Hui Wang, Xiaotu Chang, Yan Zhang, Lu Wang, Lili Hu, Nan Deng, Jijun Qin, Feifei Zhong, Ben Li, Fangyun Xie, Dan Ran, Lei Lv, Peng Zhou
Adulteration of high-value oils such as olive and camellia oil poses serious challenges to market integrity and consumer safety. This study develops a comprehensive, model-free marker library for high-throughput detection of single and multivariate adulteration across nine vegetable oils (olive, camellia, sesame, rapeseed, flaxseed, soybean, peanut, industrial hemp seed, and sunflower seed oils) using untargeted metabolomics via UHPLC-Q-TOF-MS. We identified 34 characteristic markers, including 9 confirmed by reference standards, such as hydroxytyrosol in olive oil, camelliasaponins in camellia oil, and sesamin in sesame oil, which are uniquely present in specific oils and absent in others. The method enables reliable qualitative screening of adulteration at levels as low as 5% without dependence on chemometric models. Validation using binary and multicomponent blends confirmed its robustness and specificity. In commercial sample analysis, adulteration was detected in 16.0% of olive oils (4/25) and 12.7% of camellia oils (7/55), with results consistent with regulatory findings. This work establishes the first integrated marker library for simultaneous screening of nine vegetable oils, offering a standardized, high-throughput tool for large-scale market surveillance that bridges the gap between discovery-based omics and routine regulatory practice.
{"title":"A High-Throughput, Model-Free Marker Library Approach for Multivariate Adulteration Detection in Vegetable Oils: From Metabolomic Discovery to Regulatory Screening","authors":"Hui Wang, Xiaotu Chang, Yan Zhang, Lu Wang, Lili Hu, Nan Deng, Jijun Qin, Feifei Zhong, Ben Li, Fangyun Xie, Dan Ran, Lei Lv, Peng Zhou","doi":"10.3390/pr14030576","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/pr14030576","url":null,"abstract":"Adulteration of high-value oils such as olive and camellia oil poses serious challenges to market integrity and consumer safety. This study develops a comprehensive, model-free marker library for high-throughput detection of single and multivariate adulteration across nine vegetable oils (olive, camellia, sesame, rapeseed, flaxseed, soybean, peanut, industrial hemp seed, and sunflower seed oils) using untargeted metabolomics via UHPLC-Q-TOF-MS. We identified 34 characteristic markers, including 9 confirmed by reference standards, such as hydroxytyrosol in olive oil, camelliasaponins in camellia oil, and sesamin in sesame oil, which are uniquely present in specific oils and absent in others. The method enables reliable qualitative screening of adulteration at levels as low as 5% without dependence on chemometric models. Validation using binary and multicomponent blends confirmed its robustness and specificity. In commercial sample analysis, adulteration was detected in 16.0% of olive oils (4/25) and 12.7% of camellia oils (7/55), with results consistent with regulatory findings. This work establishes the first integrated marker library for simultaneous screening of nine vegetable oils, offering a standardized, high-throughput tool for large-scale market surveillance that bridges the gap between discovery-based omics and routine regulatory practice.","PeriodicalId":20597,"journal":{"name":"Processes","volume":"14 3","pages":"576-576"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-02-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.mdpi.com/2227-9717/14/3/576/pdf?version=1770789813","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147381940","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Nasen Bate, Xiuying Yang, Shuangqin Li, Jingxu Yang, Xue Li, Fuduo He, D-Y Xu, Z. Yan, Benhe Zhong, Xinlong Wang
To achieve the upcycling of annually upsurging lignocellulosic wastes, the artificial humification of furfural residue is investigated under hydrothermal conditions with the objective of producing a high-concentration nitrogen-phosphorus-potassium (NPK) suspension fertilizer. Through orthogonal analysis, process conditions are optimized as a liquid-to-solid (aqueous KOH to furfural residue) ratio of 15, a reaction time of 5 h and a hydrothermal temperature of 160 °C. Subsequently, we screen out a formulation of suspension agents to stabilize the alkaline leachate, in which 0.50% sodium lignosulfonate, 0.20% xanthan gum and 0.05% potassium sorbate are incorporated via wet ball-milling. The Herschel–Bulkley equation well fits the rheological characteristics of the resulting suspension fertilizer with R2 value exceeding 0.99. This suspension system is thus determined as one pseudoplastic non-Newtonian fluid. Due to higher static viscosity, it demonstrates superior anti-agglomeration capacity within a temperature range of 15–55 °C, while flowing smoothly through pipes during high-speed spraying onto the soil relied on its shear thinning. These findings provide novel insights for the high-value utilization of bio-waste and the development of new fertilizers with less consumption of energy and water.
