Pub Date : 2021-06-30DOI: 10.52063/25792652-2021.2-47
Maksim Vaskov
The purpose of the article is to consider various historical and political aspects that form the geopolitical context of Russian-Armenian relations. The author tried to take into account the factors that appeared as the consequences of Azerbaijan's aggression and the results of the Second Artsakh War. Using the methods of factorial and system analysis the article studies various combinations of interaction between states, both directly located in the region and being global political players for which political processes in the Transcaucasia are only a part of more global political projects. The existing system of political relations is distinguished by instability and the formation of a new system of political and military risks. All participants in political relations have reasons to seek complications in Russian-Armenian relations. There are also threats for them in the context of the domestic policy of Russia and Armenia. Overcoming these negative phenomena is a condition for the preservation and development of statehood in both Russia and Armenia. The development of a negative scenario will lead to new military conflicts and systemic crises of the entire Greater Caucasus.
{"title":"Новый геополитический контекст взаимоотношений Армении и России в условиях изменения баланса военно-политических сил региональных и мировых держав в регионе","authors":"Maksim Vaskov","doi":"10.52063/25792652-2021.2-47","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.52063/25792652-2021.2-47","url":null,"abstract":"The purpose of the article is to consider various historical and political aspects that form the geopolitical context of Russian-Armenian relations. The author tried to take into account the factors that appeared as the consequences of Azerbaijan's aggression and the results of the Second Artsakh War.\u0000Using the methods of factorial and system analysis the article studies various combinations of interaction between states, both directly located in the region and being global political players for which political processes in the Transcaucasia are only a part of more global political projects. The existing system of political relations is distinguished by instability and the formation of a new system of political and military risks. All participants in political relations have reasons to seek complications in Russian-Armenian relations. There are also threats for them in the context of the domestic policy of Russia and Armenia.\u0000Overcoming these negative phenomena is a condition for the preservation and development of statehood in both Russia and Armenia. The development of a negative scenario will lead to new military conflicts and systemic crises of the entire Greater Caucasus.","PeriodicalId":207059,"journal":{"name":"Scientific Artsakh","volume":"11 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134314191","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-06-30DOI: 10.52063/25792652-2021.2-39
Narek Sharafyan
This work aims at revealing the premises of the mass violations’ policy in different periods of Azerbaijani statehood and the grounds which the Armenian pogroms were later carried out on. The objective of the work is to substantiate the consistent and continuous nature of the state-level policy of ethnic discrimination based on the study of separate episodes of such a policy pursued by the Azerbaijani authorities, regardless of the phase features of the Azerbaijani statehood formation and development. The work is written by a combined examination of facts, applying the principles of historical analysis. Based on the results of the study, the 1988-1990 mass violations against Armenians in the Soviet Azerbaijan, which expressed themselves in the form of ethnic cleansing and genocidal manifestations, were not just reactive localized crimes, and consequently, the circle of those responsible for them could not have been limited to separate implementers. The violence against Armenians has been an extreme manifestation of a decades-long policy.
{"title":"Հայերի նկատմամբ զանգվածային բռնությունների նախահիմքերը Ադրբեջանի քաղաքականությունում","authors":"Narek Sharafyan","doi":"10.52063/25792652-2021.2-39","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.52063/25792652-2021.2-39","url":null,"abstract":"This work aims at revealing the premises of the mass violations’ policy in different periods of Azerbaijani statehood and the grounds which the Armenian pogroms were later carried out on.\u0000The objective of the work is to substantiate the consistent and continuous nature of the state-level policy of ethnic discrimination based on the study of separate episodes of such a policy pursued by the Azerbaijani authorities, regardless of the phase features of the Azerbaijani statehood formation and development.\u0000The work is written by a combined examination of facts, applying the principles of historical analysis.\u0000Based on the results of the study, the 1988-1990 mass violations against Armenians in the Soviet Azerbaijan, which expressed themselves in the form of ethnic cleansing and genocidal manifestations, were not just reactive localized crimes, and consequently, the circle of those responsible for them could not have been limited to separate implementers. The violence against Armenians has been an extreme manifestation of a decades-long policy.","PeriodicalId":207059,"journal":{"name":"Scientific Artsakh","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123451119","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-06-30DOI: 10.52063/25792652-2021.2-15
