Pub Date : 2013-08-13DOI: 10.11127/IJAMMC.2013.07.05
M. Rath
The present study deals with the parametric resonance characteristics of woven fiber laminated composite plates with uniform rise in temperature and moisture concentration. The effects of various parameters like increase in number of layers, ply-orientations of composite plates at elevated temperatures and moisture concentrations on the principal instability regions are studied using finite element method. The first-order shear deformation theory is used to model the composite plates under hygrothermal environment, considering the effects of transverse shear deformation and rotary inertia. The results on the dynamic stability studies of the woven fiber laminated composite plates with different parameters suggest that the onset of instability occurs earlier and the width of dynamic instability regions increase with rise in temperature and moisture. The instability occurs earlier with increase in temperature and moisture for different parameters.
{"title":"Resonance Characteristics of Woven Fiber Composite Flat Panels in Hygrothermal Environment","authors":"M. Rath","doi":"10.11127/IJAMMC.2013.07.05","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.11127/IJAMMC.2013.07.05","url":null,"abstract":"The present study deals with the parametric resonance characteristics of woven fiber laminated composite plates with uniform rise in temperature and moisture concentration. The effects of various parameters like increase in number of layers, ply-orientations of composite plates at elevated temperatures and moisture concentrations on the principal instability regions are studied using finite element method. The first-order shear deformation theory is used to model the composite plates under hygrothermal environment, considering the effects of transverse shear deformation and rotary inertia. The results on the dynamic stability studies of the woven fiber laminated composite plates with different parameters suggest that the onset of instability occurs earlier and the width of dynamic instability regions increase with rise in temperature and moisture. The instability occurs earlier with increase in temperature and moisture for different parameters.","PeriodicalId":207087,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Advanced Materials Manufacturing and Characterization","volume":"114 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2013-08-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130928292","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2013-08-13DOI: 10.11127/IJAMMC.2013.07.07
K. S. Vadayar, S. Rani, G. Satya, V. V. B. Prasad
Discontinuous particulate reinforced metal matrix composites (MMC)’s due to their low cost, ease of manufacturing and relatively good isotropic mechanical properties, form one of the major and important applicative class of composite materials. Titanium being one among the matrix materials (other important ones including Al, Mg, Cu and their alloys) widens its scope of usage due to its high strength to weight ratio, high stiffness, good corrosion resistance and high creep resistance. In the present work discontinuously reinforced titanium matrix composites (TMCs) were synthesized by using CP Ti powder (13μm) and B4C powder of varying particle sizes (165μm, 49μm, 8μm) through powder metallurgy. The blended powder were consolidated by VHP at 1000 ̊C for 1hr. XRD analysis was carried out to conform the extent of the reaction and the types of phases present. Microstructural analyses were carried out. The strength of the composites were evaluated by the three point bend test. The test revealed that the composites have high flexural strength with respect to unreinforced titanium. The fractography of the bend tested samples was carried out using SEM which revealed a mixed mode of fracture for the composites
{"title":"Production and Characterization of Titanium Matrix Composites by VHP Route","authors":"K. S. Vadayar, S. Rani, G. Satya, V. V. B. Prasad","doi":"10.11127/IJAMMC.2013.07.07","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.11127/IJAMMC.2013.07.07","url":null,"abstract":"Discontinuous particulate reinforced metal matrix composites (MMC)’s due to their low cost, ease of manufacturing and relatively good isotropic mechanical properties, form one of the major and important applicative class of composite materials. Titanium being one among the matrix materials (other important ones including Al, Mg, Cu and their alloys) widens its scope of usage due to its high strength to weight ratio, high stiffness, good corrosion resistance and high creep resistance. In the present work discontinuously reinforced titanium matrix composites (TMCs) were synthesized by using CP Ti powder (13μm) and B4C powder of varying particle sizes (165μm, 49μm, 8μm) through powder metallurgy. The blended powder were consolidated by VHP at 1000 ̊C for 1hr. XRD analysis was carried out to conform the extent of the reaction and the types of phases present. Microstructural analyses were carried out. The strength of the composites were evaluated by the three point bend test. The test revealed that the composites have high flexural strength with respect to unreinforced titanium. The fractography of the bend tested samples was carried out using SEM which revealed a mixed mode of fracture for the composites","PeriodicalId":207087,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Advanced Materials Manufacturing and Characterization","volume":"39 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2013-08-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127056662","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2013-08-13DOI: 10.11127/IJAMMC.2013.07.04