{"title":"Furfural Residue to Rheology Accessible Suspension Fertilizer upon Artificial Humification","authors":"Nasen Bate, Xiuying Yang, Shuangqin Li, Jingxu Yang, Xue Li, Fuduo He, D-Y Xu, Z. Yan, Benhe Zhong, Xinlong Wang","doi":"10.3390/pr14010050","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/pr14010050","url":null,"abstract":"To achieve the upcycling of annually upsurging lignocellulosic wastes, the artificial humification of furfural residue is investigated under hydrothermal conditions with the objective of producing a high-concentration nitrogen-phosphorus-potassium (NPK) suspension fertilizer. Through orthogonal analysis, process conditions are optimized as a liquid-to-solid (aqueous KOH to furfural residue) ratio of 15, a reaction time of 5 h and a hydrothermal temperature of 160 °C. Subsequently, we screen out a formulation of suspension agents to stabilize the alkaline leachate, in which 0.50% sodium lignosulfonate, 0.20% xanthan gum and 0.05% potassium sorbate are incorporated via wet ball-milling. The Herschel–Bulkley equation well fits the rheological characteristics of the resulting suspension fertilizer with R2 value exceeding 0.99. This suspension system is thus determined as one pseudoplastic non-Newtonian fluid. Due to higher static viscosity, it demonstrates superior anti-agglomeration capacity within a temperature range of 15–55 °C, while flowing smoothly through pipes during high-speed spraying onto the soil relied on its shear thinning. These findings provide novel insights for the high-value utilization of bio-waste and the development of new fertilizers with less consumption of energy and water.","PeriodicalId":20597,"journal":{"name":"Processes","volume":"14 1","pages":"50-50"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-12-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.mdpi.com/2227-9717/14/1/50/pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147333443","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Utilizing abundant volcanic rock resources as supplementary cementitious materials is a critical pathway for regional low-carbon construction. However, the high crystallinity of natural volcanic rocks limits their reactivity. This study systematically investigates the regulation mechanisms of Triethanolamine (TEA) and Triisopropanolamine (TIPA) on the hydration kinetics and microstructure of a cement system containing Volcanic Rock Powder (VRP) thermally treated at 700 °C. Dissolution kinetics reveal that both TEA and TIPA inhibit Si release but exhibit distinct structural selectivity in promoting metal ion dissolution: TEA demonstrates superior efficiency in promoting the release of Al and Ca ions due to lower steric hindrance, whereas TIPA exhibits a stronger specific activation capacity for insoluble Fe, which is likely attributed to the electron-donating inductive effect. Macroscopic tests show that TEA at 0.05% dosage significantly improved the 28-day compressive strength by 20.4%, attributed to the synergistic effect of efficient chemical activation and pore structure refinement. In contrast, the stronger surface activity of TIPA introduced substantial detrimental macropores; this deterioration in physical structure severely offset its chemical contributions, leading to slow late-age strength development. The study highlights the critical trade-off between chemical activation and microstructural evolution, confirming that TEA is a more suitable activator than TIPA for the Al/Fe-rich thermally treated VRP.
