Pub Date : 2020-12-10DOI: 10.21475/AJCS.20.14.12.2855
A. Jung, Clériosn R. Perini, Ivair Valmorbida, A. Swarowsky, L. Puntel, Ricardo Froehlich, J. Guedes
The soybean is the most cultivated grain crop in Brazil and there are many efforts to protect visitor pollinators, especially honeybees. The understanding of honeybee behavior on soybean fields is important to growers to apply integrated pest management strategies to avoid harm the pollinators. The European bee (Apis mellifera Linnaeus, 1758 (Hymenoptera: Apidae)) is a social bee, with European origin, whose the worker length is 12 mm to 13 mm with darker chest hairs. In this sense, foraging hours of Apis on soybean, its spatial distribution, the effect of pollination on soybean yield and the effect of insecticides on honeybee behavior were investigated. Two experiments were carried out. The first experiment was performed in a soybean field with 79 sampling points and four insecticide treatments to understand the spatial distribution of honeybees. In addition, foraging behavior of honeybees was evaluated hourly from 7:00am to 7:00pm randomly on 40 sampling points. The second experiment was carried out in cages with and without honeybees to quantify the effect of pollination on soybean yield under spray of chemical insecticides. Four hives with Africanized honeybees (A. mellifera) were set around the area. The hives had approximately six to eight brood frames and two to four food frames. Insecticides were sprayed as diferent treatments. The first experiment showed that honeybees prefer to forage on soybean flowers from 10:00am to 1:00pm and have random distribution. The use of A. mellifera as a pollinator did not increase the yield of soybean. Besides the particular manner of experiment’s conduction, the information of foraging behavior of honeybees, the pollination effect on soybeans yield and the effect of insecticides on honeybees are prudently discussed and some implication for soybean producers are also carefully addressed to avoid insecticide applications to harm pollinators. It is important to understand that the effect of pollination on yield of soybean depends on environmental conditions, cultivars, the effect of caging plants, and the abnormally high concentration of bees in the cages
{"title":"Foraging, spatial distribution and the effect of honeybees on soybean yield","authors":"A. Jung, Clériosn R. Perini, Ivair Valmorbida, A. Swarowsky, L. Puntel, Ricardo Froehlich, J. Guedes","doi":"10.21475/AJCS.20.14.12.2855","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21475/AJCS.20.14.12.2855","url":null,"abstract":"The soybean is the most cultivated grain crop in Brazil and there are many efforts to protect visitor pollinators, especially honeybees. The understanding of honeybee behavior on soybean fields is important to growers to apply integrated pest management strategies to avoid harm the pollinators. The European bee (Apis mellifera Linnaeus, 1758 (Hymenoptera: Apidae)) is a social bee, with European origin, whose the worker length is 12 mm to 13 mm with darker chest hairs. In this sense, foraging hours of Apis on soybean, its spatial distribution, the effect of pollination on soybean yield and the effect of insecticides on honeybee behavior were investigated. Two experiments were carried out. The first experiment was performed in a soybean field with 79 sampling points and four insecticide treatments to understand the spatial distribution of honeybees. In addition, foraging behavior of honeybees was evaluated hourly from 7:00am to 7:00pm randomly on 40 sampling points. The second experiment was carried out in cages with and without honeybees to quantify the effect of pollination on soybean yield under spray of chemical insecticides. Four hives with Africanized honeybees (A. mellifera) were set around the area. The hives had approximately six to eight brood frames and two to four food frames. Insecticides were sprayed as diferent treatments. The first experiment showed that honeybees prefer to forage on soybean flowers from 10:00am to 1:00pm and have random distribution. The use of A. mellifera as a pollinator did not increase the yield of soybean. Besides the particular manner of experiment’s conduction, the information of foraging behavior of honeybees, the pollination effect on soybeans yield and the effect of insecticides on honeybees are prudently discussed and some implication for soybean producers are also carefully addressed to avoid insecticide applications to harm pollinators. It is important to understand that the effect of pollination on yield of soybean depends on environmental conditions, cultivars, the effect of caging plants, and the abnormally high concentration of bees in the cages","PeriodicalId":20643,"journal":{"name":"Proposed for presentation at the 2020 Virtual MRS Fall Meeting & Exhibit held November 27 - December 4, 2020.","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-12-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85600486","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-12-10DOI: 10.36548/jiip.2020.4.002
S. Manoharan, A. Sathesh
Computer aided detection system was developed to identify the pulmonary nodules to diagnose the cancer cells. Main aim of this research enables an automated image analysis and malignancy calculation through data and CPU infrastructure. Our proposed algorithm has improvement filter to enhance the imported images and for nodule selection and neural classifier for false reduction. The proposed model is experimented in both internal and external nodules and the obtained results are shown as response characteristics curves.