Gevorg Stepanyan
The aim of the article is to present the motives and implementation stages of ethnic cleansing and genocidal policy perpetrated towards the indigenous Armenian population during the 11th-20th centuries in the Eastern Cis-Caucasus – in the territory stretching from the Kur Valley to the Apsheron Peninsula, on the basis of various primary sources (archival documents, statistical materials, periodical press, theme related literature). The work is written by a combined examination of facts, applying the principles of historical investigation and historical-comparative analysis. The level of reliability and validity of the sources through their comprehensive study have been verified. Through the combination of facts the following phases of the history of the main issue are presented: the policy of ethnic cleansing and genocide of Armenians in the Eastern Cis-Caucasus were still implemented in the 11th-18th centuries when the region regularly appeared under the invasions and dominion of various conquering nomadic tribes (Turk-Seljuks, Mongol-Tatars, Tamerlane, nomadic Turkmen tribes of Kara-Koyunlu and Ak-Koyunlu, Kizilbash invasions followed by the Turkish-Persian wars, Sunni Lezgins, invasions of Nader Shah and Agha Mohammad Khan). As a result, some part of the Armenian population was deported and left native lands or forcedly accepted the Muslim religion of the conquerers. The next phase of ethnic cleansing and atrocities was the period of the Armenian-Tatar clashes (1905-1906). Later, the policy of ethnic cleansing and genocide was implemented at state level already during the Musavat regime of the artificial “Azerbaijan” formation (1918-1920), and finally during the Soviet regime (1920-1990). The article substantiates the fact that the indigenous Armenian population of the region was subjected to ethnic cleansing and genocide in its cradle, just as the Young Turks carried out the extermination of the Western Armenians in 1915-1916 in Western Armenia. Therefore, this policy should be described as a continuation and an integral part of the Genocide of Armenians, as the Armenian Genocide with its geographical coverage (from Cilicia to Baku), was a consequence of the implementation of a comprehensive pan-Turkic program. There are numerous references to the issue in the historical literature, though the comprehensive study of ethnic cleansing and genocidal policies of Armenians in the Eastern Cis-Caucasus – in the territory stretching from the Kur Valley to the Apsheron Peninsula, has not been the subject of a separate study.
{"title":"Հայերի էթնիկ զտումների և ցեղասպանական քաղաքականության իրագործման փուլերն Արևելյան Այսրկովկասում (XI-XX դդ․) (Մաս Բ)","authors":"Gevorg Stepanyan","doi":"10.52063/25792652-2021.2-15","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.52063/25792652-2021.2-15","url":null,"abstract":"The aim of the article is to present the motives and implementation stages of ethnic cleansing and genocidal policy perpetrated towards the indigenous Armenian population during the 11th-20th centuries in the Eastern Cis-Caucasus – in the territory stretching from the Kur Valley to the Apsheron Peninsula, on the basis of various primary sources (archival documents, statistical materials, periodical press, theme related literature). \u0000The work is written by a combined examination of facts, applying the principles of historical investigation and historical-comparative analysis. The level of reliability and validity of the sources through their comprehensive study have been verified.\u0000Through the combination of facts the following phases of the history of the main issue are presented: the policy of ethnic cleansing and genocide of Armenians in the Eastern Cis-Caucasus were still implemented in the 11th-18th centuries when the region regularly appeared under the invasions and dominion of various conquering nomadic tribes (Turk-Seljuks, Mongol-Tatars, Tamerlane, nomadic Turkmen tribes of Kara-Koyunlu and Ak-Koyunlu, Kizilbash invasions followed by the Turkish-Persian wars, Sunni Lezgins, invasions of Nader Shah and Agha Mohammad Khan). As a result, some part of the Armenian population was deported and left native lands or forcedly accepted the Muslim religion of the conquerers. The next phase of ethnic cleansing and atrocities was the period of the Armenian-Tatar clashes (1905-1906). Later, the policy of ethnic cleansing and genocide was implemented at state level already during the Musavat regime of the artificial “Azerbaijan” formation (1918-1920), and finally during the Soviet regime (1920-1990).\u0000The article substantiates the fact that the indigenous Armenian population of the region was subjected to ethnic cleansing and genocide in its cradle, just as the Young Turks carried out the extermination of the Western Armenians in 1915-1916 in Western Armenia. Therefore, this policy should be described as a continuation and an integral part of the Genocide of Armenians, as the Armenian Genocide with its geographical coverage (from Cilicia to Baku), was a consequence of the implementation of a comprehensive pan-Turkic program.\u0000There are numerous references to the issue in the historical literature, though the comprehensive study of ethnic cleansing and genocidal policies of Armenians in the Eastern Cis-Caucasus – in the territory stretching from the Kur Valley to the Apsheron Peninsula, has not been the subject of a separate study.","PeriodicalId":207059,"journal":{"name":"Scientific Artsakh","volume":"112 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124802329","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-03-01DOI: 10.52063/25792652-2021.1-106
