Pub Date : 2026-06-01Epub Date: 2026-02-09DOI: 10.1016/j.radphyschem.2026.113704
Q.M. Xu , X.Z. Tang , L. Zhang , Z.Y. Hong , J. Gou , Y. Song , W. Cheng , G.X. Wang , S.Y. Liu , K.K. Ding , C.H. Zhang
Titanium dioxide (TiO2) is a very promising photoelectric material. The research on its optical properties and energy levels is of great significance. Radiation-induced luminescence has been used to study the photon-emission mechanism and its energy levels. The emission spectra from TiO2 single crystals and doped TiO2:X (Cr, Fe) ceramics induced by 479 MeV Xe29+ ion irradiation at room temperature are obtained. In the spectrum, the multi-peak Gaussian fitting results are in agreement with the calculated energy levels. In the spectra from TiO2 single crystals, the emission band at 2.24 eV from the transition of Γ5→Γ3 in the conduction band, and other bands at 1.91, 1.75, 1.64, and 1.53 eV from the energy level in the valence band, are observed. The results show that the electrons undergo cascade transitions, resulting in photon emission. The emission spectra of TiO2:X ceramics are related to the doping elements. The results indicate that the mechanism of ion radiation-induced luminescence is different from photoluminescence.
{"title":"Mechanism of photon emission from TiO2 irradiated by swift heavy ion","authors":"Q.M. Xu , X.Z. Tang , L. Zhang , Z.Y. Hong , J. Gou , Y. Song , W. Cheng , G.X. Wang , S.Y. Liu , K.K. Ding , C.H. Zhang","doi":"10.1016/j.radphyschem.2026.113704","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.radphyschem.2026.113704","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Titanium dioxide (TiO<sub>2</sub>) is a very promising photoelectric material. The research on its optical properties and energy levels is of great significance. Radiation-induced luminescence has been used to study the photon-emission mechanism and its energy levels. The emission spectra from TiO<sub>2</sub> single crystals and doped TiO<sub>2</sub>:X (Cr, Fe) ceramics induced by 479 MeV Xe<sup>29+</sup> ion irradiation at room temperature are obtained. In the spectrum, the multi-peak Gaussian fitting results are in agreement with the calculated energy levels. In the spectra from TiO<sub>2</sub> single crystals, the emission band at 2.24 eV from the transition of Γ<sub>5</sub>→Γ<sub>3</sub> in the conduction band, and other bands at 1.91, 1.75, 1.64, and 1.53 eV from the energy level in the valence band, are observed. The results show that the electrons undergo cascade transitions, resulting in photon emission. The emission spectra of TiO<sub>2</sub>:X ceramics are related to the doping elements. The results indicate that the mechanism of ion radiation-induced luminescence is different from photoluminescence.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":20861,"journal":{"name":"Radiation Physics and Chemistry","volume":"243 ","pages":"Article 113704"},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2026-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146146246","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The theory of radiation of twisted photons in elliptical multifrequency undulators is developed. It is shown that helical multifrequency undulators can be employed as a bright and versatile source of photons in the states that are superpositions of the modes with definite projection of total angular momentum (TAM), amplitude, and relative phase. All these parameters of the state are readily controlled by the undulator design. The explicit expression for the amplitude of radiation of a twisted photon from a charged particle in the multifrequency undulator is derived. The energy spectrum of radiation and the selection rules for the TAM projection of radiated photons are described. The symmetry properties of the spectrum with respect to the TAM projection are established. The interpretation to the energy spectrum and to the selection rules is given in terms of virtual photons mediating between the charged particle and the undulator. The results obtained are also applicable to radiation of twisted photons produced by ultrarelativistic charged particles moving in plane multifrequency electromagnetic waves.
