Kayshavi Bakshi, Muzhi Li, Muneeza Ahmad, Mason Mahaffey, Nicholas Rolston
We report on the use of open-air blade-coating as a scalable method for producing metal halide perovskite films with >10× fracture energy for durability and mechanical stability through the addition of corn starch polymer additives. This results in a manufacturable and robust perovskite that has tunable thicknesses exceeding 10 µm, among the highest reported values for solution-processed polycrystalline films. We find that an increasing amount of starch causes more uniform carbon distribution within the perovskite thickness as quantified by cross-sectional elemental composition measurements. Further, the incorporation of starch introduces beneficial compressive film stresses. Importantly, the optoelectronic behavior is not compromised, as the photoluminescence spectrum becomes more homogenous with the addition of corn starch up to 20% by weight.
{"title":"Open-Air Processing of Mechanically Robust Metal Halide Perovskites with Controllable Thicknesses above 10 µm","authors":"Kayshavi Bakshi, Muzhi Li, Muneeza Ahmad, Mason Mahaffey, Nicholas Rolston","doi":"10.3390/pr12091901","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/pr12091901","url":null,"abstract":"We report on the use of open-air blade-coating as a scalable method for producing metal halide perovskite films with >10× fracture energy for durability and mechanical stability through the addition of corn starch polymer additives. This results in a manufacturable and robust perovskite that has tunable thicknesses exceeding 10 µm, among the highest reported values for solution-processed polycrystalline films. We find that an increasing amount of starch causes more uniform carbon distribution within the perovskite thickness as quantified by cross-sectional elemental composition measurements. Further, the incorporation of starch introduces beneficial compressive film stresses. Importantly, the optoelectronic behavior is not compromised, as the photoluminescence spectrum becomes more homogenous with the addition of corn starch up to 20% by weight.","PeriodicalId":20597,"journal":{"name":"Processes","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2024-09-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142188101","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Alibek Baisanov, Nina Vorobkalo, Yerbol Shabanov, Azat Mussin, Symbat Sharieva, Amir Makishev
Currently, enterprises producing crystalline silicon are facing the formation and accumulation of large volumes of microsilica, a technogenic dusty waste formed during the melting of silicon alloys. Due to its chemical composition, this waste can be a significant raw material for metallurgical production. Therefore, this study is aimed to solve the problem of recycling microsilica. For these studies, a technology for the combined briquetting of microsilica and a carbonaceous reducing agent was developed for the production of a pilot batch of briquettes. This paper presents the results obtained from the process of testing the melting of crystalline (technical) silicon from briquetted monocharge obtained from microsilica. The tests were conducted under large-scale laboratory conditions on a 200 kVA ore-thermal furnace, where 30, 50, and 100% replacements of the traditional charge mixture with briquettes were tested. The results of this study showed that briquettes in the melting process of technical silicon can be successfully used in the range of 0 to 50%. The use of briquettes can significantly improve the technological indicators. The maximum extraction of silicon (approximately 83%) was achieved at 30% replacement. The technical and economic indicators of the process also improved. In particular, an increase in productivity was observed in comparison with tests on a traditional charge.
{"title":"Test Results of Crystalline Silicon Melting Process from Briquetted Monocharge Obtained from Microsilica","authors":"Alibek Baisanov, Nina Vorobkalo, Yerbol Shabanov, Azat Mussin, Symbat Sharieva, Amir Makishev","doi":"10.3390/pr12091911","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/pr12091911","url":null,"abstract":"Currently, enterprises producing crystalline silicon are facing the formation and accumulation of large volumes of microsilica, a technogenic dusty waste formed during the melting of silicon alloys. Due to its chemical composition, this waste can be a significant raw material for metallurgical production. Therefore, this study is aimed to solve the problem of recycling microsilica. For these studies, a technology for the combined briquetting of microsilica and a carbonaceous reducing agent was developed for the production of a pilot batch of briquettes. This paper presents the results obtained from the process of testing the melting of crystalline (technical) silicon from briquetted monocharge obtained from microsilica. The tests were conducted under large-scale laboratory conditions on a 200 kVA ore-thermal furnace, where 30, 50, and 100% replacements of the traditional charge mixture with briquettes were tested. The results of this study showed that briquettes in the melting process of technical silicon can be successfully used in the range of 0 to 50%. The use of briquettes can significantly improve the technological indicators. The maximum extraction of silicon (approximately 83%) was achieved at 30% replacement. The technical and economic indicators of the process also improved. In particular, an increase in productivity was observed in comparison with tests on a traditional charge.","PeriodicalId":20597,"journal":{"name":"Processes","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2024-09-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142188106","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Fuqi Ma, Heng Liu, Jiaxun Wang, Rong Jia, Bo Wang, Hengrui Ma
As the carrier of electric energy transmission, transmission lines undertake the important task of electric energy distribution and transfer. However, with the increasing frequency of construction using large machinery such as tower cranes and excavators under the transmission channels, transmission line accidents occur frequently. Therefore, this paper proposes a refined identification method for the hidden dangers of external damage in transmission lines based on the generation of effective regions driven by vanishing points. The comprehensive and accurate perception of external damage targets through the perception model of scene elements based on slicing-aided hyperinference was realized. Secondly, the accuracy and robustness of the calculation of the transmission line’s vanishing point were improved based on Canny edge detection and Hough linear detection. The effective region on the visual images was generated by combining the vanishing point and the bottom of transmission tower coordinates. Finally, the relative position relationship between areas with hidden dangers of external damage and the effective warning regions were compared, and the refined identification of hidden dangers was realized. The experimental data show that the proposed method realized a perception accuracy of 82.9% in identifying hidden dangers of external damage caused by ground- and aerial-moving targets, which shows better detection performance and practical value compared with the existing method.