{"title":"Early diagnosis of Lung Cancer with Probability of Malignancy Calculation and Automatic Segmentation of Lung CT scan Images","authors":"S. Manoharan, A. Sathesh","doi":"10.36548/jiip.2020.4.002","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.36548/jiip.2020.4.002","url":null,"abstract":"Computer aided detection system was developed to identify the pulmonary nodules to diagnose the cancer cells. Main\u0000aim of this research enables an automated image analysis and malignancy calculation through data and CPU infrastructure. Our\u0000proposed algorithm has improvement filter to enhance the imported images and for nodule selection and neural classifier for false\u0000reduction. The proposed model is experimented in both internal and external nodules and the obtained results are shown as response\u0000characteristics curves.","PeriodicalId":20643,"journal":{"name":"Proposed for presentation at the 2020 Virtual MRS Fall Meeting & Exhibit held November 27 - December 4, 2020.","volume":"37 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-12-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"73961616","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-12-10DOI: 10.21475/AJCS.20.14.12.2746
M. Palma, P. Cardozo, Soledad Martín, H. Reinoso, M. Dardanelli, C. Travaglia
The aim of this study was to estimate the correlation coefficients and slicing the phenotypic correlations into direct and indirect effects by path analysis between morphoagronomic and bromatological traits in corn hybrids for silage. Nineteen topcross hybrids and five controls were assessed in a randomized block design with four replications in two environments (Campos dos Goytacazes and Itaocara, RJ), in the 2013/2014 agricultural year. Phenotypic correlations and path analysis were estimated between morphoagronomic (average plant height; average first ear height; average stem diameter; ear yield with husk at silage point; grain yield at silage point; green mass yield) and bromatological (dry matter; crude protein; neutral detergent fiber; lignin; crude fat and mineral matter) traits. The highest correlation estimates were obtained between dry matter and crude protein and between dry matter and neutral detergent fiber, with magnitudes of 0.97 and 0.98, respectively. The coefficient of determination was high, indicating that the assessed components explain much of the variation in the dry matter content. Path analysis showed that traits with highest direct effect on dry matter content were the yield of green mass, crude protein, neutral detergent fiber, crude fat, and mineral matter associated to high correlations of 0.96, 0.97, 0.98, 0.90, and 0.96, respectively. The results showed the possibility of obtaining significant gains through indirect selection
本研究旨在通过通径分析，估算青贮玉米杂交种形态农艺性状和色彩性状之间的相关系数，并将表型相关性划分为直接效应和间接效应。在2013/2014农业年度，采用随机区组设计，在两个环境(Campos dos Goytacazes和Itaocara, RJ)中进行4个重复，对19个顶交杂交种和5个对照进行了评估。表型相关和通径分析估计了形态农艺(平均株高;平均首穗高度;平均杆径;青贮时带壳穗产量;青贮时粮食产量;绿色质量产量)和色差(干物质;粗蛋白;中性洗涤纤维;木质素;粗脂肪和矿物质)特性。干物质与粗蛋白质、干物质与中性洗涤纤维相关性最高，分别为0.97和0.98。测定系数很高，表明所评估的组分解释了干物质含量的大部分变化。通径分析表明，对干物质含量直接影响最大的性状是绿质、粗蛋白质、中性洗涤纤维、粗脂肪和矿物物质产量，相关系数分别为0.96、0.97、0.98、0.90和0.96。结果表明，通过间接选择可以获得显著的增益
{"title":"Effects of Azospirillum brasilense applied along with herbicides on maize","authors":"M. Palma, P. Cardozo, Soledad Martín, H. Reinoso, M. Dardanelli, C. Travaglia","doi":"10.21475/AJCS.20.14.12.2746","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21475/AJCS.20.14.12.2746","url":null,"abstract":"The aim of this study was to estimate the correlation coefficients and slicing the phenotypic correlations into direct and indirect effects by path analysis between morphoagronomic and bromatological traits in corn hybrids for silage. Nineteen topcross hybrids and five controls were assessed in a randomized block design with four replications in two environments (Campos dos Goytacazes and Itaocara, RJ), in the 2013/2014 agricultural year. Phenotypic correlations and path analysis were estimated between morphoagronomic (average plant height; average first ear height; average stem diameter; ear yield with husk at silage point; grain yield at silage point; green mass yield) and bromatological (dry matter; crude protein; neutral detergent fiber; lignin; crude fat and mineral matter) traits. The highest correlation estimates were obtained between dry matter and crude protein and between dry matter and neutral detergent fiber, with magnitudes of 0.97 and 0.98, respectively. The coefficient of determination was high, indicating that the assessed components explain much of the variation in the dry matter content. Path analysis showed that traits with highest direct effect on dry matter content were the yield of green mass, crude protein, neutral detergent fiber, crude fat, and mineral matter associated to high correlations of 0.96, 0.97, 0.98, 0.90, and 0.96, respectively. The results showed the possibility of obtaining significant gains through indirect selection","PeriodicalId":20643,"journal":{"name":"Proposed for presentation at the 2020 Virtual MRS Fall Meeting & Exhibit held November 27 - December 4, 2020.","volume":"86 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-12-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81148792","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-12-10DOI: 10.21475/AJCS.20.14.12.2590
