Pub Date : 2018-06-13DOI: 10.1080/03602559.2017.1354224
Ya Li, W. Zhen
ABSTRACT The poly(lactic acid)-γ-cyclodextrin inclusion complex-poly(lactic acid) multibranched polymers were prepared by reactive extrusion process with L-lactide as raw material, stannous octoate as catalyst and the carboxyl poly(lactic acid)-γ-cyclodextrin inclusion compound as cores prepared by ultrasonic coprecipitation and carboxylation reaction. It was shown that the comprehensive performance of poly(lactic acid)-γ-cyclodextrin inclusion complex-poly(lactic acid) had been significantly improved compared with liner poly(lactic acid) by the study of structure and properties. Thus, the novel poly(lactic acid)-γ-cyclodextrin inclusion complex-poly(lactic acid) multibranched polymers have a potential use in biomedical materials. This study provided a simple and feasible preparation method for improving the performance of poly(lactic acid). GRAPHICAL ABSTRACT
{"title":"Preparation and Performance of Poly(Lactic Acid)-γ-Cyclodextrin Inclusion Complex-Poly(Lactic Acid) Multibranched Polymers by the Reactive Extrusion Process","authors":"Ya Li, W. Zhen","doi":"10.1080/03602559.2017.1354224","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/03602559.2017.1354224","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT The poly(lactic acid)-γ-cyclodextrin inclusion complex-poly(lactic acid) multibranched polymers were prepared by reactive extrusion process with L-lactide as raw material, stannous octoate as catalyst and the carboxyl poly(lactic acid)-γ-cyclodextrin inclusion compound as cores prepared by ultrasonic coprecipitation and carboxylation reaction. It was shown that the comprehensive performance of poly(lactic acid)-γ-cyclodextrin inclusion complex-poly(lactic acid) had been significantly improved compared with liner poly(lactic acid) by the study of structure and properties. Thus, the novel poly(lactic acid)-γ-cyclodextrin inclusion complex-poly(lactic acid) multibranched polymers have a potential use in biomedical materials. This study provided a simple and feasible preparation method for improving the performance of poly(lactic acid). GRAPHICAL ABSTRACT","PeriodicalId":20629,"journal":{"name":"Polymer-Plastics Technology and Engineering","volume":"113 1","pages":"836 - 849"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-06-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85280250","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-06-13DOI: 10.1080/03602559.2017.1354225
Shuling Deng, Linmin Cao, Debin Kong, Zhidan Lin
ABSTRACT Syndiotactic polystyrene/poly(phenylene sulfide)/carbon nanotube ternary nanocomposites were prepared using a controlled melt blending process. The composites exhibited sea–island structures of syndiotactic polystyrene as continuous phase and poly(phenylene sulfide) as dispersed phase, and carbon nanotubes were concentrated on the interface or in the syndiotactic polystyrene phase. As a result, the theoretical percolation threshold of the composite was reduced to 0.399 wt%. Moreover, the electrical conductivity of the composite remained stable even after being processed for several times. Results revealed a particular effect of carbon nanotubes that their presence can enhance the dispersion of phases and provide conductivity to the blend at low contents in this system. GRAPHICAL ABSTRACT
{"title":"sPS/PPS/Carbon Nanotube Ternary Composites with Improved Conductivity by Controlled Melt Blending Process","authors":"Shuling Deng, Linmin Cao, Debin Kong, Zhidan Lin","doi":"10.1080/03602559.2017.1354225","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/03602559.2017.1354225","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Syndiotactic polystyrene/poly(phenylene sulfide)/carbon nanotube ternary nanocomposites were prepared using a controlled melt blending process. The composites exhibited sea–island structures of syndiotactic polystyrene as continuous phase and poly(phenylene sulfide) as dispersed phase, and carbon nanotubes were concentrated on the interface or in the syndiotactic polystyrene phase. As a result, the theoretical percolation threshold of the composite was reduced to 0.399 wt%. Moreover, the electrical conductivity of the composite remained stable even after being processed for several times. Results revealed a particular effect of carbon nanotubes that their presence can enhance the dispersion of phases and provide conductivity to the blend at low contents in this system. GRAPHICAL ABSTRACT","PeriodicalId":20629,"journal":{"name":"Polymer-Plastics Technology and Engineering","volume":"772 1","pages":"850 - 859"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-06-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"76112414","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-06-13DOI: 10.1080/03602559.2017.1354253