{"title":"A Refined Identification Method for the Hidden Dangers of External Damage in Transmission Lines Based on the Generation of a Vanishing Point-Driven Effective Region","authors":"Fuqi Ma, Heng Liu, Jiaxun Wang, Rong Jia, Bo Wang, Hengrui Ma","doi":"10.3390/pr12091904","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/pr12091904","url":null,"abstract":"As the carrier of electric energy transmission, transmission lines undertake the important task of electric energy distribution and transfer. However, with the increasing frequency of construction using large machinery such as tower cranes and excavators under the transmission channels, transmission line accidents occur frequently. Therefore, this paper proposes a refined identification method for the hidden dangers of external damage in transmission lines based on the generation of effective regions driven by vanishing points. The comprehensive and accurate perception of external damage targets through the perception model of scene elements based on slicing-aided hyperinference was realized. Secondly, the accuracy and robustness of the calculation of the transmission line’s vanishing point were improved based on Canny edge detection and Hough linear detection. The effective region on the visual images was generated by combining the vanishing point and the bottom of transmission tower coordinates. Finally, the relative position relationship between areas with hidden dangers of external damage and the effective warning regions were compared, and the refined identification of hidden dangers was realized. The experimental data show that the proposed method realized a perception accuracy of 82.9% in identifying hidden dangers of external damage caused by ground- and aerial-moving targets, which shows better detection performance and practical value compared with the existing method.","PeriodicalId":20597,"journal":{"name":"Processes","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2024-09-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142188104","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Recently, there has been widespread and vital adoption of flexible manipulators due to their increased prevalence. This is attributed to the growing demand for flexibility in various tasks like refueling operations, inspections, and maintenance activities. Nevertheless, these robots are under-actuated systems characterized by a nonlinear behavior and present dynamic coupling interactions that contribute to the complexity of the control process. The main control objective is to achieve an accurate tracking of the desired position while simultaneously reducing oscillations occurring in the link. Therefore, this paper proposes integrating the tuning and adaptive control by employing fuzzy logic methodology in conjunction with internal model control (IMC). The suggested controller takes advantage of intelligent techniques, simple structure, robustness, and easy tuning of the conventional IMC. Both triangular and trapezoidal Membership Functions (MFs) are applied in this study to create a pair of Fuzzy Logic Controllers (FLCs) based on the Mamdani method. These controllers are employed to dynamically adjust the parameters of the IMC, in contrast to the fixed parameters used in the conventional IMC approach. The effectiveness of the suggested Adaptive-based Fuzzy IMC (AFIMC) is showcased through simulation and practical experimentation, in scenarios both with and without disturbances. Results indicate that this technique outperforms conventional IMC in achieving control objectives and rejecting disturbances.
