Pub Date : 2025-01-01DOI: 10.1016/j.psychres.2024.116291
Antonio Lasalvia , Michelle D'agnalo Vallan , Luca Bodini , Chiara Bonetto
Healthcare professionals can be sources of stigma for people with mental illness. Ambulance personnel are often the first healthcare providers that people with mental illness encounter during physical and mental health crises and their attitudes may be influenced by misconceptions and stereotyping views. This study aimed to assess the attitudes of ambulance personnel toward people with mental illness using the Opening Minds Stigma Scale for Health Care Providers (OMS-HC) and to evaluate its psychometric properties. The study involved 510 ambulance staff members from a non-profit organization. The original factor structure of the OMS-HC, comprising three subscales was confirmed. The internal consistency for the OMS-HC total score was good (α=0.75) and acceptable for the subscales (Social Distance α=0.66; Attitudes α=0.59; Disclosure/Help-Seeking α=0.61). One-third of respondents displayed stigmatizing attitudes on half of the OMS-HC items. Higher scores were associated with being male, having lower levels of education, and working as both rescuers and ambulance drivers and with feeling uncomfortable when dealing with patients with mental illness. Overall, stigmatizing attitudes towards individuals with mental illness are prevalent among ambulance staff. The Italian version of the OMS-HC for ambulance personnel demonstrated satisfactory psychometric properties and is recommended for evaluating training programs targeting this population.
{"title":"Attitudes of ambulance service staff towards people with mental illness: A cross-sectional survey in the Verona province, Italy","authors":"Antonio Lasalvia , Michelle D'agnalo Vallan , Luca Bodini , Chiara Bonetto","doi":"10.1016/j.psychres.2024.116291","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.psychres.2024.116291","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Healthcare professionals can be sources of stigma for people with mental illness. Ambulance personnel are often the first healthcare providers that people with mental illness encounter during physical and mental health crises and their attitudes may be influenced by misconceptions and stereotyping views. This study aimed to assess the attitudes of ambulance personnel toward people with mental illness using the Opening Minds Stigma Scale for Health Care Providers (OMS-HC) and to evaluate its psychometric properties. The study involved 510 ambulance staff members from a non-profit organization. The original factor structure of the OMS-HC, comprising three subscales was confirmed. The internal consistency for the OMS-HC total score was good (α=0.75) and acceptable for the subscales (Social Distance α=0.66; Attitudes α=0.59; Disclosure/Help-Seeking α=0.61). One-third of respondents displayed stigmatizing attitudes on half of the OMS-HC items. Higher scores were associated with being male, having lower levels of education, and working as both rescuers and ambulance drivers and with feeling uncomfortable when dealing with patients with mental illness. Overall, stigmatizing attitudes towards individuals with mental illness are prevalent among ambulance staff. The Italian version of the OMS-HC for ambulance personnel demonstrated satisfactory psychometric properties and is recommended for evaluating training programs targeting this population.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":20819,"journal":{"name":"Psychiatry Research","volume":"343 ","pages":"Article 116291"},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142780740","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-01-01DOI: 10.1016/j.psychres.2024.116305
Ruth Maytles , Yoav S. Bergman , Maya Frenkel-Yosef , Amit Shrira
Holocaust survivors may be sensitive to additional traumatic events that can awaken memories of their past. The study examined Holocaust survivors' reactions to the October 7 terrorist attack. Data were collected from 118 Israeli Jewish older adults, who were divided into three groups: Survivors with high (n = 17), and with low PTSD symptom levels (n = 69) and a comparison group (n = 32), matched for background variables. Results demonstrate that survivors who reported high PTSD symptom levels due to the Holocaust reported more anxiety (p < .001, η2 = 0.13), depression (p = .006, η2 = 0.08), and PTSD symptoms due to the Israel–Hamas War (p < .001, η2 = 0.22), compared to low-PTSD-level survivors and comparisons – those not directly exposed to the Holocaust. However, there were no group differences in hope, activity engagement, and community resilience. The findings highlight the heightened distress experienced by highly traumatized Holocaust survivors following additional mass trauma, while also demonstrating their remarkable resilience.
