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[Predictors of Early Treatment Termination in Patients Detained under §64 StGB - A Literature Review]. [根据《刑法》第 64 条被拘留的病人早期终止治疗的预测因素--文献综述]。
IF 2.2 4区 医学 Q4 PSYCHIATRY Pub Date : 2024-03-01 Epub Date: 2024-01-02 DOI: 10.1055/a-2213-2184
Lene Scheuschner, Peggy Walde, Birgit Völlm

Background: The treatment of addicted offenders detained under § 64 of the German Criminal Code can be terminated prematurely. There is an extensive literature on predictors of such premature termination concerned with factors established before treatment.

Objective: The aim of this paper is to present predictors of premature termination that become apparent during the course of therapy.

Methods: We conducted a systematic literature search and included 16 publications.

Results: Patients and therapists rated impulsivity/aggressiveness, substance use relapses and a lack of patient-therapist relationship as negative predictors. Both groups assessed as beneficial the presence of motivation and a positive social network.

Conclusion: To prevent early treatment termination a positive patient-therapist relationship, motivation and working through incidents during therapy is essential.

背景:根据《德国刑法典》第 64 条拘留的吸毒成瘾罪犯的治疗可能会提前终止。关于提前终止治疗的预测因素,有大量文献涉及治疗前确定的因素:本文旨在介绍在治疗过程中显现的提前终止治疗的预测因素:我们进行了系统的文献检索,共收录了 16 篇文献:结果:患者和治疗师都将冲动/攻击性、药物使用复发和缺乏患者-治疗师关系评为负面预测因素。结论:为了防止治疗的过早终止,患者和治疗师都需要有一个积极的心态:要防止治疗提前终止,患者与治疗师之间的积极关系、治疗动机和治疗过程中的突发事件是必不可少的。
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引用次数: 0
[Effectiveness and Cost-Effectiveness of Individual Placement and Support (Ips) in Germany - A Controlled Trials with Individuals with Psychosis]. [德国个体安置和支持(Ips)的有效性和成本效益——精神病患者的对照试验]。
IF 2.2 4区 医学 Q4 PSYCHIATRY Pub Date : 2024-03-01 Epub Date: 2023-10-09 DOI: 10.1055/a-2165-8728
Daniel Nischk, Uwe Herwig, Simon Senner, Brigitte Rockstroh

Objective: To establish the effectiveness of Individual Placement and Support (IPS) to integrate people with mental illness into the general labor market, controlled comparisons with usual rehabilitative practice in terms of employment rates and cost-effectiveness are needed.

Methods: 20 IPS participants with psychoses (primarily schizophrenia spectrum disorders) were compared with 20 controls who were offered usual rehabilitative practices in adjacent counties (rehabilitation as usual, RAU) over 18 months.

Results: IPS was significantly superior to RAU on all job-related criteria with moderate to high effect sizes, with no differences in absenteeism, hospital days, or dropout rates. IPS was significantly superior to RAU on cost-effectiveness.

Conclusion: This study provides evidence that IPS is an effective and cost-efficient addition to existing vocational rehabilitation services for people with psychoses.

目的:为了确定个人安置和支持(IPS)将精神病患者融入普通劳动力市场的有效性,需要在就业率和成本效益方面与通常的康复实践进行对照比较。方法:将20名患有精神病(主要是精神分裂症谱系障碍)的IPS参与者与20名对照组进行比较,这些对照组在18个月内在邻近县接受了常规康复训练(照常康复,RAU)。结果:IPS在所有与工作相关的标准上都显著优于RAU,具有中等到高的效果,在缺勤率、住院天数或辍学率方面没有差异。IPS在成本效益方面显著优于RAU。结论:本研究提供了证据,证明IPS是对现有精神病患者职业康复服务的有效且成本效益高的补充。
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引用次数: 0
Eine ambulante Behandlungsweisung wäre hilfreich für die Behandlung und Deliktprävention bei Menschen mit Psychosen – Kontra. 门诊治疗令有助于精神病患者的治疗和犯罪预防 - 反对。
IF 2.2 4区 医学 Q4 PSYCHIATRY Pub Date : 2024-03-01 Epub Date: 2024-03-05 DOI: 10.1055/a-2206-4157
Thomas Bock, Gwen Schulz
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引用次数: 0
[Cantonal Differences in The Implementation of Involuntary Admission in Switzerland]. [瑞士各州在实施非自愿入院方面的差异]。
IF 2.2 4区 医学 Q4 PSYCHIATRY Pub Date : 2024-01-01 Epub Date: 2023-09-08 DOI: 10.1055/a-2133-4084
Matthias Jäger, Florian Hotzy, Rafael Traber, Stéphane Morandi, Andres Ricardo Schneeberger, Manuela Spiess, Regula Ruflin, Anastasia Theodoridou