{"title":"Radiation of twisted photons in elliptical multifrequency undulators","authors":"O.V. Bogdanov , S.V. Bragin , P.O. Kazinski , V.A. Ryakin","doi":"10.1016/j.radphyschem.2026.113701","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.radphyschem.2026.113701","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The theory of radiation of twisted photons in elliptical multifrequency undulators is developed. It is shown that helical multifrequency undulators can be employed as a bright and versatile source of photons in the states that are superpositions of the modes with definite projection of total angular momentum (TAM), amplitude, and relative phase. All these parameters of the state are readily controlled by the undulator design. The explicit expression for the amplitude of radiation of a twisted photon from a charged particle in the multifrequency undulator is derived. The energy spectrum of radiation and the selection rules for the TAM projection of radiated photons are described. The symmetry properties of the spectrum with respect to the TAM projection are established. The interpretation to the energy spectrum and to the selection rules is given in terms of virtual photons mediating between the charged particle and the undulator. The results obtained are also applicable to radiation of twisted photons produced by ultrarelativistic charged particles moving in plane multifrequency electromagnetic waves.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":20861,"journal":{"name":"Radiation Physics and Chemistry","volume":"243 ","pages":"Article 113701"},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2026-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146152627","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2026-06-01Epub Date: 2026-01-28DOI: 10.1016/j.radphyschem.2026.113679
Zhipeng Huo , Yidong Lu , Jie Zhang , Guoqiang Zhong
Gd2O3 nanospheres with three controlled sizes were synthesized via a homogeneous precipitation method. Both synthesized and commercial Gd2O3 fillers were employed as bifunctional neutron and gamma radiation absorbing agents to fabricate radiation shielding materials. FESEM confirmed the nanospherical morphology of synthesized Gd2O3 fillers. HRTEM and SEAD indicate that all Gd2O3 fillers are polycrystalline. HRTEM confirmed that the synthesized Gd2O3 fillers have (321), (400), and (521) exposed crystal planes, while the commercial Gd2O3 fillers have (222) exposed crystal planes, aligning with the corresponding XRD patterns. FESEM of fracture surfaces revealed a more uniform distribution of synthesized Gd2O3 nanosphere fillers within the HDPE matrix compared to the irregularly shaped commercial Gd2O3 fillers. The high specific surface area and superior dispersibility of synthesized Gd2O3 fillers enhanced the overall performance of the nanocomposite. Notably, nanocomposites containing synthesized Gd2O3-Ⅱ nanospheres with an average size of 82.6 ± 14.2 nm achieved a neutron and gamma shielding rates of 99.3 % and 73.7 %, the Σ, μ, μm, HVL are 0.239 cm−1, 0.092 cm−1, 0.076 cm2/g, 7.57 cm, correspondingly, at a thickness of 15 cm, demonstrating its potential for high-performance radiation shielding applications. This study provides a novel strategy for designing lightweight, high-performance radiation shielding materials for nuclear facilities, aerospace applications, radioactive waste conditioning and relative fields.
{"title":"Size-controlled Gd2O3 nanospheres reinforced B4C/HDPE nanocomposites for neutron and gamma-ray complex radiation shielding","authors":"Zhipeng Huo , Yidong Lu , Jie Zhang , Guoqiang Zhong","doi":"10.1016/j.radphyschem.2026.113679","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.radphyschem.2026.113679","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Gd<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub> nanospheres with three controlled sizes were synthesized via a homogeneous precipitation method. Both synthesized and commercial Gd<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub> fillers were employed as bifunctional neutron and gamma radiation absorbing agents to fabricate radiation shielding materials. FESEM confirmed the nanospherical morphology of synthesized Gd<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub> fillers. HRTEM and SEAD indicate that all Gd<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub> fillers are polycrystalline. HRTEM confirmed that the synthesized Gd<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub> fillers have (321), (400), and (521) exposed crystal planes, while the commercial Gd<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub> fillers have (222) exposed crystal planes, aligning with the corresponding XRD patterns. FESEM of fracture surfaces revealed a more uniform distribution of synthesized Gd<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub> nanosphere fillers within the HDPE matrix compared to the irregularly shaped commercial Gd<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub> fillers. The high specific surface area and superior dispersibility of synthesized Gd<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub> fillers enhanced the overall performance of the nanocomposite. Notably, nanocomposites containing synthesized Gd<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub>-Ⅱ nanospheres with an average size of 82.6 ± 14.2 nm achieved a neutron and gamma shielding rates of 99.3 % and 73.7 %, the <em>Σ</em>, <em>μ</em>, <em>μ</em><sub>m</sub>, HVL are 0.239 cm<sup>−1</sup>, 0.092 cm<sup>−1</sup>, 0.076 cm<sup>2</sup>/g, 7.57 cm, correspondingly, at a thickness of 15 cm, demonstrating its potential for high-performance radiation shielding applications. This study provides a novel strategy for designing lightweight, high-performance radiation shielding materials for nuclear facilities, aerospace applications, radioactive waste conditioning and relative fields.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":20861,"journal":{"name":"Radiation Physics and Chemistry","volume":"243 ","pages":"Article 113679"},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2026-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146072397","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2026-06-01Epub Date: 2026-02-10DOI: 10.1016/j.radphyschem.2026.113712
