Polymer Testing最新文献_第9页

Viscoelastic interpretation of AFM nanoindentation for predicting nanoscale stiffness in soft biomaterials 预测柔软生物材料纳米级刚度的AFM纳米压痕的粘弹性解释

IF 6 2区材料科学 Q1 MATERIALS SCIENCE, CHARACTERIZATION & TESTING

Polymer Testing

Pub Date : 2025-12-01 Epub Date: 2025-10-31 DOI: 10.1016/j.polymertesting.2025.109026

Antonio Minopoli , Davide Evangelista , Matteo Marras , Giordano Perini , Valentina Palmieri , Marco De Spirito , Massimiliano Papi

Precise characterization of biomechanical properties at the micro- and nanoscale is essential for developing biomaterials for tissue engineering, regenerative medicine, and drug delivery. Traditional bulk techniques fail to capture the local mechanical heterogeneities of soft materials such as hydrogels, polymers, and biological tissues. Atomic force microscopy (AFM) nanoindentation enables high-resolution stiffness mapping under near-physiological conditions; however, the standard Hertz model assumes purely elastic behavior, overlooking the viscoelastic nature of most biological systems. This study relies on established viscoelastic models to better interpret rate-dependent mechanical responses in AFM nanoindentation experiments. Force-displacement curves were analyzed to separate elastic and viscous contributions and account for the effect of indentation speed. Experiments on four hydrogels (alginate, Cellink-RGD, GelMA, GelMA A) revealed nonlinear stiffening trends with increasing indentation rate, associated with polymer network dynamics and crosslinking density. Additional analyses on erythrocytes and zona pellucida confirmed their complex viscoelastic responses, highlighting physiological and pathological differences in cells and species-specific behavior in reproductive structures. Our approach provides a simple and effective method to predict nanoscale stiffness as a function of indentation rate, improving accuracy in nanomechanical characterization and supporting the design of advanced bioengineered constructs.

在微观和纳米尺度上精确表征生物力学特性对于开发用于组织工程、再生医学和药物输送的生物材料至关重要。传统的体块技术无法捕获软材料（如水凝胶、聚合物和生物组织）的局部机械异质性。原子力显微镜（AFM）纳米压痕实现了近生理条件下的高分辨率刚度映射；然而，标准赫兹模型假设纯弹性行为，忽略了大多数生物系统的粘弹性性质。本研究依靠已建立的粘弹性模型来更好地解释AFM纳米压痕实验中速率相关的机械反应。分析了力-位移曲线，分离了弹性和粘性贡献，并考虑了压痕速度的影响。对四种水凝胶（海藻酸盐、Cellink-RGD、GelMA、GelMA A）的实验表明，随着压痕率的增加，聚合物网络动力学和交联密度的增加，凝胶的非线性硬化趋势也随之增加。对红细胞和透明带的进一步分析证实了它们复杂的粘弹性反应，强调了生殖结构中细胞和物种特异性行为的生理和病理差异。我们的方法提供了一种简单有效的方法来预测纳米尺度刚度作为压痕率的函数，提高了纳米力学表征的准确性，并支持了先进生物工程结构的设计。

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引用次数: 0

Powder Aging Effects on Mechanical and Fire Properties of a Flame Retardant PA12 in Laser Powder Bed Fusion 粉末老化对激光粉末床熔合阻燃剂PA12力学性能和防火性能的影响

IF 6 2区材料科学 Q1 MATERIALS SCIENCE, CHARACTERIZATION & TESTING

Polymer Testing

Pub Date : 2025-12-01 Epub Date: 2025-11-13 DOI: 10.1016/j.polymertesting.2025.109048

Paul Roumeliotis , Samuel Schlicht , Rainer Detsch , Qaisar Nawaz , Aldo R. Boccaccini , Dietmar Drummer