{"title":"Psychological reactions of Holocaust survivors following the October 7 attack in Israel","authors":"Ruth Maytles , Yoav S. Bergman , Maya Frenkel-Yosef , Amit Shrira","doi":"10.1016/j.psychres.2024.116305","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.psychres.2024.116305","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Holocaust survivors may be sensitive to additional traumatic events that can awaken memories of their past. The study examined Holocaust survivors' reactions to the October 7 terrorist attack. Data were collected from 118 Israeli Jewish older adults, who were divided into three groups: Survivors with high (<em>n</em> = 17), and with low PTSD symptom levels (<em>n</em> = 69) and a comparison group (<em>n</em> = 32), matched for background variables. Results demonstrate that survivors who reported high PTSD symptom levels due to the Holocaust reported more anxiety (<em>p</em> < .001, η<sup>2</sup> = 0.13), depression (<em>p</em> = .006, η<sup>2</sup> = 0.08), and PTSD symptoms due to the Israel–Hamas War (<em>p</em> < .001, η<sup>2</sup> = 0.22), compared to low-PTSD-level survivors and comparisons – those not directly exposed to the Holocaust. However, there were no group differences in hope, activity engagement, and community resilience. The findings highlight the heightened distress experienced by highly traumatized Holocaust survivors following additional mass trauma, while also demonstrating their remarkable resilience.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":20819,"journal":{"name":"Psychiatry Research","volume":"343 ","pages":"Article 116305"},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142786924","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
High comorbidity and diagnostic overlap between autism spectrum disorder and social anxiety disorder have been documented. We examined if differences in adaptive behavior, essential for daily functioning, could differentiate these conditions among young university students. Eighty-eight autistic and 123 non-autistic undergraduates were categorized into four groups: autistic individuals: with low (n = 26)/high (n = 62) social anxiety (SA) symptoms; non-autistic: with low (n = 63)/high (n = 60) SA. The Adaptive Behavior Assessment System (ABAS) was utilized to assess three domains of adaptive skills essential for daily functioning: conceptual (academic and communication abilities), social (relationships and understanding social cues), and practical (everyday tasks such as self-care and work). Autistic students, regardless of SA level, reported ABAS scores within the low average range for the conceptual adaptive behavior domain, while non-autistic students had average scores. In terms of ABAS social adaptive behavior scores, both autistic and non-autistic groups with high levels of SA had low average scores. Conversely, those with low SA, whether autistic or non-autistic, exhibited average scores. These results were supported by the regression analyses outcomes. While autism traits and social anxiety showed medium (β=-0.37) and small (β=-0.27) effects, respectively, on conceptual adaptive scores, only social anxiety exhibited significant (medium) effects on social (β=-0.41) and practical (β=-0.34) adaptive scores. Reduced conceptual skills, previously linked to communication and executive function, may distinguish autism from social anxiety. Implications for research and practice are discussed.
{"title":"Distinguishing autism spectrum disorder and social anxiety: Exploring adaptive skills among university students.","authors":"Gil Zukerman , Sigal Tikochinsky , Gili Yahav , Ester Ben-Itzchak","doi":"10.1016/j.psychres.2024.116304","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.psychres.2024.116304","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>High comorbidity and diagnostic overlap between autism spectrum disorder and social anxiety disorder have been documented. We examined if differences in adaptive behavior, essential for daily functioning, could differentiate these conditions among young university students. Eighty-eight autistic and 123 non-autistic undergraduates were categorized into four groups: autistic individuals: with low (<em>n</em> = 26)/high (<em>n</em> = 62) social anxiety (SA) symptoms; non-autistic: with low (<em>n</em> = 63)/high (<em>n</em> = 60) SA. The Adaptive Behavior Assessment System (ABAS) was utilized to assess three domains of adaptive skills essential for daily functioning: conceptual (academic and communication abilities), social (relationships and understanding social cues), and practical (everyday tasks such as self-care and work). Autistic students, regardless of SA level, reported ABAS scores within the low average range for the conceptual adaptive behavior domain, while non-autistic students had average scores. In terms of ABAS social adaptive behavior scores, both autistic and non-autistic groups with high levels of SA had low average scores. Conversely, those with low SA, whether autistic or non-autistic, exhibited average scores. These results were supported by the regression analyses outcomes. While autism traits and social anxiety showed medium (β=-0.37) and small (β=-0.27) effects, respectively, on conceptual adaptive scores, only social anxiety exhibited significant (medium) effects on social (β=-0.41) and practical (β=-0.34) adaptive scores. Reduced conceptual skills, previously linked to communication and executive function, may distinguish autism from social anxiety. Implications for research and practice are discussed.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":20819,"journal":{"name":"Psychiatry Research","volume":"343 ","pages":"Article 116304"},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142786979","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Psychiatric diagnoses are known to increase suicide risk, but whether this risk varies across specific disorders remains unclear. Previous studies have often relied on retrospective designs or population-based databases, limiting comparability due to heterogeneous methodologies and follow-up periods.