S. Assarzadeh, M. Ghoreishi
A B S T R A C T Following the first part, in the second part, a complete parametric analysis including main effects along with the joint effects of significant two-way interactive factors are performed over each previously developed response (MRR, TWR, and Ra). It has mainly been revealed that all the responses are affected by the rate and extent of discharge energy but in a controversial manner. The MRR increases by either enhancing electrical discharge density or rising sparking frequency. Low TWRs can essentially be established by a combination of low current levels with prolonged pulse on-times or longer pulse on- times with smaller duty cycles. Less rough surfaces are achievable via a blend of either low current intensity with shorter pulse on-time or low current level with higher gap voltage. Moreover, to locate the exact numerical values of optimal settings, a multi-objective optimization technique based on the concept of desirability function was then applied to the response equations to simultaneously find optimum points of input parameters capable of producing the highest possible amount of MRR and lowest amounts of TWR and Ra within the investigated process domain in a compromise manner. The obtained predicted optimal results were then interpreted and verified experimentally to compute confirmation errors. The values of relative validation errors, all being found to be quite satisfactory (about 11% at the worst case); proves the effectiveness and reliability of suggested approach in optimizing the highly interconnected EDM parameters on WC-6%Co composite.
{"title":"Statistical Investigation into the Effects of Electro-Discharge Machining Parameters on WC/6%Co Composite-Part 2: Parametric Analysis and Optimization through Desirability Function (DF)","authors":"S. Assarzadeh, M. Ghoreishi","doi":"10.11127/IJAMMC.2013.07.04","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.11127/IJAMMC.2013.07.04","url":null,"abstract":"A B S T R A C T Following the first part, in the second part, a complete parametric analysis including main effects along with the joint effects of significant two-way interactive factors are performed over each previously developed response (MRR, TWR, and Ra). It has mainly been revealed that all the responses are affected by the rate and extent of discharge energy but in a controversial manner. The MRR increases by either enhancing electrical discharge density or rising sparking frequency. Low TWRs can essentially be established by a combination of low current levels with prolonged pulse on-times or longer pulse on- times with smaller duty cycles. Less rough surfaces are achievable via a blend of either low current intensity with shorter pulse on-time or low current level with higher gap voltage. Moreover, to locate the exact numerical values of optimal settings, a multi-objective optimization technique based on the concept of desirability function was then applied to the response equations to simultaneously find optimum points of input parameters capable of producing the highest possible amount of MRR and lowest amounts of TWR and Ra within the investigated process domain in a compromise manner. The obtained predicted optimal results were then interpreted and verified experimentally to compute confirmation errors. The values of relative validation errors, all being found to be quite satisfactory (about 11% at the worst case); proves the effectiveness and reliability of suggested approach in optimizing the highly interconnected EDM parameters on WC-6%Co composite.","PeriodicalId":207087,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Advanced Materials Manufacturing and Characterization","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2013-08-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116748929","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2013-08-13DOI: 10.11127/IJAMMC.2013.07.12
G. Rajesh, A. V. R. Prasad
A B S T R A C T The use of natural fibres like flax, hemp, jute, kenaf, etc. as replacement to man made fibres in fibre- reinforced composites have increased now a days due to advantages like low density, low cost and biodegradability. But the natural fibres have poor compatibility with the matrix and they have relatively high moisture sorption. Therefore different chemical treatments are done on the fibres to modify the surface. In this research, short jute fibre reinforced polypropylene composites have been developed by injection molding technique with varying parameters like fibre loading (0%, 5%, 7.5%, 10%, 12.5% &15% by weight) and fibre condition (untreated, NaOH treated followed by bleaching with H2O2) at constant fibre length of 3mm. Then these composite specimens are tested for tensile strength. The results showed that tensile strength increases with increase in the fibre loading and also with increase in %NaOH (5%, 10% & 15%) concentration in the treatment followed by bleaching with H2O2. However after 10% fibre loading with 10%NaOH concentration in the fibre treatment, the strength decreased again. There was small increase in the strength of composite with treated fibres compared to composite with untreated fibres. The modulus of the composite with treated fibres has increased considerably when compared to plain PP and untreated fibre reinforced PP composite