{"title":"Intelligent Fuzzy Logic-Based Internal Model Control for Rotary Flexible Robots","authors":"Omar Mohamed Gad, Raouf Fareh, Sofiane Khadraoui, Maamar Bettayeb, Mohammad Habibur Rahman","doi":"10.3390/pr12091908","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/pr12091908","url":null,"abstract":"Recently, there has been widespread and vital adoption of flexible manipulators due to their increased prevalence. This is attributed to the growing demand for flexibility in various tasks like refueling operations, inspections, and maintenance activities. Nevertheless, these robots are under-actuated systems characterized by a nonlinear behavior and present dynamic coupling interactions that contribute to the complexity of the control process. The main control objective is to achieve an accurate tracking of the desired position while simultaneously reducing oscillations occurring in the link. Therefore, this paper proposes integrating the tuning and adaptive control by employing fuzzy logic methodology in conjunction with internal model control (IMC). The suggested controller takes advantage of intelligent techniques, simple structure, robustness, and easy tuning of the conventional IMC. Both triangular and trapezoidal Membership Functions (MFs) are applied in this study to create a pair of Fuzzy Logic Controllers (FLCs) based on the Mamdani method. These controllers are employed to dynamically adjust the parameters of the IMC, in contrast to the fixed parameters used in the conventional IMC approach. The effectiveness of the suggested Adaptive-based Fuzzy IMC (AFIMC) is showcased through simulation and practical experimentation, in scenarios both with and without disturbances. Results indicate that this technique outperforms conventional IMC in achieving control objectives and rejecting disturbances.","PeriodicalId":20597,"journal":{"name":"Processes","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2024-09-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142224679","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Danielle Gradin Queiroz, Francisco Davi Belo Rodrigues, Júlia do Nascimento Pereira Nogueira, Príamo Albuquerque Melo, Maurício B. de Souza
Sour waters are one of the main aqueous byproducts generated during petroleum refining and require processing in sour water treatment units (SWTUs) to remove contaminants such as H2S and NH3 in compliance with environmental legislations. Therefore, monitoring the composition of SWTU effluxents, including acid gas, ammoniacal gas, and treated water, is essential. This study aims to present an AI (artificial intelligence) hybrid-based methodology to develop soft sensors capable of real-time prediction of H2S and NH3 mass fractions in the effluents of SWTUs and validate them using real data from industrial units. Initially, a new database based on the dynamic simulation of a two-stripping-column SWTU phenomenological model, developed in Aspen Plus Dynamics® V10, was generated, aiming at non-faulty runs, unlike our previous work. Ensemble methods (decision trees), such as gradient boosting and random forest, and support vector machines were compared for soft sensor creation using these simulated data. The best outcome was the development of six soft sensors based on random forest with R2 greater than 0.87, MAE less than 0.12, MSE less than 0.17, and RMSE less than 0.41. Variable importance analysis revealed that the temperature of the second stage of Column 1 significantly influences the thermodynamic equilibrium of H2S and NH3 separation from sour waters, being critical for five of the six soft sensors. After this initial stage using data from the phenomenological model, data from an industrial-scale SWTU were used to develop real soft sensors. The results proved the effectiveness of the conjugated use of a physical model and industrial data approach in the development of soft sensors for two-column SWTUs.
{"title":"Synergizing Phenomenological and AI-Based Models with Industrial Data to Develop Soft Sensors for a Sour Water Treatment Unit","authors":"Danielle Gradin Queiroz, Francisco Davi Belo Rodrigues, Júlia do Nascimento Pereira Nogueira, Príamo Albuquerque Melo, Maurício B. de Souza","doi":"10.3390/pr12091900","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/pr12091900","url":null,"abstract":"Sour waters are one of the main aqueous byproducts generated during petroleum refining and require processing in sour water treatment units (SWTUs) to remove contaminants such as H2S and NH3 in compliance with environmental legislations. Therefore, monitoring the composition of SWTU effluxents, including acid gas, ammoniacal gas, and treated water, is essential. This study aims to present an AI (artificial intelligence) hybrid-based methodology to develop soft sensors capable of real-time prediction of H2S and NH3 mass fractions in the effluents of SWTUs and validate them using real data from industrial units. Initially, a new database based on the dynamic simulation of a two-stripping-column SWTU phenomenological model, developed in Aspen Plus Dynamics® V10, was generated, aiming at non-faulty runs, unlike our previous work. Ensemble methods (decision trees), such as gradient boosting and random forest, and support vector machines were compared for soft sensor creation using these simulated data. The best outcome was the development of six soft sensors based on random forest with R2 greater than 0.87, MAE less than 0.12, MSE less than 0.17, and RMSE less than 0.41. Variable importance analysis revealed that the temperature of the second stage of Column 1 significantly influences the thermodynamic equilibrium of H2S and NH3 separation from sour waters, being critical for five of the six soft sensors. After this initial stage using data from the phenomenological model, data from an industrial-scale SWTU were used to develop real soft sensors. The results proved the effectiveness of the conjugated use of a physical model and industrial data approach in the development of soft sensors for two-column SWTUs.","PeriodicalId":20597,"journal":{"name":"Processes","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2024-09-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142188082","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Leonel Alfredo Noriega de la Cruz, Dario Serrano-Florez, Marlon Bastidas-Barranco