John Paolo L. Lazarte, Jordan F. Madrid, John Andrew A. Luna, Patrick Jay E. Cabalar
Degree of grafting is an important performance indicator when developing heavy metal adsorbents through radiation-induced graft polymerization (RIGP). In this study, artificial neural network (ANN) models were developed to predict the degree of grafting using monomer concentration, surfactant/monomer ratio, absorbed dose, dose rate, and grafting time. A total of 1820 observations from experiments on electron beam RIGP of glycidyl methacrylate (GMA) onto polypropylene nonwoven fabric (PP NWF) at 40 °C were used, 70% of which were randomly selected for training, 15% for validation, and another 15% for testing. The performance of each model was measured and compared with each other using the R value and mean squared error (MSE). Based on the R and MSE values obtained, using all the five parameters as predictors is still more effective than individually using the parameters. The optimized ANN model based on the five input parameters as predictors has an MSE value of 239.3584, which translates to 66 to 86% reduction in prediction error compared to single-parameter models. Aside from degree of grafting prediction, the ANN model provides significant insight into the relative impacts of each input parameter. The three most impactful parameters based on the optimized ANN are: monomer concentration – 29%, absorbed dose – 23%, and grafting time – 22%. Hence, developing adsorbents based on RIGP should focus on optimizing the combination of all five parameters, with strong consideration on these three parameters. Kinetic and diffusion studies are thus recommended to deepen understanding and arrive at a theoretical model for degree of grafting prediction.
{"title":"Artificial neural network optimization of radiation-induced graft polymerization for heavy metal adsorbents","authors":"John Paolo L. Lazarte, Jordan F. Madrid, John Andrew A. Luna, Patrick Jay E. Cabalar","doi":"10.1016/j.radphyschem.2026.113712","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.radphyschem.2026.113712","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Degree of grafting is an important performance indicator when developing heavy metal adsorbents through radiation-induced graft polymerization (RIGP). In this study, artificial neural network (ANN) models were developed to predict the degree of grafting using monomer concentration, surfactant/monomer ratio, absorbed dose, dose rate, and grafting time. A total of 1820 observations from experiments on electron beam RIGP of glycidyl methacrylate (GMA) onto polypropylene nonwoven fabric (PP NWF) at 40 °C were used, 70% of which were randomly selected for training, 15% for validation, and another 15% for testing. The performance of each model was measured and compared with each other using the R value and mean squared error (MSE). Based on the R and MSE values obtained, using all the five parameters as predictors is still more effective than individually using the parameters. The optimized ANN model based on the five input parameters as predictors has an MSE value of 239.3584, which translates to 66 to 86% reduction in prediction error compared to single-parameter models. Aside from degree of grafting prediction, the ANN model provides significant insight into the relative impacts of each input parameter. The three most impactful parameters based on the optimized ANN are: monomer concentration – 29%, absorbed dose – 23%, and grafting time – 22%. Hence, developing adsorbents based on RIGP should focus on optimizing the combination of all five parameters, with strong consideration on these three parameters. Kinetic and diffusion studies are thus recommended to deepen understanding and arrive at a theoretical model for degree of grafting prediction.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":20861,"journal":{"name":"Radiation Physics and Chemistry","volume":"243 ","pages":"Article 113712"},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2026-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146152629","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2026-06-01Epub Date: 2026-01-01DOI: 10.1016/j.radphyschem.2025.113586
YanBang Tang
The development of non-toxic, high-performance radiation shielding materials is critical for applications in nuclear energy and medical physics. This study focuses on the (where = 0 to 20) glass system, a promising lead-free candidate. A comprehensive dataset comprising 3066 data points for the mass attenuation coefficient (μ/ρ) across a wide energy spectrum (0.001 MeV–100,000 MeV) was systematically generated using the established XCOM photon cross-section database. To develop a predictive model for this complex, non-linear relationship, we constructed and evaluated a comprehensive suite of over 40 distinct machine learning (ML) regression algorithms. Subsequently, an advanced Automated Machine Learning (AutoML) framework, AutoGluon, was employed to perform automated model selection, hyperparameter optimization, and ensembling. The results demonstrate that tree-based ensemble models exhibit superior predictive capabilities. The final optimized AutoML model achieved better performance on an unseen test set, with a coefficient of determination (R2) of 0.9999, a root mean square error (RMSE) of 27.8791 cm2/g, and a mean absolute error (MAE) of 9.7983 cm2/g. This high-fidelity model serves as a digital twin for the glass system, enabling rapid, cost-effective prediction of shielding properties and accelerating the design and discovery of novel radiation shielding materials.