{"title":"Regulation Mechanism of Alkanolamines on Hydration and Microstructural Evolution of Thermally Treated Volcanic Rock Powder–Cement System","authors":"Jingbin Yang, S. Wang, Fanyuan Mu, Zhenping Sun","doi":"10.3390/pr14010022","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/pr14010022","url":null,"abstract":"Utilizing abundant volcanic rock resources as supplementary cementitious materials is a critical pathway for regional low-carbon construction. However, the high crystallinity of natural volcanic rocks limits their reactivity. This study systematically investigates the regulation mechanisms of Triethanolamine (TEA) and Triisopropanolamine (TIPA) on the hydration kinetics and microstructure of a cement system containing Volcanic Rock Powder (VRP) thermally treated at 700 °C. Dissolution kinetics reveal that both TEA and TIPA inhibit Si release but exhibit distinct structural selectivity in promoting metal ion dissolution: TEA demonstrates superior efficiency in promoting the release of Al and Ca ions due to lower steric hindrance, whereas TIPA exhibits a stronger specific activation capacity for insoluble Fe, which is likely attributed to the electron-donating inductive effect. Macroscopic tests show that TEA at 0.05% dosage significantly improved the 28-day compressive strength by 20.4%, attributed to the synergistic effect of efficient chemical activation and pore structure refinement. In contrast, the stronger surface activity of TIPA introduced substantial detrimental macropores; this deterioration in physical structure severely offset its chemical contributions, leading to slow late-age strength development. The study highlights the critical trade-off between chemical activation and microstructural evolution, confirming that TEA is a more suitable activator than TIPA for the Al/Fe-rich thermally treated VRP.","PeriodicalId":20597,"journal":{"name":"Processes","volume":"14 1","pages":"22-22"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-12-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.mdpi.com/2227-9717/14/1/22/pdf?version=1766219989","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147333090","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Tingting Cheng, Jinyi Wang, Huaizhu Liu, Jun Ding, Yuting Ren, Xinhao Gong
In the field of enhanced oil recovery in low-permeability reservoirs, the application of nanomaterials has attracted widespread attention. However, conventional nanomaterials exhibit issues such as large particle size and poor dispersion stability. This study selected SiO2 nanoparticles with a particle size of 10 nm and combined them with 12 types of commonly used oilfield surfactants. After aging at 120 °C for 48 h, using dispersion stability and interfacial tension (IFT) as evaluation criteria, hexadecyltrimethylammonium bromide (CTAB) was ultimately identified as the optimal modifier. The structure and morphology of the SiO2 particles were characterized in detail using X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). The system evaluated the dispersion stability of nanofluids before and after modification, as well as the interfacial properties (IFT reduced to the 10−1 mN/m range) and wettability (oil-wet surfaces reversed to strongly water-wet, with contact angles decreasing to 30°) of nanofluids with different modification degrees. Considering economic factors, the modified nano-SiO2 system with a ratio of 1:0.5 was selected. Microvisualization experiments revealed that the modified nanoscale system achieves residual oil displacement through three mechanisms: emulsification (reducing residual oil droplet size to enhance mobility), wetting reversal (lowering contact angle to weaken adhesion), and structural separation pressure (counteracting capillary forces to destabilize residual oil). Displacement experiments reveal that in rock cores with permeability ranging from 1 to 100 mD, the modified system exhibits a recovery rate trend that initially increases and then decreases. Nevertheless, it consistently enhances recovery rates, maintaining them above 12%, demonstrating strong application potential.
{"title":"Study on Enhanced Oil Recovery and Microscopic Mechanisms in Low-Permeability Reservoirs Using Nano-SiO2/CTAB System","authors":"Tingting Cheng, Jinyi Wang, Huaizhu Liu, Jun Ding, Yuting Ren, Xinhao Gong","doi":"10.3390/pr13123862","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/pr13123862","url":null,"abstract":"In the field of enhanced oil recovery in low-permeability reservoirs, the application of nanomaterials has attracted widespread attention. However, conventional nanomaterials exhibit issues such as large particle size and poor dispersion stability. This study selected SiO2 nanoparticles with a particle size of 10 nm and combined them with 12 types of commonly used oilfield surfactants. After aging at 120 °C for 48 h, using dispersion stability and interfacial tension (IFT) as evaluation criteria, hexadecyltrimethylammonium bromide (CTAB) was ultimately identified as the optimal modifier. The structure and morphology of the SiO2 particles were characterized in detail using X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). The system evaluated the dispersion stability of nanofluids before and after modification, as well as the interfacial properties (IFT reduced to the 10−1 mN/m range) and wettability (oil-wet surfaces reversed to strongly water-wet, with contact angles decreasing to 30°) of nanofluids with different modification degrees. Considering economic factors, the modified nano-SiO2 system with a ratio of 1:0.5 was selected. Microvisualization experiments revealed that the modified nanoscale system achieves residual oil displacement through three mechanisms: emulsification (reducing residual oil droplet size to enhance mobility), wetting reversal (lowering contact angle to weaken adhesion), and structural separation pressure (counteracting capillary forces to destabilize residual oil). Displacement experiments reveal that in rock cores with permeability ranging from 1 to 100 mD, the modified system exhibits a recovery rate trend that initially increases and then decreases. Nevertheless, it consistently enhances recovery rates, maintaining them above 12%, demonstrating strong application potential.","PeriodicalId":20597,"journal":{"name":"Processes","volume":"13 12","pages":"3862-3862"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-11-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147333939","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