This article presents a detailed analysis of the energy availability of a 15 kW hybrid wind–solar photovoltaic microplant, designed to supply the electricity demand of the power-to-gas (PtG) pilot plant located at the University of La Guajira, Colombia. The study addresses the lack of specific data on the energy availability curve, which is essential for quantifying the production percentages of green hydrogen from wind and solar photovoltaic sources. To this end, continuous data were collected over a seven-month period, recording the daily power output from both sources. Additionally, the energy requirements of the PtG pilot plant, which relies on the microplant for its electrical supply, were determined. The results indicated that during certain periods, such as specific days in November 2022 and February and March 2023, it was necessary to rely on the conventional electrical grid for backup. Moreover, it was observed that solar photovoltaic energy contributed the most electricity to the system for green hydrogen production. In the study area, although green hydrogen production is predominantly supported by the solar photovoltaic source, it is crucial to have the backup of an additional source, such as wind, due to the intermittent nature of the climatic conditions affecting these technologies.
{"title":"Analysis of the Availability Curve of the 15 kW Wind–Solar Hybrid Microplant Associated with the Demand of the Power-to-Gas (PtG) Pilot Plant Located at University of La Guajira","authors":"Leonel Alfredo Noriega de la Cruz, Dario Serrano-Florez, Marlon Bastidas-Barranco","doi":"10.3390/pr12091903","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/pr12091903","url":null,"abstract":"This article presents a detailed analysis of the energy availability of a 15 kW hybrid wind–solar photovoltaic microplant, designed to supply the electricity demand of the power-to-gas (PtG) pilot plant located at the University of La Guajira, Colombia. The study addresses the lack of specific data on the energy availability curve, which is essential for quantifying the production percentages of green hydrogen from wind and solar photovoltaic sources. To this end, continuous data were collected over a seven-month period, recording the daily power output from both sources. Additionally, the energy requirements of the PtG pilot plant, which relies on the microplant for its electrical supply, were determined. The results indicated that during certain periods, such as specific days in November 2022 and February and March 2023, it was necessary to rely on the conventional electrical grid for backup. Moreover, it was observed that solar photovoltaic energy contributed the most electricity to the system for green hydrogen production. In the study area, although green hydrogen production is predominantly supported by the solar photovoltaic source, it is crucial to have the backup of an additional source, such as wind, due to the intermittent nature of the climatic conditions affecting these technologies.","PeriodicalId":20597,"journal":{"name":"Processes","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2024-09-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142187998","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Jakub Jurík, Barbora Jankovičová, Ronald Zakhar, Nikola Šoltýsová, Ján Derco
In today’s ongoing rapid urban expansion, deforestation and climate changes can be observed mainly as unbalanced rain occurrence during the year, long seasons without any rain at all and unordinary high temperatures. These adverse changes affect underground water levels and the availability of surface water. In addition, quite a significant proportion of drinking water is used mainly for non-drinking purposes. With several EU countries increasingly suffering from droughts, reusing quaternary treated urban wastewater can help address water scarcity. At the European level, Regulation 2020/741 of the European Parliament and of the Council of 25 May 2020 on minimum requirements for water reuse was adopted. This regulation foresees the use of recycled wastewater mainly for agricultural irrigation. This article provides an overview of various processes, such as filtration, coagulation, adsorption, ozonation, advanced oxidation processes and disinfection, for quaternary treatment of urban wastewater in order to remove micropollutants and achieve the requirements for wastewater reuse. According to the literature, the most effective method with acceptable financial costs is a combination of coagulation, membrane filtration (UF or NF) and UV disinfection. These processes are relatively well known and commercially available. This article also helps researchers to identify key themes and concepts, evaluate the strengths and weaknesses of previous studies and determine areas where further research is needed.
