Pub Date : 2024-03-20DOI: 10.1177/10591478241243382
Sebnem Manolya Demir, F. Sahinyazan, B. Kara, Elfe Buluc
The recent refugee crises in Ukraine (2022) and Syria (2011) have created millions of refugees, 40% of whom are children. The education systems of countries hosting refugees struggle to integrate such large populations. In addition, language barriers and the stigma associated with refugees hamper inclusive and equitable education opportunities for these children. There is thus a risk of “lost generations” distanced from education, who may eventually depend on social security systems and monetary aid in the long term. This study considers the following research question: How can a host country improve the inclusion of refugee children in the education system without overburdening its infrastructure? First, we document the availability and accessibility challenges and opportunities that refugee children face during the Syrian refugee crisis. We then develop an inclusive planning strategy aligned with existing capacity and resources and formulate two adaptations of the Maximum Covering Problem (MCP): Cooperative Capacitated MCP with Heterogeneity Constraints (CCMCP-HC) to improve the current schooling access in Türkiye and Modular CCMCP-HC to guide early planning in the case of a future crisis. Our computational analyses illustrate that the proposed approach yields higher schooling rates and capacity utilization than existing approaches. Our results emphasize the importance of having a planning strategy in the initial phases of a crisis that considers future integration possibilities. This study analyzes Türkiye’s experience and lessons learned to provide a road map for other ongoing and future refugee crises.
{"title":"EXPRESS: No Country for Young Refugees: Barriers and Opportunities for Inclusive Refugee Education Practices","authors":"Sebnem Manolya Demir, F. Sahinyazan, B. Kara, Elfe Buluc","doi":"10.1177/10591478241243382","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/10591478241243382","url":null,"abstract":"The recent refugee crises in Ukraine (2022) and Syria (2011) have created millions of refugees, 40% of whom are children. The education systems of countries hosting refugees struggle to integrate such large populations. In addition, language barriers and the stigma associated with refugees hamper inclusive and equitable education opportunities for these children. There is thus a risk of “lost generations” distanced from education, who may eventually depend on social security systems and monetary aid in the long term. This study considers the following research question: How can a host country improve the inclusion of refugee children in the education system without overburdening its infrastructure? First, we document the availability and accessibility challenges and opportunities that refugee children face during the Syrian refugee crisis. We then develop an inclusive planning strategy aligned with existing capacity and resources and formulate two adaptations of the Maximum Covering Problem (MCP): Cooperative Capacitated MCP with Heterogeneity Constraints (CCMCP-HC) to improve the current schooling access in Türkiye and Modular CCMCP-HC to guide early planning in the case of a future crisis. Our computational analyses illustrate that the proposed approach yields higher schooling rates and capacity utilization than existing approaches. Our results emphasize the importance of having a planning strategy in the initial phases of a crisis that considers future integration possibilities. This study analyzes Türkiye’s experience and lessons learned to provide a road map for other ongoing and future refugee crises.","PeriodicalId":20623,"journal":{"name":"Production and Operations Management","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":5.0,"publicationDate":"2024-03-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140226198","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"管理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-03-20DOI: 10.1177/10591478241242126
Iman Attari, Jonathan E. Helm, Jorge Mejia
The opioid crisis has ravaged the United States, taking 69,000 lives in 2020, with prescription opioids accounting for 98% of opioid abuse. Although this epidemic is often considered a White public health crisis nationally, overdose deaths among people of color doubled from 2017–2019. As research has shown that the crisis was fueled by excessive supply from the pharmaceutical industry, several individual firms have received significant public criticism. However, we find evidence that the scope of the blame transcends individual actors to indict the very structure of complex supply chains, which may have exacerbated the crisis by dispensing significantly more opioids. In specific, we posit that supply chain complexity allowed mass quantities of opioids to escape detection by the Drug Enforcement Administration (DEA). Further, we find new evidence showing the greater impact of complexity on opioid dispensing in non-White communities, which underscores their exclusion from the public discourse and governmental response surrounding the crisis and suggests possible racial bias in the DEA’s regulatory policies. Our analysis was made possible by the 2019 release of the DEA’s ARCOS database, which logged every shipment in the US opioid supply chain from 2006–2014. Using a fixed effects model, we find that a one-unit increase across three dimensions of supply chain complexity is associated with a 16% increase in opioid dispensing. This effect is intensified in non-White communities, where a 10% increase in the non-White population is associated with a 3.39% (1.33%) increase in opioid dispensing by pharmacies that have supply chains with high (average) complexity. To verify that high-complexity pharmacies’ excess dispensing supplied non-medical/recreational demand, we exploit the reformulation of OxyContin (designed to prevent recreational use) as an exogenous shock to the market. In a novel approach, we leverage the fact that different pharmacies received their first shipment of reformulated OxyContin at different times and use a difference-in-differences model to estimate the heterogeneous effect of the shock on dispensing. As the reformulated OxyContin stifled demand, high-complexity pharmacies experienced a 15.31% greater reduction in dispensing compared to lower-complexity pharmacies, suggesting that their excess dispensing was indeed satisfying non-medical/recreational demand.