High-performance self-powered ultraviolet (UV) photodetectors (PDs) based on mixed-dimensional 3D BiOCl nanosheet array/2D ZnO nanoparticle films heterojunction were fabricated via facile spin-coating and impregnation methods. Under zero bias, compared to the pristine ZnO PD exhibiting a large dark current (≈2 μA) and slow response time (>20 s/>20 s), the optimized 2-BiOCl-ZnO heterojunction PD demonstrated a dramatically suppressed dark current (≈1 nA), along with an ultrahigh on/off ratio (22,748) and a shorter response time (17.44 ms/14 ms) under 365 nm light illumination. This optimized device also achieved a remarkable responsivity of 1.08 A·W−1 and a detectivity of 2.48 × 1013 Jones at 354 nm. The built-in electric field formed at the BiOCl-ZnO heterojunction interface, the improved light absorption enabled by the mixed-dimensional heterostructure, and the optimized charge carrier separation and transport within the device were responsible for the enhanced self-powered performance. Due to its fascinating photoelectric properties, this PD was applied as a self-powered signal receiver in a UV optical communication system, demonstrating the ability to achieve efficient and high-speed message transmission. The rational construction of BiOCl-based heterojunction has proved to be an efficient pathway to achieving self-powered photodetection. These results demonstrate that the rational construction of heterojunctions holds great potential for fabricating high-performance PDs.
{"title":"Mixed-Dimensional 3D BiOCl Nanosheet Arrays/2D ZnO Nanoparticle Film Heterojunction Photodetectors with High Self-Powered Performance for Light Communication","authors":"Mingmin Zhang, Weixin Ouyang","doi":"10.3390/pr13113428","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/pr13113428","url":null,"abstract":"High-performance self-powered ultraviolet (UV) photodetectors (PDs) based on mixed-dimensional 3D BiOCl nanosheet array/2D ZnO nanoparticle films heterojunction were fabricated via facile spin-coating and impregnation methods. Under zero bias, compared to the pristine ZnO PD exhibiting a large dark current (≈2 μA) and slow response time (>20 s/>20 s), the optimized 2-BiOCl-ZnO heterojunction PD demonstrated a dramatically suppressed dark current (≈1 nA), along with an ultrahigh on/off ratio (22,748) and a shorter response time (17.44 ms/14 ms) under 365 nm light illumination. This optimized device also achieved a remarkable responsivity of 1.08 A·W−1 and a detectivity of 2.48 × 1013 Jones at 354 nm. The built-in electric field formed at the BiOCl-ZnO heterojunction interface, the improved light absorption enabled by the mixed-dimensional heterostructure, and the optimized charge carrier separation and transport within the device were responsible for the enhanced self-powered performance. Due to its fascinating photoelectric properties, this PD was applied as a self-powered signal receiver in a UV optical communication system, demonstrating the ability to achieve efficient and high-speed message transmission. The rational construction of BiOCl-based heterojunction has proved to be an efficient pathway to achieving self-powered photodetection. These results demonstrate that the rational construction of heterojunctions holds great potential for fabricating high-performance PDs.","PeriodicalId":20597,"journal":{"name":"Processes","volume":"13 11","pages":"3428-3428"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-10-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147334043","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Qingqing Liu, Yan Lv, Yu Zhou, Min Liu, Hao Feng, Caihong Shen, Hongwei Wang, Xiaonian Cao, Kan Jian-quan
Tea-flavor baijiu, in which the aroma combines the tea note and the typical profile of baijiu, has brought a fresh flavor to the market. Yet its flavor evolution during the storage period and the associated changes in volatile compounds remain poorly characterized. To systematically address the flavor profile dynamics during storage, the study evaluated tea-flavor baijiu of varying ages using integrated sensory and instrumental analyses. Through napping with ultra-flash profiling (Napping-UFP) and check-all-that-apply (CATA), the sensory attributes from aroma, flavor, and mouthfeel profiles of tea-flavor baijiu were established, and quantitative descriptive analysis (QDA) was employed to distinguish the distinct sensory profiles among samples with different aging durations. The overall aroma patterns were examined using an electronic nose (E-nose), and the distinction of sample A401 with the longest storage period was notable. Headspace gas chromatography–ion mobility spectrometry (HS-GC-IMS) and headspace solid-phase microextraction–gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (HS-SPME-GC-MS) were used to identify and quantify the volatile compounds, while aging notably altered volatile composition with increased ester levels and reduced alcohol content; hence, the short-aged (one to three years), mid-aged (four to six years), and long-aged (seven and eight years) samples could be easily differentiated. Through the analysis of the data, 12 key odor-active compounds, namely (E)-2-methyl-2-butenal, ethyl caproate, 3-methylbutanal, 2-pentanone, ethyl acetate, ethyl heptanoate, ethyl 2-methylbutanoate, ethyl pentanoate, ethyl butyrate, ethyl hexanoate, ethyl octanoate, and 2,4-di-tert-butylphenol, were identified as major contributors to shifts. Furthermore, Pearson correlation analysis revealed a strong negative association between the accumulation of esters and the intensity of tea aroma in long-aged samples, clarifying the chemical mechanism underlying the diminished tea note in aged tea-flavor baijiu. This study provides new insights into the impact of aging on the flavor profile of tea-flavor baijiu and offers a scientific foundation for improving its production, storage, and quality management.
