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Health Professional Perspectives on Communication and Monitoring During Interfacility Neonatal Transport 医护人员对医院间转运新生儿过程中的沟通和监控的看法
Pub Date : 2023-09-01 DOI: 10.1177/21695067231192605
Matthew W. Cook, Shruti Patel, R. Umoren, John B Feltner, Lien Nguyen, Gol-Dann Slater, Danial Le, Prashanth Rajivan
Adverse events occur in a majority of pediatric critical care ambulance transports. For neonatal interfacility transports in particular, Medical Control Physicians overseeing the transfer are located remotely and must respond to referrals, updates, and questions over the phone. Technology options not currently utilized for neonatal interfacility transport may enhance communication and monitoring before and/or during transit. To identify the most beneficial new technologies, two activities were performed with the health professionals involved in transport: interviews and design workshops. The individual interviews focused on current processes and communication preferences. The design workshops brought together an interprofessional group of health professionals involved in transport to discuss an idealized state of transport and agree on priorities for the greatest needs to address. Health professionals agreed that the most desirable technologies enable remote vital sign monitoring, enable remote video visibility of the patient, and aid in the decision on where to send the patient.
大多数儿科重症监护救护车转运过程中都会发生不良事件。特别是在新生儿医院间转运中,负责转运的医疗控制医生身处远程,必须通过电话回复转诊、更新和问题。目前尚未用于新生儿医院间转运的技术方案可加强转运前和/或转运过程中的沟通和监控。为了确定最有益的新技术,我们与参与转运的医疗专业人员开展了两项活动:访谈和设计研讨会。个人访谈的重点是当前的流程和沟通偏好。设计研讨会汇集了参与转运的跨专业医疗专业人员,共同讨论理想化的转运状态,并就最需要解决的优先事项达成一致。医疗专业人员一致认为,最理想的技术是实现远程生命体征监测、远程视频观察病人以及帮助决定将病人送往何处。
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引用次数: 0
A Method of Characterizing Street Crossing Behavior for Pedestrian and Driver Perspectives 从行人和驾驶员角度描述过马路行为的方法
Pub Date : 2023-09-01 DOI: 10.1177/21695067231192624
Caleb Jeanniton, Leia Stirling
Signalized traffic intersections are variable decision-making environments where safety is paramount. Safe decision outcomes require road users to consider the interaction of many environmental factors including their proximity to an intersection, the changing states of traffic lights, and whether they are walking or driving. Individuals often encounter traffic intersections as both drivers and pedestrians, so understanding how crossing decisions differ between perspectives can help support the development of targeted traffic policies for these road users. Our study leverages a simulated traffic intersection to evaluate an individual’s crossing decisions from both driver and pedestrian perspectives at various light change distances. Each participant views a series of pre-recorded videos of the traffic intersection from first-person driver and pedestrian perspectives. Presenting both perspectives to the same participant sample allows us to characterize the differences in their decision outcomes as they assume the role of driver and pedestrian.
信号灯交通路口是一个多变的决策环境,安全至关重要。安全决策结果要求道路使用者考虑许多环境因素的相互作用,包括他们与交叉路口的距离、交通信号灯的变化状态以及他们是在步行还是在开车。驾驶者和行人经常都会遇到交通交叉路口,因此,了解不同视角下的交叉路口决策有何不同,有助于为这些道路使用者制定有针对性的交通政策。我们的研究利用模拟交通路口,从驾驶员和行人两个角度评估个人在不同变灯距离下的过街决策。每位参与者从第一人称驾驶员和行人的角度观看一系列预先录制的交通路口视频。将两种视角同时呈现给同一参与者样本,可以让我们了解他们在扮演驾驶员和行人角色时的决策结果差异。
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引用次数: 0
Mass Casualty Incident Commander Decision-Making Models: Novice vs. Expert Decision Making 大规模伤亡事件指挥官决策模型:新手与专家决策
Pub Date : 2023-09-01 DOI: 10.1177/21695067231192921
Omer Perry, Avishay Goldberg, Eli Jaffe, Y. Bitan
Introduction: Managing a mass-casualty incident (MCI) challenges commanders in the pre-hospital phase. Exploring the differences between the decision-making processes of novice and expert commanders can reveal how to improve training. This study aims to compare the decision-making processes between paramedic students and veteran paramedics. Methods: Data from eight MCI field simulations of paramedic students with no experience, and one simulation of a veteran paramedic were collected. Results: In the first phase of the simulation, both the students and the veteran paramedic followed the MCI protocol. From the second phase, the paramedic students mostly responded to received cues, while the veteran paramedic initiated actions without preliminary cues. Discussion: The veteran paramedic initiates actions and utilizes "considered" decision-making process earlier than the students, that frequently acted in response to cues. Although these results are based on a small sample, this study indicates a difference between novice and expert commanders’ decision-making processes.