Aims
This study aimed to compare the incidence rates of unfavorable events (suicide or suicide attempts) among high-risk patients with Major Depressive Disorder (MDD), Bipolar Disorder (BD), and Schizophrenia over a 24-month follow-up period.
Methods
This secondary analysis was conducted as part of a multicenter prospective cohort study involving 324 patients admitted to emergency departments for suicidal ideation or a recent suicide attempt. Clinical evaluations were performed at baseline and every six months to assess for unfavorable events. Additionally, Kaplan-Meier curves were estimated for each diagnosis, and Cox regression models were used to evaluate whether the diagnosis is associated with unfavorable events, adjusted for covariates such as age, history of childhood sexual abuse, and number of previous suicide attempts.
Results
The incidence rates of suicide attempts were 27,000, 20,400, and 21,100 per 100,000 person-years for patients with MDD, BD, and Schizophrenia, respectively, while suicide rates were 1,600 per 100,000 person-years across all groups. No statistically significant differences were found in the risk of unfavorable events among diagnostic groups (p = 0.653), as confirmed by Kaplan-Meier survival analysis and Cox regression models.
Conclusions
Over a 2-year follow-up, psychiatric diagnosis alone did not predict significant differences in unfavorable events rates. Comprehensive suicide risk assessments should prioritize individual risk profiles over diagnostic categories. These findings underscore the importance of integrating biopsychosocial factors in suicide prevention strategies for high-risk psychiatric populations.
{"title":"Incidence rate of suicidal behavior stratified by diagnosis among high-risk patients","authors":"Leandro Nicolás Grendas , Alejandro Olaviaga , Luciana Carla Chiapella , Federico Manuel Daray","doi":"10.1016/j.psychres.2024.116310","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.psychres.2024.116310","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Psychiatric diagnoses are known to increase suicide risk, but whether this risk varies across specific disorders remains unclear. Previous studies have often relied on retrospective designs or population-based databases, limiting comparability due to heterogeneous methodologies and follow-up periods.</div></div><div><h3>Aims</h3><div>This study aimed to compare the incidence rates of unfavorable events (suicide or suicide attempts) among high-risk patients with Major Depressive Disorder (MDD), Bipolar Disorder (BD), and Schizophrenia over a 24-month follow-up period.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>This secondary analysis was conducted as part of a multicenter prospective cohort study involving 324 patients admitted to emergency departments for suicidal ideation or a recent suicide attempt. Clinical evaluations were performed at baseline and every six months to assess for unfavorable events. Additionally, Kaplan-Meier curves were estimated for each diagnosis, and Cox regression models were used to evaluate whether the diagnosis is associated with unfavorable events, adjusted for covariates such as age, history of childhood sexual abuse, and number of previous suicide attempts.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>The incidence rates of suicide attempts were 27,000, 20,400, and 21,100 per 100,000 person-years for patients with MDD, BD, and Schizophrenia, respectively, while suicide rates were 1,600 per 100,000 person-years across all groups. No statistically significant differences were found in the risk of unfavorable events among diagnostic groups (<em>p</em> = 0.653), as confirmed by Kaplan-Meier survival analysis and Cox regression models.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>Over a 2-year follow-up, psychiatric diagnosis alone did not predict significant differences in unfavorable events rates. Comprehensive suicide risk assessments should prioritize individual risk profiles over diagnostic categories. These findings underscore the importance of integrating biopsychosocial factors in suicide prevention strategies for high-risk psychiatric populations.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":20819,"journal":{"name":"Psychiatry Research","volume":"343 ","pages":"Article 116310"},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142786998","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-01-01DOI: 10.1016/j.psychres.2024.116311
Jing Li, Siyu Chen, Xiaohua Xian, Yin Xian
Background
Insulin resistance (IR), a precursor of type 2 diabetes and other metabolic disorders, is becoming more common owing to rising obesity rates. Depression, which affects 4.4 % of the global population, has been linked to IR; however, the findings are inconsistent. The roles of moderating factors in the depression-IR relationship remain underexplored, creating a gap in the current understanding.