Objective: To examine sociodemographic and clinical characteristics of persons hospitalized in five psychiatric hospitals from regions with different structural characteristics compared with persons hospitalized voluntarily.

Methods: Descriptive analyses of routine data on approximately 57000 cases of 33000 patients treated for a primary ICD-10 psychiatric diagnosis at one of the participating hospitals from 2016 to 2019.

Results: Admission rates, length of stay, rates of further coercive measures, sociodemographic and clinical characteristics of the affected persons differ between the different regions.

Conclusion: There are considerable regional differences between regulations and implementation of the admission procedures and the sample. Causal relationships between regional specifics and the results cannot be inferred.

摘要研究来自不同结构特征地区的五家精神病医院的住院患者与自愿住院患者的社会人口学和临床特征:对 2016 年至 2019 年期间在其中一家参与医院接受 ICD-10 精神病主要诊断治疗的 33000 名患者的约 57000 个病例的常规数据进行描述性分析:不同地区的入院率、住院时间、进一步强制措施的比例、患者的社会人口学和临床特征均有所不同:结论:各地区在入院程序的规定和执行以及样本方面存在很大差异。无法推断出地区特点与结果之间的因果关系。
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引用次数: 0
[Mental Health at Work]. [工作中的心理健康]
IF 1.1 4区 医学 Q4 PSYCHIATRY Pub Date : 2024-01-01 Epub Date: 2024-01-15 DOI: 10.1055/a-2197-7384
Margrit Löbner, Steffi G Riedel-Heller
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引用次数: 0
[Sometimes, I Also Drink Water… - Alcohol Consumption of People With Mild Cognitive Impairment]. [有时,我也喝水......--轻度认知障碍患者的饮酒量]。
IF 2.2 4区 医学 Q4 PSYCHIATRY Pub Date : 2024-01-01 Epub Date: 2023-09-06 DOI: 10.1055/a-2133-4268
Carolin Donath, Elmar Gräßel, Julia-Sophia Scheuermann, Sophia Bösl, Petra Scheerbaum

Aim: Risky alcohol consumption increases the risk of dementia for people with mild cognitive impairment (MCI). The aim of this study is to assess alcohol consumption in people with MCI.

Methods: Socio-demographics, 12-month prevalence, 30-d prevalence, prevalence of risky consumption (>10 g/20 g/d pure alcohol for women/men) and binge drinking (≥50 g pure alcohol on one occasion) were recorded in 270 people (≥60 years) with MCI from the German RCT "Brainfit-Nutrition" in 2022.

Results: Approximately half of the people with MCI (50.8%) drink at least once a week. About one fifth (17.0%) of participants met the criterion for binge drinking; every third woman (34.8%) and every fifth man (18.6%) crossed the line to risky consumption in the last 30 d.

Discussion: Generally, people with MCI show similar consumption prevalence as the 65+German general population. However, the prevalence of risky consumption in women with MCI is significantly higher.

