Silicon (Si) is not assigned to the group of components necessary for plants, yet studies proved that it affects plant growth and yield positively. Silicon is abundant in soils, but for plants it is available as unstable orthosilicate acid H4SiO4. Plants with the highest demand for silicon include monocotyledonous species (rice, sugarcane, wheat) which uptake it through an active transport and accumulate it at the level > 1% Si in dry matter. Silicon has been applied to soil and plants in the production of crops worldwide for many years. Low and very low levels of available silicon has been found in tropical soils and the plants grown under this climate positively responded to fertilization with Si (increase in crop yields has been observed). Beneficial activity of Si is especially pronounced at biotic (diseases and insects) and abiotic (drought and salinity) stress. The results of the most recent studies proved that inclusion of Si into fertilization programme is also reasonable in the countries with a temperate climate. The article presents forms of application and yield-forming effects of silicon in the selected crop species.
{"title":"The role and yield-forming effect of silicon application based on the example of global research","authors":"U. Sienkiewicz-Cholewa, A. Zajączkowska","doi":"10.14199/PPP-2020-034","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14199/PPP-2020-034","url":null,"abstract":"Silicon (Si) is not assigned to the group of components necessary for plants, yet studies proved that it affects plant growth and yield positively. Silicon is abundant in soils, but for plants it is available as unstable orthosilicate acid H4SiO4. Plants with the highest demand for silicon include monocotyledonous species (rice, sugarcane, wheat) which uptake it through an active transport and accumulate it at the level > 1% Si in dry matter. Silicon has been applied to soil and plants in the production of crops worldwide for many years. Low and very low levels of available silicon has been found in tropical soils and the plants grown under this climate positively responded to fertilization with Si (increase in crop yields has been observed). Beneficial activity of Si is especially pronounced at biotic (diseases and insects) and abiotic (drought and salinity) stress. The results of the most recent studies proved that inclusion of Si into fertilization programme is also reasonable in the countries with a temperate climate. The article presents forms of application and yield-forming effects of silicon in the selected crop species.","PeriodicalId":20625,"journal":{"name":"Progress in Plant Protection","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"66712571","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Observations male flight of the cherry bark tortrix (Enarmonia formosana Scop.) in an apple orchard during 2016–2020","authors":"","doi":"10.14199/ppp-2020-037","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14199/ppp-2020-037","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":20625,"journal":{"name":"Progress in Plant Protection","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"66712638","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
A. Wójtowicz, M. Wójtowicz, M. Pasternak, K. Pieczul, I. Świerczyńska, K. Sadowska
The aim of the study was to mathematically compile the effect of temperature on the length of the wheat brown rust incubation period. Experiments aimed at achieving this goal were carried out in quazi-natural conditions in the years 2013–2015. The experiments consisted in carrying out wheat inoculation with Puccinia recondita f. sp. tritici spores and determining the date of occurrence of the first brown rust disease symptoms. The obtained results were used to develop the model determining the length of the incubation period based on average daily air temperatures.
{"title":"Effect of thermal conditions on the incubation period of wheat leaf rust","authors":"A. Wójtowicz, M. Wójtowicz, M. Pasternak, K. Pieczul, I. Świerczyńska, K. Sadowska","doi":"10.14199/ppp-2020-008","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14199/ppp-2020-008","url":null,"abstract":"The aim of the study was to mathematically compile the effect of temperature on the length of the wheat brown rust incubation period. Experiments aimed at achieving this goal were carried out in quazi-natural conditions in the years 2013–2015. The experiments consisted in carrying out wheat inoculation with Puccinia recondita f. sp. tritici spores and determining the date of occurrence of the first brown rust disease symptoms. The obtained results were used to develop the model determining the length of the incubation period based on average daily air temperatures.","PeriodicalId":20625,"journal":{"name":"Progress in Plant Protection","volume":"60 1","pages":"57-64"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"66711985","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The paper discusses soil recovering and remediation methods. It describes process for carrying heavy metals (HM) into forms inaccessible to plants, with particular emphasis on the method of stabilising chemical forms of HM in soil, methods of partial removal of HM from soil (phytoremediation, phytodegradation and bioremediation) and land usage change. It points out the benefits of using nanotechnology in environmental protection and the possibility of using hybrid nanocompounds to solidify heavy metals regardless of soil pH. Soil liming is the cheapest effective and commonly used method for immobilising heavy metals. In the case of phytoremediation, the negative factor is its very long duration and the problem of utilisation of contaminated biomass.