Araks Pashayan, Nazeli Navasardyan
The purpose of the article is to study the degree of support of Azerbaijan by the Islamic world during the 2020 war in Nagorno-Karabakh, to identify the supporting parties, as well as religious and geopolitical motives, mechanisms of this support. The objectives of the article are to study issues related to the Islamic direction of Azerbaijan's foreign policy and the religious component of the Artsakh problem in the context of the Turkish-Azerbaijani policy, to identify the role of Turkey on the basis of the ideas of Islamic-Turkish solidarity, in order to create anti-Armenian sentiments in the international arena. The article was written on the basis of monitoring of the international press and materials on this topic, an extensive study of professional literature on various sides of the Nagorno-Karabakh conflict. In the course of the study, the authors concluded that during the Artsakh war of 2020, the Turkish-Azerbaijani tandem used religious instruments to enlist the full support of the Islamic world. The ideas of Islamic, common Turkic solidarity, jihadism, as well as the potential of hired jihadists, Sunni-Shiite layers of the Islamic world were used. From the time between September-November 2020, in parallel with the large-scale hostilities in Artsakh, anti-Armenian agendas and moods based on the religious factor and obvious ideas of Islamic solidarity were advanced and strengthened in the Middle East, beyond its borders, and primarily in the Islamic environment, which were manifested in both political and public discourse of Turkey and Ankara, also in international media and social networks, as well as Muslim clergy and government officials. They were directed by Ankara, Baku and their allies using a wide range of information tools. Besides that, on Erdogan’s initiative and direct control, large number of mercenaries were thrust into the line of contact. The President of Turkey invested military, political, diplomatic, human, economic and propaganda resources in support/in favor of Azerbaijan. The Turkish-Azerbaijani tandem was not repulsive to inciting religious hatred by generating anti-Armenian sentiments, which became a security threat to Armenians living around the world. During the war, the Turkish-speaking Shiite Azeri elites of the Iranian Azerbaijan (Atropatene) province of Iran, broad public spectrum, high-ranking Muslim theologians around the world and some Muslim countries, such as Pakistan, Afghanistan, etc. became allies in the formation of anti-Armenian sentiments. The victory in the war strengthened Azerbaijan's position in the Islamic environment, where Baku had spent considerable resources to gain legitimacy and involvement. It can be stated that Azerbaijan, which has a predominantly Shiite identity, was mostly supported by the Sunni world, which has a direct connection with Ankara’s unconditional support to Baku.
{"title":"Իսլամական աշխարհի աջակցությունն Ադրբեջանին 2020թ․ Արցախյան պատերազմի ընթացքում․ իսլամական համերաշխությունից մինչև ջիհադականություն","authors":"Araks Pashayan, Nazeli Navasardyan","doi":"10.52063/25792652-2021.1-106","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.52063/25792652-2021.1-106","url":null,"abstract":"The purpose of the article is to study the degree of support of Azerbaijan by the Islamic world during the 2020 war in Nagorno-Karabakh, to identify the supporting parties, as well as religious and geopolitical motives, mechanisms of this support.\u0000The objectives of the article are to study issues related to the Islamic direction of Azerbaijan's foreign policy and the religious component of the Artsakh problem in the context of the Turkish-Azerbaijani policy, to identify the role of Turkey on the basis of the ideas of Islamic-Turkish solidarity, in order to create anti-Armenian sentiments in the international arena.\u0000The article was written on the basis of monitoring of the international press and materials on this topic, an extensive study of professional literature on various sides of the Nagorno-Karabakh conflict.\u0000In the course of the study, the authors concluded that during the Artsakh war of 2020, the Turkish-Azerbaijani tandem used religious instruments to enlist the full support of the Islamic world. The ideas of Islamic, common Turkic solidarity, jihadism, as well as the potential of hired jihadists, Sunni-Shiite layers of the Islamic world were used. \u0000From the time between September-November 2020, in parallel with the large-scale hostilities in Artsakh, anti-Armenian agendas and moods based on the religious factor and obvious ideas of Islamic solidarity were advanced and strengthened in the Middle East, beyond its borders, and primarily in the Islamic environment, which were manifested in both political and public discourse of Turkey and Ankara, also in international media and social networks, as well as Muslim clergy and government officials.