{"title":"Elucidation of Flavor Profile Dynamics in Tea-Flavor Baijiu During Long-Term Storage Using Sensory Evaluation, Electronic Nose, HS-GC-IMS, and HS-SPME-GC-MS","authors":"Qingqing Liu, Yan Lv, Yu Zhou, Min Liu, Hao Feng, Caihong Shen, Hongwei Wang, Xiaonian Cao, Kan Jian-quan","doi":"10.3390/pr13103359","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/pr13103359","url":null,"abstract":"Tea-flavor baijiu, in which the aroma combines the tea note and the typical profile of baijiu, has brought a fresh flavor to the market. Yet its flavor evolution during the storage period and the associated changes in volatile compounds remain poorly characterized. To systematically address the flavor profile dynamics during storage, the study evaluated tea-flavor baijiu of varying ages using integrated sensory and instrumental analyses. Through napping with ultra-flash profiling (Napping-UFP) and check-all-that-apply (CATA), the sensory attributes from aroma, flavor, and mouthfeel profiles of tea-flavor baijiu were established, and quantitative descriptive analysis (QDA) was employed to distinguish the distinct sensory profiles among samples with different aging durations. The overall aroma patterns were examined using an electronic nose (E-nose), and the distinction of sample A401 with the longest storage period was notable. Headspace gas chromatography–ion mobility spectrometry (HS-GC-IMS) and headspace solid-phase microextraction–gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (HS-SPME-GC-MS) were used to identify and quantify the volatile compounds, while aging notably altered volatile composition with increased ester levels and reduced alcohol content; hence, the short-aged (one to three years), mid-aged (four to six years), and long-aged (seven and eight years) samples could be easily differentiated. Through the analysis of the data, 12 key odor-active compounds, namely (E)-2-methyl-2-butenal, ethyl caproate, 3-methylbutanal, 2-pentanone, ethyl acetate, ethyl heptanoate, ethyl 2-methylbutanoate, ethyl pentanoate, ethyl butyrate, ethyl hexanoate, ethyl octanoate, and 2,4-di-tert-butylphenol, were identified as major contributors to shifts. Furthermore, Pearson correlation analysis revealed a strong negative association between the accumulation of esters and the intensity of tea aroma in long-aged samples, clarifying the chemical mechanism underlying the diminished tea note in aged tea-flavor baijiu. This study provides new insights into the impact of aging on the flavor profile of tea-flavor baijiu and offers a scientific foundation for improving its production, storage, and quality management.","PeriodicalId":20597,"journal":{"name":"Processes","volume":"13 10","pages":"3359-3359"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-10-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147331028","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Hong‐Li Guo, Junchi Wang, Guoning Li, Qiangqiang Xiao, Hui Li
Melting leakage and low thermal conductivity of stearic acid (SA) restrict its application in thermal storage. In this work, a shape-stabilized phase change material (ECNX/SA) with enhanced thermal storage performance and photothermal conversion is designed based on expanded graphite/chitin-derived carbon (ECNX). Thermal storage performance, including phase change temperature, enthalpy, thermal conductivity and shape stability, of ECNX/SA is investigated. With this, the influence mechanism of ECNX on the thermal storage performance is characterized via N2 isothermal adsorption–desorption, FTIR, XRD and SEM. Results show that the prepared ECN15/SA has ideal thermal storage performance, where its phase change enthalpy and thermal conductivity are 121.59 J/g and 1.573 W/(m·K), respectively, and possesses superior shape stability. Moreover, the thermal storage performance of ECN15/SA keeps stable even undergoing several thermal cycles, and its photothermal conversion is as high as 89.2%. Characterizations suggest that ECN15 with a hierarchical pore structure and a high graphitization degree to enhance the shape stability and thermal conductivity of SA. Therefore, the prepared ECN15/SA is potential using in thermal storage.
