Psychoneuroendocrinology最新文献

{"title":"Personality moderates the predictive value of serum serotonin for antidepressant remission in depressive disorders","authors":"Jae-Min Kim ,&nbsp;Hee-Ju Kang ,&nbsp;Ju-Wan Kim,&nbsp;Min Jhon,&nbsp;Ju-Yeon Lee,&nbsp;Sung-Wan Kim,&nbsp;Il-Seon Shin","doi":"10.1016/j.psyneuen.2026.107752","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.psyneuen.2026.107752","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Blood-based biomarkers such as peripheral serotonin (5-HT) hold promise for predicting antidepressant response in depression, but findings have been inconsistent. Personality traits linked to serotonergic function may moderate this relationship. This study examined whether personality type (PT) moderates the relationship between baseline serum serotonin (s5-HT) levels and antidepressant remission at 12 weeks. In a prospective, naturalistic study, 1086 outpatients with depressive disorders received stepwise pharmacotherapy. PT was classified as resilient or vulnerable using cluster analysis of the Big Five Inventory. Baseline s5-HT was measured and analyzed as both categorical (median split) and continuous variables. Remission was defined as a Hamilton Depression Rating Scale (HAMD) score ≤ 7 at week 12. Logistic regression tested the main and interaction effects of PT and s5-HT, adjusting for covariates. No direct association was found between PT and s5-HT levels. However, higher s5-HT significantly predicted remission only in the resilient group, showing a significant PT × s5-HT interaction. These findings identify personality as a moderator of the relationship between peripheral serotonin and antidepressant response. This biopsychosocial interaction may help explain prior inconsistencies and may provide preliminary insights relevant to individualized care, pending further validation.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":20836,"journal":{"name":"Psychoneuroendocrinology","volume":"186 ","pages":"Article 107752"},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2026-01-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145963370","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Stress protection by your group – increasing group size reduces physiological stress contagion","authors":"Theresa Dorn ,&nbsp;Alisa Auer ,&nbsp;Lisa-Marie Walther ,&nbsp;Christine Sauter ,&nbsp;Elisabeth Bandle ,&nbsp;Petra H. Wirtz","doi":"10.1016/j.psyneuen.2026.107747","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.psyneuen.2026.107747","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background &amp; objectives</h3><div>Stress contagion refers to the spread of stress from one person to another. We previously established a standardized, controlled experimental paradigm to study stress contagion in humans. While stress contagion effects have been characterized on a physiological level, potential modulating factors are beginning to be understood. Using our paradigm, we tested for the first time whether the number of observers, i.e. observer group size, modulates physiological stress contagion in stress observers.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>Our experimental condition comprised three groups of stress observers varying in group sizes of two (“Group 1”, n = 30), three (“Group 2”, n = 31), or more observers (“Group 3”, n = 31), with each group observing one stressed participant. The data assessment comprised up to 5 healthy young male participants, with one participant randomly assigned to undergo an adapted version of the Trier Social Stress Test (“TSST participants”, n = 57) and the remaining participants observing him disguised as panel member(s) (“stress observers”, n = 92) in addition to one panel confederate. We repeatedly assessed salivary cortisol, salivary alpha-amylase, and heart rate.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>The TSST induced significant increases in all physiological parameters under study (<em>p</em> ´ s &lt; =.025) without reactivity differences between TSST participants of the three experimental groups (<em>p</em> ´ s &gt; =.23). When comparing the physiological reactivity to direct stress observation, the stress-observer-groups significantly differed in terms of cortisol (<em>p</em> = .029) with overall higher reactivity in smaller observer groups. Further analyses confirmed a linear effect in terms of higher reactivity with lower observer group size (<em>p</em> = .046). There were no group-by-time interactions in salivary alpha-amylase and heart rate reactivity.</div></div><div><h3>Discussion</h3><div>Our results suggest that when directly observing stress in other individuals, observer group size has a differential effect on physiological stress contagion systems. While we found evidence for modulating effects on hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis reactivity in terms of higher cortisol stress contagion reactivity with lower observer group size, observer group size did not relate to the sympathetic–adrenal–medullary axis. Potential implications remain to be elucidated.