Ashutosh Kumar Singh, B. P. Panda, S. Mohanty, S. Nayak, M. Gupta
ABSTRACT The development of new polymer-based conductive adhesives with specific performances and improved conductivity are increasingly critical for thermally interface material (TIM). Epoxy resins have been widely used as a common interface material for conductive adhesives due to its well-known ability to accept wide range of fillers possibly derived from carbon, metallic or ceramic sources. These conductive fillers with high inherent thermal conductivity, together with a possibility to characterize and manipulate the system, leads to the production of thermally conductive adhesives with higher knowledge content for a number of electronics applications. GRAPHICAL ABSTRACT
{"title":"Recent Developments on Epoxy-Based Thermally Conductive Adhesives (TCA): A Review","authors":"Ashutosh Kumar Singh, B. P. Panda, S. Mohanty, S. Nayak, M. Gupta","doi":"10.1080/03602559.2017.1354253","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/03602559.2017.1354253","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT The development of new polymer-based conductive adhesives with specific performances and improved conductivity are increasingly critical for thermally interface material (TIM). Epoxy resins have been widely used as a common interface material for conductive adhesives due to its well-known ability to accept wide range of fillers possibly derived from carbon, metallic or ceramic sources. These conductive fillers with high inherent thermal conductivity, together with a possibility to characterize and manipulate the system, leads to the production of thermally conductive adhesives with higher knowledge content for a number of electronics applications. GRAPHICAL ABSTRACT","PeriodicalId":20629,"journal":{"name":"Polymer-Plastics Technology and Engineering","volume":"58 1","pages":"903 - 934"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-06-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"75347967","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-06-13DOI: 10.1080/03602559.2017.1354226
Nikit Deoray, B. Kandasubramanian
ABSTRACT The proficiency to three-dimensional (3D) interweaves engineering complex structures enables component engineering with heterogeneous geometries, attributing mechanically robust lightweight cellular structures. 3D printing proffers versatile contingencies toward the single-step engineering of near-net heterogeneous 3D structure for engineering application. For enhancing the current spectrum of 3D printing technologies and rising concern toward environmental issues, 3D printing of bioactive polylactic acid is extensively exploited owing to its biodegradability and renewable aspects. Synchronously, curiosity for 3D printed composites through fiber infusion has led to the configuration of high-performance composites with augmented mechanical, physical, and chemical attributes, paving its way for wide-array engineering applications. GRAPHICAL ABSTRACT
{"title":"Review on Three-Dimensionally Emulated Fiber-Embedded Lactic Acid Polymer Composites: Opportunities in Engineering Sector","authors":"Nikit Deoray, B. Kandasubramanian","doi":"10.1080/03602559.2017.1354226","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/03602559.2017.1354226","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT The proficiency to three-dimensional (3D) interweaves engineering complex structures enables component engineering with heterogeneous geometries, attributing mechanically robust lightweight cellular structures. 3D printing proffers versatile contingencies toward the single-step engineering of near-net heterogeneous 3D structure for engineering application. For enhancing the current spectrum of 3D printing technologies and rising concern toward environmental issues, 3D printing of bioactive polylactic acid is extensively exploited owing to its biodegradability and renewable aspects. Synchronously, curiosity for 3D printed composites through fiber infusion has led to the configuration of high-performance composites with augmented mechanical, physical, and chemical attributes, paving its way for wide-array engineering applications. GRAPHICAL ABSTRACT","PeriodicalId":20629,"journal":{"name":"Polymer-Plastics Technology and Engineering","volume":"87 1","pages":"860 - 874"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-06-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82206495","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-05-24DOI: 10.1080/03602559.2017.1344857
