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Introduccion a los Derivados Financieros: Relaciones Básicas, Posiciones Simples, y Algebra Matricial (An Inquiry to Financial Derivatives: Basic Relationships, Single Positions and Matrix Algebra) 金融衍生品导论:基本关系、简单头寸和矩阵代数
Pub Date : 2019-09-24 DOI: 10.2139/ssrn.3458706
Hernán Gil Forleo
Spanish Abstract: En este trabajo incorporamos los efectos de los costos de intermediación e impuestos transaccionales sobre los precios de equilibrio, el ingreso neto de fondos y las variaciones relativas de las posiciones simples de opciones de compra y venta, sean estas long o short. Definimos y caracterizamos las posiciones simples. Deducimos gráficamente la relación entre precio del subyacente y el beneficio esperado. Así como la independencia y combinación lineal en R^2. Por último, una solución general de la elasticidad precio – beneficio de cada posición.

English Abstract: In this working paper, we add the effects on brokerage fee and duties on the break-even price, the net inflow and the relative change of the single positions of Calls and Puts in long and short term. Also, we define and characterized the single positions. We deduce in graphical term the relationship between the underlying asset and the expected revenue. The linear independence is determinate using matrix algebra after the analysis in 𝑅 2 space. Finally, the elasticity between the underlying asset price and the expected profit take place.
摘要:在本文中,我们纳入了中介成本和交易税对均衡价格、基金净收入和简单买卖期权头寸(无论是多头还是空头)的相对变化的影响。我们定义和描述简单的位置。我们用图表来推导标的价格和预期利润之间的关系。以及R^2中的独立性和线性组合。最后,给出每个头寸价格-利润弹性的一般解。英文摘要:在本工作文件中,我们增加了对经纪费和费用对盈亏平衡价格、净亏损和长期和短期单仓看涨和看跌头寸的相对变化的影响。还,我们定义and the single出任中西文化。我们用图形术语推导了担保资产与预期收入之间的关系。The线性独立is determinate using matrix代数。after The analysis in𝑅2空间。最后,the elasticity between the underlying asset price and the expected profit take place。
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引用次数: 0
Using Portfolio Theory to Design Better Exams 运用投资组合理论设计更好的考试
Pub Date : 2019-08-08 DOI: 10.2139/ssrn.3434422
Ehsan Ardjmand, David L. Stowe, J. Stowe
The mathematics behind many psychometric measures is similar to the mathematics in portfolio theory. Faculty often build exams based on judgment and experience and only use psychometric tools after an exam is administered. An obvious question is, can portfolio optimization models be used to design exams with desirable psychometric outcomes and content coverage? Although underlying variables (stock returns versus exam question scores) differ fundamentally, a portfolio approach to exam development can be used. The objective functions and underlying constraints will differ, but many faculty can readily apply the principles of portfolio theory to design more optimal exams. In this paper we contrast the objectives and mechanics of portfolio and exam development and use an integer programming model to develop the optimal set of exam questions given a realistic example.
许多心理测量方法背后的数学原理与投资组合理论中的数学原理相似。教师通常根据自己的判断和经验来设计考试,只在考试结束后才使用心理测量工具。一个显而易见的问题是,是否可以使用组合优化模型来设计具有理想心理测量结果和内容覆盖的考试?尽管潜在的变量(股票收益与考试题目分数)有根本的不同,但是可以使用组合方法来开发考试。目标函数和潜在的约束条件会有所不同,但许多教师可以很容易地应用投资组合理论的原则来设计更优的考试。在本文中,我们比较了组合和考试开发的目标和机制,并使用整数规划模型来开发最优的试卷集,并给出了一个实际的例子。
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引用次数: 0
A Rookie’s Guide to the Academic Job Market in Finance: The Labor Market for Lemons 金融学术就业市场新手指南:柠檬的劳动力市场
Pub Date : 2019-08-07 DOI: 10.2139/ssrn.3433785
Alexander W. Butler, T. Crack
We first wrote and circulated our “Rookie’s Guide” paper about the academic labor market for newly minted finance PhDs twenty years ago. It passed hand-to-hand and via photocopies of photocopies sent using snail mail (or, back then, we just called it ‘mail’). Since then, much has changed in our labor market, and much has not. Logistics are easier now due to technological change. But the basic informational frictions that made it difficult for rookies to learn the ropes 20 years ago are still evident, as are the fundamental market frictions that make the bilateral matching between labor demand (hiring schools) and