{"title":"Machine learning-driven prediction of gamma-ray shielding performance in TeO2−Bi2O3−ZnO−BaF2 glasses","authors":"YanBang Tang","doi":"10.1016/j.radphyschem.2025.113586","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.radphyschem.2025.113586","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The development of non-toxic, high-performance radiation shielding materials is critical for applications in nuclear energy and medical physics. This study focuses on the <span><math><mrow><mn>65</mn><mi>T</mi><mi>e</mi><msub><mi>O</mi><mn>2</mn></msub><mo>−</mo><mn>15</mn><mi>B</mi><msub><mi>i</mi><mn>2</mn></msub><msub><mi>O</mi><mn>3</mn></msub><mo>−</mo><mrow><mo>(</mo><mrow><mn>20</mn><mo>−</mo><mi>x</mi></mrow><mo>)</mo></mrow><mi>Z</mi><mi>n</mi><mi>O</mi><mo>−</mo><mi>x</mi><mi>B</mi><mi>a</mi><msub><mi>F</mi><mn>2</mn></msub></mrow></math></span> (where <span><math><mrow><mi>x</mi></mrow></math></span> = 0 to 20) glass system, a promising lead-free candidate. A comprehensive dataset comprising 3066 data points for the mass attenuation coefficient (μ/ρ) across a wide energy spectrum (0.001 MeV–100,000 MeV) was systematically generated using the established XCOM photon cross-section database. To develop a predictive model for this complex, non-linear relationship, we constructed and evaluated a comprehensive suite of over 40 distinct machine learning (ML) regression algorithms. Subsequently, an advanced Automated Machine Learning (AutoML) framework, AutoGluon, was employed to perform automated model selection, hyperparameter optimization, and ensembling. The results demonstrate that tree-based ensemble models exhibit superior predictive capabilities. The final optimized AutoML model achieved better performance on an unseen test set, with a coefficient of determination (R<sup>2</sup>) of 0.9999, a root mean square error (RMSE) of 27.8791 cm<sup>2</sup>/g, and a mean absolute error (MAE) of 9.7983 cm<sup>2</sup>/g. This high-fidelity model serves as a digital twin for the glass system, enabling rapid, cost-effective prediction of shielding properties and accelerating the design and discovery of novel radiation shielding materials.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":20861,"journal":{"name":"Radiation Physics and Chemistry","volume":"243 ","pages":"Article 113586"},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2026-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145894098","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2026-06-01Epub Date: 2025-12-19DOI: 10.1016/j.radphyschem.2025.113464
J.H.M. Castelo , D.C.T. Menezes , G.R. Bittencourt , L.A.R. da Rosa , D.A.B. Bonifacio
Introduction
The Avoidance Structure (AvS) tool shields a structure by maintaining the multileaf collimator leaves over the structure's projection in the beam's eye view. In this work, we tested the dosimetric impact of using part of the outlines of the heart and lungs as avoidance structure when creating knowledge-based left breast volumetric modulated arc therapy treatment plans.