{"title":"Quaternary Treatment of Urban Wastewater for Its Reuse","authors":"Jakub Jurík, Barbora Jankovičová, Ronald Zakhar, Nikola Šoltýsová, Ján Derco","doi":"10.3390/pr12091905","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/pr12091905","url":null,"abstract":"In today’s ongoing rapid urban expansion, deforestation and climate changes can be observed mainly as unbalanced rain occurrence during the year, long seasons without any rain at all and unordinary high temperatures. These adverse changes affect underground water levels and the availability of surface water. In addition, quite a significant proportion of drinking water is used mainly for non-drinking purposes. With several EU countries increasingly suffering from droughts, reusing quaternary treated urban wastewater can help address water scarcity. At the European level, Regulation 2020/741 of the European Parliament and of the Council of 25 May 2020 on minimum requirements for water reuse was adopted. This regulation foresees the use of recycled wastewater mainly for agricultural irrigation. This article provides an overview of various processes, such as filtration, coagulation, adsorption, ozonation, advanced oxidation processes and disinfection, for quaternary treatment of urban wastewater in order to remove micropollutants and achieve the requirements for wastewater reuse. According to the literature, the most effective method with acceptable financial costs is a combination of coagulation, membrane filtration (UF or NF) and UV disinfection. These processes are relatively well known and commercially available. This article also helps researchers to identify key themes and concepts, evaluate the strengths and weaknesses of previous studies and determine areas where further research is needed.","PeriodicalId":20597,"journal":{"name":"Processes","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2024-09-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142224678","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Karol Wójkowski, Krzysztof Talaśka, Dominik Wilczyński
The article analyses the use of servomotors in the control systems of industrial equipment, focusing on the alternative offered by position and speed synchronization in relation to classical mechanical mechanisms. A complete methodology is presented to determine the dynamic parameters of the adopted kinematic system using electronic motion profiles. The results obtained constitute a mathematical model of the execution chain and an analysis of the basic quantities for linear motion, supported by actual measurements of the drive parameters. The merit of the article is to show that the servomotors can significantly simplify the design of the device, make it more flexible in adaptation to different assortments, and allow integration with systems predicting the technical condition of the device. The analysis of the results revealed significant differences in the constant rotational speed of the servomotor, which do not align with previous findings. The results suggest that changing the angular working range of the assembly to the range (205°;270°) could significantly affect the generated linear acceleration, reducing the risk of stalling. The calculations and graphs conducted allowed for the accurate representation of the actual mechanical system, considering its dynamic characteristics. The key conclusion is that precise mathematical modelling is essential to ensure the stability and durability of engineering components.
{"title":"Mathematical Model of the Electronic Cam in Terms of Application in a Dosing Machine","authors":"Karol Wójkowski, Krzysztof Talaśka, Dominik Wilczyński","doi":"10.3390/pr12091909","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/pr12091909","url":null,"abstract":"The article analyses the use of servomotors in the control systems of industrial equipment, focusing on the alternative offered by position and speed synchronization in relation to classical mechanical mechanisms. A complete methodology is presented to determine the dynamic parameters of the adopted kinematic system using electronic motion profiles. The results obtained constitute a mathematical model of the execution chain and an analysis of the basic quantities for linear motion, supported by actual measurements of the drive parameters. The merit of the article is to show that the servomotors can significantly simplify the design of the device, make it more flexible in adaptation to different assortments, and allow integration with systems predicting the technical condition of the device. The analysis of the results revealed significant differences in the constant rotational speed of the servomotor, which do not align with previous findings. The results suggest that changing the angular working range of the assembly to the range (205°;270°) could significantly affect the generated linear acceleration, reducing the risk of stalling. The calculations and graphs conducted allowed for the accurate representation of the actual mechanical system, considering its dynamic characteristics. The key conclusion is that precise mathematical modelling is essential to ensure the stability and durability of engineering components.","PeriodicalId":20597,"journal":{"name":"Processes","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2024-09-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142188105","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Transfer learning is an effective approach to address the decline in generalizability of intelligent fault diagnosis methods. However, there has been a persistent lack of comprehensive and effective metrics for assessing the transferability of cross-domain data, making it challenging to answer the fundamental question in transfer learning: “When to transfer”. This study proposes a novel hybrid transferability metric (HTM) based on weighted correlation-diversity shift. The metric introduces a correlation shift measurement based on sparse principal component analysis, effectively quantifying distribution differences in domain-invariant features based on the sparse representation theory. It also designs a diversity shift measurement based on label space differences, addressing the previously overlooked impact of label variation on transferability. The proposed transferability metric is validated on four types of cross-domain diagnosis tasks involving piston aero engines. The results show that in diagnostic scenarios involving both supervised transfer learning and extreme class imbalance problems, HTM accurately predicted the transferability of the target tasks, which aligned with the actual diagnostic accuracy trends. It provides a feasible method for predicting and evaluating the applicability of transfer learning methods in real-world scenarios.