P. Sica, Eric Seiji Shirata, F. A. Rios, D. F. Biffe, J. T. Filho, Katia Regina Frietas Schwan Estrada, R. S. Oliveira Jr
Sugarcane is the world’s largest crop by production quantity. In Brazil, the sugarcane cultivation requires 30-70% less nitrogen than in other countries, due to the biological nitrogen fixation. Nitrospirillum amazonense is an N-fixing bacterium that has proven to increase plant growth and yields of sugarcane in greenhouse experiments. However, studies on field conditions are very scarce. For these reasons, this study aimed to assess the impact of different doses of a pre-commercial product, Aprinza®, containing N. amazonense on quality and quantitative parameters of the cultivar RB867515 in field conditions. The plant height, number of internodes, stem yield and sugar yield were measured. The leaf nutrient content was analyzed 60, 90 and 180 days after planting and the plant nutrient content was analyzed after harvest. The inoculation of N. amazonense did not affect the leaf and the stem nutrient content positively. The stem yield was increased 27.5 tons ha-1 (20%) and the total recoverable sugar yield increased 4.6 tons ha-1 (25%), compared to the control, by using 1 liter of Aprinza® per hectare. Therefore, N. amazonense can increase sugarcane stem and sugar yields in sandy soils with low nitrogen application, reducing the environmental impacts of the sugarcane cultivation system.
{"title":"Impact of N-fixing bacterium Nitrospirillum amazonense on quality and quantitative parameters of sugarcane under field condition","authors":"P. Sica, Eric Seiji Shirata, F. A. Rios, D. F. Biffe, J. T. Filho, Katia Regina Frietas Schwan Estrada, R. S. Oliveira Jr","doi":"10.21475/AJCS.20.14.12.2590","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21475/AJCS.20.14.12.2590","url":null,"abstract":"Sugarcane is the world’s largest crop by production quantity. In Brazil, the sugarcane cultivation requires 30-70% less nitrogen than in other countries, due to the biological nitrogen fixation. Nitrospirillum amazonense is an N-fixing bacterium that has proven to increase plant growth and yields of sugarcane in greenhouse experiments. However, studies on field conditions are very scarce. For these reasons, this study aimed to assess the impact of different doses of a pre-commercial product, Aprinza®, containing N. amazonense on quality and quantitative parameters of the cultivar RB867515 in field conditions. The plant height, number of internodes, stem yield and sugar yield were measured. The leaf nutrient content was analyzed 60, 90 and 180 days after planting and the plant nutrient content was analyzed after harvest. The inoculation of N. amazonense did not affect the leaf and the stem nutrient content positively. The stem yield was increased 27.5 tons ha-1 (20%) and the total recoverable sugar yield increased 4.6 tons ha-1 (25%), compared to the control, by using 1 liter of Aprinza® per hectare. Therefore, N. amazonense can increase sugarcane stem and sugar yields in sandy soils with low nitrogen application, reducing the environmental impacts of the sugarcane cultivation system.","PeriodicalId":20643,"journal":{"name":"Proposed for presentation at the 2020 Virtual MRS Fall Meeting & Exhibit held November 27 - December 4, 2020.","volume":"24 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-12-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"78980429","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-12-10DOI: 10.21475/AJCS.20.14.12.P2588
J. Muthoni, H. Shimelis
Mating design represents "rules" for arranging different controlled crossings; a mating design is a procedure of producing progenies. This review describes mating designs commonly used in plant breeding. Biparental is the simplest design in which a number of P plants are paired off to give ½P families; the parents are mated only once in pairs. The design is simple and it provides information needed to determine if significant genetic variation is present in a population for a long term selection program. A polycross is a mating arrangement for interpollinating a group of cultivars or clones using natural hybridization in an isolated crossing block. The design is often used for generating synthetic cultivars. The North Carolina (NC) mating designs permit determination and/or estimation of variance components (additive and dominance components) by using the information