Macromolecular Rapid Communications最新文献

As high-efficiency energy conversion systems, indoor organic photovoltaic (IOPV) devices exhibit exceptional suitability for powering Internet of Things (IoTs)-integrated indoor electronics, such as environmental sensors, wearable technologies, and smart home systems under ambient illumination. Advancements in materials science and device engineering have driven substantial progress in optimizing the light-harvesting capabilities, power conversion efficiencies (PCEs), and operational stability of IOPV devices in recent years. This review systematically analyzes the spectral characteristics of indoor light sources, strategies for device architecture, and photovoltaic material design tailored for low-intensity indoor environments. Furthermore, it explores emerging applications of IOPV devices in human-device interaction paradigms, focusing on two critical dimensions: user-centric ocular safety protocols and light-induced emotional regulation mechanisms. This work synthesizes current advancements in performance optimization and innovative developments, providing critical insights to enhance the efficiency and practical deployment of IOPV technologies.

The rapid development of the textile industry has led to massive disposal of waste polyester/cotton blended fabrics via landfilling or incineration, causing severe environmental pollution and resource waste. To achieve high-value recycling, this work proposes a green chemical approach for efficient separation and upcycling of polyester and cotton components. A deep eutectic solvent (ZnCl₂/H₃PO₄/H₂O) dissolved cotton, leaving polyester intact. The cellulose solution, rich in Zn²⁺ ions, was reinforced with bacterial cellulose (BC) to form a composite film. Subsequent NaOH treatment and thermal decomposition enabled in situ synthesis of zinc oxide (ZnO), yielding an antibacterial regenerated cellulose film (Cellulose/BC/ZnO). Antibacterial tests showed that the inhibition zones against E. coli, S. aureus, and P. aeruginosa were 2.6 ± 0.2, 3.0 ± 0.2, and 2.0 ± 0.2 mm, respectively, confirming the antibacterial efficacy of zinc oxide. For separated polyester fibers, a bio-based solvent system (DMI/EG/KOH) facilitated alkaline hydrolysis, depolymerizing PET into high-purity terephthalic acid (TPA). Structural and thermal analyses (FT-IR, XRD, TGA) verified TPA recovery. Molecular dynamics simulations elucidated solvent-polymer interactions at the electronic level, offering mechanistic insights into cellulose dissolution and PET depolymerization. This work provides a sustainable strategy for textile waste upcycling, expands applications of regenerated cellulose films in biomedicine, and promotes closed-loop polyester recycling.

Wound healing represents a significant challenge within the realm of global healthcare. Traditional inert dressings often fail to effectively detect and respond to wound signals, thereby hindering precise therapeutic interventions. In contrast, natural hydrogels, characterized by their superior biocompatibility, biodegradability, and modifiability, facilitate the detection and in situ regulation of wound signals. This review provides a systematic analysis of the microenvironmental response mechanisms exhibited by natural hydrogels throughout various stages of wound healing. It delineates structural-functional-response synergistic design strategies, encompassing multi-modal response network integration, reversible self-healing structure hybridization, signal amplification and feedback regulation, and multi-scale structural synergy. Furthermore, the review proposes precise intervention pathways tailored for complex pathological scenarios, including diabetic chronic wounds, infected wounds, extensive burn injuries, and non-healing wounds resulting from radiotherapy or postoperative conditions. Additionally, it integrates organoid and 3D skin model validation, advanced imaging techniques, and AI-assisted optimization with state-of-the-art technologies. This paper anticipates the evolution of natural hydrogels from singular materials to comprehensive diagnostic and therapeutic platforms, highlighting their clinical potential and the forthcoming challenges in realizing personalized and precise wound treatment.

The selective chemical recycling of copolyesters remains a major challenge for achieving polymer circularity. Here we show that highly transesterified poly(L-lactide-co-caprolactone) (P(LLA-co-CL)) copolymers undergo low-temperature depolymerization with exceptional selectivity for L-lactide (LLA). Statistical copolymers prepared under SnOct₂/BnOH at 130 °C feature both lactidyl and lactoyl units, reflecting extensive sequence scrambling. Upon vacuum distillation at 230°C, distillates are recovered that are highly enriched in LLA (up to 96–99 mol%), while the polymer residues reorganize into higher-molar-mass polycaprolactone (PCL) chains sporadically decorated with lactoyl units. Further heating to 250°C mobilizes these domains, affording controlled release of CL and its dimer. Importantly, no macrocyclic species incorporating caproyl-lactidyl or caproyl-lactoyl motifs were detected, in line with the thermodynamic disfavor of 10- and 13-membered ring formation. Instead, the recycling process combines the selective regeneration of virgin-quality LLA with the generation of unprecedented “upcycled PCL” architectures, distinct from conventional PCL and offering new opportunities for property design. This dual outcome establishes a practical framework for closed-loop and value-added recycling of complex copolyesters.

Polyamide 66 (PA66), as a widely utilized non-biodegradable plastic, constitutes a significant source of marine pollution. Current chemical recycling approaches often necessitate monomer purification, excessive use of depolymerization agents, and reliance on metal catalysts, leading to complex procedures and high costs. Therefore, directly converting waste polymers into high-value-added products by using them as raw materials holds substantial significance. Here, we successfully transformed end-of-life PA66 into a high-toughness antibacterial material via a one-pot method. End-of-life PA66 was employed as the polymer feedstock, and melt polycondensation was directly conducted using antibacterial monomers and bio-based long-chain dicarboxylic acids, resulting in the successful synthesis of a series of polyamide-based copolymers. The resultant material demonstrates outstanding mechanical performance, achieving a maximum tensile strength of 34.3 MPa and an elongation at break of up to 457.3% for a 0.5 mm-thick film. Furthermore, antibacterial assays confirmed that the material can exhibit nearly 100% antibacterial activity. Additionally, the material demonstrates excellent spinnability and processability, indicating strong potential for application in fabrics and films. This work proposes a practical strategy for the large-scale upcycling of end-of-life PA66, demonstrating significant potential for application in the polymer industry.