Tao Huang, Yanling Wang, G. Wang
ABSTRACT Owing to their complex structural characteristics, 3D woven composites display different mechanical properties and failure modes from traditional composite laminates. The relations between the weaving geometry and main mechanical properties of composites are obtained by studying the internal structures of 3D woven textile. This paper reviews the research on the mechanical behavior such as tension, compression, shear, flexural, and impact properties, and analytical models of 3D woven polymer matrix composites mainly in four major inner structures and discusses the development of mechanical properties and applications of 3D woven fabrics and suggests further studies on aero industry. GRAPHICAL ABSTRACT
{"title":"Review of the Mechanical Properties of a 3D Woven Composite and Its Applications","authors":"Tao Huang, Yanling Wang, G. Wang","doi":"10.1080/03602559.2017.1344857","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/03602559.2017.1344857","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Owing to their complex structural characteristics, 3D woven composites display different mechanical properties and failure modes from traditional composite laminates. The relations between the weaving geometry and main mechanical properties of composites are obtained by studying the internal structures of 3D woven textile. This paper reviews the research on the mechanical behavior such as tension, compression, shear, flexural, and impact properties, and analytical models of 3D woven polymer matrix composites mainly in four major inner structures and discusses the development of mechanical properties and applications of 3D woven fabrics and suggests further studies on aero industry. GRAPHICAL ABSTRACT","PeriodicalId":20629,"journal":{"name":"Polymer-Plastics Technology and Engineering","volume":"27 3","pages":"740 - 756"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-05-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/03602559.2017.1344857","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"72477410","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-05-24DOI: 10.1080/03602559.2017.1344856
Hao Wu, M. Krifa, J. Koo
ABSTRACT In this study, elastomer toughening is explored as a means of recovering ductility of polyamide 6/intumescent flame-retardant composite systems. This was achieved using a maleic anhydride modified SEBS elastomer incorporated into the system by twin-screw melt extrusion. TEM micrographs show an even distribution of both flame retardant and elastomer particles. The effects of elastomer content on mechanical properties, Izod impact behavior, and flammability of the polymer system were investigated. The incorporation of flame retardant significantly degraded the elongation and ductility of the polymer system. The addition of the elastomer succeeded in significantly enhancing the Izod impact strength and partially recovering the elongation at break without compromising the flame-retardant performance. Micro-scale Combustion Calorimeter (MCC) tests show that samples containing both elastomer and FR additives exhibit slightly improved combustion properties compared to the original polyamide 6/intumescent flame-retardant system. Rubber loadings of up to 15 wt% were possible while still achieving the highest UL-94 V0 flame exposure rating indicating a self-extinguishing and non-drip behavior. GRAPHICAL ABSTRACT
{"title":"Rubber (SEBS-g-MA) Toughened Flame-Retardant Polyamide 6: Microstructure, Combustion, Extension, and Izod Impact Behavior","authors":"Hao Wu, M. Krifa, J. Koo","doi":"10.1080/03602559.2017.1344856","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/03602559.2017.1344856","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT In this study, elastomer toughening is explored as a means of recovering ductility of polyamide 6/intumescent flame-retardant composite systems. This was achieved using a maleic anhydride modified SEBS elastomer incorporated into the system by twin-screw melt extrusion. TEM micrographs show an even distribution of both flame retardant and elastomer particles. The effects of elastomer content on mechanical properties, Izod impact behavior, and flammability of the polymer system were investigated. The incorporation