{"title":"EXPRESS: Hiding behind Complexity: Supply Chain, Oversight, Race, and the Opioid Crisis","authors":"Iman Attari, Jonathan E. Helm, Jorge Mejia","doi":"10.1177/10591478241242126","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/10591478241242126","url":null,"abstract":"The opioid crisis has ravaged the United States, taking 69,000 lives in 2020, with prescription opioids accounting for 98% of opioid abuse. Although this epidemic is often considered a White public health crisis nationally, overdose deaths among people of color doubled from 2017–2019. As research has shown that the crisis was fueled by excessive supply from the pharmaceutical industry, several individual firms have received significant public criticism. However, we find evidence that the scope of the blame transcends individual actors to indict the very structure of complex supply chains, which may have exacerbated the crisis by dispensing significantly more opioids. In specific, we posit that supply chain complexity allowed mass quantities of opioids to escape detection by the Drug Enforcement Administration (DEA). Further, we find new evidence showing the greater impact of complexity on opioid dispensing in non-White communities, which underscores their exclusion from the public discourse and governmental response surrounding the crisis and suggests possible racial bias in the DEA’s regulatory policies. Our analysis was made possible by the 2019 release of the DEA’s ARCOS database, which logged every shipment in the US opioid supply chain from 2006–2014. Using a fixed effects model, we find that a one-unit increase across three dimensions of supply chain complexity is associated with a 16% increase in opioid dispensing. This effect is intensified in non-White communities, where a 10% increase in the non-White population is associated with a 3.39% (1.33%) increase in opioid dispensing by pharmacies that have supply chains with high (average) complexity. To verify that high-complexity pharmacies’ excess dispensing supplied non-medical/recreational demand, we exploit the reformulation of OxyContin (designed to prevent recreational use) as an exogenous shock to the market. In a novel approach, we leverage the fact that different pharmacies received their first shipment of reformulated OxyContin at different times and use a difference-in-differences model to estimate the heterogeneous effect of the shock on dispensing. As the reformulated OxyContin stifled demand, high-complexity pharmacies experienced a 15.31% greater reduction in dispensing compared to lower-complexity pharmacies, suggesting that their excess dispensing was indeed satisfying non-medical/recreational demand.","PeriodicalId":20623,"journal":{"name":"Production and Operations Management","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":5.0,"publicationDate":"2024-03-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140224665","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"管理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-03-20DOI: 10.1177/10591478241245144
R. Banker, Rong Huang, Xiaorong Li, Yan Yan
This study investigates the impact of firms’ strategic positioning on cost structure. Using textual analysis based on 10-K filings, we capture business strategy along three dimensions: product leadership, customer intimacy, and operational excellence. Firms pursuing the product leadership strategy emphasize innovation and confront high congestion risk caused by rapid growth. We find that these firms display a more rigid cost structure by incurring higher strategic fixed investments in R&D and choosing higher committed capacity to reduce congestion risk. We also document that firms following the other two strategies on average exhibit a less rigid cost structure. This is possibly because customer-intimate firms tend to invest in specialized resources in small chunks and take on-demand inputs to tailor offerings, while operational-excellence firms may adopt real options and flexible models to achieve production efficiency and mitigate default risk. Our results are robust to using a difference-in-difference approach based on a quasi-natural shock caused by the Inevitable Disclosure Doctrine adoption and a change analysis based on firms’ internal strategic shifts. Our findings suggest that organizational strategy has a significant impact on firms’ resource commitments and capacity choices.