Flame retardant polymer based powders for laser based powder bed fusion (PBF-LB/P) are currently not reusable. This leads to crucial economic and environmental disadvantages of the process, when using flame retardant powder. In this study, we demonstrate the processability and emerging part characteristics of samples manufactured from 100 % reused powder, based on a flame retardant system of ammonium polyphosphate and pentaerythritol, opening the possibility to understand the aging process behind flame retardant powders for PBF-LB/P. To investigate the effect of aging during manufacturing, mixtures from virgin PA12 and flame retardant additives, aged PA12 and aged flame retardant additives and combinations of virgin and aged powder were prepared. The mixtures were processed using PBF-LB/P and investigated regarding the impact of PA12 and flame retardant additives. Our findings indicate both the formation of agglomerations and mutual chemical reactions between the flame retardant additives, particularly through esterification reactions. The agglomeration and aging of PA12 hinder the coalescence of the powder, resulting in reduced mechanical properties. In contrast to the mechanical characteristics, aged specimens demonstrate enhanced burning behavior, yielding an increase of the LOI by 1.2 pp and a V-0 rating for specimens of 3 mm thickness for aged powder compared to virgin powder. Moreover, the aging is associated with distinct influences on the burning behavior during cone calorimetry testing. While aged flame retardant additives cause a steep increase of HRR within the first seconds of ignition, followed by a decline and plateau formation, aged PA12 shows a slower increase in HRR, followed by a plateau formation on a higher HRR level.

用于激光粉末床熔合（PBF-LB/P）的阻燃聚合物基粉末目前是不可重复使用的。当使用阻燃粉时，这导致了关键的经济和环境缺点。在本研究中，我们展示了基于聚磷酸铵和季戊四醇阻燃体系的100%重复使用粉末制造样品的可加工性和新零件特征，为了解PBF-LB/P阻燃粉末背后的老化过程提供了可能性。为了考察老化对生产过程的影响，制备了原PA12与阻燃剂、老化PA12与老化阻燃剂的混合物以及原PA12与老化粉末的组合。采用PBF-LB/P对混合物进行处理，并考察了PA12和阻燃添加剂对混合物的影响。我们的研究结果表明，阻燃添加剂之间既存在团块的形成，也存在相互的化学反应，特别是通过酯化反应。PA12的团聚和老化阻碍了粉末的聚并，导致力学性能下降。与力学特性相反，老化样品表现出增强的燃烧行为，与未处理的粉末相比，3mm厚度的老化粉末样品的LOI增加了1.2 pp， V-0等级。此外，在锥量热测试中，老化对燃烧行为有明显的影响。老化的阻燃剂添加剂在点燃的头几秒内导致HRR急剧上升，随后下降并形成平台，而老化的PA12的HRR上升速度较慢，随后在较高的HRR水平上形成平台。

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引用次数: 0

Effect of high-temperature high-speed airflow on the thermo-oxidative aging of epoxy polymer and composite: An experimental study 高温高速气流对环氧聚合物及复合材料热氧化老化影响的实验研究

IF 6 2区材料科学 Q1 MATERIALS SCIENCE, CHARACTERIZATION & TESTING

Polymer Testing

Pub Date : 2025-12-01 Epub Date: 2025-10-29 DOI: 10.1016/j.polymertesting.2025.109019

Aurélien Doriat , Marco Gigliotti , Marianne Beringhier , Gildas Lalizel , Eva Dorignac , Patrick Berterretche , Matteo Minervino

The objective of this study is to investigate the effect of the airflow on the thermo-oxidative aging of polymer matrix composites (PMCs). Understanding how airflow affects the aging process is crucial for designing composite parts subjected to airflow conditions, such as in aeronautics. We conducted tests in an oven at 150 °C and in wind tunnel at Mach 0.85 to compare static and dynamic aging conditions. The airflow conditions are determined using a Reynolds Averaged Navier–Stokes (RANS) Computational Fluid Dynamic (CFD) simulation to estimate the pressure and temperature conditions at any point of the air-polymer interface. The oxidation is characterized by colorimetric and roughness testing. Based on our experimental data and simulation results, we show that the compressibility effect of the airflow affects the pressure field at the interface and the thermal boundary layer affects the temperature of the samples. The samples aged in the wind tunnel are always more oxidized than those aged under oven conditions. The airflow accelerates the thermo-oxidation by mainly increasing the static pressure.