of flame retardant significantly degraded the elongation and ductility of the polymer system. The addition of the elastomer succeeded in significantly enhancing the Izod impact strength and partially recovering the elongation at break without compromising the flame-retardant performance. Micro-scale Combustion Calorimeter (MCC) tests show that samples containing both elastomer and FR additives exhibit slightly improved combustion properties compared to the original polyamide 6/intumescent flame-retardant system. Rubber loadings of up to 15 wt% were possible while still achieving the highest UL-94 V0 flame exposure rating indicating a self-extinguishing and non-drip behavior. GRAPHICAL ABSTRACT","PeriodicalId":20629,"journal":{"name":"Polymer-Plastics Technology and Engineering","volume":"439 1","pages":"727 - 739"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-05-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"76674347","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-05-24DOI: 10.1080/03602559.2017.1344858
M. R. Jozaghkar, Y. Jahani, H. Arabi, F. Ziaee
ABSTRACT In this work, polyhexene-1 (PH-1) is synthesized by polymerization of hexane-1 with Ziegler–Natta catalyst and melt blended with low-density polyethylene (LDPE). The phase morphology, rheology, crystallization, and thermal behavior of (LDPE)/PH-1 blends are investigated. A good compatibility is observed in the blends up to 10 wt% PH-1 and the most of the droplets in the fractured surface are covered with and buried in the LDPE matrix and at higher percentage the droplet particle size significantly increased. The effect of microstructure of the blends on the flow behavior is studied by small amplitude oscillation rheology. By decreasing the compatibility and increasing the particle size, the Cole–Cole plots are deviated from the semi-circular shape at higher percentages than 10 wt% of PH-1. The change in the crystallization and melting behavior of LDPE in the blends are studied by differential scanning calorimetry and X-ray diffraction (XRD). It is found that by increasing the PH-1 the melting temperature of LDPE decreased from 112.5 to 110.8°C and crystallization temperature increased from 95.2 to 97.7°C which is evident of the nucleation effect. The intensity of (110) peak in XRD test declined as a remake of amorphous part of LDPE and the degree of crystallinity of LDPE decreased from 28 to 22% at 20 wt% PH-1. GRAPHICAL ABSTRACT
{"title":"Preparation and Assessment of Phase Morphology, Rheological Properties, and Thermal Behavior of Low-Density Polyethylene/Polyhexene-1 Blends","authors":"M. R. Jozaghkar, Y. Jahani, H. Arabi, F. Ziaee","doi":"10.1080/03602559.2017.1344858","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/03602559.2017.1344858","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT In this work, polyhexene-1 (PH-1) is synthesized by polymerization of hexane-1 with Ziegler–Natta catalyst and melt blended with low-density polyethylene (LDPE). The phase morphology, rheology, crystallization, and thermal behavior of (LDPE)/PH-1 blends are investigated. A good compatibility is observed in the blends up to 10 wt% PH-1 and the most of the droplets in the fractured surface are covered with and buried in the LDPE matrix and at higher percentage the droplet particle size significantly increased. The effect of microstructure of the blends on the flow behavior is studied by small amplitude oscillation rheology. By decreasing the compatibility and increasing the particle size, the Cole–Cole plots are deviated from the semi-circular shape at higher percentages than 10 wt% of PH-1. The change in the crystallization and melting behavior of LDPE in the blends are studied by differential scanning calorimetry and X-ray diffraction (XRD). It is found that by increasing the PH-1 the melting temperature of LDPE decreased from 112.5 to 110.8°C and crystallization temperature increased from 95.2 to 97.7°C which is evident of the nucleation effect. The intensity of (110) peak in XRD test declined as a remake of amorphous part of LDPE and the degree of crystallinity of LDPE decreased from 28 to 22% at 20 wt% PH-1. GRAPHICAL ABSTRACT","PeriodicalId":20629,"journal":{"name":"Polymer-Plastics Technology and Engineering","volume":"30 1","pages":"757 - 765"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-05-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"74954366","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-05-24DOI: 10.1080/03602559.2017.1354221