{"title":"Effect of Fibre Loading and Successive Alkali Treatments on Tensile Properties of Short Jute Fibre Reinforced Polypropylene Composites","authors":"G. Rajesh, A. V. R. Prasad","doi":"10.11127/IJAMMC.2013.07.12","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.11127/IJAMMC.2013.07.12","url":null,"abstract":"A B S T R A C T The use of natural fibres like flax, hemp, jute, kenaf, etc. as replacement to man made fibres in fibre- reinforced composites have increased now a days due to advantages like low density, low cost and biodegradability. But the natural fibres have poor compatibility with the matrix and they have relatively high moisture sorption. Therefore different chemical treatments are done on the fibres to modify the surface. In this research, short jute fibre reinforced polypropylene composites have been developed by injection molding technique with varying parameters like fibre loading (0%, 5%, 7.5%, 10%, 12.5% &15% by weight) and fibre condition (untreated, NaOH treated followed by bleaching with H2O2) at constant fibre length of 3mm. Then these composite specimens are tested for tensile strength. The results showed that tensile strength increases with increase in the fibre loading and also with increase in %NaOH (5%, 10% & 15%) concentration in the treatment followed by bleaching with H2O2. However after 10% fibre loading with 10%NaOH concentration in the fibre treatment, the strength decreased again. There was small increase in the strength of composite with treated fibres compared to composite with untreated fibres. The modulus of the composite with treated fibres has increased considerably when compared to plain PP and untreated fibre reinforced PP composite","PeriodicalId":207087,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Advanced Materials Manufacturing and Characterization","volume":"200 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2013-08-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115289722","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2013-03-13DOI: 10.11127/IJAMMC.2013.02.007
Seyed Ebrahim Vahdat, Alireza Pournaghi
This paper introduces a mathematical method based on fuzzy logic which is used in designing of bone implant. Five sets of criteria are defined as follow: total corrosion resistance, biocompatibility, adherence, technical specs and price. Each of these criterions is divided into its subsets. Then membership functions of sets are defined. In continuation the satisfactory degree is calculated. Finally, biomaterial favorability is determined and the effect of price on sensitivity analysis is analyzed. Twelve common metallic biomaterials are used in the database. These methods show the satisfactory value for bone implant as a continuous value ranging from zero to one. Therefore, biomaterial designer can compare a new material to the database systematically and he/she can determine restricted parameters to increase the performance of bone implant. The results show; the model is sensitive. In addition; price is an effective parameter in the selection of implants and it leads to customer satisfaction. Dieter defined the material selection as swiftness of the process of designing any component which its purpose is to reduce cost while gaining product performance goals [1]. Therefore, logical selection of the best material for a given application begins with properties and price of candidate materials. An Ashby plot is a scatter scheme which displays two or more properties of different materials [2]. Therefore, a material of excellent technical specs may have not sufficient biocompatibility, while a material with good compatibility may have low technical specs. Nowadays materials are developing faster than at any other time historically; the challenges and opportunities are therefore greater than ever before. Karande and Chakraborty found out that a systematic and numerical method for material selection will help the material designers to choose and compare the new material with the common materials database [3]. Ramalhete et al., Jahan et al., Chatterjee and Chakraborty concluded that on the basis of mathematical methods, it is possible to maximize the utilization of design [4, 5, 6]. Therefore, this paper deals with mathematical strategies of developing bone implant selection. A few researches, using various approaches, have been done about the selection and optimization of bone implant. Albiñanaand Vila analyzed a workflow that breaks the work down into stages and gates, and specifies how the preliminary selection is to be performed [7]. Rao and Patel used subjective and objective integrated multiple attribute decision making method for material selection [8]. Rao and Davim used a combined multiple attribute decision-making method for material selection [9]. Also, Bahraminasab and Jahan used comprehensive special method (VIKOR) for material selection of femoral component of total knee replacement [10]. José et al selected a biomaterial approach to the construction of valve leaflets for cardiac bio-prostheses[11]. Zander and Sandström expected the optimu