from half-sib (HS) families. The experimental material of North Carolina designs I, II and III is developed from F2 generation as a base material. The design III (NCIII) involves backcrossing the F2 plants to the two parental inbred lines from which the F2 were derived. The NCIII design was extended to include a third tester. This third tester is the F1 from the two parental inbred lines; in this extended form, this design is known as the triple test cross (TTC). Line x Tester mating design uses inbred lines as the base population. The design is useful in deciding the relative ability of a number of female and male inbreds to produce desirable hybrid combinations. When the same parents are used as females and males in breeding, the mating design is called diallel. Parents used range from inbred lines to broad genetic base varieties to clones. The design is the most commonly used in crop plants to estimate GCA and SCA and variances. Generally, it should be noted that is not the mating design per se, but the breeder who breeds a new cultivar. Consequently, proper choice and use of a mating design will provide the most valuable information for breeding
配合设计代表了安排不同的受控交叉的“规则”;交配设计是产生后代的过程。本文综述了植物育种中常用的配种设计。双亲本是最简单的设计，其中许多P植物配对形成½P家族;父母只配对一次。设计很简单，它提供了必要的信息，以确定是否显着的遗传变异存在于一个长期的选择程序的群体。多交是指在一个孤立的杂交块中，利用自然杂交使一组栽培品种或无性系相互授粉的一种交配安排。这种设计常用于培育合成品种。北卡罗莱纳(NC)配种设计允许利用来自同父异母(HS)家族的信息确定和/或估计方差成分(加性成分和显性成分)。北卡罗莱纳设计I、II和III的实验材料是作为基础材料从F2代发展而来的。设计III (NCIII)涉及将F2植株回交到产生F2的两个亲本自交系。NCIII设计扩展到包括第三个测试器。第三个测试者是来自两个亲本自交系的F1;在这种扩展形式中，这种设计被称为三重测试交叉(TTC)。Line x Tester配种设计使用自交系作为基础种群。这种设计在决定一些雌性和雄性自交系产生理想杂交组合的相对能力时是有用的。当同一亲本作为雌性和雄性进行繁殖时，这种交配设计称为双列杂交。亲本的使用范围从自交系到广泛的遗传基础品种到无性系。该设计在作物作物中最常用来估计GCA和SCA及其方差。一般来说，应该注意的不是交配设计本身，而是培育新品种的育种者。因此，正确选择和使用交配设计将为育种提供最有价值的信息
{"title":"Mating designs commonly used in plant breeding: A review","authors":"J. Muthoni, H. Shimelis","doi":"10.21475/AJCS.20.14.12.P2588","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21475/AJCS.20.14.12.P2588","url":null,"abstract":"Mating design represents \"rules\" for arranging different controlled crossings; a mating design is a procedure of producing progenies. This review describes mating designs commonly used in plant breeding. Biparental is the simplest design in which a number of P plants are paired off to give ½P families; the parents are mated only once in pairs. The design is simple and it provides information needed to determine if significant genetic variation is present in a population for a long term selection program. A polycross is a mating arrangement for interpollinating a group of cultivars or clones using natural hybridization in an isolated crossing block. The design is often used for generating synthetic cultivars. The North Carolina (NC) mating designs permit determination and/or estimation of variance components (additive and dominance components) by using the information from half-sib (HS) families. The experimental material of North Carolina designs I, II and III is developed from F2 generation as a base material. The design III (NCIII) involves backcrossing the F2 plants to the two parental inbred lines from which the F2 were derived. The NCIII design was extended to include a third tester. This third tester is the F1 from the two parental inbred lines; in this extended form, this design is known as the triple test cross (TTC). Line x Tester mating design uses inbred lines as the base population. The design is useful in deciding the relative ability of a number of female and male inbreds to produce desirable hybrid combinations. When the same parents are used as females and males in breeding, the mating design is called diallel. Parents used range from inbred lines to broad genetic base varieties to clones. The design is the most commonly used in crop plants to estimate GCA and SCA and variances. \u0000Generally, it should be noted that is not the mating design per se, but the breeder who breeds a new cultivar. Consequently, proper choice and use of a mating design will provide the most valuable information for breeding","PeriodicalId":20643,"journal":{"name":"Proposed for presentation at the 2020 Virtual MRS Fall Meeting & Exhibit held November 27 - December 4, 2020.","volume":"27 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-12-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"79346282","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-12-10DOI: 10.21475/AJCS.20.14.12.2721
Jocarla Ambrosim Crevelari, N. Durães, Gabriel Moreno Bernardo Gonçalves, José Arantes Ferreira Júnior, Vivane Mirian Lanhellas Gonçalves, Camila Queiroz da Silva Sanfim de SantAnna, L. Bendia, Flávio Henrique Vidal Azevedo, M. G. Pereira