H. Jirimali, B. Chaudhari, Jitendra C. Khanderay, S. Joshi, Vijay P. Singh, A. Patil, V. Gite
ABSTRACT Waste eggshells were utilized to make calcium oxide (E-CaO) and hydroxyapatite (E-HAP). E-CaO obtained by heat treatment to eggshells was utilized for the synthesis of E-HAP. Melt compounding of E-CaO/E-HAP was performed with linear low-density polyethylene (LLDPE) on a Brabender Plastograph and ground the obtained formulation for injection molding. Addition of E-CaO/E-HAP in the LLDPE significantly enhanced the flame retardant ability and thermal stability of resultant composites. In the comparative study, E-HAP nanopowder-containing polymer composite showed increment in thermal and mechanical properties than the composite prepared using E-CaO. GRAPHICAL ABSTRACT
{"title":"Waste Eggshell-Derived Calcium Oxide and Nanohydroxyapatite Biomaterials for the Preparation of LLDPE Polymer Nanocomposite and Their Thermomechanical Study","authors":"H. Jirimali, B. Chaudhari, Jitendra C. Khanderay, S. Joshi, Vijay P. Singh, A. Patil, V. Gite","doi":"10.1080/03602559.2017.1354221","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/03602559.2017.1354221","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Waste eggshells were utilized to make calcium oxide (E-CaO) and hydroxyapatite (E-HAP). E-CaO obtained by heat treatment to eggshells was utilized for the synthesis of E-HAP. Melt compounding of E-CaO/E-HAP was performed with linear low-density polyethylene (LLDPE) on a Brabender Plastograph and ground the obtained formulation for injection molding. Addition of E-CaO/E-HAP in the LLDPE significantly enhanced the flame retardant ability and thermal stability of resultant composites. In the comparative study, E-HAP nanopowder-containing polymer composite showed increment in thermal and mechanical properties than the composite prepared using E-CaO. GRAPHICAL ABSTRACT","PeriodicalId":20629,"journal":{"name":"Polymer-Plastics Technology and Engineering","volume":"323 1","pages":"804 - 811"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-05-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80288430","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-05-24DOI: 10.1080/03602559.2017.1354222
M. Hussein, M. M. Rahman, Abdullah M. Asiri
ABSTRACT The present work is aimed to synthesize a novel series of linear polyamides (PAs) 4a–d based on di(thiazolyl-thiophenylidene)cyclyhexanone as well as carries aliphatic and aromatic species in the polymer main backbones. The polymerization process was occurred by solution polycondensation technique by the interaction of the newly synthesized monomer 3 with adepoyl, sebacoyl, terphthaloyl, and isophthaloyldiacid chlorides. Before polymerization, the structure of monomer 3 was confirmed by elemental and spectral analyses. The structures of polymers were also investigated by elemental, spectral analysis, thermal analysis, and Field-Emission Scanning Electron Microscopy (FE-SEM) micrographs. Film draw temperatures for all the polymers were evaluated in the range 509.0–542.3°C. Here, the heavy metallic sensors are developed with the polyamide-fabricated glassy carbon electrode (GCE) by reliable current vs. voltage technique. A thin layer of PA onto GCE was fabricated with conducting coating agents (5% nafion) to fabricate a selective heavy metal ions, Cu2+ sensor in short response time in phosphate buffer phase. The fabricated sensor was also exhibited higher sensitivity, lower detection limit, large dynamic concentration ranges, long-term stability, and improved electrochemical performances toward Cu2+ sensor. The calibration plot is linear (r2: 0.9956) over the large Cu2+ ion concentration ranges (1.0 nM to 10.0 mM). The sensitivity and detection limit is 3.4177 µA cm−2 µM−1 and 0.36 nM (signal-to-noise ratio of 3) respectively. This novel effort is initiated a well-organized way of efficient cationic sensor improvement with conductive polymers for heavy metallic pollutants in environmental and health-care fields in large scales. GRAPHICAL ABSTRACT