{"title":"Shape-Stabilized Stearic Acid/Expanded Graphite/Chitin-Derived Carbon Phase Change Materials for Enhanced Thermal Storage Performance and Photothermal Conversion","authors":"Hong‐Li Guo, Junchi Wang, Guoning Li, Qiangqiang Xiao, Hui Li","doi":"10.3390/pr13103335","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/pr13103335","url":null,"abstract":"Melting leakage and low thermal conductivity of stearic acid (SA) restrict its application in thermal storage. In this work, a shape-stabilized phase change material (ECNX/SA) with enhanced thermal storage performance and photothermal conversion is designed based on expanded graphite/chitin-derived carbon (ECNX). Thermal storage performance, including phase change temperature, enthalpy, thermal conductivity and shape stability, of ECNX/SA is investigated. With this, the influence mechanism of ECNX on the thermal storage performance is characterized via N2 isothermal adsorption–desorption, FTIR, XRD and SEM. Results show that the prepared ECN15/SA has ideal thermal storage performance, where its phase change enthalpy and thermal conductivity are 121.59 J/g and 1.573 W/(m·K), respectively, and possesses superior shape stability. Moreover, the thermal storage performance of ECN15/SA keeps stable even undergoing several thermal cycles, and its photothermal conversion is as high as 89.2%. Characterizations suggest that ECN15 with a hierarchical pore structure and a high graphitization degree to enhance the shape stability and thermal conductivity of SA. Therefore, the prepared ECN15/SA is potential using in thermal storage.","PeriodicalId":20597,"journal":{"name":"Processes","volume":"13 10","pages":"3335-3335"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-10-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147331336","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
With the rapid development of communication, electronics, medical, and energy industries in modern society, film capacitors have garnered widespread attention and undergone significant growth. However, the low energy density (Ue) resulting from low breakdown strength (Eb) significantly limits the application of thin-film capacitors. In this work, we use a low-cost and effective dip-coating method to apply boron nitride (BN) layers onto the outer layers of poly(vinylidene fluoride-co-hexafluoropropylene)/barium titanate (P(VDF-HFP)/BT) composite films to prepare boron nitride-poly(vinylidene fluoride-co-hexafluoropropylene/barium titanate-boron nitride (BN-P(VDF-HFP)/BT-BN) composite films with a sandwich structure that exhibits extremely high Eb and Ue. The experimental results show that the sandwich-structured BN-P(VDF-HFP)/BT-BN films containing 7.5 wt% BT nanoparticles obtained 530 MV/m Eb and 18.12 J/cm3 Ue, both of which are much higher than those of the corresponding monolayer films. In addition, the finite element simulation results show that the designed sandwich-structured films can reduce local field strength distortion, decrease leakage current, and suppress the development of breakdown channels, thereby significantly improving Eb and Ue. In summary, this study presents a low-cost and effective method for enhancing the breakdown strength and energy density of thin-film capacitors.