The aim of this study was to estimate the correlation coefficients and slicing the phenotypic correlations into direct and indirect effects by path analysis between morphoagronomic and bromatological traits in corn hybrids for silage. Nineteen topcross hybrids and five controls were assessed in a randomized block design with four replications in two environments (Campos dos Goytacazes and Itaocara, RJ), in the 2013/2014 agricultural year. Phenotypic correlations and path analysis were estimated between morphoagronomic (average plant height; average first ear height; average stem diameter; ear yield with husk at silage point; grain yield at silage point; green mass yield) and bromatological (dry matter; crude protein; neutral detergent fiber; lignin; crude fat and mineral matter) traits. The highest correlation estimates were obtained between dry matter and crude protein and between dry matter and neutral detergent fiber, with magnitudes of 0.97 and 0.98, respectively. The coefficient of determination was high, indicating that the assessed components explain much of the variation in the dry matter content. Path analysis showed that traits with highest direct effect on dry matter content were the yield of green mass, crude protein, neutral detergent fiber, crude fat, and mineral matter associated to high correlations of 0.96, 0.97, 0.98, 0.90, and 0.96, respectively. The results showed the possibility of obtaining significant gains through indirect selection
本研究旨在通过通径分析，估算青贮玉米杂交种形态农艺性状和色彩性状之间的相关系数，并将表型相关性划分为直接效应和间接效应。在2013/2014农业年度，采用随机区组设计，在两个环境(Campos dos Goytacazes和Itaocara, RJ)中进行4个重复，对19个顶交杂交种和5个对照进行了评估。表型相关和通径分析估计了形态农艺(平均株高;平均首穗高度;平均杆径;青贮时带壳穗产量;青贮时粮食产量;绿色质量产量)和色差(干物质;粗蛋白;中性洗涤纤维;木质素;粗脂肪和矿物质)特性。干物质与粗蛋白质、干物质与中性洗涤纤维相关性最高，分别为0.97和0.98。测定系数很高，表明所评估的组分解释了干物质含量的大部分变化。通径分析表明，对干物质含量直接影响最大的性状是绿质、粗蛋白质、中性洗涤纤维、粗脂肪和矿物物质产量，相关系数分别为0.96、0.97、0.98、0.90和0.96。结果表明，通过间接选择可以获得显著的增益
{"title":"Phenotypic correlations and path analysis between morphoagronomic and bromatological traits in corn hybrids for silage production","authors":"Jocarla Ambrosim Crevelari, N. Durães, Gabriel Moreno Bernardo Gonçalves, José Arantes Ferreira Júnior, Vivane Mirian Lanhellas Gonçalves, Camila Queiroz da Silva Sanfim de SantAnna, L. Bendia, Flávio Henrique Vidal Azevedo, M. G. Pereira","doi":"10.21475/AJCS.20.14.12.2721","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21475/AJCS.20.14.12.2721","url":null,"abstract":"The aim of this study was to estimate the correlation coefficients and slicing the phenotypic correlations into direct and indirect effects by path analysis between morphoagronomic and bromatological traits in corn hybrids for silage. Nineteen topcross hybrids and five controls were assessed in a randomized block design with four replications in two environments (Campos dos Goytacazes and Itaocara, RJ), in the 2013/2014 agricultural year. Phenotypic correlations and path analysis were estimated between morphoagronomic (average plant height; average first ear height; average stem diameter; ear yield with husk at silage point; grain yield at silage point; green mass yield) and bromatological (dry matter; crude protein; neutral detergent fiber; lignin; crude fat and mineral matter) traits. The highest correlation estimates were obtained between dry matter and crude protein and between dry matter and neutral detergent fiber, with magnitudes of 0.97 and 0.98, respectively. The coefficient of determination was high, indicating that the assessed components explain much of the variation in the dry matter content. Path analysis showed that traits with highest direct effect on dry matter content were the yield of green mass, crude protein, neutral detergent fiber, crude fat, and mineral matter associated to high correlations of 0.96, 0.97, 0.98, 0.90, and 0.96, respectively. The results showed the possibility of obtaining significant gains through indirect selection","PeriodicalId":20643,"journal":{"name":"Proposed for presentation at the 2020 Virtual MRS Fall Meeting & Exhibit held November 27 - December 4, 2020.","volume":"42 6","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-12-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"72557456","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-12-10DOI: 10.21475/AJCS.20.14.12.2631
E. Ferreira, M. V. Santos, L. D. Silva, P. Cruz, R. R. Silveira, I. C. Freitas, L. A. Frazão, A. M. Azevedo, Gustavo A. M. Pereira, T. Braz