labor supply (the rookies) awkward and challenging. This manuscript refreshes the advice we have given in the past, adds some more specific suggestions for preparing for the intense interview process at the academic meetings, and offers a brief epilogue discussing what a rookie should do at the successful conclusion of the job market. We incorporate by reference some of the basic advice from previous guides (Butler and Crack, 2004, 2005, 2006, 2007, 2012). We begin by offering some truths for the reader to internalize. Then we use an FAQ format to impart additional information. We end with our epilogue and a list of references.
20年前,我们首次撰写并传播了《菜鸟指南》(Rookie’s Guide)论文,内容是针对刚毕业的金融博士的学术劳动力市场。它通过手与手之间的传递,或者通过用蜗牛邮件(或者,在那个时候,我们就叫它“邮件”)发送复印件。从那时起,我们的劳动力市场发生了很大变化,也有很多没有变化。由于技术变革,物流现在更容易了。但是,20年前让新人难以上手的基本信息摩擦仍然很明显,同样,让劳动力需求(招聘学校)和劳动力供给(新人)之间的双边匹配变得尴尬和具有挑战性的基本市场摩擦也很明显。这份手稿更新了我们过去给出的建议,增加了一些更具体的建议,为学术会议上激烈的面试过程做准备,并提供了一个简短的结语,讨论了一个新人在成功地结束就业市场时应该做些什么。我们参考了之前指南中的一些基本建议(Butler and Crack, 2004、2005、2006、2007、2012)。我们首先提供一些真理,让读者内化。然后我们使用FAQ格式来传递额外的信息。我们以结语和一系列参考文献结束。
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引用次数: 0
Implementation of Enterprise Risk Management 实施企业风险管理
Pub Date : 2019-07-30 DOI: 10.2139/ssrn.3429108
Ty Branch
First, the purpose of this paper is to examine the German insurance industry Enterprise Risk Management program and the relationship to corporate governance, line management, as well as, portfolio management. To use scientific research to determine the intricate details about this German insurance industry implementation process and to seek information regarding risk exposure to the environment and to investigate each component that links risk exposure to the stakeholders. To find if the board and the risk assessment officers responsible for risk control are failing at their jobs.
首先,本文的目的是研究德国保险业企业风险管理方案及其与公司治理、直线管理以及投资组合管理的关系。利用科学研究来确定德国保险业实施过程的复杂细节,并寻求有关环境风险暴露的信息,并调查将风险暴露与利益相关者联系起来的每个组成部分。调查董事会和负责风险控制的风险评估官员是否失职。
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引用次数: 1
Los Diferentes Tipos De Cash Flow (The Different Types of Cash Flow - Presentation Slides) 现金流量的不同类型(不同类型的现金流量-幻灯片)
Pub Date : 2019-07-23 DOI: 10.2139/ssrn.3425303
J. Casielles
Spanish Abstract: El cash flow operativo y el cash flow de negocio: ¿Qué es el cash flow operativo? ¿Qué es el cash flow de negocio? ¿Cuál es la relación entre el cash flow operativo y el cash flow de negocio? ¿Cuándo coinciden? ¿Cuándo el cash flow operativo es mayor que el cash flow de negocio? ¿Cuándo es inferior?
El cash flow de los accionistas: ¿Qué es el cash flow de los accionistas? ¿Qué relación hay entre el cash flow de los accionistas y el cash flow de negocio? ¿Cuándo el cash flow de los accionistas coincide con el cash flow de negocio? ¿Cuándo el cash flow de los accionistas es inferior al cash flow de negocio? ¿Cuándo el cash flow de los accionistas es superior al cash flow de negocio?
Aplicación o financiación del cash flow de negocio: Si el cash flow de negocio es positivo, ¿para qué puede utilizarse? Si el cash flow de negocio es negativo, ¿cómo se puede financiar este déficit de cash flow de negocio?
La variación de caja: ¿Cómo analizar la variación de caja de un ejercicio a otro?
El free cash flow: ¿Qué es el free cash flow? ¿Qué relación hay entre el free cash flow y el cash flow de las acciones?
Se incluyen múltiples ejercicios y preguntas de autoevaluación.

English Abstract: Operating cash flow and business cash flow: What is operating cash flow? What is business cash flow? What is the relationship between operating cash flow and business cash flow? When do they match? When is the operating cash flow greater than the business cash flow? When is it lower?

The cash flow of shareholders: What is the cash flow of shareholders? What is the relationship between shareholders' cash flow and business cash flow? When is the cash flow of shareholders equal to the business cash flow? When is the cash flow of shareholders lower than the business cash flow? When is the cash flow of shareholders higher than the business cash flow?