Methods
Data from six cycles of the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES, 2005–2016), including 6636 participants without diabetes, were analyzed. Depression was assessed using the Patient Health Questionnaire-9 (PHQ-9), with scores of 5–9 and 10–27 defined as mild and moderate-to-severe depression, respectively. IR was measured using the HOMA2-IR model, with IR defined as a value of ≥ 2.3. Weighted generalized linear models (GLMs) were used to investigate the relationship between depression and IR. Stratified analyses were used to evaluate the potential moderators.
Results
After adjusting for demographic factors and metabolic indicators, the results of GLMs analysis showed that moderate-to-severe depression significantly increased the odds of IR (OR = 1.65, 95 % CI: 1.04–2.61, p = 0.035), especially in non-Hispanic White individuals (OR = 2.64, 95 % CI: 1.39–5.00, p = 0.004). Antidepressant use also reduced this association.
Conclusion
Moderate-to-severe depression was significantly associated with IR, and race/ethnicity and antidepressant use were important moderators. These findings underscore the need for targeted interventions to address both mental and metabolic health risks in high-risk populations.
{"title":"The relationship between depression and insulin resistance in the population without diabetes: Results from the 2005–2016 NHANES","authors":"Jing Li, Siyu Chen, Xiaohua Xian, Yin Xian","doi":"10.1016/j.psychres.2024.116311","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.psychres.2024.116311","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Insulin resistance (IR), a precursor of type 2 diabetes and other metabolic disorders, is becoming more common owing to rising obesity rates. Depression, which affects 4.4 % of the global population, has been linked to IR; however, the findings are inconsistent. The roles of moderating factors in the depression-IR relationship remain underexplored, creating a gap in the current understanding.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>Data from six cycles of the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES, 2005–2016), including 6636 participants without diabetes, were analyzed. Depression was assessed using the Patient Health Questionnaire-9 (PHQ-9), with scores of 5–9 and 10–27 defined as mild and moderate-to-severe depression, respectively. IR was measured using the HOMA2-IR model, with IR defined as a value of ≥ 2.3. Weighted generalized linear models (GLMs) were used to investigate the relationship between depression and IR. Stratified analyses were used to evaluate the potential moderators.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>After adjusting for demographic factors and metabolic indicators, the results of GLMs analysis showed that moderate-to-severe depression significantly increased the odds of IR (OR = 1.65, 95 % CI: 1.04–2.61, <em>p</em> = 0.035), especially in non-Hispanic White individuals (OR = 2.64, 95 % CI: 1.39–5.00, <em>p</em> = 0.004). Antidepressant use also reduced this association.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>Moderate-to-severe depression was significantly associated with IR, and race/ethnicity and antidepressant use were important moderators. These findings underscore the need for targeted interventions to address both mental and metabolic health risks in high-risk populations.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":20819,"journal":{"name":"Psychiatry Research","volume":"343 ","pages":"Article 116311"},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142787030","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-11-28DOI: 10.1016/j.psychres.2024.116299
Manoj Kumar, Hemant Choudhary, Nishtha Chawla
{"title":"Association of antipsychotic formulations with sudden cardiac death in patients with schizophrenia: A nationwide population-based case–control study: Letter to the editor","authors":"Manoj Kumar, Hemant Choudhary, Nishtha Chawla","doi":"10.1016/j.psychres.2024.116299","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.psychres.2024.116299","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":20819,"journal":{"name":"Psychiatry Research","volume":"343 ","pages":"Article 116299"},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2024-11-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142759388","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-11-26DOI: 10.1016/j.psychres.2024.116289
Steve Kisely