The aim of this work was to study the effect of sub-doses of herbicide nicosulfuron on the levels of chlorophyll and growth of marandu-grass in an forest-livestock integration system. The treatments consisted of eucalyptus consortium with sorghum (BRS 655 hybrid) and forage Urochloa brizantha cv. Marandu (marandu-grass) at 12×2 and 12×3 m spacings in agroforestry systems, in addition to sorghum + marandu-grass and marandu-grass in monoculture. The doses of nicosulfuron applied at the marandu-grass were 0, 15 and 30 g ha-1. At 30 and 120 days after the application of nicosulfuron, chlorophyll a and chlorophyll b were measured usinf a portable chlorophyll meter, with six measurements per plant. Afterwards, the total chlorophyll content and chlorophyll a/b were calculated. We also measured the mass of the total dry matter of marandu-grass and growth rate of the culture. Marandu-grass plants cultivated in monoculture showed higher quantities of chlorophyll and the highest growth rates. The levels of chlorophyll a, b and chlorophyll a/b and the growth rate of marandu grass were similar between systems integrated with eucalyptus (12x2 and 12x3 m). The increase of herbicide dose negatively influenced on chlorophyll content in marandu-grass in all treatments evaluated. The use of nicosulfuron in doses of 25 and 50 g L-1 reduced the growth rate of marandu grass only when grown in monoculture
本研究旨在研究亚剂量除草剂尼科磺隆对林牧一体化系统中马兰度草叶绿素水平和生长的影响。试验处理为桉树与高粱(BRS 655杂交品种)联用和草料乌氏藻(Urochloa brizantha cv)。在农林复合系统中，除了高粱+马兰度草和单一栽培的马兰度草外，还在12×2和12×3 m间距上种植马兰度草。在马兰度草上施硝磺隆的剂量分别为0、15和30 g ha-1。在施用硝磺隆后30和120 d，用便携式叶绿素仪测定叶绿素a和叶绿素b，每株测定6次。然后计算总叶绿素含量和叶绿素a/b。测定了马兰度草总干物质质量和培养物的生长率。单作栽培的马兰度草植株叶绿素含量较高，生长速率最高。叶绿素a、b、叶绿素a/b水平和生长速率在与桉树(12x2 m和12x3 m)组合的系统中基本一致，除草剂剂量的增加对不同处理的马兰度草叶绿素含量均有负相关影响。使用剂量分别为25和50 g L-1的尼科隆，只有在单一栽培中，才会降低马兰度草的生长速度
{"title":"Effect of nicosulfuron on chlorophyll content of marandu-grass cultivated in crop-forest-livestock integration systems","authors":"E. Ferreira, M. V. Santos, L. D. Silva, P. Cruz, R. R. Silveira, I. C. Freitas, L. A. Frazão, A. M. Azevedo, Gustavo A. M. Pereira, T. Braz","doi":"10.21475/AJCS.20.14.12.2631","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21475/AJCS.20.14.12.2631","url":null,"abstract":"The aim of this work was to study the effect of sub-doses of herbicide nicosulfuron on the levels of chlorophyll and growth of marandu-grass in an forest-livestock integration system. The treatments consisted of eucalyptus consortium with sorghum (BRS 655 hybrid) and forage Urochloa brizantha cv. Marandu (marandu-grass) at 12×2 and 12×3 m spacings in agroforestry systems, in addition to sorghum + marandu-grass and marandu-grass in monoculture. The doses of nicosulfuron applied at the marandu-grass were 0, 15 and 30 g ha-1. At 30 and 120 days after the application of nicosulfuron, chlorophyll a and chlorophyll b were measured usinf a portable chlorophyll meter, with six measurements per plant. Afterwards, the total chlorophyll content and chlorophyll a/b were calculated. We also measured the mass of the total dry matter of marandu-grass and growth rate of the culture. Marandu-grass plants cultivated in monoculture showed higher quantities of chlorophyll and the highest growth rates. The levels of chlorophyll a, b and chlorophyll a/b and the growth rate of marandu grass were similar between systems integrated with eucalyptus (12x2 and 12x3 m). The increase of herbicide dose negatively influenced on chlorophyll content in marandu-grass in all treatments evaluated. The use of nicosulfuron in doses of 25 and 50 g L-1 reduced the growth rate of marandu grass only when grown in monoculture","PeriodicalId":20643,"journal":{"name":"Proposed for presentation at the 2020 Virtual MRS Fall Meeting & Exhibit held November 27 - December 4, 2020.","volume":"11 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-12-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84659854","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-12-10DOI: 10.21475/AJCS.20.14.12.2838
P. Simões, J. Carvalho, D. Araújo, M. Gama, C. C. Lima, C. F. Neto, R. Okumura, Raimundo Thiago Lima da Silva, G. Nogueira, M. T. D. Paula
Tachigali vulgaris L. G. Silva & H. C. Lima is a pioneer species with great potential for reforestation. The inadequate supply of phosphorus and potassium results in nutritional disorders, requiring nutritional complementation. This study aimed to evaluate the effect of phosphorus (P) and potassium (K) doses on Tachigali vulgaris gas exchange. Three doses of P (0, 26.7 and 53.5 kg-1 ha) and three doses of K (0, 50 and 100 kg-1 ha) were applied in a 3x3 factorial scheme as randomized block design. The data were submitted to analysis of variance using the Tukey 1% test and Pearson's linear correlation test. Potassium fertilization provided increases of approximately 30% in the rate of liquid photosynthesis (PN). Stomata conductance (GS), internal CO2 concentration (Ci), perspiration (E), instantaneous caboxilation efficiency (ΦC), water use efficiency (EWU) and intrinsic water use efficiency (iEWU) were also favored at dose of 78.2 g kg-1 K, suggesting their role in regulating essential physiological processes for plant growth. The highest PN values were observed with application of 33.1 g kg-1 P and 78.2 g kg-1 K, with rates of 4.28 and 4.86 μmol CO2 m-2 s-1, respectively, which also occurred with E, ΦC, EWU and iEWU. It was observed that P exerted antagonistic effects on K absorption, which may also have impaired Mg2+ absorption due to the fact that Ca2+ is an accompanying ion of potassium fertilizer