{"title":"EXPRESS: Strategy Typology and Cost Structure: a Textual Analysis Approach","authors":"R. Banker, Rong Huang, Xiaorong Li, Yan Yan","doi":"10.1177/10591478241245144","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/10591478241245144","url":null,"abstract":"This study investigates the impact of firms’ strategic positioning on cost structure. Using textual analysis based on 10-K filings, we capture business strategy along three dimensions: product leadership, customer intimacy, and operational excellence. Firms pursuing the product leadership strategy emphasize innovation and confront high congestion risk caused by rapid growth. We find that these firms display a more rigid cost structure by incurring higher strategic fixed investments in R&D and choosing higher committed capacity to reduce congestion risk. We also document that firms following the other two strategies on average exhibit a less rigid cost structure. This is possibly because customer-intimate firms tend to invest in specialized resources in small chunks and take on-demand inputs to tailor offerings, while operational-excellence firms may adopt real options and flexible models to achieve production efficiency and mitigate default risk. Our results are robust to using a difference-in-difference approach based on a quasi-natural shock caused by the Inevitable Disclosure Doctrine adoption and a change analysis based on firms’ internal strategic shifts. Our findings suggest that organizational strategy has a significant impact on firms’ resource commitments and capacity choices.","PeriodicalId":20623,"journal":{"name":"Production and Operations Management","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":5.0,"publicationDate":"2024-03-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140225406","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"管理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
We consider the information design problem of a demand-maximizing firm launching a product of unknown quality to a market consisting of customers who have heterogeneous prior beliefs about quality. The firm publicly discloses information about quality to all customers. These customers can subsequently opt to acquire additional information about the product at a cost from sources beyond the firm's control. Our study is motivated by the common practice of firms conducting public pilot tests or soliciting reviews from opinion leaders before launching a new product to inform potential customers about its quality. To analyze this problem, we construct a game-theoretic model of Bayesian persuasion between the firm and its customers. We characterize the firm's optimal information policy and show that it can range from fully disclosing quality to exaggerating or downplaying quality to not disclosing quality at all depending on market characteristics. We delineate the impact of market heterogeneity and access to additional information on the optimal information disclosure policy of the firm. Our analysis provides managerial guidance for firms in designing information provision strategies and operationalizing them for different market characteristics.
{"title":"EXPRESS: Persuading Skeptics and Fans in the Presence of Additional Information","authors":"Tamer Boyacı, Soudipta Chakraborty, Huseyin Gurkan","doi":"10.1177/10591478241239931","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/10591478241239931","url":null,"abstract":"We consider the information design problem of a demand-maximizing firm launching a product of unknown quality to a market consisting of customers who have heterogeneous prior beliefs about quality. The firm publicly discloses information about quality to all customers. These customers can subsequently opt to acquire additional information about the product at a cost from sources beyond the firm's control. Our study is motivated by the common practice of firms conducting public pilot tests or soliciting reviews from opinion leaders before launching a new product to inform potential customers about its quality. To analyze this problem, we construct a game-theoretic model of Bayesian persuasion between the firm and its customers. We characterize the firm's optimal information policy and show that it can range from fully disclosing quality to exaggerating or downplaying quality to not disclosing quality at all depending on market characteristics. We delineate the impact of market heterogeneity and access to additional information on the optimal information disclosure policy of the firm. Our analysis provides managerial guidance for firms in designing information provision strategies and operationalizing them for different market characteristics.","PeriodicalId":20623,"journal":{"name":"Production and Operations Management","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":5.0,"publicationDate":"2024-03-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140260287","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"管理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-03-07DOI: 10.1177/10591478241240123
Gemma Berenguer, Natalia Costas Lorenzo, Anna Sáez de Tejada Cuenca
We describe the state of supplier diversity efforts by large corporations from an international perspective. We examine data for the companies in the 2020 and 2022 Fortune Global 500 and find that corporate definitions of diversity are dynamic and vary across regions. Further, while supplier diversity efforts are not yet widespread, these initiatives are increasingly common, especially in the form of references to diversity in companies’ supplier codes of conduct. Companies in North America and in certain economic sectors, such as the financial and healthcare sectors, are more likely to have such efforts in place. Based on our data, companies that report on their internal diversity and companies that have other forms of supplier sustainability initiatives are also more likely to have supplier diversity initiatives. We argue further that supplier diversity efforts will follow a trajectory similar to other supplier sustainability efforts. Finally, we suggest possible avenues for future research on supplier diversity.