Application or financing of business cash flow: If business cash flow is positive, what can it be used for? If business cash flow is negative, how can this business cash flow deficit be financed?

The cash variation: How to analyze the variation of cash from one fiscal year to another?

Free cash flow: What is free cash flow? What is the relationship between free cash flow and cash flow of shareholders?

Multiple exercises and practice questions are included.

英文摘要:经营现金流和业务现金流:什么是经营现金流?什么是业务现金流?经营现金流和业务现金流之间的关系是什么?¿何时一致?什么时候经营现金流大于业务现金流?什么时候更低?股东现金流:什么是股东现金流?股东的现金流和企业的现金流之间有什么关系?股东的现金流什么时候与企业的现金流一致?什么时候股东的现金流低于企业的现金流?什么时候股东的现金流大于企业的现金流?业务现金流的应用或融资:如果业务现金流为正,它可以用于什么?如果业务现金流为负,如何为这种业务现金流赤字融资?现金变动:如何分析从一个财政年度到另一个财政年度的现金变动?自由现金流:什么是自由现金流?自由现金流和股票现金流之间的关系是什么?包括多种练习和自我评估问题。English Abstract: Operating r10 flow and business r10 flow: What is Operating r10 flow ?什么是业务现金流?经营现金流与业务现金流之间的关系是什么?他们什么时候匹配?什么时候经营现金流大于企业现金流?当它更低?股东现金流:什么是股东现金流?股东现金流和业务现金流之间的关系是什么?股东现金流什么时候等于企业现金流?什么时候股东的现金流低于企业的现金流?什么时候股东的现金流大于企业的现金流?业务现金流的应用或融资:如果业务现金流为正,可用于什么用途?如果企业现金流为负,该企业现金流赤字如何融资?现金变动:如何分析从一个财政年度到另一个财政年度的现金变动?自由现金流:什么是自由现金流?自由现金流与股东现金流之间的关系是什么?包括多项练习和练习问题。
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引用次数: 0
On the Effectiveness of Executive Education of Corporate Professionals regarding the Role and Responsibility of Group Management from a Business Law Perspective. 商法视角下企业专业人员集团管理角色与责任管理教育的有效性研究
Pub Date : 2019-07-23 DOI: 10.2139/ssrn.3424810
Louis Spoor
Business professionals should keep up with (legal) changes in their business practise and environment. This research project offers some insight in the effectiveness of executive business law education regarding the role and responsibilities of group management. Because specific law is absent on this subject, corporate professionals responsible for the design and judgement of the corporate legal structure, like management accountants and lawyers, should be aware of the risk that their view on the subject differs amongst professionals. This study investigates whether corporate professionals have different views on corporate responsibilities and liabilities, using an experimental study based on 40 observations. The case study describes a situation of emerging financial distress in a group which is led by a non-dominant parent. The study finds evidence that management accountants and lawyers differ in their fundamental view on the role of the parent company as group manager. It is important for those responsible for executive education in accounting, but also directors, accountants, controllers and regulators as well as legal advisors to be aware of the existence of these differing views as this can also help to reduce possible waste of society’s resources as a consequence of litigation.
商务人士应该跟上商业实践和环境的(法律)变化。本研究项目提供了一些关于集团管理的角色和责任的执行商业法教育的有效性的见解。由于在这个问题上没有具体的法律,负责设计和判断公司法律结构的公司专业人士,如管理会计师和律师,应该意识到他们对这个问题的看法在专业人士之间存在差异的风险。本研究采用基于40项观察的实验研究,调查企业专业人员是否对企业责任和责任有不同的看法。本案例研究描述了一个由非占主导地位的母公司领导的集团出现财务困境的情况。研究发现,有证据表明,管理会计师和律师对母公司作为集团管理者角色的基本看法存在差异。对于那些负责会计管理教育的人,以及董事、会计师、控制人、监管机构和法律顾问来说,意识到这些不同观点的存在是很重要的,因为这也有助于减少诉讼可能造成的社会资源浪费。