{"title":"Old wine in new bottles: The Cochrane Review's lead author responds to Segal's repeated misrepresentation of our findings","authors":"Steve Kisely","doi":"10.1016/j.psychres.2024.116289","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.psychres.2024.116289","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":20819,"journal":{"name":"Psychiatry Research","volume":"343 ","pages":"Article 116289"},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2024-11-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142759387","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-11-26DOI: 10.1016/j.psychres.2024.116288
Hongyu Wang , Weili Wang , Yunheng Diao , Li Deng , Yanli Xie , Dexiang Duan , Juan Li , Xianhua Liu , Qiujing Shao , Xiaonan Wang , Zhaohui Zhang , Guimei Cui
The potential relationship between abnormal brain activity and clinical symptoms in patients with major depressive disorder (MDD) is important for auxiliary diagnosis and prediction of the curative effect of treatments for MDD. Before antidepressant treatment (T1), 4 weeks after treatment (T2), and 8 weeks after treatment (T3), 33 patients with first-episode medication-naïve MDD and 30 healthy controls (HCs) were examined using functional near-infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS) to evaluate the cerebral hemodynamic response in the frontal and temporal cortex during the Verbal Fluency Task (VFT). Compared with HCs, VFT scores and activation levels of the frontal pole, inferior frontal gyrus, and dorsolateral prefrontal cortex were significantly decreased in the first-episode medication-naïve depressive disorder patients (FMD). Compared with T2, the activation levels of the superior temporal gyrus and inferior central gyrus were increased at T3 in the FMD. The low activation pattern of the frontal pole, inferior frontal gyrus, and dorsolateral prefrontal cortex in the FMD during VFT is helpful for clinical diagnosis of MDD. The superior temporal gyrus and inferior central gyrus may be sensitive brain regions that reflect the clinical effect of MDD in patients.
{"title":"Abnormal regional brain activity in patients with first-episode medication-naïve depressive disorder: A longitudinal fNIRS study","authors":"Hongyu Wang , Weili Wang , Yunheng Diao , Li Deng , Yanli Xie , Dexiang Duan , Juan Li , Xianhua Liu , Qiujing Shao , Xiaonan Wang , Zhaohui Zhang , Guimei Cui","doi":"10.1016/j.psychres.2024.116288","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.psychres.2024.116288","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The potential relationship between abnormal brain activity and clinical symptoms in patients with major depressive disorder (MDD) is important for auxiliary diagnosis and prediction of the curative effect of treatments for MDD. Before antidepressant treatment (T1), 4 weeks after treatment (T2), and 8 weeks after treatment (T3), 33 patients with first-episode medication-naïve MDD and 30 healthy controls (HCs) were examined using functional near-infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS) to evaluate the cerebral hemodynamic response in the frontal and temporal cortex during the Verbal Fluency Task (VFT). Compared with HCs, VFT scores and activation levels of the frontal pole, inferior frontal gyrus, and dorsolateral prefrontal cortex were significantly decreased in the first-episode medication-naïve depressive disorder patients (FMD). Compared with T2, the activation levels of the superior temporal gyrus and inferior central gyrus were increased at T3 in the FMD. The low activation pattern of the frontal pole, inferior frontal gyrus, and dorsolateral prefrontal cortex in the FMD during VFT is helpful for clinical diagnosis of MDD. The superior temporal gyrus and inferior central gyrus may be sensitive brain regions that reflect the clinical effect of MDD in patients.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":20819,"journal":{"name":"Psychiatry Research","volume":"343 ","pages":"Article 116288"},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2024-11-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142759386","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-11-24DOI: 10.1016/j.psychres.2024.116274
Mie Agermose Gram , AnnaDamkjær Laksafoss , Anders Hviid
Studies on antidepressant use during pregnancy often rely on a simplified exposure classification. We introduce a novel data-driven method to identify complex antidepressant exposure patterns during pregnancy and estimates the risk of 24-hour hospitalization, congenital heart defects (CHD) and persistent pulmonary hypertension of the newborn (PPHN).