研究了气流对聚合物基复合材料热氧化老化的影响。了解气流如何影响老化过程对于设计受气流条件影响的复合材料部件至关重要，例如在航空领域。我们在150°C的烘箱和0.85马赫的风洞中进行了测试，比较了静态和动态老化条件。采用雷诺平均纳维-斯托克斯（RANS）计算流体动力学（CFD）模拟来确定气流条件，以估计空气-聚合物界面任意点的压力和温度条件。氧化是由比色和粗糙度测试表征。基于实验数据和仿真结果，我们发现气流的压缩效应影响了界面处的压力场，热边界层影响了样品的温度。在风洞中老化的样品总是比在烘箱条件下老化的样品更容易氧化。气流主要通过增加静压来加速热氧化。

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引用次数: 0

Thermal and mechanical properties of sustainable rigid polyurethane foam composites reinforced with coffee husk fillers 咖啡壳填料增强可持续硬质聚氨酯泡沫复合材料的热力学性能

IF 6 2区材料科学 Q1 MATERIALS SCIENCE, CHARACTERIZATION & TESTING

Polymer Testing

Pub Date : 2025-12-01 Epub Date: 2025-11-05 DOI: 10.1016/j.polymertesting.2025.109028

Kicoun Jean-Yves N’Zi Toure , Alassane Compaore , Desmond Klenam , Tabiri Kwayie Asumadu , John David Obayemi , Merenga Abdallah Sarroney , Edja Florentin Assanvo , Nima Rahbar , Winston Oluwole Soboyejo

Coffee husk waste fibers (CHWFs) offer a sustainable solution for reinforcing bio-based polyurethane foams. This study investigates the use of CHWFs in rigid polyurethane foams (RPUFs) synthesized from cashew nutshell-based polyol and evaluates mechanical, thermal, and combustion properties. Uniquely, three CHWF treatments based on untreated, mercerized, and grafted processes were comparatively analyzed to assess overall impact on foam performance. Mercerization increased cellulose content and crystallinity, whereas grafting enhanced moisture resistance and ash content. The CHWF addition reduced pore size and improved thermal stability, with onset temperature increasing from 279.9°C to 334.4°C for neat foam, whereas the peak decomposition temperatures from 318.7°C, 403.9°C, 449.2°C–321.5°C, 408.1°C, 459.9°C respectively for reinforced foams. Cone calorimeter tests at 30 kW/m² showed significant reduction in release rate of heat, CO/CO₂ emissions, and smoke with increasing fiber content. This work presents a novel dual-waste composite approach with enhanced fire safety and environmental value by combining two underutilized agro-wastes (coffee husks and cashew nutshells). Thus, these results highlight the potential of CHWFs as green reinforcements in high-performance, fire-safe RPUF composites.

咖啡壳废料纤维（CHWFs）为增强生物基聚氨酯泡沫提供了可持续的解决方案。本研究探讨了CHWFs在腰果壳多元醇合成的硬质聚氨酯泡沫（RPUFs）中的应用，并评估了其机械、热学和燃烧性能。独特的是，三种基于未经处理、丝光和接枝工艺的CHWF处理进行了比较分析，以评估对泡沫性能的总体影响。丝光处理提高了纤维素含量和结晶度，而接枝提高了抗湿性和灰分含量。CHWF的加入减小了孔隙尺寸，提高了热稳定性，纯泡沫的起始温度从279.9℃升高到334.4℃，而增强泡沫的峰值分解温度分别为318.7℃、403.9℃、449.2℃- 321.5℃、408.1℃、459.9℃。30 kW/m2的锥形量热计测试表明，随着纤维含量的增加，热量释放率、CO/CO2排放量和烟雾显著降低。这项工作提出了一种新的双废物复合方法，通过结合两种未充分利用的农业废物（咖啡壳和腰果壳），提高了消防安全和环境价值。因此，这些结果突出了CHWFs作为高性能，防火RPUF复合材料的绿色增强材料的潜力。

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引用次数: 0

Upcycled PET vitrimer filaments via reactive extrusion for high strength heat resistant and repairable FDM parts 通过反应挤压升级PET玻璃体长丝，用于高强度耐热和可修复的FDM部件

IF 6 2区材料科学 Q1 MATERIALS SCIENCE, CHARACTERIZATION & TESTING

Polymer Testing

Pub Date : 2025-12-01 Epub Date: 2025-10-31 DOI: 10.1016/j.polymertesting.2025.109027

Salah Sabeeh , Sameer Algburi , Q. Alkhawlani , Feryal Ibrahim Jabbar , Mohammed El-Meligy , Haitham A. Mahmoud