{"title":"Methods for recovering natural values of degraded agricultural areas","authors":"J. Kowalska, Joanna Łukaszyk","doi":"10.14199/PPP-2020-014","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14199/PPP-2020-014","url":null,"abstract":"The paper discusses soil recovering and remediation methods. It describes process for carrying heavy metals (HM) into forms inaccessible to plants, with particular emphasis on the method of stabilising chemical forms of HM in soil, methods of partial removal of HM from soil (phytoremediation, phytodegradation and bioremediation) and land usage change. It points out the benefits of using nanotechnology in environmental protection and the possibility of using hybrid nanocompounds to solidify heavy metals regardless of soil pH. Soil liming is the cheapest effective and commonly used method for immobilising heavy metals. In the case of phytoremediation, the negative factor is its very long duration and the problem of utilisation of contaminated biomass.","PeriodicalId":20625,"journal":{"name":"Progress in Plant Protection","volume":"60 1","pages":"128-136"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"66712050","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
K. Pieczul, K. Kubiak, M. Budziszewska, I. Świerczyńska
The study aimed at using the digital droplet PCR (ddPCR) analysis to identify wheat infection by Tilletia caries (DC.) Tul. and Tilletia laevis Kühn in the early stages of plant development. The tests were carried out on winter wheat, artificially inoculated with T. caries and T. laevis teliospores. For the ddPCR tests wheat in development phases BBCH 10–32 and 75 development phases was collected. The ddPCR analysis showed the possibility of identifying pathogen’s DNA since the development phase of BBCH 10. In control plants – not infected with Tilletia spp. the presence of fungal DNA was not detected. According to the obtained results, it was also possible to trace the dynamics of pathogen DNA propagation in wheat tissues during a plant development.
采用数字液滴PCR (ddPCR)技术鉴定小麦龋Tilletia caries (DC.)侵染。图尔。和Tilletia laevis k hn在植物发育早期。试验在冬小麦上进行，人工接种了白斑田鼠和落叶田鼠的端孢子。为进行ddPCR试验，收集了生育期小麦bbch10 - 32和75个生育期小麦。ddPCR分析表明，可以鉴定出bbch10发育阶段以来的病原DNA。在未感染Tilletia的对照植物中，未检测到真菌DNA的存在。根据获得的结果，还可以追踪植物发育过程中小麦组织中病原体DNA繁殖的动态。
{"title":"Use of digital droplet PCR analysis in early diagnostics of winter wheat infection caused by Tilletia spp.","authors":"K. Pieczul, K. Kubiak, M. Budziszewska, I. Świerczyńska","doi":"10.14199/PPP-2020-019","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14199/PPP-2020-019","url":null,"abstract":"The study aimed at using the digital droplet PCR (ddPCR) analysis to identify wheat infection by Tilletia caries (DC.) Tul. and Tilletia laevis Kühn in the early stages of plant development. The tests were carried out on winter wheat, artificially inoculated with T. caries and T. laevis teliospores. For the ddPCR tests wheat in development phases BBCH 10–32 and 75 development phases was collected. The ddPCR analysis showed the possibility of identifying pathogen’s DNA since the development phase of BBCH 10. In control plants – not infected with Tilletia spp. the presence of fungal DNA was not detected. According to the obtained results, it was also possible to trace the dynamics of pathogen DNA propagation in wheat tissues during a plant development.","PeriodicalId":20625,"journal":{"name":"Progress in Plant Protection","volume":"60 1","pages":"173-178"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"66712152","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"The impact of ploughing and zero tillage soil cultivation on species diversity of ground-dwelling spiders in the cultivation of winter rape","authors":"","doi":"10.14199/ppp-2020-026","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14199/ppp-2020-026","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":20625,"journal":{"name":"Progress in Plant Protection","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"66712351","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Yellow foxtail [Setaria pumila (Poir.) Roem. & Schult.] in crops of Cieszyńskie Foothills","authors":"E. Chwastek, R. Idziak, H. Waligóra","doi":"10.14199/PPP-2020-002","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14199/PPP-2020-002","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":20625,"journal":{"name":"Progress in Plant Protection","volume":"60 1","pages":"11-16"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"66712089","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Influence of row spacing and harmfulness of weeds on yield and quality of flowers of German chamomile (Matricaria chamomilla L.) in spring sowing crops","authors":"","doi":"10.14199/ppp-2020-022","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14199/ppp-2020-022","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":20625,"journal":{"name":"Progress in Plant Protection","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"66712268","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The research was carried out in 2014–2017 at the Institute of Plant Breeding and Acclimatization, in the Jadwisin Branch, in the center of Poland. The subject of the research were potato tubers grown in an organic and conventional system, assessed for symptoms of common scab and black scurf. Seven cultivars belonging to two groups of earliness were examined. It was found that the share of tubers with common scab symptoms depended on the cultivar, the conditions prevailing in the research years and the production system. A higher share of infected tubers was found on tubers from the organic system, although statistically significant differences were observed in one year of research. The degree of tuber infestation depended on the variety and production system. Significant differentiation in terms of the share of tubers infected with Rhizoctonia solani and the degree of tuber infestation was observed between the cultivars and the production system. The cultivars Bogatka and Oberon were the least susceptible to infection with R. solani and bacteria of the genus Streptomyces in the organic system.
