized. This strategic framework, which should be developed and maintained, also makes it possible to implement practical tasks related to meeting the challenges in the field of food and environmental security, health care and technological independence in the rapidly developing spheres of the economy.
在首届“俄罗斯遗传资源”科学论坛的主持下,于2022年6月21日至24日在圣彼得堡举行了九次专门讨论保护、开发、研究和实际利用各类生物收藏品的独立科学会议和学校会议。这些活动共作了300多次口头报告。论坛全体会议包括25个讲座,吸引了1 500多名与会者。论坛对生物收藏的发展前景、研究和科学应用潜力进行了深入探讨。这些讨论的结果以论坛决议的形式发表在本出版物中。强调了生物收藏在保护遗传多样性、促进社会的科学和技术发展以及提供教育过程方面的战略作用。这一战略框架应当得到发展和维护,它还使我们能够执行与应对快速发展的经济领域中粮食和环境安全、保健和技术独立领域的挑战有关的实际任务。
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引用次数: 3
The first scientific forum «Genetic resources of Russia» - on legal regulation in the field of bioresources and biological collections 首届科学论坛“俄罗斯遗传资源”-关于生物资源和生物收藏领域的法律法规
Q3 Agricultural and Biological Sciences Pub Date : 2022-07-06 DOI: 10.30901/2658-6266-2022-2-o2
E. Khlestkina, M. Zakharova, A. Nizhnikov, D. Geltman, N. S. Chernetsov, N. Mikhailova, A. Glotov, V. K. Khlestkin, A. Zavarzin, A. A. Mokhov, I. Tikhonovich
The first scientific forum «Genetic Resources of Russia» took place in Saint Petersburg on 21-24 June 2022. The Forum brought together more than 500 specialists from more than 100 research institutions and universities of the Russian Federation. A round table «Regulations and standards of work with bio-resource collections» was organized within the framework of the Forum in connection with the relevance to create the legislation base for the work with biological collections and regulation of the activities of bioresource centres in the Russian Federation. This publication presents the outcomes of the Forum and its resolution relating to the legal regulation of biological collections.
首届“俄罗斯遗传资源”科学论坛于2022年6月21日至24日在圣彼得堡举行。论坛汇集了来自俄罗斯联邦100多个研究机构和大学的500多名专家。在论坛框架内举办了“生物资源收集工作的条例和标准”圆桌会议,讨论建立俄罗斯联邦生物资源收集工作的立法基础和对生物资源中心活动的管理的相关性。本出版物介绍了论坛的成果及其与生物收藏的法律规制有关的决议。
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引用次数: 4
Prospects for obtaining low-alkaloid and adaptive forms of narrow-leafed lupinе based on the genome and transcriptome resources of the species 基于该物种基因组和转录组资源获得低生物碱和适应性窄叶羽扇豆的前景
Q3 Agricultural and Biological Sciences Pub Date : 2022-06-27 DOI: 10.30901/2658-6266-2022-2-o1
M. Vishnyakova, E. Krylova
The narrow-leafed lupinе (Lupinus angustifolius L.) is considered as a crop of untapped opportunities. The food and forage potential of the species is not fully exploited due to the presence of quinolizidine alkaloids (QA) in plants, which are secondary metabolites that make the seeds bitter and toxic to humans and animals. Varieties with a low content of QA (“sweet” varieties) created over the last 50-60 years turned out to be more susceptible to damage by sucking insects and insect-transmitted viruses than high alkaloid ones (“bitter” varieties). Based on the rapidly developing genomic, transcriptomic and metabolomic profiling of the species, some molecular determinants and features of alkaloid biosynthesis in narrow-leafed lupinе plants have been identified: alkaloids are formed in the vegetative organs of the plant and then transported to the seeds. This information substantiated the creation of “bitter-sweet” forms with a high content of alkaloids in the vegetative parts of the plant, which would make it possible to reduce the attack of pathogens, and a minimal content of alkaloids in the seeds. This review summarizes the existing prerequisites for obtaining such forms of narrow-leafed lupinе on the basis of the available scientific developments. Information on the creation of saturated genetic maps of the species, in which the iucundus (iuc) locus determining the overall low alkaloid content in seeds is integrated and is used in breeding programs. The use of the new generation sequencing allowed the identification of the RAP2-7 gene, encoding the transcription factor APETALA2/ETHYLENE RESPONSE FACTOR, which is coupled to the iuc locus and located in the area with the main QTLs that affect the composition of the QA. It is a likely candidate gene for regulating alkaloid content in narrow-leafed lupinе seeds. The initial stages of QA biosynthesis and its regulatory factors have been revealed. Two reference assemblies of the genome of narrow-leafed lupinе have been carried out. All these achievements constitute a valuable resource for the creation of forms of narrow-leafed lupinе with a high content of alkaloids in the vegetative mass and low in the seeds, which are absent in nature.
窄叶羽扇豆(Lupinus angustifolius L.)被认为是一个未开发的机会作物。由于植物中存在喹诺齐啶生物碱(QA),该物种的食物和饲料潜力没有得到充分利用,喹诺齐啶生物碱是次生代谢物,使种子产生苦味并对人类和动物有毒。在过去50-60年间培育的低QA含量的品种(“甜”品种)比高生物碱的品种(“苦”品种)更容易受到吸血昆虫和昆虫传播病毒的损害。基于该物种快速发展的基因组学、转录组学和代谢组学分析,已经确定了窄叶羽扇豆属植物生物碱生物合成的一些分子决定因素和特征:生物碱在植物的营养器官中形成,然后转运到种子中。这一信息证实了植物营养部分生物碱含量高的“苦甜”形式的产生,这将有可能减少病原体的攻击,并且种子中生物碱含量最低。本文在现有科学进展的基础上,综述了获得这种窄叶羽扇豆素的先决条件。关于该物种饱和遗传图谱的创建信息,其中iucundus (iuc)位点决定了种子中总体低生物碱含量,并被整合并用于育种计划。利用新一代测序技术鉴定了RAP2-7基因,该基因编码转录因子APETALA2/乙烯响应因子,该基因偶联于iuc位点,位于影响QA组成的主要qtl所在区域。它可能是调节窄叶羽扇豆种子生物碱含量的候选基因。揭示了QA生物合成的初始阶段及其调控因子。对窄叶羽扇豆的基因组进行了两个参考组装。所有这些成果为培育具有高生物碱含量的营养体和低生物碱含量的窄叶羽扇豆属植物提供了宝贵的资源,这是自然界所缺乏的。
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引用次数: 1
期刊
Plant breeding and biotechnology
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