{"title":"Enhancing Breakdown Field Strength and Energy Density in Sandwich-Structured P(VDF-HFP)/BT Films with BN Coating","authors":"Ying Cheng, Xueting Bai, Zhenyu Lu, Ruijue Wang, Wei Wang, Ruizhou Guo, Yudong Xu, Zhipeng Lei","doi":"10.3390/pr13103295","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/pr13103295","url":null,"abstract":"With the rapid development of communication, electronics, medical, and energy industries in modern society, film capacitors have garnered widespread attention and undergone significant growth. However, the low energy density (Ue) resulting from low breakdown strength (Eb) significantly limits the application of thin-film capacitors. In this work, we use a low-cost and effective dip-coating method to apply boron nitride (BN) layers onto the outer layers of poly(vinylidene fluoride-co-hexafluoropropylene)/barium titanate (P(VDF-HFP)/BT) composite films to prepare boron nitride-poly(vinylidene fluoride-co-hexafluoropropylene/barium titanate-boron nitride (BN-P(VDF-HFP)/BT-BN) composite films with a sandwich structure that exhibits extremely high Eb and Ue. The experimental results show that the sandwich-structured BN-P(VDF-HFP)/BT-BN films containing 7.5 wt% BT nanoparticles obtained 530 MV/m Eb and 18.12 J/cm3 Ue, both of which are much higher than those of the corresponding monolayer films. In addition, the finite element simulation results show that the designed sandwich-structured films can reduce local field strength distortion, decrease leakage current, and suppress the development of breakdown channels, thereby significantly improving Eb and Ue. In summary, this study presents a low-cost and effective method for enhancing the breakdown strength and energy density of thin-film capacitors.","PeriodicalId":20597,"journal":{"name":"Processes","volume":"13 10","pages":"3295-3295"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-10-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147332280","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Identifying suitable catalyst types and efficient loading methods remains a key research challenge for implementing the in situ catalytic pyrolysis of tar-rich coal. This study investigated a lignite and a gas coal, employing NiCl2 solution for Ni2+ catalyst loading via room-temperature impregnation and hydrothermal treatment on coal particles sized 6–13 mm. The efficiency of Ni2+ loading through hydrothermal treatment and the characteristics of pyrolysis product distribution and composition before and after treatment were examined. The results indicated that after NiCl2 solution impregnation, the Ni2+ content in lignite increased from nearly undetectable to over 20 mg/g, whereas in gas coal, it only rose to less than 2 mg/g. Ion exchange is hypothesized to be a primary pathway for Ni2+ loading into coal. After hydrothermal treatment at 170 °C, the Ni2+ loadings in lignite and gas coal reached 33.6 and 1.45 mg/g, respectively. The loaded Ni2+ exhibited distinct catalytic effects on the two coals. For lignite, Ni2+ catalyzed the deoxygenation of oxygen-containing compounds and the aromatization of aliphatic hydrocarbons. For gas coal, hydrothermal treatment with NiCl2 solution at 170 and 220 °C promoted hydrogen transfer reactions, resulting in an increase in tar yield from 10.67% to 11.30% and 11.64%, respectively. Also, the H2 yield decreased, accompanied by a decrease in aromatic hydrocarbons and an increase in phenolic compounds within the tar.
{"title":"Loading of Ni2+ in Coal by Hydrothermal Treatment to Conduct Catalytic Pyrolysis Under the Context of In Situ Pyrolysis","authors":"Xiao Li, Xiaodan Wu, Yushi Li, Ying Tang, Yue Zhang, Shixin Jiang, Jinfang Cui, Chao Wang, Zhibing Chang","doi":"10.3390/pr13103086","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/pr13103086","url":null,"abstract":"Identifying suitable catalyst types and efficient loading methods remains a key research challenge for implementing the in situ catalytic pyrolysis of tar-rich coal. This study investigated a lignite and a gas coal, employing NiCl2 solution for Ni2+ catalyst loading via room-temperature impregnation and hydrothermal treatment on coal particles sized 6–13 mm. The efficiency of Ni2+ loading through hydrothermal treatment and the characteristics of pyrolysis product distribution and composition before and after treatment were examined. The results indicated that after NiCl2 solution impregnation, the Ni2+ content in lignite increased from nearly undetectable to over 20 mg/g, whereas in gas coal, it only rose to less than 2 mg/g. Ion exchange is hypothesized to be a primary pathway for Ni2+ loading into coal. After hydrothermal treatment at 170 °C, the Ni2+ loadings in lignite and gas coal reached 33.6 and 1.45 mg/g, respectively. The loaded Ni2+ exhibited distinct catalytic effects on the two coals. For lignite, Ni2+ catalyzed the deoxygenation of oxygen-containing compounds and the aromatization of aliphatic hydrocarbons. For gas coal, hydrothermal treatment with NiCl2 solution at 170 and 220 °C promoted hydrogen transfer reactions, resulting in an increase in tar yield from 10.67% to 11.30% and 11.64%, respectively. Also, the H2 yield decreased, accompanied by a decrease in aromatic hydrocarbons and an increase in phenolic compounds within the tar.","PeriodicalId":20597,"journal":{"name":"Processes","volume":"13 10","pages":"3086-3086"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-09-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147332673","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Z.-L. Li, Yang Shao, Frances Xin, Chun Li, Jilong Zhang, Xi Li, Min Luo, Diandou Xu, Lingling Ma
Rare earth elements (REEs) have significant application value in the quality control of nuclear materials and in traceability research in nuclear forensics. Methods were developed for the determination of REEs in uranium-bearing nuclear materials. The digestion parameters for uranium oxides and uranium ores, such as the digestion acid, digestion temperature, and digestion time, were optimized and reported. The optimized digestion parameters for uranium oxides were 2 mL HNO3 at 160 °C for 3 h, and those for uranium ores were 7 mL mixed acid (HNO3–HClO4–HF = 5:5:3) at 180 °C for 36 h. Two digestion methods were demonstrated to be effective for the quantitative recovery of REEs. The suitable system and specifications for different resin columns were investigated to achieve a high decontamination factor of U (105) by UTEVA resin. The corresponding loading system was 10 mL 4 M HNO3, and the elution system was 6 mL 4 M HNO3. Additionally, the analysis of ultra-trace REEs in high-uranium matrices was accomplished using two UTEVA resins. The developed methods were subjected to the Cochran test and the Grubbs test, and the relative standard deviation (RSD) for all REEs was below 6%. In uranium oxide samples with different spiked amounts, the recovery of REEs exceeded 80% in all cases, and the RSDs were all less than 10%. The method’s detection limits were below 10 ppt for all REEs (except for Ce), ensuring the accurate measurement of REEs in uranium-bearing nuclear materials.