{"title":"Occurrence of common scab and black scurf in selected potato cultivars grown under organic and conventional crop production systems","authors":"K. Zarzyńska, M. Pietraszko, P. Barbaś","doi":"10.14199/PPP-2020-038","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14199/PPP-2020-038","url":null,"abstract":"The research was carried out in 2014–2017 at the Institute of Plant Breeding and Acclimatization, in the Jadwisin Branch, in the center of Poland. The subject of the research were potato tubers grown in an organic and conventional system, assessed for symptoms of common scab and black scurf. Seven cultivars belonging to two groups of earliness were examined. It was found that the share of tubers with common scab symptoms depended on the cultivar, the conditions prevailing in the research years and the production system. A higher share of infected tubers was found on tubers from the organic system, although statistically significant differences were observed in one year of research. The degree of tuber infestation depended on the variety and production system. Significant differentiation in terms of the share of tubers infected with Rhizoctonia solani and the degree of tuber infestation was observed between the cultivars and the production system. The cultivars Bogatka and Oberon were the least susceptible to infection with R. solani and bacteria of the genus Streptomyces in the organic system.","PeriodicalId":20625,"journal":{"name":"Progress in Plant Protection","volume":"60 1","pages":"343-350"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"66712695","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pepino mosaic virus (PepMV) is a highly infectious virus causing significant losses in tomato greenhouse production worldwide. One of the characteristic symptoms is yellowing discolorations of leaf blades, which is often accompanied by damage of the fruits. It has been found that, two independent point mutations in the gene encoding the coat protein (CP) are responsible for the formation of yellowing symptoms: G463AA/A463AA (155 aa) and GA497U/GG497U (166 aa), respectively. In our study, qPCR-HRM was used to distinguish mild and yellowing pathotypes. Appropriate primers, amplifying a fragment of the CP-encoding gene in which both yellowing mutations are located were designed. The analysis was carried out using 18 isolates originated from greenhouses in different region of Poland. Our experiments confirmed the effectiveness of the designed primers to differentiate the analyzed pathotypes. This technique is a valuable tool for detecting the diversity of PepMV.
{"title":"The use of quantitative PCR with high resolution melting (qPCR-HRM) analysis to distinguish the Polish mild and yellowing pathotypes of Pepino mosaic virus (PepMV)","authors":"J. Minicka, B. Komorowska, B. Hasiów‐Jaroszewska","doi":"10.14199/ppp-2020-001","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14199/ppp-2020-001","url":null,"abstract":"Pepino mosaic virus (PepMV) is a highly infectious virus causing significant losses in tomato greenhouse production worldwide. One of the characteristic symptoms is yellowing discolorations of leaf blades, which is often accompanied by damage of the fruits. It has been found that, two independent point mutations in the gene encoding the coat protein (CP) are responsible for the formation of yellowing symptoms: G463AA/A463AA (155 aa) and GA497U/GG497U (166 aa), respectively. In our study, qPCR-HRM was used to distinguish mild and yellowing pathotypes. Appropriate primers, amplifying a fragment of the CP-encoding gene in which both yellowing mutations are located were designed. The analysis was carried out using 18 isolates originated from greenhouses in different region of Poland. Our experiments confirmed the effectiveness of the designed primers to differentiate the analyzed pathotypes. This technique is a valuable tool for detecting the diversity of PepMV.","PeriodicalId":20625,"journal":{"name":"Progress in Plant Protection","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"66711806","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
京公网安备 11010802042870号
京ICP备2023020795号-1
扫码关注我们
求助内容：
应助结果提醒方式：