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":20836,"journal":{"name":"Psychoneuroendocrinology","volume":"186 ","pages":"Article 107747"},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2026-01-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146039020","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Mild hyperthyroidism regulates the acute stress response in virgin female rats","authors":"Flavia Judith Neira ,&nbsp;María Belén Sánchez ,&nbsp;Gisela Erika Pennacchio ,&nbsp;María Cecilia Michel Lara ,&nbsp;Mariana Elizabeth Troncoso ,&nbsp;Marta Soaje ,&nbsp;Graciela Alma Jahn ,&nbsp;Juan Pablo Mackern-Oberti ,&nbsp;Susana Ruth Valdez","doi":"10.1016/j.psyneuen.2026.107743","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.psyneuen.2026.107743","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Hyperthyroidism (HyperT) is a thyroid disorder affecting an estimated 0.2–1.3 % of the global population. The clinical implications of this pathology are significant, particularly when considering its close association with stress-related disorders that impact vulnerable populations, especially women at reproductive age. This study investigated the modulatory role of mild HyperT on the neuroendocrine stress response in virgin female Wistar rats. Two experimental groups were evaluated: a group with induced mild hyperthyroidism (HyperT) and a virgin control group (Control), each assessed under basal (non-stress) and acute stress conditions according to the corresponding experimental protocol. We evaluated the hormonal release (corticosterone and progesterone) induced by ether vapor inhalation and restraint stress in both experimental groups. Furthermore, we quantified the gene expression of receptors for glucocorticoids, progesterone, estrogen, and thyroid hormones, as well as the prolactin receptor and its downstream signaling pathway components in the medial basal hypothalamus (MBH) and hippocampus (HpC). Mild HyperT attenuates the ether stress-induced corticosterone release while responses induced by restraint stress were similar to controls. In the MBH, HyperT increased STAT5b and glucocorticoid receptor (GR) gene expression, and significantly decreased the progesterone receptor PRB/PRA ratio. In the HpC, HyperT increased the prolactin receptor (PRLR_L), STAT5b, and specific thyroid receptor isoforms (TRα2, TRβ2). Our findings demonstrate that mild hyperthyroidism differentially modulates the acute stress response depending on the stressor type, and may provide insight into the possible neurochemical mechanisms in key brain regions involved in the regulation of the stress response.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":20836,"journal":{"name":"Psychoneuroendocrinology","volume":"186 ","pages":"Article 107743"},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2026-01-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145963372","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Impact of chronic oxytocin on gaze and pupil dynamics during live dyadic interactions in children with autism","authors":"Jellina Prinsen ,&nbsp;Nicky Daniels ,&nbsp;Matthijs Moerkerke ,&nbsp;Bart Boets ,&nbsp;Kaat Alaerts","doi":"10.1016/j.psyneuen.2026.107745","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.psyneuen.2026.107745","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Reciprocal gaze, the mutual exchange of eye contact, plays a key role in human communication and bonding, yet it is often experienced as challenging for individuals with autism. In recent years, administration of the neuropeptide oxytocin is increasingly considered a novel approach for supporting social experiences in children with autism, but insights regarding its effects on mutual gaze or pupil dynamics remain limited—particularly regarding how chronic, repeated dosing impacts these processes. This double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled trial examined the effects of four weeks of chronic intranasal oxytocin administration on gaze behavior and pupil dynamics during live dyadic interactions in school-aged children with autism (aged 8–12 years, 15 oxytocin, 20 placebo). While the overall duration of fixations toward the face remained unchanged, oxytocin altered the <em>distribution</em> of gaze, resulting in a more balanced pattern of looking toward and away from the face of a live interaction partner, an effect observed only in the oxytocin group and not in the placebo group. In addition, the four-week oxytocin administration period induced a relative increase in pupil dilation, an index of sympathetic arousal and attentional engagement, with this heightened autonomic responsivity showing a moderate association with children’s self-reported feelings of secure attachment. Together, these findings indicate that repeated oxytocin administration may modulate gaze parameters in live social interactions in children with autism. While cautiously encouraging, future work will be needed to further delineate whether these changes meaningfully reflect ameliorated experience and comfort in social settings.