{"title":"Optimization of Bone Implant Selection with Price Analysis","authors":"Seyed Ebrahim Vahdat, Alireza Pournaghi","doi":"10.11127/IJAMMC.2013.02.007","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.11127/IJAMMC.2013.02.007","url":null,"abstract":"This paper introduces a mathematical method based on fuzzy logic which is used in designing of bone implant. Five sets of criteria are defined as follow: total corrosion resistance, biocompatibility, adherence, technical specs and price. Each of these criterions is divided into its subsets. Then membership functions of sets are defined. In continuation the satisfactory degree is calculated. Finally, biomaterial favorability is determined and the effect of price on sensitivity analysis is analyzed. Twelve common metallic biomaterials are used in the database. These methods show the satisfactory value for bone implant as a continuous value ranging from zero to one. Therefore, biomaterial designer can compare a new material to the database systematically and he/she can determine restricted parameters to increase the performance of bone implant. The results show; the model is sensitive. In addition; price is an effective parameter in the selection of implants and it leads to customer satisfaction. Dieter defined the material selection as swiftness of the process of designing any component which its purpose is to reduce cost while gaining product performance goals [1]. Therefore, logical selection of the best material for a given application begins with properties and price of candidate materials. An Ashby plot is a scatter scheme which displays two or more properties of different materials [2]. Therefore, a material of excellent technical specs may have not sufficient biocompatibility, while a material with good compatibility may have low technical specs. Nowadays materials are developing faster than at any other time historically; the challenges and opportunities are therefore greater than ever before. Karande and Chakraborty found out that a systematic and numerical method for material selection will help the material designers to choose and compare the new material with the common materials database [3]. Ramalhete et al., Jahan et al., Chatterjee and Chakraborty concluded that on the basis of mathematical methods, it is possible to maximize the utilization of design [4, 5, 6]. Therefore, this paper deals with mathematical strategies of developing bone implant selection. A few researches, using various approaches, have been done about the selection and optimization of bone implant. Albiñanaand Vila analyzed a workflow that breaks the work down into stages and gates, and specifies how the preliminary selection is to be performed [7]. Rao and Patel used subjective and objective integrated multiple attribute decision making method for material selection [8]. Rao and Davim used a combined multiple attribute decision-making method for material selection [9]. Also, Bahraminasab and Jahan used comprehensive special method (VIKOR) for material selection of femoral component of total knee replacement [10]. José et al selected a biomaterial approach to the construction of valve leaflets for cardiac bio-prostheses[11]. Zander and Sandström expected the optimu","PeriodicalId":207087,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Advanced Materials Manufacturing and Characterization","volume":"6 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2013-03-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115741176","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2013-03-13DOI: 10.11127/IJAMMC.2013.02.065
R. Ramanarayanan, C. V. Reddy, R. Aditya
Metals are not suitable materials for aerospace applications due to their high density and therefore composite materials are used as substitute due to their light weight and high strength characteristics. Composite materials especially carbon-epoxy composites are especially strength bearing materials useful in aero space applications used as airframe structures . Filament winding process, tape wound process, and molding processes are used for fabrication of air frame structures, which are capable to mechanical loads when compared to other materials. Bi-directional carbon-epoxy composites are representative materials to filament tape wound components of air frame structure. This study is tried to analyse the fiber volume fraction of the composites with effective consolidation (low thickness) of layers by applying vacuum and pressure during curing of the laminate. Mechanical properties like tensile, flexural and inter laminar shear strength for carbon-epoxy (LY556+HT972),bi-directional composites with different process parameters to fiber volume fraction with low thickness. The results from the study have demonstrated that the composites cured with vacuum and pressure is exhibiting improvement in tensile strength, flexural strength due to high fiber volume fraction. Material have been classified into four categories based on their applications to achieve particular physical, mechanical and therm al characteristics. 1Metals, 2.Organicmaterials(polymers), 3.Cera micmaterials, 4.Composite materials. A composite is commonly defined as a combination of two or more distinct material search of which retains its own distinctive properties, to create a new material. The two distinct materials. Composites are the mixture of two materials, which in combination, offer superior properties to the materials alone. Structural composites usually refer to the use of fibers which are embedded in a plastic. These composites offer high strength with very little weight.. The two distinct materials are one is matrix and another is reinforcement embedded in the plastic. Matrix surrounds the reinforcement and protects the reinforcements impart their special mechanical and physical properties to enhance the matrix properties. A synergism produces material properties unavailable from the individual constituent materials. The matrix material can be introduced to the reinforcement before or after the reinforcement material is placed into the mold cavity allows the designer of the product or structure to choose an optimum combination. Composites are having the following advantages in terms of light weight , weight distribution, high strength to weight ratio, directional strength and stiffness, corrosion resistance, weather resistance, low thermal conductivity, low coefficient of thermal expansion, high dielectric strength, nonmagnetic and radar transparency.