塔奇加利(Tachigali vulgaris L. G. Silva & H. C. Lima)是一种具有巨大再造林潜力的先锋树种。磷和钾供应不足导致营养失调，需要补充营养。本研究旨在评价磷(P)和钾(K)剂量对土鳖气体交换的影响。采用3 × 3因子随机区组设计，施用3剂P(0、26.7和53.5 kg-1 ha)和3剂K(0、50和100 kg-1 ha)。数据采用Tukey 1%检验和Pearson线性相关检验进行方差分析。施钾可使液体光合速率(PN)提高约30%。在78.2 g kg-1 K处理下，气孔导度(GS)、内部CO2浓度(Ci)、排汗量(E)、瞬时氧化效率(ΦC)、水分利用效率(EWU)和内在水分利用效率(iEWU)均显著提高，表明它们在植物生长过程中具有调节重要生理过程的作用。施用33.1 g kg-1 P和78.2 g kg-1 K时，PN值最高，速率分别为4.28和4.86 μmol CO2 m-2 s-1, E、ΦC、EWU和iEWU也最高。结果表明，磷对钾离子的吸收具有拮抗作用，同时由于Ca2+是钾肥的伴生离子，也可能对Mg2+的吸收产生抑制作用
{"title":"Effect of phosphorus and potassium on gas exchanges of Tachigali vulgaris","authors":"P. Simões, J. Carvalho, D. Araújo, M. Gama, C. C. Lima, C. F. Neto, R. Okumura, Raimundo Thiago Lima da Silva, G. Nogueira, M. T. D. Paula","doi":"10.21475/AJCS.20.14.12.2838","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21475/AJCS.20.14.12.2838","url":null,"abstract":"Tachigali vulgaris L. G. Silva & H. C. Lima is a pioneer species with great potential for reforestation. The inadequate supply of phosphorus and potassium results in nutritional disorders, requiring nutritional complementation. This study aimed to evaluate the effect of phosphorus (P) and potassium (K) doses on Tachigali vulgaris gas exchange. Three doses of P (0, 26.7 and 53.5 kg-1 ha) and three doses of K (0, 50 and 100 kg-1 ha) were applied in a 3x3 factorial scheme as randomized block design. The data were submitted to analysis of variance using the Tukey 1% test and Pearson's linear correlation test. Potassium fertilization provided increases of approximately 30% in the rate of liquid photosynthesis (PN). Stomata conductance (GS), internal CO2 concentration (Ci), perspiration (E), instantaneous caboxilation efficiency (ΦC), water use efficiency (EWU) and intrinsic water use efficiency (iEWU) were also favored at dose of 78.2 g kg-1 K, suggesting their role in regulating essential physiological processes for plant growth. The highest PN values were observed with application of 33.1 g kg-1 P and 78.2 g kg-1 K, with rates of 4.28 and 4.86 μmol CO2 m-2 s-1, respectively, which also occurred with E, ΦC, EWU and iEWU. It was observed that P exerted antagonistic effects on K absorption, which may also have impaired Mg2+ absorption due to the fact that Ca2+ is an accompanying ion of potassium fertilizer","PeriodicalId":20643,"journal":{"name":"Proposed for presentation at the 2020 Virtual MRS Fall Meeting & Exhibit held November 27 - December 4, 2020.","volume":"32 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-12-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88304280","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-12-10DOI: 10.21475/AJCS.20.14.12.2828
Janilson Pinheiro de Assis, R. P. Sousa, Paulo César Ferreira Linhares, Eudes de Almeida Cardoso, W. M. Rodrigues, J. O. Pereira, Robson Pequeno de Sousa, A. C. Medeiros, Neurivan Vicente da Silva, A. B. A. D. Andrade, Geovanna Alícia Dantas Gomes, Mateus de Freitas Almeida dos Santos, Lunara De Sousa Alves
This work aimed to determine the appropriate plot size for field experiments in sesame. We performed a complete randomized block design experiment, using 14 sesame varieties and four replicates. The plots were composed of four rows of 0.8 m long, spaced 0.6 m apart, and 0.1 m between plants. The useful plot area (0.72 m2), which was the two central rows, was divided into 12 basic units with one plant (0.06 m2) each. The measures of sesame production were taken from the useful plot area. The appropriate size of the experimental plot was estimated using the intraclass correlation coefficient method and calculated the detectable difference between treatments. The optimum plot size for evaluation of sesame seed yield was 0.18 m2 (useful area), taking into account the one-row border on the sides. Gains in experimental precision (12%) were occurred with increments in plot size up to eight basic units (0.48 m2), using five replicates and four or more varieties. The increase in the number of replicates and plot size was more efficient than the increase in varieties number to increase the experimental precision
{"title":"Optimum plot size for field experiments in sesame","authors":"Janilson Pinheiro de Assis, R. P. Sousa, Paulo César Ferreira Linhares, Eudes de Almeida Cardoso, W. M. Rodrigues, J. O. Pereira, Robson Pequeno de Sousa, A. C. Medeiros, Neurivan Vicente da Silva, A. B. A. D. Andrade, Geovanna Alícia Dantas Gomes, Mateus de Freitas Almeida dos Santos, Lunara De Sousa Alves","doi":"10.21475/AJCS.20.14.12.2828","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21475/AJCS.20.14.12.2828","url":null,"abstract":"This work aimed to determine the appropriate plot size for field experiments in sesame. We performed a complete randomized block design experiment, using 14 sesame varieties and four replicates. The plots were composed of four rows of 0.8 m long, spaced 0.6 m apart, and 0.1 m between plants. The