{"title":"EXPRESS: The State of Supplier Diversity Initiatives for Large Corporations: the New Sustainable Supply Chain?","authors":"Gemma Berenguer, Natalia Costas Lorenzo, Anna Sáez de Tejada Cuenca","doi":"10.1177/10591478241240123","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/10591478241240123","url":null,"abstract":"We describe the state of supplier diversity efforts by large corporations from an international perspective. We examine data for the companies in the 2020 and 2022 Fortune Global 500 and find that corporate definitions of diversity are dynamic and vary across regions. Further, while supplier diversity efforts are not yet widespread, these initiatives are increasingly common, especially in the form of references to diversity in companies’ supplier codes of conduct. Companies in North America and in certain economic sectors, such as the financial and healthcare sectors, are more likely to have such efforts in place. Based on our data, companies that report on their internal diversity and companies that have other forms of supplier sustainability initiatives are also more likely to have supplier diversity initiatives. We argue further that supplier diversity efforts will follow a trajectory similar to other supplier sustainability efforts. Finally, we suggest possible avenues for future research on supplier diversity.","PeriodicalId":20623,"journal":{"name":"Production and Operations Management","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":5.0,"publicationDate":"2024-03-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140077538","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"管理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-03-05DOI: 10.1177/10591478241238972
Meng Li, Taoying Li, Lili Yu
The explosive growth of retail platforms over the past decade has resulted in a significant amount of customer and seller data that can be leveraged for advanced business analytics. As a result, the management of retail platforms with business analytics capabilities has garnered increased attention in the field of operations management. Despite the recognition of the importance of business analytics techniques for retail platforms, a systematic study of their operations is lacking in the literature. Based on our observations of the industrial practice and understanding of the academic literature, we attempt to address this gap by proposing a framework that broadly categorizes retail platform management into three key themes: demand-side management, supply-side management, and matching. For each theme, we identify critical topics, discuss the current practices of platforms, and review relevant literature. We also propose future research questions with directions for the initial modeling and solution strategy, together with applicable data sources and potential insights. At last, to facilitate future research, we provide a roadmap and datasets for further exploration of business analytics applications of retail platforms. Overall, this paper lays a strong foundation for researchers to delve deeper into the exciting and constantly evolving field of retail platform analytics.
{"title":"EXPRESS: Retail Platform Analytics: Practice, Literature, and Future Research","authors":"Meng Li, Taoying Li, Lili Yu","doi":"10.1177/10591478241238972","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/10591478241238972","url":null,"abstract":"The explosive growth of retail platforms over the past decade has resulted in a significant amount of customer and seller data that can be leveraged for advanced business analytics. As a result, the management of retail platforms with business analytics capabilities has garnered increased attention in the field of operations management. Despite the recognition of the importance of business analytics techniques for retail platforms, a systematic study of their operations is lacking in the literature. Based on our observations of the industrial practice and understanding of the academic literature, we attempt to address this gap by proposing a framework that broadly categorizes retail platform management into three key themes: demand-side management, supply-side management, and matching. For each theme, we identify critical topics, discuss the current practices of platforms, and review relevant literature. We also propose future research questions with directions for the initial modeling and solution strategy, together with applicable data sources and potential insights. At last, to facilitate future research, we provide a roadmap and datasets for further exploration of business analytics applications of retail platforms. Overall, this paper lays a strong foundation for researchers to delve deeper into the exciting and constantly evolving field of retail platform analytics.","PeriodicalId":20623,"journal":{"name":"Production and Operations Management","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":5.0,"publicationDate":"2024-03-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140263678","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"管理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-03-05DOI: 10.1177/10591478241239007
Priyank Arora