{"title":"Characterization of Epoxy based Composites for Light Weight and High Strength Applications for Air-Frame Structures","authors":"R. Ramanarayanan, C. V. Reddy, R. Aditya","doi":"10.11127/IJAMMC.2013.02.065","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.11127/IJAMMC.2013.02.065","url":null,"abstract":"Metals are not suitable materials for aerospace applications due to their high density and therefore composite materials are used as substitute due to their light weight and high strength characteristics. Composite materials especially carbon-epoxy composites are especially strength bearing materials useful in aero space applications used as airframe structures . Filament winding process, tape wound process, and molding processes are used for fabrication of air frame structures, which are capable to mechanical loads when compared to other materials. Bi-directional carbon-epoxy composites are representative materials to filament tape wound components of air frame structure. This study is tried to analyse the fiber volume fraction of the composites with effective consolidation (low thickness) of layers by applying vacuum and pressure during curing of the laminate. Mechanical properties like tensile, flexural and inter laminar shear strength for carbon-epoxy (LY556+HT972),bi-directional composites with different process parameters to fiber volume fraction with low thickness. The results from the study have demonstrated that the composites cured with vacuum and pressure is exhibiting improvement in tensile strength, flexural strength due to high fiber volume fraction. Material have been classified into four categories based on their applications to achieve particular physical, mechanical and therm al characteristics. 1Metals, 2.Organicmaterials(polymers), 3.Cera micmaterials, 4.Composite materials. A composite is commonly defined as a combination of two or more distinct material search of which retains its own distinctive properties, to create a new material. The two distinct materials. Composites are the mixture of two materials, which in combination, offer superior properties to the materials alone. Structural composites usually refer to the use of fibers which are embedded in a plastic. These composites offer high strength with very little weight.. The two distinct materials are one is matrix and another is reinforcement embedded in the plastic. Matrix surrounds the reinforcement and protects the reinforcements impart their special mechanical and physical properties to enhance the matrix properties. A synergism produces material properties unavailable from the individual constituent materials. The matrix material can be introduced to the reinforcement before or after the reinforcement material is placed into the mold cavity allows the designer of the product or structure to choose an optimum combination. Composites are having the following advantages in terms of light weight , weight distribution, high strength to weight ratio, directional strength and stiffness, corrosion resistance, weather resistance, low thermal conductivity, low coefficient of thermal expansion, high dielectric strength, nonmagnetic and radar transparency.","PeriodicalId":207087,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Advanced Materials Manufacturing and Characterization","volume":"23 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2013-03-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124846738","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2013-03-13DOI: 10.11127/IJAMMC.2013.02.075
B. Ajitha, A. Divya, P. S. Reddy
Spherical shaped silver nanoparticles have been synthesized through chemical reduction method using tri sodium citrate as reductant and PVA as surfactant. We have studied the pH influence on the properties of synthesized silver nanoparticles. Broadened XRD peaks confirmed the formation of small nano-sized silver particles with face centered cubic (FCC) structure. The average particle size of the silver nanoparticles decreased from 32 nm to 20 nm when the pH is increased from 6 to 10. The particle size decreased with increasing pH value was confirmed by both XRD and FESEM studies. FTIR measurements concluded that intact of PVA with silver nanoparticles
{"title":"Impact of Ph on the Properties of Spherical Silver Nanoparticles Capped by PVA","authors":"B. Ajitha, A. Divya, P. S. Reddy","doi":"10.11127/IJAMMC.2013.02.075","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.11127/IJAMMC.2013.02.075","url":null,"abstract":"Spherical shaped silver nanoparticles have been synthesized through chemical reduction method using tri sodium citrate as reductant and PVA as surfactant. We have studied the pH influence on the properties of synthesized silver nanoparticles. Broadened XRD peaks confirmed the formation of small nano-sized silver particles with face centered cubic (FCC) structure. The average particle size of the silver nanoparticles decreased from 32 nm to 20 nm when the pH is increased from 6 to 10. The particle size decreased with increasing pH value was confirmed by both XRD and FESEM studies. FTIR measurements concluded that intact of PVA with silver nanoparticles","PeriodicalId":207087,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Advanced Materials Manufacturing and Characterization","volume":"4 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2013-03-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124961494","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2013-03-13DOI: 10.11127/IJAMMC.2013.02.017