\u0000They were directed by Ankara, Baku and their allies using a wide range of information tools. Besides that, on Erdogan’s initiative and direct control, large number of mercenaries were thrust into the line of contact. The President of Turkey invested military, political, diplomatic, human, economic and propaganda resources in support/in favor of Azerbaijan. The Turkish-Azerbaijani tandem was not repulsive to inciting religious hatred by generating anti-Armenian sentiments, which became a security threat to Armenians living around the world. During the war, the Turkish-speaking Shiite Azeri elites of the Iranian Azerbaijan (Atropatene) province of Iran, broad public spectrum, high-ranking Muslim theologians around the world and some Muslim countries, such as Pakistan, Afghanistan, etc. became allies in the formation of anti-Armenian sentiments. The victory in the war strengthened Azerbaijan's position in the Islamic environment, where Baku had spent considerable resources to gain legitimacy and involvement. It can be stated that Azerbaijan, which has a predominantly Shiite identity, was mostly supported by the Sunni world, which has a direct connection with Ankara’s unconditional support to Baku.","PeriodicalId":207059,"journal":{"name":"Scientific Artsakh","volume":"21 1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125776938","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-03-01DOI: 10.52063/27382567-2021.1-9
Gevorg Stepanyan
THE STAGES OF IMPLEMENTATION OF THE POLICY OF ETHNIC CLEANSING AND GENOCIDE OF ARMENIANS IN THE EASTERN CIS-CAUCASUS (11TH-20TH CC.) (PART 1) The aim of the article is to present the motives and implementation stages of ethnic cleansing and genocidal policy perpetrated towards the indigenous Armenian population during the 11th-20th centuries in the Eastern Cis-Caucasus – in the territory stretching from the Kur Valley to the Apsheron Peninsula, on the basis of various primary sources (archival documents, statistical materials, periodical press, theme related literature). The work is written by a combined examination of facts, applying the principles of historical investigation and historical-comparative analysis. The level of reliability and validity of the sources through their comprehensive study have been verified. Through the combination of facts the following phases of the history of the main issue are presented: the policy of ethnic cleansing and genocide of Armenians in the Eastern Cis-Caucasus were still implemented in the 11th-18th centuries when the region regularly appeared under the invasions and dominion of various conquering nomadic tribes (Turk-Seljuks, Mongol-Tatars, Tamerlane, nomadic Turkmen tribes of Kara-Koyunlu and Ak-Koyunlu, Kizilbash invasions followed by the Turkish-Persian wars, Sunni Lezgins, invasions of Nader Shah and Agha Mohammad Khan). As a result, some part of the Armenian population was deported and left native lands or forcedly accepted the Muslim religion of the conquerers. The next phase of ethnic cleansing and atrocities was the period of the Armenian-Tatar clashes (1905-1906). Later, the policy of ethnic cleansing and genocide was implemented at state level already during the Musavat regime of the artificial “Azerbaijan” formation (1918-1920), and finally during the Soviet regime (1920-1990). The article substantiates the fact that the indigenous Armenian population of the region was subjected to ethnic cleansing and genocide in its cradle, just as the Young Turks carried out the extermination of the Western Armenians in 1915-1916 in Western Armenia. Therefore, this policy should be described as a continuation and an integral part of the Genocide of Armenians, as the Armenian Genocide with its geographical coverage (from Cilicia to Baku), was a consequence of the implementation of a comprehensive pan-Turkic program. There are numerous references to the issue in the historical literature, though the comprehensive study of ethnic cleansing and genocidal policies of Armenians in the Eastern CisCaucasus – in the territory stretching from the Kur Valley to the Apsheron Peninsula, has not been the subject of a separate study.
{"title":"Հայերի էթնիկ զտումների և ցեղասպանական քաղաքականության իրագործման փուլերն Արևելյան Այսրկովկասում (XI-XX դդ․) (Մաս 1)","authors":"Gevorg Stepanyan","doi":"10.52063/27382567-2021.1-9","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.52063/27382567-2021.1-9","url":null,"abstract":"THE STAGES OF IMPLEMENTATION OF THE POLICY OF ETHNIC CLEANSING AND GENOCIDE OF ARMENIANS IN THE EASTERN CIS-CAUCASUS (11TH-20TH CC.) (PART 1)\u0000\u0000The aim of the article is to present the motives and implementation stages of ethnic\u0000cleansing and genocidal policy perpetrated towards the indigenous Armenian population during the 11th-20th centuries in the Eastern Cis-Caucasus – in the territory stretching from the Kur Valley to the Apsheron Peninsula, on the basis of various primary sources (archival documents, statistical materials, periodical press, theme related literature). \u0000The work is written by a combined examination of facts, applying the principles of historical investigation and historical-comparative analysis. The level of reliability and validity of the sources through their comprehensive study have been verified.\u0000Through the combination of facts the following phases of the history of the main issue are presented: the policy of ethnic cleansing and genocide of Armenians in the Eastern Cis-Caucasus were still implemented in the 11th-18th centuries when the region regularly appeared under the invasions and dominion of various conquering nomadic tribes (Turk-Seljuks, Mongol-Tatars, Tamerlane, nomadic Turkmen tribes of Kara-Koyunlu and Ak-Koyunlu, Kizilbash invasions followed by the Turkish-Persian wars, Sunni Lezgins, invasions of Nader Shah and Agha Mohammad Khan). As a result, some part of the Armenian population was deported and left native lands or forcedly accepted the Muslim religion of the conquerers. The next phase of ethnic cleansing and atrocities was the period of the Armenian-Tatar clashes (1905-1906). Later, the policy of ethnic cleansing and genocide was implemented at state level already during the Musavat\u0000regime of the artificial “Azerbaijan” formation (1918-1920), and finally during the Soviet regime (1920-1990).