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":20836,"journal":{"name":"Psychoneuroendocrinology","volume":"186 ","pages":"Article 107745"},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2026-01-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145981460","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Receiving caregiver support and its association with hair hormones in people living with Alzheimer’s disease: The role of caregivers’ perspective taking","authors":"Meng Huo ,&nbsp;Kyungmin Kim ,&nbsp;Casey K. Brown ,&nbsp;Megan Gilligan ,&nbsp;Wen Wang","doi":"10.1016/j.psyneuen.2026.107746","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.psyneuen.2026.107746","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Receiving support in later life is often experienced as stressful, but for people living with dementia (PLWD) support is an unavoidable necessity for daily functioning. The current study examined the association between receiving support in this unique context and PLWD’s hair cortisol, dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA), and DHEA-to-cortisol ratio, which serve as non-invasive, objective physiological measures that may reflect longer-term HPA-axis activity related to stress. Further, we explored whether caregivers’ perspective taking—their ability to understand PLWD’s thoughts and feelings—moderated associations between support receipt and hair hormones. Participants included 58 couples managing mild-to-moderate Alzheimer’s disease (<em>M</em>_age = 77.60 for PLWD; <em>M</em>_age = 75.48 for caregivers). PLWD self-reported the frequency of emotional and practical support received from their spousal caregivers. Hair samples were collected from the posterior vertex to assess cortisol and DHEA concentrations and were assayed using enzyme immunoassay (EIA) method. Caregivers reported their own perspective taking and both spouses’ demographic characteristics. Multiple regressions showed that receiving more frequent emotional support and less frequent practical support from spousal caregivers were associated with higher hair cortisol concentrations in PLWD. Yet, these associations were only evident if caregivers had greater perspective taking. In addition, caregiver perspective taking exacerbated the negative association between receiving emotional support and the DHEA-to-cortisol ratio. By using hair hormones, this study offers preliminary insights into PLWD’s stress-related physiological processes in the context of intensive caregiving. Findings refine our understanding of the benefits and costs of caregivers' perspective taking and inform caregiver interventions.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":20836,"journal":{"name":"Psychoneuroendocrinology","volume":"186 ","pages":"Article 107746"},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2026-01-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145981972","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Hair cortisol concentration and adolescent mental health: Insight from the Queensland Twin Adolescent Brain Project","authors":"Sabine Finlay ,&nbsp;Beena Suvarna ,&nbsp;Oyelola Adegboye ,&nbsp;Donna Rudd ,&nbsp;Brett McDermott ,&nbsp;Liza van Eijk ,&nbsp;Zoltan Sarnyai","doi":"10.1016/j.psyneuen.2025.107730","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.psyneuen.2025.107730","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Introduction</h3><div>Adolescence is a stress-sensitive period for neurodevelopment and mental health, with chronic stress implicated in the onset of psychological disorders. Hair cortisol concentration (HCC) serves as a non-invasive biomarker of long-term hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis activity, yet its relevance to adolescent mental health remains inconsistently characterised.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>This longitudinal study examined HCC in 302 community-dwelling adolescent twins from Brisbane, Australia, with data collected at two sessions approximately two years apart, following a standardised assessment protocol. Three cm long hair samples were analysed to quantify cumulative stress exposure over three months, and participants completed self-reported measures of depression, anxiety, daily stress, social support, and adverse childhood experiences (ACEs). Linear mixed-effects models and quantile regression were used to examine mean-level and distributional associations between HCC and psychological and environmental variables.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Average HCC decreased significantly between sessions, with no main effect of sex, twin zygosity, or pubertal stage. In males, a higher average HCC at the second session was associated with elevated general anxiety, whereas in females, a higher average HCC was linked to higher exposure to severe lifetime stress. No associations were found between average HCC and ACEs.