P. Ghatule, S. Kore
In automotive industry there is a general trend of decreasing the vehicle weight which encourages the use light weight metals like aluminium. As EMF can enhance the formability of aluminium it is becoming popular in automotive industry. The limitations of conventional forming like low formability increased wrinkling and springback can be overcome by EMF. As the driving force in EMF is the pulsed magnetic field, it is a contactless forming process which is another advantage over conventional forming. As the EMF process takes place in few microseconds it’s too hard to study it experimentally. EMF is simulated by EM module in LS-DYNATM to predict deformation, current wave pattern, and electromagnetic field. Electro-magnetic force is the driving force in electromagnetic forming process. It has been used in the forming of light weight and difficult to form metals like aluminium and magnesium alloy etc. As the process involves high strain rate, it has all the advantages of high-velocity forming process like increased formability, reduced springback and reduced wrinkling [1, 2]. In this technique large amplitude electric current (100 kA to 200 kA) is passed through the coil for few microseconds. The strain rate achieved is of the order of 10-3. Inertia force plays an important role in EMF reducing the wrinkling of the parts [3]. Electromagnetic forming involves thermal, mechanical and electromagnetic phenomenon. Conraux et al. [4] developed a formulation for a 3D magneto dynamic problem and presented constitutive equations that govern electromagnetism during electromagnetic forming. LSTC has developed EM module to numerically simulate electromagnetic forming [5]. Electromagnetic fields are solved by finite element method and surrounding air/insulators are taken care by boundary element method. M.A.Bahmani et al. [6] have carried out 3D simulations by FEA software MAXWELL and they are used to calculate the magnetic force distribution applied on the workpiece during the electromagnetic forming. G.Bartels et al. [7] has presented simulation approaches for the preliminary investigation of the electromagnetic metal forming process. He has compared an uncoupled simulation model to a more rigorous sequentialcoupled approach. According to G.Bartels et al. the simple loose coupled approach can only be used for relatively fast deformation process. Otherwise the more accurate sequential-coupled model should be used. Jianhui Shang et al. [8] have assessed the predictive ability of EM module in LS DYNA through comparison between experimental and numerical results of electromagnetic tube expansion. Electromagnetic forming process is carried out in few microseconds and it is difficult to find out the strain behaviour, velocity of workpiece, and deformation pattern experimentally. Current work is focusing on estimating few of these parameters numerically. The simulation of electromagnetic free expansion of Al tube is carried out with the help of EM module available in
{"title":"Coupled 3D Finite Element Modeling of Electromagnetic Free Expansion of Al Tube","authors":"P. Ghatule, S. Kore","doi":"10.11127/IJAMMC.2013.02.017","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.11127/IJAMMC.2013.02.017","url":null,"abstract":"In automotive industry there is a general trend of decreasing the vehicle weight which encourages the use light weight metals like aluminium. As EMF can enhance the formability of aluminium it is becoming popular in automotive industry. The limitations of conventional forming like low formability increased wrinkling and springback can be overcome by EMF. As the driving force in EMF is the pulsed magnetic field, it is a contactless forming process which is another advantage over conventional forming. As the EMF process takes place in few microseconds it’s too hard to study it experimentally. EMF is simulated by EM module in LS-DYNATM to predict deformation, current wave pattern, and electromagnetic field. Electro-magnetic force is the driving force in electromagnetic forming process. It has been used in the forming of light weight and difficult to form metals like aluminium and magnesium alloy etc. As the process involves high strain rate, it has all the advantages of high-velocity forming process like increased formability, reduced springback and reduced wrinkling [1, 2]. In this technique large amplitude electric current (100 kA to 200 kA) is passed through the coil for few microseconds. The strain rate achieved is of the order of 10-3. Inertia force plays an important role in EMF reducing the wrinkling of the parts [3]. Electromagnetic forming involves thermal, mechanical and electromagnetic phenomenon. Conraux et al. [4] developed a formulation for a 3D magneto dynamic problem and presented constitutive equations that govern electromagnetism during electromagnetic forming. LSTC has developed EM module to numerically simulate electromagnetic forming [5]. Electromagnetic fields are solved by finite element method and surrounding air/insulators are taken care by boundary element method. M.A.Bahmani et al. [6] have