\u0000The article substantiates the fact that the indigenous Armenian population of the region\u0000was subjected to ethnic cleansing and genocide in its cradle, just as the Young Turks carried out the extermination of the Western Armenians in 1915-1916 in Western Armenia. Therefore, this policy should be described as a continuation and an integral part of the Genocide of Armenians, as the Armenian Genocide with its geographical coverage (from Cilicia to Baku), was a consequence of the implementation of a comprehensive pan-Turkic program.\u0000There are numerous references to the issue in the historical literature, though the\u0000comprehensive study of ethnic cleansing and genocidal policies of Armenians in the Eastern CisCaucasus – in the territory stretching from the Kur Valley to the Apsheron Peninsula, has not been the subject of a separate study.","PeriodicalId":207059,"journal":{"name":"Scientific Artsakh","volume":"9 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128161196","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-03-01DOI: 10.52063/25792652-2021.1-47
Anzhela Elibegova
The purpose of the article is to define and analyze Azerbaijan’s main propaganda messages about the pogroms of Armenians in Sumgait on 27-29 February 1988. The main aim of the author is to highlight existing contradictions and falsifications in the coverage of Azerbaijan’s official position of these events. During the first stage of the research, the author conducts monitoring of media and official statements of Azerbaijan for data collection. In the next stages, the author uses the method of structural and content analysis to work with the text of criminal cases and testimonies regarding Sumgait pogroms. During the research, the author takes out Azerbaijan’s official propaganda messages, discovers the contradictions regarding the pogroms of Armenians in Sumgait and Baku, as well as refutes the myths about Eduard Gregorian as the organizer and coordinator of the pogroms. A series of universal recommendations are developed for the Armenian side with the main purpose of minimizing the influence of Azerbaijan’s propaganda and effective counteraction against it.
{"title":"Погромы армян в Сумгаите в 1988 г. как фактор антиармянской пропаганды в Азербайджане","authors":"Anzhela Elibegova","doi":"10.52063/25792652-2021.1-47","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.52063/25792652-2021.1-47","url":null,"abstract":"The purpose of the article is to define and analyze Azerbaijan’s main propaganda messages about the pogroms of Armenians in Sumgait on 27-29 February 1988. The main aim of the author is to highlight existing contradictions and falsifications in the coverage of Azerbaijan’s official position of these events. \u0000During the first stage of the research, the author conducts monitoring of media and official statements of Azerbaijan for data collection. In the next stages, the author uses the method of structural and content analysis to work with the text of criminal cases and testimonies regarding Sumgait pogroms.\u0000During the research, the author takes out Azerbaijan’s official propaganda messages, discovers the contradictions regarding the pogroms of Armenians in Sumgait and Baku, as well as refutes the myths about Eduard Gregorian as the organizer and coordinator of the pogroms. \u0000A series of universal recommendations are developed for the Armenian side with the main purpose of minimizing the influence of Azerbaijan’s propaganda and effective counteraction against it.","PeriodicalId":207059,"journal":{"name":"Scientific Artsakh","volume":"11 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126499923","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-03-01DOI: 10.52063/25792652-2021.1-237
Naira Nazaryan
The article is dedicated to the title pages by Toros Taronatsi, a miniaturist of the first half of the XIV century of Gladzor University. Many authors, such as S. Ter-Nersesyan, L. Durnovo, A. Avetisyan, E. Korkhmazyan, V. Ghazaryan, speaking about the Gladzor School of miniature, in their works referred to the art of Toros Taronatsi:. But his legacy has not been thoroughly explored to this day yet. Our choice fell on studying the art of Taronatsi for this very reason. The artist's art is interesting and attractive because it reflects the traditions of various schools miniature painting. The main objective of the article is the analysis of the main components that make up the title pages illustration system: rectangular illuminations, titles, initials, rubrics, marginals. The study used complex methods of artistic analysis. Studying the title pages of Taronatsi, we came to the conclusion, that there is an Armenian pre-Cilician and Cilician elements in the work of the master. Drawing parallels with the Cilician manuscripts, we made sure that the title pages contain especially Roslin elements. Comparison of the works by Toros Taronatsi and Toros Roslin allows us to call them “two brilliant Toroses” of medieval Armenian art.