目的:危险饮酒会增加轻度认知障碍(MCI)患者罹患痴呆症的风险。本研究旨在评估 MCI 患者的饮酒情况:方法:记录2022年德国RCT "Brainfit-Nutrition "研究中270名MCI患者(≥60岁)的社会人口学特征、12个月的患病率、30天的患病率、危险饮酒(女性/男性纯酒精含量>10克/20克/天)和暴饮(一次纯酒精含量≥50克)的患病率:大约一半的 MCI 患者(50.8%)每周至少饮酒一次。约五分之一的参与者(17.0%)达到了暴饮标准;三分之一的女性(34.8%)和五分之一的男性(18.6%)在过去30天内越过了危险饮酒的界限:一般来说,MCI 患者的饮酒率与 65 岁以上的德国普通人群相似。但是,MCI 女性患者的危险消费率明显更高。
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引用次数: 0
[Case Report about an Inpatient Suicide by Asphyxia without Strangulation]. [住院病人非扼死性窒息自杀的病例报告]。
IF 2.2 4区 医学 Q4 PSYCHIATRY Pub Date : 2024-01-01 Epub Date: 2023-09-06 DOI: 10.1055/a-2134-2549
Anna K Silge, Felix M Böcker

A risk of suicide in the course of a psychiatric disorder will often be answered with an admission for inpatient psychiatric treatment, resulting in a high potential of suicidal behavior on the ward. Despite extensive safety precautions and therapeutic interventions, suicides still occur within psychiatric hospitals. Such incidents, known as inpatient suicides, are rare but significant, necessitating further examination. We present the case of a 91-year-old suicidal male patient, who committed suicide on an open ward on a Sunday morning by blocking his nostrils with cotton and tissue and breathing into a pillow, leading to death by asphyxia. The case report aims to draw attention to the possibility of this extraordinary method of suicide, demonstrating that a suicide can be accomplished in a psychiatric hospital even without the use of prohibited dangerous objects.

在精神疾病的治疗过程中,如果存在自杀风险,患者往往会被收治入院接受精神疾病治疗,从而导致病房内出现自杀行为的可能性很高。尽管采取了大量的安全预防措施和治疗干预措施,但在精神病院内仍会发生自杀事件。此类事件被称为 "住院病人自杀",虽然罕见,但意义重大,需要进一步研究。我们介绍了一例 91 岁有自杀倾向的男性患者,他于周日上午在开放式病房内自杀,用棉花和纸巾堵住鼻孔,对着枕头呼吸,导致窒息死亡。本病例报告旨在提请人们注意这种特殊自杀方式的可能性,证明即使不使用违禁危险物品,也可以在精神病院内完成自杀。
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引用次数: 0
[Comparison of the Documented Dementia Diagnoses in German Primary Care with the Prevalence Estimate for 2021]. [德国初级保健中记录的痴呆症诊断与2021年患病率估计的比较]。
IF 2.2 4区 医学 Q4 PSYCHIATRY Pub Date : 2024-01-01 Epub Date: 2023-10-09 DOI: 10.1055/a-2160-2864
Jens Bohlken, Steffi G Riedel-Heller, Karel Kostev, Bernhard Michalowsky

Background: A current prevalence estimate predicted the number of people with dementia (PwD) with 1.8 million in 2021. This estimation is based on data from different sources especially from field studies and does not reflect the recognized and documented cases in primary care. We, therefore, aim to compare the prevalence of diagnosed PwD in general practitioner (GP) practices with these estimates of the general population.

Methods: The number of diagnosed PwD in 946 GP practices with 2.8 million patients in 2021 was compared with the prevalence estimate of the German Alzheimer Society for 83 million inhabitants in Germany.

Results:   Dementia diagnoses were documented less frequently in GP practices compared to the prevalence estimate (1.88% vs 2.16%), especially the age groups 80+years were less likely present in GP practices prevalence.

Discussion: There is still potential for optimizing dementia diagnostics in primary care, especially in patients 80 or older.