导言:管理大规模伤亡事件(MCI)对院前阶段的指挥官提出了挑战。探索新手和专家指挥员决策过程之间的差异可以揭示如何改进培训。本研究旨在比较护理专业学生和资深护理人员的决策过程。研究方法收集了八次模拟 MCI 现场的数据,其中一次模拟的是没有经验的护理专业学生,另一次模拟的是资深护理人员。结果:在模拟的第一阶段,学生和资深护理人员都遵循了 MCI 协议。从第二阶段开始,护理专业学生大多根据收到的提示做出反应,而资深护理人员则在没有初步提示的情况下主动采取行动。讨论:老辅助医务人员比学生更早开始行动并利用 "深思熟虑 "的决策过程,而学生则经常根据提示采取行动。虽然这些结果是基于一个小样本,但这项研究表明,新手和专家指挥员的决策过程存在差异。
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引用次数: 0
Examining the Inclusivity of Extended Reality (XR) in Current Products 研究当前产品中扩展现实(XR)的包容性
Pub Date : 2023-09-01 DOI: 10.1177/21695067231192621
Jessyca L. Derby, Stephanie M. Mello, Nicholas R. Horn, Andi N. StClair, Barbara S. Chaparro
With Extended Reality (XR) moving more towards the general public there are many companies developing commercial devices for their customers. Little research has been done to examine how inclusive these devices are for diverse populations. Instead, the focus has been on how we can develop specialized XR technology to help those with disabilities, such as helping those who are blind navigate their environment. This article provides an investigation of some of the current XR devices on the market based on established best practices, standards, and developer kits for inclusive XR design through three case studies: head-mounted displays, mobile devices, and smart glasses.
随着 "扩展现实"(XR)越来越面向大众,许多公司都在为客户开发商业设备。但很少有人研究这些设备对不同人群的包容性。相反,人们关注的重点是我们如何开发专门的 XR 技术来帮助那些有残疾的人,比如帮助那些盲人浏览他们所处的环境。本文通过头戴式显示器、移动设备和智能眼镜这三个案例研究,根据包容性 XR 设计的既定最佳实践、标准和开发人员工具包,对目前市场上的一些 XR 设备进行了调查。
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引用次数: 0
Learning from accented virtual humans: Can quality of voice and globalization overcome accent familiarity? 向带有口音的虚拟人学习:语音质量和全球化能否克服口音熟悉度?
Pub Date : 2023-09-01 DOI: 10.1177/21695067231192417
Robert F. Siegle, Jodi L. Puchalski, Scotty D. Craig
The current study’s data is from a select portion of a larger study, which investigated the impact accents have on learning outcomes and perceptions of the instructor. A 2 x 2 between-subjects factorial design was conducted on the type of voice (human, synthetic) and the accent of the voice (English, Russian), and their impacts when being spoken by a virtual human. Previous research has consistently shown that instructor accents can impact learning outcomes, perceptions of the instructor, and perceptions of the learning materials. However, the current study’s results conflict with these past findings, with no effects found for the accent condition and accent familiarity having no significant impact. This study’s focus will be on the accent familiarity findings, which will demonstrate the need for further research on the impact accents have on learning, perceptions, and how increasing globalization and quality of voice may influence these outcomes.
本研究的数据来自一项大型研究的一部分,该研究调查了口音对学习效果和对教师看法的影响。研究采用 2 x 2 主体间因子设计,研究了虚拟人说话时的声音类型(人类、合成)和口音(英语、俄语)及其影响。以往的研究一直表明,教师的口音会影响学习效果、对教师的看法以及对学习材料的看法。然而,目前的研究结果与过去的研究结果相冲突,在口音条件下没有发现任何影响,口音熟悉程度也没有显著影响。本研究的重点将放在口音熟悉程度的研究结果上,这将表明有必要进一步研究口音对学习和认知的影响,以及日益全球化和语音质量如何影响这些结果。
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引用次数: 0
A case-study comparison of qualitative and quantitative techniques for assessing surgeon ergonomics 用于评估外科医生人体工程学的定性和定量技术的案例研究比较
Pub Date : 2023-09-01 DOI: 10.1177/21695067231193687
Evan R. Johnson, Syed A. Husain, S. Lavender, Carolyn M. Sommerich
Surgeons are often exposed to many ergonomic risk factors during open, laparoscopic, and robotic-assisted surgical procedures, which lead to pain or discomfort in alarmingly high percentages of surgeons. Ergonomic risk factors specific to colon and rectal surgery subspecialty have been hypothesized, but little research has been done on this topic. To investigate this, an ergonomics-centered case study was performed with an experienced colon and rectal surgeon at a teaching hospital to investigate their experiences with surgery, ergonomics, and musculoskeletal pain. Specifically, a semi-structured interview was performed with the participant, and skin surface electromyography electrodes were placed on the participant to record muscle activity data as they performed rectal surgeries using open, laparoscopic, and robotic-assisted surgical techniques. The results of this case study indicate that for this participant, robotic surgery may provide the most relief from current pain and discomfort; however, the relationship between muscle activation and surgical modality is complex, and both qualitative and quantitative methods are needed to provide a complete ergonomic analysis of colon and rectal surgery in a teaching hospital setting.