这篇文章是专门为格拉德佐尔大学14世纪上半叶的微缩画家托罗斯·塔罗尼茨(Toros Taronatsi)的扉页写的。许多作家，如S. Ter-Nersesyan, L. Durnovo, A. Avetisyan, E. Korkhmazyan, V. Ghazaryan，在他们的作品中谈到了格拉德佐尔微型学派，提到了托罗斯·塔洛纳茨的艺术:但直到今天，他的遗产还没有得到充分的探索。我们选择学习Taronatsi的艺术正是出于这个原因。艺术家的艺术是有趣的和有吸引力的，因为它反映了各种流派的传统微型绘画。本文的主要目的是分析构成扉页插图系统的主要组成部分:矩形插图、标题、首字母、标题、边注。这项研究使用了复杂的艺术分析方法。研究Taronatsi的标题页，我们得出结论，在大师的作品中有亚美尼亚前西里西亚和西里西亚的元素。与西利西亚手稿比较，我们确保扉页包含特别的罗斯林元素。将托罗斯·塔罗尼茨和托罗斯·罗斯林的作品进行比较，我们可以将他们称为中世纪亚美尼亚艺术的“两个辉煌的玫瑰”。
{"title":"Տիտղոսաթերթերի գեղարվեստական ձևավորումները Թորոս Տարոնացու արվեստում (1307թ․ Եսայի Նչեցու Ավետարան)","authors":"Naira Nazaryan","doi":"10.52063/25792652-2021.1-237","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.52063/25792652-2021.1-237","url":null,"abstract":"The article is dedicated to the title pages by Toros Taronatsi, a miniaturist of the first half of the XIV century of Gladzor University. Many authors, such as S. Ter-Nersesyan, L. Durnovo, A. Avetisyan, E. Korkhmazyan, V. Ghazaryan, speaking about the Gladzor School of miniature, in their works referred to the art of Toros Taronatsi:. But his legacy has not been thoroughly explored to this day yet. Our choice fell on studying the art of Taronatsi for this very reason. The artist's art is interesting and attractive because it reflects the traditions of various schools miniature painting. \u0000The main objective of the article is the analysis of the main components that make up the title pages illustration system: rectangular illuminations, titles, initials, rubrics, marginals. The study used complex methods of artistic analysis. \u0000Studying the title pages of Taronatsi, we came to the conclusion, that there is an Armenian pre-Cilician and Cilician elements in the work of the master. Drawing parallels with the Cilician manuscripts, we made sure that the title pages contain especially Roslin elements. Comparison of the works by Toros Taronatsi and Toros Roslin allows us to call them “two brilliant Toroses” of medieval Armenian art.","PeriodicalId":207059,"journal":{"name":"Scientific Artsakh","volume":"63 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124780915","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1900-01-01DOI: 10.52063/25792652-2021.2-220
Knarik Arakelyan
The aim of the article is to present the main results of the study on characteristics of violence perception, the nature of the experienced violence and the realized victimity among girls and boys from vulnerable groups of the population who live in specialized institutions when both or one of their parents or guardians are present. The objectives of this paper were the analysis of scientific works devoted to the study of the relationship between violence by parents and the subsequent victimization of an individual (theoretical task); the identification of the peculiarities of violence perception as a phenomenon and the specific experience of experienced violence among teenagers from disadvantaged families who live in specialized institutions of the Republic of Armenia, as well as the study of the relationship between realized victim behavior and previous experience of violence (empirical task). In the course of empirical study the methods of questioning and testing were used, followed by a quantitative analysis of the data obtained. As a result of the study the following conclusion was formulated: respondents who have previous experience of violence are also characterized by a high level of realized victimity.
{"title":"ОСОБЕННОСТИ ПРОЯВЛЕНИЯ НАСИЛИЯ И РЕАЛИЗОВАННАЯ ВИКТИМНОСТЬ У ПОДРОСТКОВ ИЗ НЕБЛАГОПОЛУЧНЫХ СЕМЕЙ","authors":"Knarik Arakelyan","doi":"10.52063/25792652-2021.2-220","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.52063/25792652-2021.2-220","url":null,"abstract":"The aim of the article is to present the main results of the study on characteristics of violence perception, the nature of the experienced violence and the realized victimity among girls and boys from vulnerable groups of the population who live in specialized institutions when both or one of their parents or guardians are present. The objectives of this paper were the analysis of scientific works devoted to the study of the relationship between violence by parents and the subsequent victimization of an