{"title":"Novel Facial Conducting Polyamide-Based Dithiophenylidene Cyclyhexanone Moiety Utilized for Selective Cu2+ Sensing","authors":"M. Hussein, M. M. Rahman, Abdullah M. Asiri","doi":"10.1080/03602559.2017.1354222","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/03602559.2017.1354222","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT The present work is aimed to synthesize a novel series of linear polyamides (PAs) 4a–d based on di(thiazolyl-thiophenylidene)cyclyhexanone as well as carries aliphatic and aromatic species in the polymer main backbones. The polymerization process was occurred by solution polycondensation technique by the interaction of the newly synthesized monomer 3 with adepoyl, sebacoyl, terphthaloyl, and isophthaloyldiacid chlorides. Before polymerization, the structure of monomer 3 was confirmed by elemental and spectral analyses. The structures of polymers were also investigated by elemental, spectral analysis, thermal analysis, and Field-Emission Scanning Electron Microscopy (FE-SEM) micrographs. Film draw temperatures for all the polymers were evaluated in the range 509.0–542.3°C. Here, the heavy metallic sensors are developed with the polyamide-fabricated glassy carbon electrode (GCE) by reliable current vs. voltage technique. A thin layer of PA onto GCE was fabricated with conducting coating agents (5% nafion) to fabricate a selective heavy metal ions, Cu2+ sensor in short response time in phosphate buffer phase. The fabricated sensor was also exhibited higher sensitivity, lower detection limit, large dynamic concentration ranges, long-term stability, and improved electrochemical performances toward Cu2+ sensor. The calibration plot is linear (r2: 0.9956) over the large Cu2+ ion concentration ranges (1.0 nM to 10.0 mM). The sensitivity and detection limit is 3.4177 µA cm−2 µM−1 and 0.36 nM (signal-to-noise ratio of 3) respectively. This novel effort is initiated a well-organized way of efficient cationic sensor improvement with conductive polymers for heavy metallic pollutants in environmental and health-care fields in large scales. GRAPHICAL ABSTRACT","PeriodicalId":20629,"journal":{"name":"Polymer-Plastics Technology and Engineering","volume":"40 1","pages":"812 - 825"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-05-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"91307011","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-05-24DOI: 10.1080/03602559.2017.1344855
D. E. García, J. P. Salazar, S. Riquelme, Nacarid Delgado, S. Paczkowski
ABSTRACT Novel polylactic acid-based composites were prepared for the first time by melt-blending urethanization using bark polyflavonoids, and polymeric methyl diisocyanate. Rheological, morphological, structural, thermal, and mechanical properties were studied. Polymerization between polyflavonoids and isocyanate during the melt-blending was demonstrated by spectroscopy, confocal microscopy, and thermal analysis. Polyflavonoids improved the blend processability and affected the polylactic acid-crystallization, blend-urethanization, and flexural features. Polyphenols act as nucleating agent, and the effect was highly influenced by the polymeric methyl diisocyanate-charge, and the polyflavonoids-content. Low polymeric methyl diisocyanate-loading (10 wt%) degrades the elasticity modulus (E), while the highest polymeric (20 wt%) improved the miscibility between the polylactic acid polymer-matrix and the polyflavonoids. GRAPHICAL ABSTRACT
{"title":"Condensed Tannin-Based Polyurethane as Functional Modifier of PLA-Composites","authors":"D. E. García, J. P. Salazar, S. Riquelme, Nacarid Delgado, S. Paczkowski","doi":"10.1080/03602559.2017.1344855","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/03602559.2017.1344855","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Novel polylactic acid-based composites were prepared for the first time by melt-blending urethanization using bark polyflavonoids, and polymeric methyl diisocyanate. Rheological, morphological, structural, thermal, and mechanical properties were studied. Polymerization between polyflavonoids and isocyanate during the melt-blending was demonstrated by spectroscopy, confocal microscopy, and thermal analysis. Polyflavonoids improved the blend processability and affected the polylactic acid-crystallization, blend-urethanization, and flexural features. Polyphenols act as nucleating agent, and the effect was highly influenced by the polymeric methyl diisocyanate-charge, and the polyflavonoids-content. Low polymeric methyl diisocyanate-loading (10 wt%) degrades the elasticity modulus (E), while the highest polymeric (20 wt%) improved the miscibility between the polylactic acid polymer-matrix and the polyflavonoids. GRAPHICAL ABSTRACT","PeriodicalId":20629,"journal":{"name":"Polymer-Plastics Technology and Engineering","volume":"2 1","pages":"709 - 726"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-05-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90627027","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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