Scholars in management science and operations management (MS and OM) continue to make significant contributions to the notion of “doing good with good operations.” Impressively, the MS and OM literature has developed several pro-social sub-streams, such as healthcare operations, sustainability, and nonprofit operations; however, to the best of my knowledge, there are only two studies in the top MS and OM journals that mention LGBTQ+-related terms in their abstracts, keywords, or introductions (one appeared in 1989 and the other in 2021). The LGBTQ+ community is an integral part of society, and the field has significant potential to impact the lives of its members economically and socially. MS and OM scholars could pay greater attention to research problems at the interface of operational decision-making and the LGBTQ+ community, which I term “rainbow operations.” This study advances LGBTQ+ diversity, equity, and inclusion within the MS and OM literature by invoking several existing studies and showcasing how similar state-of-the-art techniques and tools can be used to answer interesting, rich, and impactful research questions concerning rainbow operations. I present motivating examples and supporting statistics, discuss related work by MS and OM scholars, and suggest several avenues for future research around the following three themes: LGBTQ+ clients in service delivery settings, LGBTQ+ employees in contemporary workplaces, and LGBTQ+ community in global supply chains. My goal is to inspire MS and OM scholars to think more broadly about our discipline and offer valuable operations-related perspectives on research problems of relevance to the LGBTQ+ community.
管理科学和运营管理（MS 和 OM）领域的学者们继续为 "用良好的运营做好事 "这一理念做出重大贡献。令人印象深刻的是，MS 和 OM 文献已发展出多个亲社会子流，如医疗保健运营、可持续发展和非营利运营；然而，据我所知，在顶级 MS 和 OM 期刊中，只有两篇研究在摘要、关键词或引言中提到了 LGBTQ+ 相关术语（一篇发表于 1989 年，另一篇发表于 2021 年）。LGBTQ+ 群体是社会不可分割的一部分，该领域在影响其成员的经济和社会生活方面有着巨大的潜力。MS 和 OM 学者可以更多地关注运营决策与 LGBTQ+ 社区交界处的研究问题，我称之为 "彩虹运营"。本研究通过引用现有的几项研究，展示如何使用类似的先进技术和工具来回答有关彩虹业务的有趣、丰富且有影响力的研究问题，从而在 MS 和 OM 文献中推进 LGBTQ+ 的多样性、公平性和包容性。我列举了一些激励性的例子和支持性统计数据，讨论了 MS 和 OM 学者的相关工作，并围绕以下三个主题提出了未来研究的几条途径：服务提供环境中的 LGBTQ+ 客户、当代工作场所中的 LGBTQ+ 员工以及全球供应链中的 LGBTQ+ 社区。我的目标是启发 MS 和 OM 学者更广泛地思考我们的学科，并就与 LGBTQ+ 社区相关的研究问题提供有价值的运营相关观点。
{"title":"EXPRESS: Rainbow Operations: Let’S Add LGBTQ+ Colors to “Doing Good with Good Operations”","authors":"Priyank Arora","doi":"10.1177/10591478241239007","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/10591478241239007","url":null,"abstract":"Scholars in management science and operations management (MS and OM) continue to make significant contributions to the notion of “doing good with good operations.” Impressively, the MS and OM literature has developed several pro-social sub-streams, such as healthcare operations, sustainability, and nonprofit operations; however, to the best of my knowledge, there are only two studies in the top MS and OM journals that mention LGBTQ+-related terms in their abstracts, keywords, or introductions (one appeared in 1989 and the other in 2021). The LGBTQ+ community is an integral part of society, and the field has significant potential to impact the lives of its members economically and socially. MS and OM scholars could pay greater attention to research problems at the interface of operational decision-making and the LGBTQ+ community, which I term “rainbow operations.” This study advances LGBTQ+ diversity, equity, and inclusion within the MS and OM literature by invoking several existing studies and showcasing how similar state-of-the-art techniques and tools can be used to answer interesting, rich, and impactful research questions concerning rainbow operations. I present motivating examples and supporting statistics, discuss related work by MS and OM scholars, and suggest several avenues for future research around the following three themes: LGBTQ+ clients in service delivery settings, LGBTQ+ employees in contemporary workplaces, and LGBTQ+ community in global supply chains. My goal is to inspire MS and OM scholars to think more broadly about our discipline and offer valuable operations-related perspectives on research problems of relevance to the LGBTQ+ community.","PeriodicalId":20623,"journal":{"name":"Production and Operations Management","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":5.0,"publicationDate":"2024-03-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140265030","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"管理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-03-05DOI: 10.1177/10591478241239005
Firms’ multilevel access to information plays a significant role in improving operating performance. Increasingly, firms are enhancing their operational integration through IT as they grapple with intense competition. Competition networks are an essential but often overlooked source of information that, if leveraged correctly, can provide firms with significant competitive and operational advantages. In this study, we develop a multilevel research model of operating performance (firm level) that simultaneously considers the effects of IT for operational integration (ITOI, firm level) and competitive brokerage (competition network level). We explicate how ITOI and competitive brokerage afford firms’ synergy through complementarities and relatedness of competitive actions, information, and resources to improve their operating performance. We assess the model