individual (theoretical task); the identification of the peculiarities of violence perception as a phenomenon and the specific experience of experienced violence among teenagers from disadvantaged families who live in specialized institutions of the Republic of Armenia, as well as the study of the relationship between realized victim behavior and previous experience of violence (empirical task). In the course of empirical study the methods of questioning and testing were used, followed by a quantitative analysis of the data obtained. As a result of the study the following conclusion was formulated: respondents who have previous experience of violence are also characterized by a high level of realized victimity.","PeriodicalId":207059,"journal":{"name":"Scientific Artsakh","volume":"5 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124395707","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1900-01-01DOI: 10.52063/25792652-2022.1.12-45
Գեվորգ Ստեփանյան
Հոդվածի նպատակն է տարաբնույթ սկզբնաղբյուրների (արխիվային փաստաթղթեր, վիճակագրական նյութեր, պարբերական մամուլ, թեմային առնչվող գրականություն) հենքի վրա ներկայացնել XI-XX դարերի ընթացքում Արևելյան Այսրկովկասում՝ Կուրի դաշտավայրից մինչև Ապշերոն թերակղզի ընկած տարածքում տեղաբնիկ հայ բնակչության նկատմամբ իրականացված էթնիկ զտումների և ցեղասպանական քաղաքականության պատճառներն ու իրագործման փուլերը: Աշխատանքը շարադրված է փաստերի համադիր քննությամբ, պատմաքննական ու պատմահամեմատական վերլուծության սկզբունքների կիրառմամբ: Աղբյուրների հավաստիության ու վավերականության աստիճանը ճշտել ենք դրանց համակողմանի ուսումնասիրության միջոցով: Փաստերի համադրմամբ տրվում է հիմնահարցի պատմության հետևյալ փուլայնացումը Արևելյան Այսրկովկասում տեղաբնիկ հայերի էթնիկ զտումներն ու կոտորածները տակավին իրականացվել են XI-XVIII դարերում, երբ երկրամասը պարբերաբար հայտնվում էր այլևայլ նվաճող, վաչկատուն ցեղերի ու պետությունների արշավանքների և տիրապետության տակ (թուրքսելջուկներ, մոնղոլ-թաթարներ, Լանկ-Թեմուր, կարա-կոյունլու և ակ-կոյունլու թուրքմենական քոչվոր ցեղեր և ղզլբաշների արշավանքներ, դրանց հաջորդած թուրք-պարսկական պատերազմներ, սուննի լեզգիներ, Նադիր շահի ու Աղա Մուհամմադ խանի արշավանքներ)։ Դրա հետևանքով հայ բնակչության մի որոշ մասը բռնատեղափոխվեց և լքեց հայրենի տարածքները կամ հարկադրաբար ընդունեց նվաճողների մահմեդական դավանանքը։ Էթնիկ զտումների ու կոտորածների հաջորդ փուլը հայ-թաթարական ընդհարումների շրջանն էր (1905-1906 թթ.)։ Հետագայում ցեղասպանական քաղաքականությունը պետական մակարդակով է իրականացվել՝ արդեն արհեստածին «Ադրբեջան» կազմավորման մուսավաթական (1918-1920 թթ.) և վերջում՝ Ադրբեջանի խորհրդային վարչակարգերի ժամանակաշրջաններում (1920-1990 թթ.)։ Հոդվածում հիմնավորված է այն իրողությունը, որ երկրամասի տեղաբնիկ հայ բնակչությունը էթնիկ զտումների ու ցեղասպանության ենթարկվեց իր բնօրրանում այնպես, ինչպես երիտթուրքերն իրագործեցին արևմտահայերի բնաջնջումը։ Հետևաբար այդ քաղաքականությունը պետք է որակել որպես հայերի ցեղասպանության շարունակություն և բաղկացուցիչ մաս, քանզի Հայոց ցեղասպանությունն իր աշխարհագրական ընդգրկմամբ (Կիլիկիայից մինչև Բաքու) համաթուրքականության ամբողջական ծրագրի իրականացման հետևանք էր: Պատմագիտական գրականության մեջ թեև խնդրո առարկա հարցի վերաբերյալ անդրադարձները բազմաթիվ են, սակայն առանձին քննության առարկա չի դարձել Արևելյան Այսրկովկասում՝ Կուրի դաշտավայրից Ապշերոն թերակղզի ընկած տարածքում, հայերի էթնիկ զտումների ու ցեղասպանական քաղաքականության ամբողջական ուսումնասիրությունը:
{"title":"ՀԱՅԵՐԻ ԷԹՆԻԿ ԶՏՈՒՄՆԵՐԻ ԵՎ ՑԵՂԱՍՊԱՆԱԿԱՆ ՔԱՂԱՔԱԿԱՆՈՒԹՅԱՆ ԻՐԱԳՈՐԾՄԱՆ ՓՈՒԼԵՐՆ ԱՐԵՎԵԼՅԱՆ ԱՅՍՐԿՈՎԿԱՍՈՒՄ (XI-XX ԴԴ ) (ՄԱՍ 3)","authors":"Գեվորգ Ստեփանյան","doi":"10.52063/25792652-2022.1.12-45","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.52063/25792652-2022.1.12-45","url":null,"abstract":"Հոդվածի նպատակն է տարաբնույթ սկզբնաղբյուրների (արխիվային փաստաթղթեր, վիճակագրական նյութեր, պարբերական մամուլ, թեմային առնչվող գրականություն) հենքի վրա ներկայացնել XI-XX դարերի ընթացքում Արևելյան Այսրկովկասում՝ Կուրի դաշտավայրից մինչև Ապշերոն թերակղզի ընկած տարածքում տեղաբնիկ հայ բնակչության նկատմամբ իրականացված էթնիկ զտումների և ցեղասպանական քաղաքականության պատճառներն ու իրագործման փուլերը: \u0000Աշխատանքը շարադրված է փաստերի համադիր քննությամբ, պատմաքննական ու պատմահամեմատական վերլուծության սկզբունքների կիրառմամբ: Աղբյուրների հավաստիության ու վավերականության աստիճանը ճշտել ենք դրանց