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>These findings suggest that average HCC, reflecting cumulative cortisol secretion over the three months before each assessment, provides a stable measure of long-term cortisol in adolescents, although its associations with psychosocial stressors were limited in this cohort. Rather than functioning as a broadly sensitive biomarker of chronic stress, HCC may capture specific stress-related processes in certain subgroups, and its utility may depend on the type, timing, and chronicity of stress exposure.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":20836,"journal":{"name":"Psychoneuroendocrinology","volume":"185 ","pages":"Article 107730"},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2026-01-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145977680","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Premenstrual syndrome (PMS) symptom emergence across the cycle in relation to hormonal and psychological components in a community sample","authors":"Kathleen V. Casto ,&nbsp;Julia Stern","doi":"10.1016/j.psyneuen.2026.107742","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.psyneuen.2026.107742","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>For many individuals, the days leading up to menstruation are associated with aversive mood, behavioral, and physical symptoms, a condition known as premenstrual syndrome (PMS). Severe levels of these symptoms can lead to clinical diagnosis of premenstrual dysphoria (PMDD). Although prior research has uncovered important psychological and hormonal predictors of PMS/PMDD symptoms in clinical populations, more research is needed to understand how these factors relate in a subclinical population. A test of the menstrual timing and hormonal links to symptom experience alongside factors related to stress would be advantageous for identifying mechanistic underpinnings of symptom severity, factors that might indicate early risk for clinical diagnosis, as well as subclinical factors affecting people’s wellbeing. In a community sample of naturally cycling women (<em>N</em> = 257), we conducted within-subject analyses of PMS symptom reporting and levels of salivary progesterone and cortisol across the cycle and in relation to stress and trait neuroticism. On average, women in this study reported increased PMS symptoms in the days leading up to menstrual onset and decreased symptoms at mid cycle, a pattern that was linked to progesterone levels. Higher levels of experienced stress and trait neuroticism were also positively correlated with PMS symptoms. Yet, main effects for PMS symptom and stress timing across the cycle occurred above and beyond controlling for neuroticism. This research has implications for a broader understanding of the connection between the menstrual cycle and psycho-social experiences as well as risk for clinical psychopathology.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":20836,"journal":{"name":"Psychoneuroendocrinology","volume":"185 ","pages":"Article 107742"},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2026-01-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145978456","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Within-person associations between daily ovarian steroid levels and mood-related symptoms in ovulatory and anovulatory early adolescents","authors":"Allison Stumper ,&nbsp;Hannah Klusmann ,&nbsp;Jessica R. Peters ,&nbsp;Elizabeth H. Andersen","doi":"10.1016/j.psyneuen.2025.107740","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.psyneuen.2025.107740","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Accumulating evidence suggests some adult females experience hormone sensitivity, or neurobehavioral sensitivity to normal fluctuations in ovarian steroid hormones, across the menstrual cycle. However, this work has yet to be adequately extended to adolescent populations, despite the significant increase in risk for affective disorders among females after menarche.</div></div><div><h3>Aims</h3><div>The current study aimed to determine whether hormone sensitivity could be observed in a sample of early adolescent females by examining the within-person associations between daily levels of estrone and progesterone metabolites that are marked for urinary excretion (estrone-3glucuronide or E1G and pregnanediol glucuronide or PdG, respectively) and daily mood symptoms across one menstrual cycle.</div></div><div><h3>Method</h3><div>The current study assessed mood ratings and collected dried urine strips for analysis of E1G and PdG across one full menstrual cycle (up to 48 days) in a sample of peripubertal female adolescents aged 11–14. Within-person multilevel models, run in the full sample and separately for ovulatory cycles (N = 31) and anovulatory cycles (N = 23), evaluated the associations between E1G and PdG and mood symptoms.