using a 7-year longitudinal secondary dataset that includes firms from multiple industries, and find support for our thesis that ITOI and competitive brokerage have a synergistic effect on operating performance. Our exploratory analysis uncovers innovation efficiency as a theoretical mechanism underlying the relationships between ITOI, competitive brokerage, and operating performance. Further exploratory analyses with disaggregated measures of ITOI highlight that synergies arise from IT-enabled coordination and integration across the supply chain and within functional areas of an organization. These findings are robust to concerns of endogeneity and alternative model specifications. We make three critical contributions to our collective understanding of the relationship between IT and operating performance—synergy as a means through which operating performance is realized, a multilevel model of relationships, and a nuanced understanding of the relationships between ITOI, competitive brokerage, and operating performance. Overall, we provide a summative view of multilevel effects of IT on operating performance.
{"title":"EXPRESS: Multilevel Synergy of IT for Operational Integration: Competition Networks and Operating Performance","authors":"","doi":"10.1177/10591478241239005","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/10591478241239005","url":null,"abstract":"Firms’ multilevel access to information plays a significant role in improving operating performance. Increasingly, firms are enhancing their operational integration through IT as they grapple with intense competition. Competition networks are an essential but often overlooked source of information that, if leveraged correctly, can provide firms with significant competitive and operational advantages. In this study, we develop a multilevel research model of operating performance (firm level) that simultaneously considers the effects of IT for operational integration (ITOI, firm level) and competitive brokerage (competition network level). We explicate how ITOI and competitive brokerage afford firms’ synergy through complementarities and relatedness of competitive actions, information, and resources to improve their operating performance. We assess the model using a 7-year longitudinal secondary dataset that includes firms from multiple industries, and find support for our thesis that ITOI and competitive brokerage have a synergistic effect on operating performance. Our exploratory analysis uncovers innovation efficiency as a theoretical mechanism underlying the relationships between ITOI, competitive brokerage, and operating performance. Further exploratory analyses with disaggregated measures of ITOI highlight that synergies arise from IT-enabled coordination and integration across the supply chain and within functional areas of an organization. These findings are robust to concerns of endogeneity and alternative model specifications. We make three critical contributions to our collective understanding of the relationship between IT and operating performance—synergy as a means through which operating performance is realized, a multilevel model of relationships, and a nuanced understanding of the relationships between ITOI, competitive brokerage, and operating performance. Overall, we provide a summative view of multilevel effects of IT on operating performance.","PeriodicalId":20623,"journal":{"name":"Production and Operations Management","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":5.0,"publicationDate":"2024-03-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140264462","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"管理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-03-05DOI: 10.1177/10591478241238971
Xing Gao, Yanfang Zhang, Boyuan Zhong, Xifan Wang, Ying Wang
While CEO competitive aggressiveness can be frequently observed in competitive industries with heavy R&D (research and development) investment, studies on its impact on R&D strategies and hiring strategies for competing firms are rare. This article builds a Cournot-based game model to examine this issue and obtain many novel findings in a competitive duopolistic market. In particular, compared with two firms hiring noncompetitive CEOs, hiring competitive CEOs may hinder rather than stimulate R&D investment when the aggressiveness of competitive CEOs remains relatively weak. Our analysis reveals that despite conflicting interests, firms may choose to hire competitive CEOs. Specifically, when competitive CEOs’ aggressiveness is rather low, both firms hire competitive CEOs to gain an output advantage; otherwise, they hire different types of CEOs to avoid head-to-head competition. A prisoner dilemma occurs when two firms choose competitive CEOs because they would be better off when hiring noncompetitive CEOs. Then, although the presence of competitive CEOs always improves total industry output, bilateral competition brings about the lowest total industry profit because fierce output competition substantially reduces prices. Interestingly, unilateral competition enhances total industry profit when the aggressiveness of competitive CEOs remains rather strong. Finally, this study shows that the endogenous aggressive nature of competitive CEOs does not qualitatively alter these main results.