We constructed a nationwide cohort of all newborns born to women who filled at least one antidepressant prescription 24 weeks before pregnancy in Denmark during 1997–2016 using national registries. Antidepressant exposure patterns were identified by hierarchical cluster analysis based on number of antidepressants, Anatomical Therapeutic Chemical code and timing similarities. Risk ratios were estimated using the cumulative incidences in the inverse probability treatment weighted population.
The study included 33,776 newborns. Discontinuing antidepressant use during pregnancy was associated with significant decreased risk of hospitalization compared to continued exposure to Citalopram throughout pregnancy. Moreover, discontinuing monotherapy was associated with significant decreased risk of PPHN compared to continued exposure to Citalopram. No risk ratios were statistically significant for the risk of CHD.
Our study suggests a potential decreased risk of 24-hour hospitalization for any reason and PPHN if mothers discontinue antidepressant use during pregnancy as compared with continuous Citalopram use.
{"title":"Antidepressant exposure patterns during pregnancy and risk of adverse newborn outcomes","authors":"Mie Agermose Gram , AnnaDamkjær Laksafoss , Anders Hviid","doi":"10.1016/j.psychres.2024.116274","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.psychres.2024.116274","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Studies on antidepressant use during pregnancy often rely on a simplified exposure classification. We introduce a novel data-driven method to identify complex antidepressant exposure patterns during pregnancy and estimates the risk of 24-hour hospitalization, congenital heart defects (CHD) and persistent pulmonary hypertension of the newborn (PPHN).</div><div>We constructed a nationwide cohort of all newborns born to women who filled at least one antidepressant prescription 24 weeks before pregnancy in Denmark during 1997–2016 using national registries. Antidepressant exposure patterns were identified by hierarchical cluster analysis based on number of antidepressants, Anatomical Therapeutic Chemical code and timing similarities. Risk ratios were estimated using the cumulative incidences in the inverse probability treatment weighted population.</div><div>The study included 33,776 newborns. Discontinuing antidepressant use during pregnancy was associated with significant decreased risk of hospitalization compared to continued exposure to Citalopram throughout pregnancy. Moreover, discontinuing monotherapy was associated with significant decreased risk of PPHN compared to continued exposure to Citalopram. No risk ratios were statistically significant for the risk of CHD.</div><div>Our study suggests a potential decreased risk of 24-hour hospitalization for any reason and PPHN if mothers discontinue antidepressant use during pregnancy as compared with continuous Citalopram use.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":20819,"journal":{"name":"Psychiatry Research","volume":"342 ","pages":"Article 116274"},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2024-11-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142705332","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-11-23DOI: 10.1016/j.psychres.2024.116282
David C.J. Chen-Li , Rodrigo B. Mansur , Joshua D. Di Vincenzo , Noah Chisamore , Erica Kaczmarek , Roger S. McIntyre , Joshua D. Rosenblat
Suicidal ideation is a significant symptom associated with mood disorders. Ketamine is an emerging treatment with rapid and robust antidepressant and antisuicidal effects observed in clinical trial populations. Herein we assessed the real-world effectiveness of ketamine in ameliorating suicidality. A retroactive chart analysis of 96 adult TRD patients that received treatment in a private community clinic in Toronto, Ontario was conducted. Suicidality and depressive symptom outcomes were assessed with the Columbia Suicide Severity Rating Scale (C-SSRS) (self-report version) and the Quick Inventory for Depressive Symptomatology Self-Report 16-Item (QIDS-SR16) respectively. The effect of ketamine on suicidal ideation was modelled using generalized estimating equations adjusting for demographic predictors and depressive symptom severity. A mediation analysis was conducted to evaluate the contribution of the antidepressant effects of ketamine on its antisuicidal properties. Mean C-SSRS score significantly decreased following a single ketamine infusion and was indicative of a reduction in suicidality from active to passive suicidal ideation on a group level. Results of the mediation analysis indicated that the antisuicidal effects of ketamine are partially independent of its antidepressant effects. Our study supports the use of ketamine in treating suicidal ideation in a real-world setting with benefits comparable to clinical trials.
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