Psychiatrische Praxis最新文献

Objective: The objective of the study was to investigate whether psychological distress increased in a German community sample from Saxony during the course of the Corona pandemic.

Methods: In 2017/2018 and 2022, N=289 participants (54.7% female) of the Saxon Longitudinal Study were interviewed about their psychological well-being using questionnaires (PHQ-4, SSS-8).

Results: There is a significant increase in complaints (anxiety, depression, psychological distress, physical complaints) compared to 2017/2018 to 2022 with effect sizes in the small and medium range (Cohens d=0.26-0.62).

Conclusion: Data collection was not due to the pandemic but was routine as part of an ongoing long-term study. The Covid-19 pandemic led to an increase in psychological distress and physical complaints in a Saxonian, age-homogeneous population sample.

Background: People with mental illness are more likely to be nicotine-dependent and they have a shorter life expectancy as a result of smoking. Although guidelines recommend smoking cessation support, this is rarely provided by psychiatric staff who often view the implementation of smoke-free policies critically.

Method: We undertook inductive thematic analysis of the free-text fields of a staff survey on smoking.

Results: Feedback on the topic was often emotional and related to the areas patient care, staff and the protection of non-smokers. Participants were often concerned that smoking cessation could worsen the patient's psychiatric condition or lead to aggressive behavior.

Conclusions: There is no scientific evidence for these concerns. It is important to counteract false assumptions by providing the appropriate training on smoking cessation.

Objective: We provide an empirical survey of the current practice on involuntary psychiatric hospital admission.

Methods: Bases on clinical case records, we performed a retrospective analysis of 346 cases with an involuntary hospital admission according to public law in 2020 (21.0% of all inpatient admissions in this period).

Results: Announcement of suicide was the most frequent cause for involuntary hospital admission (45.1%). Most common diagnoses were substance-related disorders (30.1%), stress-related disorders (19.9%), and schizophrenic psychoses (18.8%). Only 12.7% of the involuntary admissions resulted in a further involuntary hospitalization, whereas 44.5% of all episodes were followed by a discharge within 24 hours.

Conclusion: In many cases, involuntary hospital admissions are reactions to suicidal crises. It will be interesting to see, if the introduction of alternative low-threshold services can help to reduce the frequency of such admissions.

Objectives: Mental illness and homelessness are often associated with each other. The study aim was to describe the care trajectories of psychiatric inpatients admitted from precarious housing or homelessness.

Methods: An anonymized data collection was performed at two psychiatric hospitals in North Rhine-Westphalia.

Results: Of 76 identified patients, every other was discharged to unsecured housing or homelessness. An unresolved housing situation delayed discharge in almost every third case. Upon discharge outpatient somatic or psychiatric treatment was not secured in more than 30%, and in more than 40% of cases, resp.

Conclusion: Improvement of the housing situation is possible in a minority of cases for psychiatric inpatients admitted from unsecured housing. The unresolved housing situation was seen as an obstacle to discharge in every third case.

Background: Studies report an association between study conditions and student health outcomes. The aim was to investigate the influence of specific study-related demands and resources on self-assessed health.

Method: Students of the Technical University of Dresden were surveyed online about their health and their studies. Referring to the Study Demands-Resources Model descriptive and regression analytic methods were applied.

Results: 1,312 students were included in the analyses. About one-fifth of participants reported low life satisfaction and high exhaustion. Time and cognitive demands were associated with poorer health, social support and time margin in studies were linked to better health. This relationship was particularly evident with a combination of high demands and low resources.

Conclusion: The results provide approaches for preventive measures to strengthen the health of students.

Objective: The COVID-19 pandemic severely affected young people, resulting in increased psychological distress and rising prevalence rates for mental disorders. There is concern that completed suicides have increased in addition to the observed increase in suicide attempts.

Method: The study is based on the police crime statistics (01/2017 to 12/2022) of three federal states in Germany, representing 13% of Germany's overall population. Suicide counts and rates for the child, teenage, adolescent, and young adult age groups were compared between the pre-pandemic and pandemic periods using chi-squared tests.

Results: 860 people under age 30 died from suicide. Suicide rates did not differ between the pre-pandemic and pandemic periods in any of the age groups studied.

Conclusion: So far, there has been no discernible increase in suicides among young Germans. Ongoing suicide monitoring is recommended.

The equality of mentally ill people with somatically ill people and the provision of community care were central topics of the Psychiatry-Enquête. With regard to medical rehabilitation services, this goal has not been implemented to date. The amendments to the Ninth Book of the Social Code (SGB IX) made by the Federal Participation Act (BTHG) again open up the possibility of making outreach medical rehabilitation services accessible to people with severe mental illnesses.

Objective: The strongest predictor of suicide attempts is a previous suicide attempt. Individuals hospitalized for suicidal ideation and behavior face an increased risk of suicide following discharge. This study investigates the extent to which outpatient treatment services are utilized the first 6 months after discharge and whether men and women differ in this regard.

Method: The study examines data of 124 individuals (with suicide attempts (lifetime), 59.7% female) on the use of outpatient treatment services in the 6 months after inpatient treatment.

Results: 37.9% (N=47) of individuals reported not having used any treatment services at all. Men were significantly less likely to make use of the services.

Conclusion: Members of a group with an increased risk of suicide, to a large extent, fail to make use of outpatient treatment services. Discharge management should increasingly focus on (gender-specific) barriers and pave the way for treatment in outpatient.