Global plastic waste streams motivate routes that convert polyethylene terephthalate into durable, repairable parts through additive manufacturing. The central question addressed is whether a continuous reactive-extrusion process can transform polyethylene terephthalate flakes into vitrimer filaments that deliver high strength, heat resistance, and repairability with practical energy and cost. Developed a twin-screw reactive-extrusion route that couples grafting and vacuum devolatilization with in-line drawing to 1.75 mm filament, and verified transesterification and imine exchange using infrared spectroscopy, solid-state carbon nuclear magnetic resonance, gel fraction, and Flory–Rehner analysis. Rheology and stress-relaxation defined a topology-freezing window of 120–145 °C and activation energies of 148–190 kJ mol⁻¹, guiding print settings and post-print repair schedules. Printing at 252–255 °C nozzle, 85 °C bed, and 0.20 mm layers produced consistent deposition; mechanical testing reached tensile strength up to 63 MPa, interlayer shear 28–30 MPa, and heat-deflection temperature of 120–125 °C. Weld repair at 150–180 °C restored about 80 % tensile strength, and five melt reprocessings retained about 95 % heat-deflection temperature with modest viscosity drift. Microscopy showed wider inter-bead necks and about 1.6 % porosity with nano-silica, consistent with tougher interfaces. Process energy use totaled 1.70 kWh kg⁻¹ and modeled cost was $1.69 kg⁻¹ with major contributions from feed at $0.752 and electricity at $0.345. The study demonstrates a scalable pathway to high-strength, heat-resistant, and repairable vitrimer parts from waste polyethylene terephthalate with quantified performance, energy, and cost.

全球塑料废物流激发了通过增材制造将聚对苯二甲酸乙二醇酯转化为耐用、可修复部件的路线。研究的核心问题是，连续反应挤出工艺是否可以将聚对苯二甲酸乙二醇酯薄片转化为具有高强度、耐热性和可修复性的玻璃钢长丝，并且具有实际的能源和成本。开发了一种双螺杆反应挤出路线，将接枝和真空脱挥发结合在一起，直列拉伸至1.75 mm长丝，并通过红外光谱、固体碳核磁共振、凝胶分数和Flory-Rehner分析验证了酯交换和亚胺交换。流变学和应力松弛定义了120-145°C的拓扑冻结窗口和148-190 kJ mol−1的活化能，指导打印设置和打印后修复计划。打印在252-255°C喷嘴，85°C床，0.20 mm层产生一致的沉积；力学测试达到抗拉强度63 MPa，层间剪切28 ~ 30 MPa，热挠曲温度120 ~ 125℃。150-180°C的焊缝修复恢复了约80%的抗拉强度，五种熔体再处理保留了约95%的热挠曲温度，并具有适度的粘度漂移。显微镜观察显示，纳米二氧化硅的孔隙率约为1.6%，与较硬的界面相一致。过程能耗总计为1.70 kWh kg - 1，模型成本为1.69 kg - 1，主要来自饲料的贡献为0.752美元，电费为0.345美元。该研究展示了一种可扩展的途径，可以从废弃的聚对苯二甲酸乙二醇酯中获得高强度、耐热和可修复的玻璃体部件，并具有量化的性能、能源和成本。

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引用次数: 0

Scaffold-engineered PVDF–graphene oxide membranes for gel and quasi-solid electrolytes in lithium metal batteries 支架工程pvdf -氧化石墨烯膜用于锂金属电池中的凝胶和准固体电解质

IF 6 2区材料科学 Q1 MATERIALS SCIENCE, CHARACTERIZATION & TESTING

Polymer Testing

Pub Date : 2025-12-01 Epub Date: 2025-11-05 DOI: 10.1016/j.polymertesting.2025.109034

Wei-Fan Kuan , Meng-Wen Chiu , Ting-Syuan Huang , Nguyen Thuy Dung

In this study, asymmetric polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) membranes incorporating graphene oxide (GO) are developed as multifunctional electrolyte scaffolds for both gel and quasi-solid-state lithium metal batteries. Introduction of GO is found to enhance β-phase crystalline of PVDF, thereby improving the ion transport properties. At an optimal loading, the GO-modified PVDF (PVDF-GO₁₀₀) membrane achieves a favorable performance, including low interfacial resistance, high Li⁺ transference number, and reduced nucleation overpotential, which collectively promote uniform Li deposition and suppress dendrite growth. In Li||LiFePO₄ full cells, gel electrolytes based on PVDF-GO₁₀₀ enable excellent rate capability of 100 mAh g⁻¹ at 10C and 80 % capacity retention after 300 cycles at 0.5C. When employed as a porous scaffold for in-situ polymerization of 1,3-dioxolane (DOL), the resulting PVDF-GO₁₀₀-polyDOL quasi-solid electrolyte further demonstrates superior cycling performance, maintaining 77 mAh g⁻¹ at 10C and 77 % capacity retention after 300 cycles under 0.5C at room temperature. These findings highlight GO-modified PVDF membranes as a versatile and durable platform for high-performance gel and quasi-solid-state lithium metal batteries with enhanced stability and prolonged cycle life.