稀土元素在核材料质量控制和核法医溯源研究中具有重要的应用价值。建立了含铀核材料中稀土元素的测定方法。对铀氧化物和铀矿石的溶出酸、溶出温度、溶出时间等参数进行了优化并进行了报道。优化的溶出铀氧化物的参数为2ml HNO3在160℃下溶出3 h，铀矿石的溶出参数为7ml混合酸（HNO3 - hclo4 - hf = 5:5:3）在180℃下溶出36 h。两种溶出方法均能有效地定量回收稀土。为使UTEVA树脂达到高的去污系数U(105)，研究了不同树脂柱的合适体系和规格。相应的上样体系为10 mL 4 M HNO3，洗脱体系为6 mL 4 M HNO3。此外，用两种UTEVA树脂对高铀基质中的超痕量稀土元素进行了分析。所建立的方法经Cochran检验和Grubbs检验，所有稀土元素的相对标准偏差（RSD）均在6%以下。在不同加标量的氧化铀样品中，稀土元素的回收率均大于80%，rsd均小于10%。该方法对除Ce外的所有稀土元素的检出限均在10ppt以下，保证了对含铀核材料中稀土元素的准确测量。
{"title":"Analysis of Trace Rare Earth Elements in Uranium-Bearing Nuclear Materials","authors":"Z.-L. Li, Yang Shao, Frances Xin, Chun Li, Jilong Zhang, Xi Li, Min Luo, Diandou Xu, Lingling Ma","doi":"10.3390/pr13103089","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/pr13103089","url":null,"abstract":"Rare earth elements (REEs) have significant application value in the quality control of nuclear materials and in traceability research in nuclear forensics. Methods were developed for the determination of REEs in uranium-bearing nuclear materials. The digestion parameters for uranium oxides and uranium ores, such as the digestion acid, digestion temperature, and digestion time, were optimized and reported. The optimized digestion parameters for uranium oxides were 2 mL HNO3 at 160 °C for 3 h, and those for uranium ores were 7 mL mixed acid (HNO3–HClO4–HF = 5:5:3) at 180 °C for 36 h. Two digestion methods were demonstrated to be effective for the quantitative recovery of REEs. The suitable system and specifications for different resin columns were investigated to achieve a high decontamination factor of U (105) by UTEVA resin. The corresponding loading system was 10 mL 4 M HNO3, and the elution system was 6 mL 4 M HNO3. Additionally, the analysis of ultra-trace REEs in high-uranium matrices was accomplished using two UTEVA resins. The developed methods were subjected to the Cochran test and the Grubbs test, and the relative standard deviation (RSD) for all REEs was below 6%. In uranium oxide samples with different spiked amounts, the recovery of REEs exceeded 80% in all cases, and the RSDs were all less than 10%. The method’s detection limits were below 10 ppt for all REEs (except for Ce), ensuring the accurate measurement of REEs in uranium-bearing nuclear materials.","PeriodicalId":20597,"journal":{"name":"Processes","volume":"13 10","pages":"3089-3089"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-09-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.mdpi.com/2227-9717/13/10/3089/pdf?version=1758900194","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147333986","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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