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引用次数: 0
A General Method for Valuing Complex Capital Structures 复杂资本结构估值的一般方法
Pub Date : 2019-07-21 DOI: 10.2139/ssrn.3366559
Paul Borochin, Y. Kopeliovich, Kevin A Shea
Abstract We develop a numerical method based on the Cox et al. (1979) binomial tree option valuation approach that can accommodate arbitrarily complex capital structures with varying debt maturities and seniorities, as well as preferred stock and warrants. The method provides straightforward valuation for common bond market features such as convertibility and prepayment options, as well as sinking fund provisions, that have proven challenging to model analytically.
我们基于Cox等人(1979)的二项树期权估值方法开发了一种数值方法,该方法可以适应任意复杂的资本结构,包括不同的债务期限和优先级,以及优先股和认股权证。该方法为常见的债券市场特征提供了直接的估值,如可兑换性和提前付款期权,以及偿债基金准备金,这些特征已被证明具有分析建模的挑战性。
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引用次数: 2
Previsiones financieras (Financial Forecasts - Presentation Slides) 财务预测(财务预测-幻灯片)
Pub Date : 2019-07-17 DOI: 10.2139/ssrn.3421714
J. Casielles
Spanish Abstract: Cómo hacer previsiones financieras cuadrando el balance con crédito bancario: ¿Cómo calculamos los activos fijos previsionales, las existencias, las cuentas por cobrar, la deuda a largo plazo, las cuentas a pagar, el patrimonio y la deuda? Efecto del crecimiento, los días operativos, % NOF y % AFN, payout y ROS. Previsiones financieras cuando las ventas no aumentan: si estamos realizando previsiones financieras y esperamos que las ventas no cambien, ¿aumentan las NOF? Si el AFN no cambia, ¿aumentará la deuda? Previsiones financieras cuando las ventas no aumentan y los días operativos cambian. Si estamos haciendo una previsión financiera y esperamos que las ventas no cambien, pero los días operativos cambian, ¿afectará esto a las NOF? ¿Afectará esto a la deuda? Previsiones financieras cuando las ventas crecen. Si esperamos que las ventas aumenten, pero los días operativos no cambien y el AFN no cambie, ¿afectará esto a la deuda? Previsiones financieras cuando las ventas y AFN aumentan: si esperamos que las ventas y AFN aumenten, ¿afectará esto a la deuda? El efecto del payout: si estamos realizando previsiones financieras para dos escenarios con payout diferentes, ¿qué escenario necesitará menos deuda? El efecto del ROS: si estamos realizando previsiones financieras para dos escenarios con ROS diferentes, ¿qué escenario necesitará menos deuda? Un atajo para hacer el balance previsional cuadrando el balance con la deuda. Introducción a la tasa de crecimiento sostenible. La tasa de crecimiento sostenible: ¿Cuál es la primera definición para la tasa de crecimiento sostenible? ¿Cómo se calcula si CAPEX = Amortizaciones? ¿Cómo se calcula si g AFN = g ventas? ¿Cuál es la segunda definición de Tasa de Crecimiento Sostenible? ¿Cómo se calcula? Cómo hacer previsiones a partir de establecer un objetivo de nivel de deuda. ¿Qué es el Cash Flow de los accionistas? Se incluyen múltiples ejercicios, un mini caso real y preguntas de autoevaluación