在这项研究中，不对称聚偏氟乙烯（PVDF）膜结合氧化石墨烯（GO）被开发为凝胶和准固态锂金属电池的多功能电解质支架。发现氧化石墨烯的引入增强了PVDF的β相结晶，从而改善了离子输运性能。在最佳负载下，氧化石墨烯修饰的PVDF （PVDF- go100）膜具有较低的界面电阻、较高的Li+转移数和较低的成核过电位，共同促进了均匀的Li沉积，抑制了枝晶的生长。在Li b| |LiFePO4充满电池中，基于PVDF-GO100的凝胶电解质在10C下具有100 mAh g - 1的优异倍率能力，在0.5C下循环300次后容量保持率为80%。作为原位聚合1,3-二氧唑烷（DOL）的多孔支架，所制备的PVDF-GO100-polyDOL准固体电解质进一步表现出优异的循环性能，在10C下保持77 mAh g−1，在室温0.5C下循环300次后保持77%的容量。这些发现强调了氧化石墨烯修饰的PVDF膜作为高性能凝胶和准固态锂金属电池的通用和耐用平台，具有更高的稳定性和更长的循环寿命。

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引用次数: 0

Immobilization of methane monooxygenase in polyvinyl alcohol hydrogels for enhanced methanol production: Insights into catalytic efficiency and industrial applicability 在聚乙烯醇水凝胶中固定化甲烷单加氧酶以提高甲醇产量：对催化效率和工业适用性的见解

IF 6 2区材料科学 Q1 MATERIALS SCIENCE, CHARACTERIZATION & TESTING

Polymer Testing

Pub Date : 2025-12-01 Epub Date: 2025-10-31 DOI: 10.1016/j.polymertesting.2025.109029

Taleeha Roheen , Shagufta Kamal , Saima Rehman , Ismat Bibi , Tanvir Ahmed , Osama A. Mohammed , Fatimah M. Alzahrani , Munawar Iqbal

The utilization of Sphingomonas-MT for the isolation of methane monooxygenases (MMO) has garnered significant attention due to the growing focus on selective activation of methane under moderate conditions, particularly for utilizing new sources of natural gas pollution, for controlling its emission in the environment. This study explores the immobilization of soluble methane monooxygenase (sMMO) within polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) hydrogel matrices, evaluating its catalytic performance, stability, and reusability to optimize the conversion of methane to methanol. Methane concentration less than 2 ± 0.5 g/L was found to be suitable for a higher methanotrophic growth rate (0.075 ± 0.5

μ_{\max}

h⁻¹) and sMMO production (2.5 ± 0.25 U) after 48 h. The polyvinyl alcohol immobilized soluble methane monooxygenase (PVA-sMMO) displayed the highest immobilization yield and immobilization efficiency of 78.20 ± 1.10 %, and 86.40 ± 1.25 %, respectively, under optimum conditions. The PVA-sMMO exhibits the highest activity (610 ± 1.15 Ug⁻¹ of PVA) and RSM analysis identified the optimal conditions for maximum enzyme activity as follows: temperature 38 °C, pH 7.72, inoculum size 3.8 mL, and a carbon-to-nitrogen (C: N) ratio 0.58, ensuring the robustness of PVA-sMMO in industrial processes. A high value of

K_{m}

(1.44 mM) for PVA-sMMO and superior reusability of about 70 % after ten cycles, highlight the potential for sustained methanol production. EDX spectra confirmed the successful covalent immobilization of sMMO on the gel. The study also tracked methanol production over time, revealing consistent yields and highlighting the potential of PVA-immobilized sMMO for continuous, sustainable enzymatic processes. The improved stability and reusability of the PVA-sMMO system enhance its suitability for large-scale applications, meeting the rising demand for eco-friendly and efficient methane conversion technologies.