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>In the full sample, E1G was negatively associated with mean total symptom score ((b = −.02, 95 % CI = −0.03 – −0.002), irritability (b = −.003, 95 % CI = −0.06 – −0.001), anhedonia (b = −.03, 95 % CI = −0.05 – −0.01), concentration difficulty (b = −.03, 95 % CI = −0.05 – −0.002), and conflicts (b = −.03, 95 % CI = −0.05 – −0.004). In the ovulatory group, E1G was negatively associated with mean total symptom score (<em>b</em> = −.02, 95 % CI = −0.04 – −0.004), hopelessness (<em>b</em> = −0.02, 95 % CI = −0.04 – −0.001), rejection sensitivity (<em>b</em> = −0.03, 95 % CI = −0.06 – −0.001), irritability (<em>b</em> = −0.05, 95 % CI = −0.09 – −0.01), concentration difficulties (<em>b</em> = −0.03, 95 % CI = −0.06 – −0.01), and overwhelm (<em>b</em> = −0.03, 95 % CI = −0.06 – −0.0001). In the anovulatory group, E1G was associated only with anhedonia (<em>b</em> = −0.05, 95 % CI = −0.10 – −0.01).</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>These results demonstrate small associations between normal decreases in E1G and mood symptoms across the menstrual cycle in an adolescent sample, though these effects were largely limited to ovulatory cycles. Results highlight the importance of considering ovulation status in this population and differ from the adult literature in important ways that highlight the need for more work on how hormone sensitivity differs between adolescents and adults.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":20836,"journal":{"name":"Psychoneuroendocrinology","volume":"185 ","pages":"Article 107740"},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2025-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145918309","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Intersectionality, social stress, and biological embedding: Toward intersectional psychoneuroendocrinology","authors":"Stephanie H. Cook ,&nbsp;Aura A. Mishra","doi":"10.1016/j.psyneuen.2025.107739","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.psyneuen.2025.107739","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":20836,"journal":{"name":"Psychoneuroendocrinology","volume":"185 ","pages":"Article 107739"},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2025-12-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145926866","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The influence of glucose administration on stress reactivity and long-term memory in adult men and women","authors":"Maria Meier ,&nbsp;Christian J. Merz ,&nbsp;Tobias Rüttgens ,&nbsp;Oliver T. Wolf ,&nbsp;Jens C. Pruessner","doi":"10.1016/j.psyneuen.2025.107741","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.psyneuen.2025.107741","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Stress and the associated cortisol release have profound effects on long-term memory (LTM). While glucose increases the cortisol stress response and exhibits memory enhancing effects in non-stressful situations, the interaction of glucose and stress on LTM has rarely been studied. The aim of this study was to investigate whether the glucose-related amplification of the cortisol stress response would enhance LTM formation. Overall, <em>N</em> = 62 healthy, fasted adults (age <em>M</em> = 23.13, <em>SD</em> = 3.02; 54.84 % female) participated. They consumed a drink containing water or glucose and underwent a non-stressful control task or the Trier Social Stress Test with Objects, during which panel members interact with certain objects (central) while leaving others untouched (peripheral). At the estimated cortisol peak, they encoded a wordlist. On the next day, they retrieved the objects and the words. We repeatedly assessed subjective stress, salivary cortisol and blood glucose concentrations and recorded an electrocardiogram. Glucose increased blood glucose concentrations, and the stressor led to a significant increase in cortisol as compared with the control task. Changes in cortisol were more pronounced in the glucose as compared with the water groups. Heart rate was elevated in the glucose as compared with the water groups during the recovery. Central objects were better remembered than peripheral objects when encoded during stress. Additionally, emotional words were remembered better as compared with neutral words. These effects were not modulated by glucose. These findings suggest that emotional information is remembered better than neutral information independent of stress and glucose intake. Stress enhances LTM of stressor-relevant information and glucose intake increases the cortisol stress response. However, these factors do not appear to interact. Glucose availability may thus play a less decisive role when memorizing a stressful episode.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":20836,"journal":{"name":"Psychoneuroendocrinology","volume":"185 ","pages":"Article 107741"},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2025-12-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145878747","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}