համակողմանի ուսումնասիրության միջոցով: \u0000Փաստերի համադրմամբ տրվում է հիմնահարցի պատմության հետևյալ փուլայնացումը Արևելյան Այսրկովկասում տեղաբնիկ հայերի էթնիկ զտումներն ու կոտորածները տակավին իրականացվել են XI-XVIII դարերում, երբ երկրամասը պարբերաբար հայտնվում էր այլևայլ նվաճող, վաչկատուն ցեղերի ու պետությունների արշավանքների և տիրապետության տակ (թուրքսելջուկներ, մոնղոլ-թաթարներ, Լանկ-Թեմուր, կարա-կոյունլու և ակ-կոյունլու թուրքմենական քոչվոր ցեղեր և ղզլբաշների արշավանքներ, դրանց հաջորդած թուրք-պարսկական պատերազմներ, սուննի լեզգիներ, Նադիր շահի ու Աղա Մուհամմադ խանի արշավանքներ)։ Դրա հետևանքով հայ բնակչության մի որոշ մասը բռնատեղափոխվեց և լքեց հայրենի տարածքները կամ հարկադրաբար ընդունեց նվաճողների մահմեդական դավանանքը։ Էթնիկ զտումների ու կոտորածների հաջորդ փուլը հայ-թաթարական ընդհարումների շրջանն էր (1905-1906 թթ.)։ Հետագայում ցեղասպանական քաղաքականությունը պետական մակարդակով է իրականացվել՝ արդեն արհեստածին «Ադրբեջան» կազմավորման մուսավաթական (1918-1920 թթ.) և վերջում՝ Ադրբեջանի խորհրդային վարչակարգերի ժամանակաշրջաններում \u0000(1920-1990 թթ.)։ \u0000Հոդվածում հիմնավորված է այն իրողությունը, որ երկրամասի տեղաբնիկ հայ բնակչությունը էթնիկ զտումների ու ցեղասպանության ենթարկվեց իր բնօրրանում այնպես, ինչպես երիտթուրքերն իրագործեցին արևմտահայերի բնաջնջումը։ Հետևաբար այդ քաղաքականությունը պետք է որակել որպես հայերի ցեղասպանության շարունակություն և բաղկացուցիչ մաս, քանզի Հայոց ցեղասպանությունն իր աշխարհագրական ընդգրկմամբ (Կիլիկիայից մինչև Բաքու) համաթուրքականության ամբողջական ծրագրի իրականացման հետևանք էր: Պատմագիտական գրականության մեջ թեև խնդրո առարկա հարցի վերաբերյալ անդրադարձները բազմաթիվ են, սակայն առանձին քննության առարկա չի դարձել Արևելյան Այսրկովկասում՝ Կուրի դաշտավայրից Ապշերոն թերակղզի ընկած տարածքում, հայերի էթնիկ զտումների ու ցեղասպանական քաղաքականության ամբողջական ուսումնասիրությունը:","PeriodicalId":207059,"journal":{"name":"Scientific Artsakh","volume":"136 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127295299","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1900-01-01DOI: 10.52063/25792652-2022.4.15-6
Arman Asryan
This article intends to present the terrorist criminal actions of Azerbaijan carried out continuously and widely against the people of Artsakh after the 2020 44-day war, as well as to provide the goals of these actions and their legal qualification within the framework of international law. The work was done by means of historical research, analysis of norms of international law, court rulings, and scientific doctrines, as well as research and comparison of factual circumstances relevant to this article. In the end, it has been concluded that the crimes committed by Azerbaijan against the people of Artsakh are not isolated, local incidents, but a continuation of a systematic and widespread deliberate state policy planned and carried out for decades, having the goal of achieving the final depopulation of Artsakh.
{"title":"Azerbaijan’s Policy of Ethnic Cleansing against the Armenian Population of Artsakh after the 44-Day War","authors":"Arman Asryan","doi":"10.52063/25792652-2022.4.15-6","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.52063/25792652-2022.4.15-6","url":null,"abstract":"This article intends to present the terrorist criminal actions of Azerbaijan carried out continuously and widely against the people of Artsakh after the 2020 44-day war, as well as to provide the goals of these actions and their legal qualification within the framework of international law.\u0000 The work was done by means of historical research, analysis of norms of international law, court rulings, and scientific doctrines, as well as research and comparison of factual circumstances relevant to this article.\u0000 In the end, it has been concluded that the crimes committed by Azerbaijan against the people of Artsakh are not isolated, local incidents, but a continuation of a systematic and widespread deliberate state policy planned and carried out for decades, having the goal of achieving the final depopulation of Artsakh.","PeriodicalId":207059,"journal":{"name":"Scientific Artsakh","volume":"22 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127312610","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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