Psychiatrische Praxis最新文献

Hypochondriacal fears among medical students were already investigated before the COVID pandemic. Studies on these fears under pandemic conditions and a possible influence of specific fear of illness have not yet been conducted.We asked medical students at two points in time about symptoms of hypochondria and corona anxiety. Doctors served as the comparison group. Hypochondria was assessed using the two MSD scales, corona anxiety using a separate questionnaire.Medical students exhibited significantly more hypochondriacal anxiety at both time points. At the second time point, 35.5% of students and 25.5% of doctors reported fear of contracting the virus.The time of the study did not appear to have any influence on the prevalence of the fears investigated. The influences of the measured anxiety prevalence were shown in the fact that medical students look to their professional careers with concern.

It is unclear whether remembered psychiatry-related exchanges across the inner-German border differed from those in other societal areas. Were there differences in the confrontation with the "other" German state within vs outside psychiatry?Qualitative analysis of 20 guided cotemporary witness interviews (re 1960-1985) conducted in the Rhineland and Saxony.The former GDR interviewees outside psychiatry perceived the FRG as an important point of reference, other than reverse. East German psychiatrists were strongly oriented towards (specialist) FRG discourses. FRG psychiatrists appreciated social psychiatric reform initiatives in the GDR.Contemporary witness memories suggest differences in inner-German exchanges between the psychiatric field and other areas of society. This may be due to the shared professional-academic tradition within medicine.

Peer support is recommended for improving acute psychiatric care, but research is lacking. This qualitative study examines the impact, particularly on coercive measures, through semi-structured interviews with four peers, four patients, and twelve (non-peer) staff members from two acute psychiatric wards. Analysis shows that peers experience unique opportunities and challenges in this context. Their effects include mediating between patients and the team, normalizing daily activities on the wards, promoting social interactions, fostering understanding and trust through shared experiences, as well as instilling hope and self-efficacy. Other staff members benefit from the exchange of patient information, task delegation, increased awareness of stigmatization, and promotion of a recovery-oriented mindset. While peers do not directly influence coercive measures, they contribute to de-escalation. Specific framework conditions are necessary.

The clinical pictures of older patients with mental illnesses are often very complex, individual disorders appear less distinct, which is also confirmed in epidemiological studies. The article develops the hypothesis of a dedifferentiation of clinical pictures in old age. Deficits in executive functions in old age are discussed as a possible cause.

Aim: Different access routes to inpatient-equivalent home treatment (IEHT) were examined.

Methods: Baseline differences were examined using exploratory group comparisons, treatment effects by type of admission using regression analysis.

Results: Of 200 StäB users, 144 (72%) were admitted directly to IEHT, while 56 (28%) were transferred. Direct admissions showed a higher prevalence of affective disorders, while transfers more often had schizophrenia. There were no relevant differences in terms of treatment effects.

Conclusion: Access to IEHT treatment is used flexibly, treatment outcomes do not differ significantly. Outreach services should be designed even more flexible.

Aim of the study: This study examines the extent to which a structured implementation of guidelines for the prevention of coercion leads to an improvement in guideline-compliant work and the reduction of coercion in routine clinical practice.

Methods: This is a secondary analysis of the shift of outcomes in the PreVCo study, which was conducted on 55 psychiatric wards throughout Germany.

Results: The number of coercive measures decreased significantly during the observation period. The degree of implementation of the guidelines increased significantly. This was achieved without an increase in aggressive assaults.

Conclusion: The structured implementation of guideline-compliant work is possible in routine operations on psychiatric wards.

Aim of the study: To determine the circumstances of involuntary treatment under the German Civil Code (BGB) in psychiatric hospitals serving a catchment area.

Method: Medical directors of psychiatric hospitals in Germany, including psychiatric departments at general hospitals and university clinics, were interviewed by means of an online survey.

Results: The response rate among the N=397 institutions addressed was 43%. Coercive treatment according to the German Civil Code (BGB), which must be requested by a guardian and approved by a court, is relatively rare and mainly involves the forced administration of psychotropic drugs. 90% of the responding institutions had carried out such coercive treatment within the last five years. Involvement in involuntary treatment carried out in somatic hospitals was rarely reported. For the most part, it is not systematically recorded.

Conclusion: Taking into account the lack of data, there is a need for a national register of such intervention, including involuntary treatment in somatic hospitals.

Despite the positive effects of physical activity, people with mental illness often remain inactive. Exercise recommendations are inconsistent and challenging to follow.This study assessed exercise behavior and the need for programs during and after inpatient treatment to develop clinical recommendations.Patients from the psychiatric clinic at the University of Augsburg were recruited via flyer/QR-Code.A total of 47 patients participated in this survey. Over 70% exercise regularly, and over 70% are interested in peer-sports-groups with low-threshold conditions (e.g. no prior registration required). Strength training and moderate intensity training were favored over endurance sports.Our findings complement the World Health Organization's exercise recommendations. Strength training programs and accessible options may promote physical activity in this population.

A new instrument (PSH-7) was developed and tested in practice for the standardised assessment of psychosocial support needs in acute psychiatric care.Based on a mixed-methods approach, this instrument was tested in a cross-sectional study (N=84) using quantitative (descriptive evaluation and univariate analysis of variance) and qualitative methods (qualitative content analysis) for its suitability for practical use.The PSH-7 proved to be a suitable instrument for recording the need for help. Loneliness, lack of daily structure and unemployment are the most frequently mentioned needs for help in the context of acute psychiatric care.The study supplements the international findings on the connection between psychosocial stress factors and the maintenance of mental illness. There should be an early focus on perspective planning and the organisation of a sustainable outpatient support network.