useful plot area (0.72 m2), which was the two central rows, was divided into 12 basic units with one plant (0.06 m2) each. The measures of sesame production were taken from the useful plot area. The appropriate size of the experimental plot was estimated using the intraclass correlation coefficient method and calculated the detectable difference between treatments. The optimum plot size for evaluation of sesame seed yield was 0.18 m2 (useful area), taking into account the one-row border on the sides. Gains in experimental precision (12%) were occurred with increments in plot size up to eight basic units (0.48 m2), using five replicates and four or more varieties. The increase in the number of replicates and plot size was more efficient than the increase in varieties number to increase the experimental precision","PeriodicalId":20643,"journal":{"name":"Proposed for presentation at the 2020 Virtual MRS Fall Meeting & Exhibit held November 27 - December 4, 2020.","volume":"12 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-12-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86577684","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-12-10DOI: 10.21475/AJCS.20.14.12.2846
Elias Gomes de Oliveira Filho, J. Medeiros, Jaqueline Dalla Rosa, H. A. Souza, Diana Signor Deon, B. Madari
In Brazil, 87% of N2O released into the atmosphere comes from agriculture, emphasizing the importance of assessing emissions in agricultural systems. The aim of this study was to evaluate N2O fluxes and emissions in agroecosystems and to identify how physical and chemical attributes of soil may affect the emissions. The study was carried out in the northeastern savannah (Cerrado), in an area under current agricultural expansion, in the municipality of Bom Jesus, State of Piauí. The treatments were composed of grain cultivation systems under no-tillage: exclusive soybean with biological nitrogen fixation (FBN), exclusive corn and corn intercropped with brachiaria. An adjacent area under native Cerrado was evaluated as reference ecosystem. N2O fluxes were monitored using manual static chambers between February 18 and April 22, 2017, covering the period from planting until the beginning of the harvest. Corn cultivation systems presented the highest N2O fluxes and the highest total emissions. Nitrogen fertilization significantly contributed to soil N2O fluxes as opposed to FBN. The soybean system and the native Cerrado had the lowest N2O emissions. Substantial amounts of N2O may be emitted during plant residue decomposition, however, it was not evaluated in this study. The concentrations of NH4+ and NO3-available in the soil were different among the cropping systems, presenting a positive correlation with N2O fluxes.
{"title":"Nitrous oxide (N2O) emissions in Savanah agrosystems","authors":"Elias Gomes de Oliveira Filho, J. Medeiros, Jaqueline Dalla Rosa, H. A. Souza, Diana Signor Deon, B. Madari","doi":"10.21475/AJCS.20.14.12.2846","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21475/AJCS.20.14.12.2846","url":null,"abstract":"In Brazil, 87% of N2O released into the atmosphere comes from agriculture, emphasizing the importance of assessing emissions in agricultural systems. The aim of this study was to evaluate N2O fluxes and emissions in agroecosystems and to identify how physical and chemical attributes of soil may affect the emissions. The study was carried out in the northeastern savannah (Cerrado), in an area under current agricultural expansion, in the municipality of Bom Jesus, State of Piauí. The treatments were composed of grain cultivation systems under no-tillage: exclusive soybean with biological nitrogen fixation (FBN), exclusive corn and corn intercropped with brachiaria. An adjacent area under native Cerrado was evaluated as reference ecosystem. N2O fluxes were monitored using manual static chambers between February 18 and April 22, 2017, covering the period from planting until the beginning of the harvest. Corn cultivation systems presented the highest N2O fluxes and the highest total emissions. Nitrogen fertilization significantly contributed to soil N2O fluxes as opposed to FBN. The soybean system and the native Cerrado had the lowest N2O emissions. Substantial amounts of N2O may be emitted during plant residue decomposition, however, it was not evaluated in this study. The concentrations of NH4+ and NO3-available in the soil were different among the cropping systems, presenting a positive correlation with N2O fluxes.","PeriodicalId":20643,"journal":{"name":"Proposed for presentation at the 2020 Virtual MRS Fall Meeting & Exhibit held November 27 - December 4, 2020.","volume":"30 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-12-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87189859","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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