{"title":"Measuring Domain Shift in Vibration Signals to Improve Cross-Domain Diagnosis of Piston Aero Engine Faults","authors":"Pengfei Shen, Fengrong Bi, Xiaoyang Bi, Yunyi Lu","doi":"10.3390/pr12091902","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/pr12091902","url":null,"abstract":"Transfer learning is an effective approach to address the decline in generalizability of intelligent fault diagnosis methods. However, there has been a persistent lack of comprehensive and effective metrics for assessing the transferability of cross-domain data, making it challenging to answer the fundamental question in transfer learning: “When to transfer”. This study proposes a novel hybrid transferability metric (HTM) based on weighted correlation-diversity shift. The metric introduces a correlation shift measurement based on sparse principal component analysis, effectively quantifying distribution differences in domain-invariant features based on the sparse representation theory. It also designs a diversity shift measurement based on label space differences, addressing the previously overlooked impact of label variation on transferability. The proposed transferability metric is validated on four types of cross-domain diagnosis tasks involving piston aero engines. The results show that in diagnostic scenarios involving both supervised transfer learning and extreme class imbalance problems, HTM accurately predicted the transferability of the target tasks, which aligned with the actual diagnostic accuracy trends. It provides a feasible method for predicting and evaluating the applicability of transfer learning methods in real-world scenarios.","PeriodicalId":20597,"journal":{"name":"Processes","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2024-09-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142224677","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Grey cast iron releases energy in the form of stress waves when damaged. To analyse the evolution of the physical and mechanical properties and acoustic emission characteristics of grey cast iron under uniaxial compression, acoustic emission signals were collected at different rates (0.5, 1, and 2 mm/s). Combined with load-time curves, damage modes were identified and classified using the parametric RA-AF correlation analysis method. The results indicate the loading rate effects on the strength, deformation, acoustic emission (AE), and energy evolution of grey cast iron specimens. The acoustic emission counts align with the engineering stress–strain response. To better illustrate the entire failure process of grey cast iron, from its internal microstructure to its macroscopic appearance, X-ray diffraction (XRD) and optical microscopy (OM) were employed for qualitative and quantitative analyses of the material’s internal microstructural characteristics. The equivalent crystal model of grey cast iron was constructed using a Particle Flow Software PFC2D 6.00.30 grain-based model (GBM) to simulate uniaxial compression acoustic emission tests. The calibration of fine parameters with indoor test results ensured good agreement with numerical simulation results. Acoustic emission dynamically monitors the compression process, while discrete element particle flow software further analyses the entire damage process from the inside to the outside. It provides a new research method and idea for the study of crack extension in some metal materials such as grey cast iron.
{"title":"Probing Internal Damage in Grey Cast Iron Compression Based on Acoustic Emission and Particle Flow","authors":"Zhen Li, Zhao Lei, Sheng Xu, Hengyang Sun, Bin Li, Zhizhong Qiao","doi":"10.3390/pr12091893","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/pr12091893","url":null,"abstract":"Grey cast iron releases energy in the form of stress waves when damaged. To analyse the evolution of the physical and mechanical properties and acoustic emission characteristics of grey cast iron under uniaxial compression, acoustic emission signals were collected at different rates (0.5, 1, and 2 mm/s). Combined with load-time curves, damage modes were identified and classified using the parametric RA-AF correlation analysis method. The results indicate the loading rate effects on the strength, deformation, acoustic emission (AE), and energy evolution of grey cast iron specimens. The acoustic emission counts align with the engineering stress–strain response. To better illustrate the entire failure process of grey cast iron, from its internal microstructure to its macroscopic appearance, X-ray diffraction (XRD) and optical microscopy (OM) were employed for qualitative and quantitative analyses of the material’s internal microstructural characteristics. The equivalent crystal model of grey cast iron was constructed using a Particle Flow Software PFC2D 6.00.30 grain-based model (GBM) to simulate uniaxial compression acoustic emission tests. The calibration of fine parameters with indoor test results ensured good agreement with numerical simulation results. Acoustic emission dynamically monitors the compression process, while discrete element particle flow software further analyses the entire damage process from the inside to the outside. It provides a new research method and idea for the study of crack extension in some metal materials such as grey cast iron.","PeriodicalId":20597,"journal":{"name":"Processes","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2024-09-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142188107","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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