利用Sphingomonas-MT分离甲烷单加氧酶（MMO）引起了人们的广泛关注，因为人们越来越关注甲烷在中等条件下的选择性活化，特别是利用新的天然气污染源，以控制其在环境中的排放。本研究探讨了可溶性甲烷单加氧酶（sMMO）在聚乙烯醇（PVA）水凝胶基质中的固定化，评估了其催化性能、稳定性和可重复使用性，以优化甲烷转化为甲醇。在此条件下，聚乙烯醇固定化可溶性甲烷单加氧酶（PVA-sMMO）的固定化率和固定化效率最高，分别为78.20±1.10%和86.40±1.25%。PVA- smmo表现出最高的PVA活性（610±1.15 Ug−1），RSM分析确定了酶活性最高的最佳条件为温度38°C， pH 7.72，接种量3.8 mL，碳氮比0.58，确保了PVA- smmo在工业过程中的鲁棒性。PVA-sMMO的高Km值（1.44 mM）和10个循环后约70%的卓越可重复使用性，突出了持续甲醇生产的潜力。EDX光谱证实了sMMO在凝胶上成功的共价固定。该研究还跟踪了一段时间内的甲醇产量，揭示了一致的产量，并强调了pva固定化sMMO在连续、可持续的酶促过程中的潜力。PVA-sMMO系统的稳定性和可重用性提高了其大规模应用的适用性，满足了对环保高效甲烷转化技术日益增长的需求。

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引用次数: 0

Accelerated sulfur vulcanization of silica-filled natural rubber analyzed by rubber-state NMR spectroscopy 用橡胶态核磁共振光谱分析了含硅天然橡胶的硫加速硫化

IF 6 2区材料科学 Q1 MATERIALS SCIENCE, CHARACTERIZATION & TESTING

Polymer Testing

Pub Date : 2025-12-01 Epub Date: 2025-11-07 DOI: 10.1016/j.polymertesting.2025.109037

Seiichi Kawahara , Kodai Fukushige , Thuong Nghiem Thi , Nghia Phan Trung , Yoshimasa Yamamoto

An optimal concentration (in phr) of vulcanization accelerator was determined for the preparation of silica-filled natural rubber (NR) vulcanizates without the use of a silane coupling agent, achieving outstanding mechanical properties. The silica-filled NR vulcanizates were prepared from 50 phr silica filled NR by accelerated sulfur vulcanization with N-tert-butyl-2-benzothiazyl sulfenamide (TBBS) at concentrations ranging from 0.7 to 12.0 phr, in combination with stearic acid, zinc oxide, and sulfur. The resulting vulcanizates were characterized by swelling method, uniaxial tensile test, and rubber-state nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy. The optimal vulcanization time decreased with increasing TBBS concentration, reaching its minimum at 5.5 phr of TBBS. Crosslink density and the stresses at 100 % and 300 % strains increased with increasing TBBS concentration. The stress at break also depended on the TBBS concentration, reaching a maximum value of approximately 34.6 MPa at 5.5 phr. Rubber-state NMR spectroscopy revealed that accelerated sulfur vulcanization occurred at TBBS concentrations above 3.5 phr. Based on these results, the optimal TBBS concentration for the preparation of silica-filled NR vulcanizates was determined to be 5.5 phr.

确定了在不使用硅烷偶联剂的情况下，制备硅填充天然橡胶（NR）硫化胶的最佳硫化促进剂浓度（phr），获得了优异的力学性能。以50 phr的二氧化硅填充NR为原料，在0.7 ~ 12.0 phr的浓度范围内，与硬脂酸、氧化锌和硫混合，采用n -叔丁基-2-苯并噻唑磺酰胺（TBBS）进行硫加速硫化，制备了二氧化硅填充NR硫化胶。通过膨胀法、单轴拉伸试验和橡胶态核磁共振（NMR）光谱对所制得的硫化胶进行了表征。最佳硫化时间随TBBS浓度的增加而减小，在TBBS浓度为5.5 phr时达到最小。交联密度和100%和300%应变下的应力随TBBS浓度的增加而增加。断裂应力也与TBBS浓度有关，在5.5 phr时达到最大值约为34.6 MPa。橡胶态核磁共振光谱显示，TBBS浓度高于3.5 phr时，硫的加速硫化发生。在此基础上，确定了制备二氧化硅填充NR硫化胶的最佳TBBS浓度为5.5 phr。

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引用次数: 0

Triboresponsive behavior of mechanochromic luminescent molecule containing polymers 含聚合物的机械致变色发光分子的摩擦响应行为