carried out 3D simulations by FEA software MAXWELL and they are used to calculate the magnetic force distribution applied on the workpiece during the electromagnetic forming. G.Bartels et al. [7] has presented simulation approaches for the preliminary investigation of the electromagnetic metal forming process. He has compared an uncoupled simulation model to a more rigorous sequentialcoupled approach. According to G.Bartels et al. the simple loose coupled approach can only be used for relatively fast deformation process. Otherwise the more accurate sequential-coupled model should be used. Jianhui Shang et al. [8] have assessed the predictive ability of EM module in LS DYNA through comparison between experimental and numerical results of electromagnetic tube expansion. Electromagnetic forming process is carried out in few microseconds and it is difficult to find out the strain behaviour, velocity of workpiece, and deformation pattern experimentally. Current work is focusing on estimating few of these parameters numerically. The simulation of electromagnetic free expansion of Al tube is carried out with the help of EM module available in ","PeriodicalId":207087,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Advanced Materials Manufacturing and Characterization","volume":"35 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2013-03-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129929178","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2013-03-13DOI: 10.11127/IJAMMC.2013.02.050
D. Dash, S. Samanta, S. S. Gautam, M. Murlidhar
The present work consists of mechanical characterization of Natural Fiber Reinforced Composites (NFRC) consisting of epoxy resin reinforced with jute fiber and bamboo fiber. Hand lay-up technique was used for fabrication of the composite specimens. The specimens were prepared according to the ASTM D3039 and D3410 standards for tensile and compressive test respectively. Experimentation was carried out using INSTRON 8801. The results were compared with the glass/epoxy composite. The effect of fiber orientation (0 /90 , 15 /-75 , 30 /-60 , and 45 /-45 ) was analyzed and it shows that the fiber orientation of 0 /90 provides higher strength and stiffness than other fiber orientations used in this work. For compressive test jute composite shows higher strength as compared to bamboo composite but it is not at par with glass composites.
{"title":"Mechanical Characterizations of Natural Fiber Reinforced Composite Materials","authors":"D. Dash, S. Samanta, S. S. Gautam, M. Murlidhar","doi":"10.11127/IJAMMC.2013.02.050","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.11127/IJAMMC.2013.02.050","url":null,"abstract":"The present work consists of mechanical characterization of Natural Fiber Reinforced Composites (NFRC) consisting of epoxy resin reinforced with jute fiber and bamboo fiber. Hand lay-up technique was used for fabrication of the composite specimens. The specimens were prepared according to the ASTM D3039 and D3410 standards for tensile and compressive test respectively. Experimentation was carried out using INSTRON 8801. The results were compared with the glass/epoxy composite. The effect of fiber orientation (0 /90 , 15 /-75 , 30 /-60 , and 45 /-45 ) was analyzed and it shows that the fiber orientation of 0 /90 provides higher strength and stiffness than other fiber orientations used in this work. For compressive test jute composite shows higher strength as compared to bamboo composite but it is not at par with glass composites.","PeriodicalId":207087,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Advanced Materials Manufacturing and Characterization","volume":"71 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2013-03-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126245467","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2013-03-13DOI: 10.11127/IJAMMC.2013.02.054
P. Rao, K. Raju, V. Sreenivasulu, K. Santosh
The objective of an Air conditioning (heating, ventilating, and air-conditioning) system is to control the temperature, humidity, air movement, and air cleanliness, normally with mechanical means, to achieve thermal comfort. Centralized HVAC system installations utilize a number of separate components that are field assembled to serve the specific needs of an individual building.
{"title":"Design of Air Condition & Distribution Systems","authors":"P. Rao, K. Raju, V. Sreenivasulu, K. Santosh","doi":"10.11127/IJAMMC.2013.02.054","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.11127/IJAMMC.2013.02.054","url":null,"abstract":"The objective of an Air conditioning (heating, ventilating, and air-conditioning) system is to control the temperature, humidity, air movement, and air cleanliness, normally with mechanical means, to achieve thermal comfort. Centralized HVAC system installations utilize a number of separate components that are field assembled to serve the specific needs of an individual building.","PeriodicalId":207087,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Advanced Materials Manufacturing and Characterization","volume":"4 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2013-03-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130779087","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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