背景:目前的患病率估计预测,2021年痴呆症患者人数为180万。这一估计是基于不同来源的数据,特别是来自实地研究的数据,并没有反映出初级保健中公认和记录的病例。因此,我们的目的是将全科医生(GP)实践中诊断出的PwD的患病率与这些对普通人群的估计进行比较。方法:将2021年946家全科医生诊所280万名患者中确诊的PwD人数与德国阿尔茨海默病协会8300万居民的患病率估计值进行比较。结果:  与患病率估计相比(1.88%对2.16%),全科医生实践中痴呆症诊断的频率较低,尤其是80岁以上的年龄组在全科医生执业中的患病率较低。讨论:在初级保健中优化痴呆症诊断仍然有潜力,尤其是在80岁或以上的患者中。
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引用次数: 0
[The Structural Reform of The Psychotherapy Guidelines in Germany]. [德国心理治疗指南的结构改革]。
IF 2.2 4区 医学 Q4 PSYCHIATRY Pub Date : 2024-01-01 Epub Date: 2023-09-07 DOI: 10.1055/a-2112-3549
Lena Maier, Deborah Engesser, Rainer Paul, Katrin Reuter, Andrea Petermann-Meyer, Susanne Singer

Objectives: Our study investigates how psychotherapists implement and assess the newly introduced elements of the structural reform of the psychotherapy guideline in Germany.

Methods: We asked psychotherapists about their experiences with the structural reform in semi-structured interviews. The data was analysed using qualitative content analysis.

Results: A total of 37 h of audio material from 41 psychotherapists were available. The interviews showed that acute treatment and relapse prevention are welcomed by psychotherapists. However, due to lack of appointment capacity as well as conceptual barriers, these are rarely used. Concerning psychotherapeutic assessment consultations, the opinions were heterogeneous.

Conclusion: Individual aspects of the new care elements are assessed positively. However, these can only be implemented to a limited extent and are not sufficient to significantly improve the strained supply situation.

研究目的我们的研究调查了心理治疗师如何实施和评估德国心理治疗指南结构改革中新引入的内容:方法:我们通过半结构式访谈向心理治疗师了解他们在结构改革方面的经验。采用定性内容分析法对数据进行分析:共获得了 41 位心理治疗师的 37 小时音频资料。访谈显示,急性治疗和预防复发受到心理治疗师的欢迎。然而,由于缺乏预约能力以及观念上的障碍,这些方法很少被使用。关于心理治疗评估咨询,各方意见不一:结论:新护理要素的个别方面得到了积极评价。结论:新护理要素的个别方面得到了积极评价,但其实施范围有限,不足以显著改善紧张的供应状况。
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引用次数: 0
[Success Factors for the Labour Market Integration of People with Psychosocial Disabilities - A Qualitative Survey in Austrian Companies]. [社会心理残疾人融入劳动力市场的成功因素--奥地利公司定性调查]。
IF 2.2 4区 医学 Q4 PSYCHIATRY Pub Date : 2024-01-01 Epub Date: 2023-07-10 DOI: 10.1055/a-2082-6519
Dominik Gruber, Martin Böhm, Fabiola Gattringer

Objective: The study examines conditions to promote employment and workplace integration of people with psychosocial disabilities.

Method: 26 guided interviews were conducted with Austrian companies. 15 of these companies employed people with mental disabilities at the time of the interview. The remaining 11 companies did not employ anyone who had a declared mental illness.

Results: Companies that employ people with mental disabilities refer to an idealistic, social or socio-political motive for employment and have manifold supportive measures in place. Companies that do not employ people with mental disabilities express insecurities and ambivalent expectations regarding employment of people with mental disabilities.

Conclusion: Results show that it is imperative to inform companies of the possibilities and conditions of workplace integration of people with psychosocial disabilities.

研究目的方法:对奥地利公司进行了 26 次有指导的访谈。其中 15 家公司在访谈时雇用了精神残疾人士。其余 11 家公司没有雇用任何已申报的精神疾病患者:结果:雇用智障人士的公司都是出于理想、社会或社会政治动机,并采取了多种支持措施。不雇用精神残疾者的公司则对雇用精神残疾者表示出不安全感和矛盾的期望:结果表明,必须让企业了解社会心理残疾者融入工作场所的可能性和条件。
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引用次数: 0
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Psychiatrische Praxis
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