Psychiatry Research最新文献

Background: Belief in a just world is the conviction that the world is fundamentally fair and that people deserve to be rewarded for admirable actions and punished for unjust actions. However, these beliefs can be challenged by a traumatic event, especially bereavement by a sudden and violent death, increasing the risk for Prolonged Grief Disorder (PGD). This study examined the association between belief in a just world and PGD among family members bereaved by the September 11, 2001 terrorist attacks.

Methods: 380 bereaved family members provided responses on a cross-sectional survey that included the Inventory of Complicated Grief (ICG) and the Global Belief in a Just World (BJW). Multivariable logistic regressions were used to examine associations between endorsed BJW items and meeting threshold for PGD. An interaction between BJW and relationship type to the deceased was also evaluated.

Results: A weaker belief in a just world (as indicated by higher scores) was associated with an increased risk of meeting the threshold for PGD among bereaved parents, but not among other relationships to the deceased.

Conclusions: The death of a family member due to sudden and violent causes, especially when the decedent is a child, increases the risk for PGD. However, a stronger belief in a just world can potentially buffer against PGD. These findings highlight the need to incorporate perceptions of justice within the world as a potential therapeutic target for grief support.

We comment on the recent meta-analysis examining facial expression recognition (FER) in older adults with major depressive disorder (MDD). While the study provides an important quantitative synthesis at the intersection of socioemotional aging and depression, several interpretative and methodological issues merit clarification. First, negative standardized mean differences were interpreted in parts of the discussion as reflecting heightened sensitivity to negative emotions, although reduced accuracy in forced-choice paradigms more directly indicates impaired decoding rather than hypersensitivity. Second, substantial heterogeneity was markedly reduced only after exclusion of influential studies, raising concerns that pooled effects may be contingent on study selection and potentially reflect methodological compression. Third, meta-regression findings suggest that sample size and stimulus modality meaningfully influence effect estimates, underscoring design-related variability. Finally, cognitive status was not formally modeled as a moderator, despite its potential relevance to emotion recognition performance in late-life depression. We suggest that clearer differentiation between perceptual deficit and interpretative bias, alongside greater attention to methodological and cognitive moderators, would strengthen theoretical inference and future meta-analytic work in this domain.

Objective: Mental health in adolescents has been a growing problem in recent decades. However, comprehensive discussion of the research on the distal and proximal factors related to adolescent mental health were limited and the evidence was lacking. This study aimed to explore the result of adverse childhood experiences and biological rhythms for depressive and anxiety symptoms in adolescents.

Methods: The data used in this study were obtained from China in 2021 (as baseline) and 2023 (as follow-up). Participants provided self-reported information through an anonymous questionnaire. Logistic regression, cluster analysis, restriction cubic spline plots and receiver operating characteristic curves were used for statistical analysis.

Results: The study involved 2103 teenagers (mean age 15 years old), consisting of 1089 females and 1014 males. Multiple logistic regression results based on this subgroup showed that higher scores on either ACEs or biorhythms were associated with a greater risk of concurrent depressive-anxiety symptoms at baseline and follow-up, the adjusted ORs (95% CI) were 14.46 (7.14-29.26), 12.09 (5.83-22.08), respectively. The area under the receiver operating characteristic curve of the joint predictive effect of the ACEs and biorhythms were 0.664 for depressive symptoms, 0.656 for anxiety symptoms, and 0.667 for co-morbidity.

Conclusion: These findings emphasize the necessity of balancing past risk factors with emerging risk factors (biorhythms) in the precaution and management of adolescent depression and anxiety symptoms problems.