在开腹、腹腔镜和机器人辅助手术过程中,外科医生经常会面临许多人体工程学风险因素,导致外科医生出现疼痛或不适的比例高得惊人。结肠和直肠外科亚专业特有的人体工程学风险因素已被提出,但这方面的研究却很少。为了研究这个问题,我们对一家教学医院经验丰富的结肠和直肠外科医生进行了一项以人体工程学为中心的案例研究,以调查他们在手术、人体工程学和肌肉骨骼疼痛方面的经验。具体来说,研究人员对受试者进行了半结构化访谈,并在受试者身上放置了皮肤表面肌电图电极,以记录他们在使用开放式、腹腔镜和机器人辅助手术技术进行直肠手术时的肌肉活动数据。本病例研究的结果表明,对该受试者而言,机器人手术可以最大程度地缓解其目前的疼痛和不适;但是,肌肉激活与手术方式之间的关系非常复杂,需要同时采用定性和定量方法,才能对教学医院环境中的结肠和直肠手术进行完整的人体工程学分析。
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引用次数: 0
Development of a Smart Learning Application in Multi-person Virtual Reality Using Biometric Measures of Neuroimaging, Eye Tracking, and Haptic Interactions 利用神经成像、眼球跟踪和触觉交互等生物测量技术,开发多人虚拟现实中的智能学习应用程序
Pub Date : 2023-09-01 DOI: 10.1177/21695067231196245
Ziho Kang, Ricardo Palma Fraga, Kurtulus Izzoteglu, Junehyung Lee, Daniel D. Deering, Willow X. Arana
Non-text-based smart learning refers to technology-supported learning that uses non-text features (i.e. visualized information) and adapted learning materials based on the individual’s needs. Fully immersive multi-person virtual reality (MVR) refers to humans located at different places wearing VR devices to join a single virtual room, a classroom with unlimited size, to learn from an instructor. The learning environment is poised to undergo a major reformation, and MVR will augment, and possibly replace, the traditional classroom learning environment. The ultimate purpose of this research and development of apps is to discover new smart learning methodologies within the MVR environment using nonintrusive multimodal analysis of physiological measures, including eye movement characteristics, haptic interactions, and brain activities. We provide the design concepts that were developed and implemented to create the MVR semantic network app. Furthermore, demonstration details are provided showcasing how we could leverage the MVR technology for education and training.
非文本智能学习是指使用非文本功能(即可视化信息)和根据个人需求调整学习材料的技术支持学习。完全沉浸式多人虚拟现实(MVR)是指位于不同地点的人类佩戴 VR 设备,加入一个虚拟房间(即一个大小不限的教室),向教师学习。学习环境即将发生重大变革,MVR 将增强并有可能取代传统的课堂学习环境。这项研究和应用程序开发的最终目的是在 MVR 环境中,利用对生理测量(包括眼球运动特征、触觉互动和大脑活动)的非侵入式多模态分析,发现新的智能学习方法。我们提供了为创建 MVR 语义网络应用程序而开发和实施的设计理念。此外,我们还提供了演示细节,展示了如何利用 MVR 技术开展教育和培训。
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引用次数: 0
Advancing the design of trustworthy robots for older adults in home environments: A participatory design approach 在家庭环境中为老年人设计值得信赖的机器人:参与式设计方法
Pub Date : 2023-09-01 DOI: 10.1177/21695067231205566
Samuel A. Olatunji, Vy Nguyen, Yi Cao, Henry Evans, Jane Evans, A. Edsinger, Charles C. Kemp, Wendy A. Rogers
Assistive robots have the potential to support independence for older adults with mobility limitations and to alleviate the demands of their care partners. Several design considerations are required to ensure that the users can successfully rely on the robot to carry out their tasks. Therefore, building trustworthy robots is necessary for wider acceptance of these assistive robots. Using a participatory design approach, we assessed various aspects involved in advancing the design of a trustworthy robot in home environments. This is a case study focused on supporting an older adult with mobility limitations and his care partner. Through several iterations of co-active development as a team, most of the tasks were accomplished to meet the needs of the older adult couple interacting with the robot. Our approach highlighted usability challenges, the merits of a multidimensional approach in evaluating trust, and co-design strategies to improve the trustworthiness of the robot.