English Abstract: How to make forecast by balancing the balance sheet with bank credit: How do we calculate the estimated fixed assets, Inventory, receivables, cash long term debt accounts payable equity and debt? Effect of growth, the operating days, % NFO and % NFA, payout and ROS. Financial Forecasting when sales don’t grow: If we are making a financial forecasting and we expect the sales don’t change, do expected NFO increase? If NFA don’t change, will the debt increase?. Financial Forecasting when sales don’t grow and the operating days change. If we are making a financial forecasting and we expect sales don’t change but operational days change, will this affect to NFO? will this affect to debt? Financial Forecasting when sales grow. If we expect sales increase but operational days don’t change and NFA don’t change, will this affect to debt? Financial Forecasting when sales and NFA grow: If we expect sales and NFA increase, will this affect to debt? The effect of payout: If w
英文摘要:如何用银行信贷调整资产负债表进行财务预测:我们如何计算预期固定资产、股票、应收账款、长期债务、应付账款、权益和债务?增长影响,营业日,% NOF和% AFN,支付和ROS。销售不增加时的财务预测:如果我们做财务预测,预计销售不会改变,NOF会增加吗?如果AFN不改变,债务会增加吗?当销售没有增加,营业天数改变时的财务预测。如果我们做财务预测,预计销售不会变化,但工作日会变化,这是否会影响NOF?这会影响债务吗?销售增长时的财务预测。如果我们预期销售额会增加,但工作日没有变化,AFN也没有变化,这是否会影响债务?当销售和AFN增加时的财务预测:如果我们预期销售和AFN增加,这是否会影响债务?支付的影响:如果我们对两种不同支付的情况进行财务预测,哪种情况需要更少的债务?ROS效应:如果我们对两种不同ROS的情况进行财务预测,哪种情况需要更少的债务?通过将资产负债表与债务相匹配来制作预测资产负债表的捷径。介绍可持续增长率。可持续增长率:可持续增长率的第一个定义是什么?如何计算资本支出=摊销?如何计算g AFN = g销售额?可持续增长率的第二个定义是什么?它是如何计算的?如何从设定债务水平目标开始进行预测。什么是股东现金流?包括多个练习,一个迷你真实案例和自我评估问题英语摘要:如何通过平衡资产负债表与银行信贷:我们如何计算估计的固定资产,库存,应收账款,现金长期债务账户应付股权和债务?增长效应,操作天数,% NFO和% NFA,付款和ROS。当销售没有增长时的财务预测:如果我们做财务预测,并且我们预期销售没有变化,预期的NFO会增加吗?如果NFA不改变,债务会增加吗?当销售没有增长和交易日变化时的财务预测。如果我们做财务预测,预计销售没有变化,但运营天数有变化,这是否会影响NFO?这会影响债务吗?销售增长时的财务预测。如果我们预期销售额增加,但营业时间没有变化,NFA也没有变化,这是否会影响到债务?对销售和NFA增长的财务预测:如果我们预期销售和NFA增长,这是否会影响债务?付款的影响:如果我们对两种付款不同的情况(其余的情况相等)进行财务预测,哪一种情况需要较少的债务?ROS的影响:如果我们对具有不同ROS的两种情况(其余情况相等)进行财务预测,哪一种情况需要较少的债务?= =地理= =根据美国人口普查局的数据,这个县的土地和(1.0%)水。《可持续增长率导论》。可持续增长率:可持续增长率的第一个定义是什么?如果资本支出=折旧是如何计算的?= =地理= =根据美国人口普查,该镇总面积为,其中土地和(1.0%)水。可持续增长率的第二个定义是什么?它是如何计算的?如何从设定债务水平目标进行预测。什么是股东现金流?包括多项练习和练习问题。
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引用次数: 0
Illustration of the 'Professional Trader’s Paradox' “专业交易员悖论”的例证
Pub Date : 2019-07-15 DOI: 10.2139/ssrn.3420164
F. Michel
In this note I illustrate the argument of Reference relating non-ergodicity to an under-estimation of risks. Using a simple toy-model, I quantify how neglecting correlations between successive random events can lead to a false sense of confidence about the scarcity of extreme scenarios.
在本文中,我将说明参考文献中有关非遍历性与风险低估的论点。使用一个简单的玩具模型,我量化了忽略连续随机事件之间的相关性如何导致对极端情况稀缺性的错误信心。
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引用次数: 0
Propensity Score Matching with Replacement Using Weighted Least Squares: SAS Code and Macros 使用加权最小二乘的倾向评分匹配与替换:SAS代码和宏
Pub Date : 2019-07-02 DOI: 10.2139/SSRN.2964990
Steven Utke
While propensity score matching (PSM) is increasingly common in finance and accounting research (Roberts and Whited 2013; Shipman, Swanquist, and Whited 2017), coding PSM in SAS can be tedious, with limited coding resources available to researchers. This is especially true when undertaking PSM with replacement, which is preferred in many settings (Roberts and Whited 2013) and which also serves as a worthwhile robustness test (Shipman et al. 2017). In this paper, I provide comprehensive macros for PSM in SAS to significantly increase the speed of coding, with a particular focus on PSM with replacement. While this paper provides the tools for undertaking PSM, I encourage researchers to carefully consider the appropriateness of PSM for their study (e.g., King and Nielsen 2016) before using these tools.
倾向得分匹配(PSM)在金融和会计研究中越来越普遍(Roberts and white 2013;Shipman, Swanquist, and white2017),在SAS中编码PSM可能很繁琐,研究人员可用的编码资源有限。在进行带替换的PSM时尤其如此,这在许多情况下是首选的(Roberts and Whited 2013),并且也是一个有价值的稳健性测试(Shipman et al. 2017)。在本文中,我为SAS中的PSM提供了全面的宏,以显着提高编码速度,并特别关注具有替换的PSM。虽然本文提供了进行PSM的工具,但我鼓励研究人员在使用这些工具之前仔细考虑PSM是否适合他们的研究(例如,King和Nielsen 2016)。
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引用次数: 2
期刊
Finance Educator: Courses
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