IF 6 2区材料科学 Q1 MATERIALS SCIENCE, CHARACTERIZATION & TESTING

Polymer Testing

Pub Date : 2025-12-01 Epub Date: 2025-11-05 DOI: 10.1016/j.polymertesting.2025.109033

Chenglong Lu , Jiayi Li , Weijun Zhao , Zhe Zhang

Mechanochromic luminescent (MCL) materials have recently garnered significant attention in intelligent sensing, information encryption, and flexible displays. Although plenty of MCL polymer blends have been reported, but the investigations of the effects of the loading conditions on MCL behavior are still inadequate, which highly restricts the further engineering applications. In this study, a MCL molecule doped polyurethane film was fabricated. The effects of luminogen content, applied force, and sliding linear velocity on triboluminescence (TL) performance were investigated using a tribological testing platform. The results indicate that both luminogen content and morphology have significant influence on TL intensity. The uniformly distributed fine luminogen particles can provide high effectively MCL response. The overloaded applied force squeezes the MCL luminogens from the center to the edge of the friction track and cause the damage of the film surface, restricting the TL intensity. Furthermore, an increased sliding linear velocity leads to a reduced TL intensity.

机械致变色发光（MCL）材料近年来在智能传感、信息加密和柔性显示等领域引起了广泛的关注。虽然已经报道了大量的MCL共混物，但对加载条件对MCL性能影响的研究仍然不足，这极大地限制了其进一步的工程应用。本研究制备了一种掺杂MCL分子的聚氨酯薄膜。在摩擦学测试平台上研究了发光材料含量、施加的作用力和滑动线速度对摩擦发光性能的影响。结果表明，发光物质的含量和形态对发光强度有显著影响。均匀分布的发光微粒可以提供高效的MCL响应。过载的施加力将MCL发光源从摩擦轨迹的中心挤压到边缘，造成薄膜表面的损伤，限制了TL强度。此外，滑动线速度的增加导致TL强度的降低。

引用次数: 0

Optimization of 3D printing parameters for recycled polybutylene succinate (PBS) using a granule-based 3D printer 基于颗粒的3D打印机优化再生丁二酸聚丁二烯（PBS）的3D打印参数

IF 6 2区材料科学 Q1 MATERIALS SCIENCE, CHARACTERIZATION & TESTING

Polymer Testing

Pub Date : 2025-12-01 Epub Date: 2025-11-07 DOI: 10.1016/j.polymertesting.2025.109038

Laura Aliotta , Vito Gigante , Aimè Duniau , Serena Gabrielli , Fabrizio Sarasini , Jacopo Tirillò , Andrea Lazzeri

In recent years, the use of recycled materials in 3D printing has gained significant attention due to its potential for sustainability and cost-effectiveness. This study opens the possibility of exploring bio-based recycled materials for additive manufacturing, and for the first time, investigates the use of recycled polybutylene succinate (PBS) for 3D printing applications. Particular attention was devoted to optimizing the mechanical properties by varying the printing speed and raster angles. Recycled PBS has proven to be a valuable polymer, allowing for excellent mechanical properties through optimized processing parameters. Additionally, its rapid crystallization kinetics facilitate uniform final crystallinity across sequentially deposited layers. The synergistic application of mechanical, thermal and morphological characterization techniques provided comprehensive insights into the performance and applicability of recycled PBS, highlighting the critical influence of process parameter optimization on achieving optimal material properties. Finally, the use of a 3D printer that utilizes granules not only broadens the application of recycled materials in 3D printing, thereby enhancing the sustainability of the printed components, but also contributes to a reduction in the costs associated with filament production.

近年来，由于其可持续性和成本效益的潜力，在3D打印中使用回收材料获得了极大的关注。这项研究开启了探索生物基再生材料用于增材制造的可能性，并首次研究了再生聚丁二酸丁二烯（PBS）在3D打印应用中的使用。特别注意通过改变印刷速度和光栅角度来优化机械性能。再生PBS已被证明是一种有价值的聚合物，通过优化的加工参数可以获得优异的机械性能。此外，它的快速结晶动力学有助于在顺序沉积层之间均匀的最终结晶度。机械、热学和形态学表征技术的协同应用为再生PBS的性能和适用性提供了全面的见解，突出了工艺参数优化对实现最佳材料性能的关键影响。最后，利用颗粒的3D打印机不仅扩大了回收材料在3D打印中的应用，从而增强了打印部件的可持续性，而且还有助于降低与长丝生产相关的成本。

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