辅助机器人有可能帮助行动不便的老年人独立生活,并减轻他们对护理伙伴的要求。要确保用户能够成功依靠机器人完成任务,在设计上需要考虑多个因素。因此,要让更多人接受这些辅助机器人,就必须制造出值得信赖的机器人。我们采用参与式设计方法,对推进家庭环境中可信赖机器人设计所涉及的各个方面进行了评估。这是一个案例研究,重点是为一位行动不便的老年人及其护理伙伴提供支持。通过团队合作开发的多次迭代,完成了大部分任务,满足了这对老年夫妇与机器人互动的需求。我们的方法强调了可用性挑战、多维度信任评估方法的优点以及提高机器人可信度的共同设计策略。
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引用次数: 0
Evaluating the dissociation between drivers’ self-perceived and objective need for vehicle assistance during obstacle avoidance tasks 评估避障任务中驾驶员对车辆辅助的自我感觉需求与客观需求之间的差异
Pub Date : 2023-09-01 DOI: 10.1177/21695067231192620
Maya S. Luster, Brandon J. Pitts
Driver-assistance systems are becoming more commonplace; however, the realized safety benefits of these technologies depend on whether a person accepts and adopts automated driving aids. One challenge to adoption could be a preference-performance dissociation (PPD), which is a mismatch between a self-perceived desire and an objective need for assistance. Research has reported PPD in driving but has not extensively leveraged driving performance data to confirm its existence. Thus, the goal of this study was to compare drivers’ self-reported need for vehicle assistance to their objective driving performance. Twenty-one participants drove on a simulated road and traversed challenging, real-world roadway obstacles. Afterwards, they were asked about their preference for automated vehicle assistance (e.g., steering and braking) during their drive. Overall, some participants exhibited PPD that included both over- and underestimating their need for a particular type of automated assistance. Findings can be used to develop shared control and adaptive automation strategies tailored to particular users and contexts across various safety-critical environments.
驾驶辅助系统正变得越来越普遍;然而,这些技术能否实现安全效益,取决于人们是否接受和采用自动驾驶辅助系统。采用自动驾驶辅助系统面临的一个挑战可能是偏好-性能分离(PPD),即自我感知的愿望与客观的辅助需求之间的不匹配。已有研究报道了驾驶中的偏好-表现分离现象,但尚未广泛利用驾驶表现数据来证实其存在。因此,本研究的目的是比较驾驶者自我报告的车辆辅助需求和他们的客观驾驶表现。21 名参与者在模拟道路上驾驶,穿越具有挑战性的真实道路障碍。之后,他们被问及在驾驶过程中对自动车辆辅助(如转向和制动)的偏好。总的来说,一些参与者表现出了PPD,包括高估和低估自己对特定类型自动辅助的需求。研究结果可用于开发共享控制和自适应自动驾驶策略,以适应各种安全关键环境中的特定用户和环境。
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引用次数: 0
An Exploratory Study to Evaluate the Technological Barriers and Facilitators for Pediatric Behavioral Healthcare in Emergency Departments 评估急诊科儿科行为医疗技术障碍和促进因素的探索性研究
Pub Date : 2023-09-01 DOI: 10.1177/21695067231205571
Mitali Bhosekar, Shilpalakshmi Mena, Sahar Mihandoust, Anjali Joseph, K. Madathil
The objective of this study was to identify the technological barriers and facilitators of safe and effective pediatric mental and behavioral health care in emergency departments. The study, which involved a total of 4 participants, employed observational studies and semi-structured interviews to gather data from medical professionals across two hospitals. The data collected from the interviews were analyzed for themes relating to the use of technology, including factors that enable or impede safe and effective care for pediatric mental and behavioral health patients. Barriers included challenges related to software usability, inadequate training on newer software features, and concerns regarding the quality of service delivered by third-party vendors. Facilitators comprised the accessibility of clinician's notes, effective tools and technologies for clinician and patient safety, and efficient communication tools.
本研究旨在确定急诊科安全有效的儿科精神和行为健康护理的技术障碍和促进因素。这项研究共有 4 人参与,采用了观察研究和半结构式访谈的方法,从两家医院的医疗专业人员那里收集数据。研究人员对从访谈中收集到的数据进行了分析,以确定与技术使用相关的主题,包括能够或阻碍为儿科精神和行为健康患者提供安全有效护理的因素。障碍包括与软件可用性相关的挑战、对较新软件功能的培训不足以及对第三方供应商所提供服务质量的担忧。促进因素包括临床医生笔记的可访问性、促进临床医生和患者安全的有效工具和技术以及高效的通信工具。
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引用次数: 0
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Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting
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