{"title":"EXPRESS: A Duopolistic Analysis of CEO Competitive Aggressiveness with R&D Investment","authors":"Xing Gao, Yanfang Zhang, Boyuan Zhong, Xifan Wang, Ying Wang","doi":"10.1177/10591478241238971","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/10591478241238971","url":null,"abstract":"While CEO competitive aggressiveness can be frequently observed in competitive industries with heavy R&D (research and development) investment, studies on its impact on R&D strategies and hiring strategies for competing firms are rare. This article builds a Cournot-based game model to examine this issue and obtain many novel findings in a competitive duopolistic market. In particular, compared with two firms hiring noncompetitive CEOs, hiring competitive CEOs may hinder rather than stimulate R&D investment when the aggressiveness of competitive CEOs remains relatively weak. Our analysis reveals that despite conflicting interests, firms may choose to hire competitive CEOs. Specifically, when competitive CEOs’ aggressiveness is rather low, both firms hire competitive CEOs to gain an output advantage; otherwise, they hire different types of CEOs to avoid head-to-head competition. A prisoner dilemma occurs when two firms choose competitive CEOs because they would be better off when hiring noncompetitive CEOs. Then, although the presence of competitive CEOs always improves total industry output, bilateral competition brings about the lowest total industry profit because fierce output competition substantially reduces prices. Interestingly, unilateral competition enhances total industry profit when the aggressiveness of competitive CEOs remains rather strong. Finally, this study shows that the endogenous aggressive nature of competitive CEOs does not qualitatively alter these main results.","PeriodicalId":20623,"journal":{"name":"Production and Operations Management","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":5.0,"publicationDate":"2024-03-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140264964","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"管理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-03-05DOI: 10.1177/10591478241238976
R. Metters, Jordana George
We postulate that the study of diversity, equity, and inclusion can deepen and add relevance to research in operations management (OM). Specifically, the role of gender is little studied in the existing OM literature – to the detriment of the field. This article considers OM issues by employing the theories, data, and topics from the field of Women’s Studies. Our findings indicate that incorporating viewpoints from Women’s Studies can change what is considered research, improve the accuracy of OM research, extend existing studies in the field through new parameters, and open new areas of inquiry.
我们认为，对多样性、公平性和包容性的研究可以深化运营管理（OM）研究，并增加其相关性。具体而言，在现有的运营管理文献中，对性别角色的研究很少--这对该领域是不利的。本文通过运用妇女研究领域的理论、数据和主题来探讨运营管理问题。我们的研究结果表明，纳入妇女研究的观点可以改变被认为是研究的内容，提高 OM 研究的准确性，通过新的参数扩展该领域的现有研究，并开辟新的研究领域。
{"title":"EXPRESS: Research in Diversity: Lessons for Operations Management from the Women’S Studies Field","authors":"R. Metters, Jordana George","doi":"10.1177/10591478241238976","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/10591478241238976","url":null,"abstract":"We postulate that the study of diversity, equity, and inclusion can deepen and add relevance to research in operations management (OM). Specifically, the role of gender is little studied in the existing OM literature – to the detriment of the field. This article considers OM issues by employing the theories, data, and topics from the field of Women’s Studies. Our findings indicate that incorporating viewpoints from Women’s Studies can change what is considered research, improve the accuracy of OM research, extend existing studies in the field through new parameters, and open new areas of inquiry.","PeriodicalId":20623,"journal":{"name":"Production and Operations Management","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":5.0,"publicationDate":"2024-03-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140263272","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"管理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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