Methods
Dose-volume histogram estimates were calculated using a RapidPlan model for 30 patients who received whole breast radiation therapy in five fractions. Then, two sets of plans were generated for a Halcyon v2 linear accelerator by alternating the use of the AvS tool. Dose metrics for both procedures were compared.
Results
Coverage on the target volume remained similar regardless of the use of AvS. The mean absorbed dose received by the heart, as well as the relative volumes receiving 1.5, 3.5 and 7.8 Gy, decreased with effect sizes (ESZ) 0.98, 1.43, and 0.63 respectively. Homolateral lung volumes receiving 1.5 and 3.5 Gy were also lowered using AvS. However, the dose received by 0.03 cc of the contralateral breast increased with an ESZ of 0.52.
Conclusions
Except for the contralateral breast, the AvS tool improved DVH metrics for organs at risk without compromising target coverage or worsening hotspots.
{"title":"Enhancing jawless VMAT plan quality for hypofractionated left breast cancer with the avoidance structure tool","authors":"J.H.M. Castelo , D.C.T. Menezes , G.R. Bittencourt , L.A.R. da Rosa , D.A.B. Bonifacio","doi":"10.1016/j.radphyschem.2025.113464","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.radphyschem.2025.113464","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Introduction</h3><div>The Avoidance Structure (AvS) tool shields a structure by maintaining the multileaf collimator leaves over the structure's projection in the beam's eye view. In this work, we tested the dosimetric impact of using part of the outlines of the heart and lungs as avoidance structure when creating knowledge-based left breast volumetric modulated arc therapy treatment plans.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>Dose-volume histogram estimates were calculated using a RapidPlan model for 30 patients who received whole breast radiation therapy in five fractions. Then, two sets of plans were generated for a Halcyon v2 linear accelerator by alternating the use of the AvS tool. Dose metrics for both procedures were compared.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Coverage on the target volume remained similar regardless of the use of AvS. The mean absorbed dose received by the heart, as well as the relative volumes receiving 1.5, 3.5 and 7.8 Gy, decreased with effect sizes (ESZ) 0.98, 1.43, and 0.63 respectively. Homolateral lung volumes receiving 1.5 and 3.5 Gy were also lowered using AvS. However, the dose received by 0.03 cc of the contralateral breast increased with an ESZ of 0.52.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>Except for the contralateral breast, the AvS tool improved DVH metrics for organs at risk without compromising target coverage or worsening hotspots.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":20861,"journal":{"name":"Radiation Physics and Chemistry","volume":"243 ","pages":"Article 113464"},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2026-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145784685","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2026-06-01Epub Date: 2026-02-05DOI: 10.1016/j.radphyschem.2026.113660
A.V. Ponomarev, M.M. Belova
The influence of nitric acid and hydrocarbon diluent (from n-hexane to n-pentadecane; as well as isooctane) on the radiolytic formation of phosphorus-containing products in a 30 wt% solution of tri-n-butyl phosphate (TBP) was investigated. The efficient formation of nitro and hydroxy derivatives of TBP with a simultaneous decrease in the yield of alkyl phosphonates and alkyl phosphates is the main difference between the radiolysis of acidified and acid-free solutions. In general, the composition of radiolysis products depends on the diluent. At a dose of up to 30 kGy, the presence of nitric acid in the solution increases the yield of TBP degradation from an average of 74 to 90 nmol J−1, but this yield is practically independent of the number of C atoms in the diluent molecule.
{"title":"The combined effect of nitric acid and hydrocarbon diluent on the radiolytic transformations of tributyl phosphate","authors":"A.V. Ponomarev, M.M. Belova","doi":"10.1016/j.radphyschem.2026.113660","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.radphyschem.2026.113660","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The influence of nitric acid and hydrocarbon diluent (from n-hexane to n-pentadecane; as well as isooctane) on the radiolytic formation of phosphorus-containing products in a 30 wt% solution of tri-<em>n</em>-butyl phosphate (TBP) was investigated. The efficient formation of nitro and hydroxy derivatives of TBP with a simultaneous decrease in the yield of alkyl phosphonates and alkyl phosphates is the main difference between the radiolysis of acidified and acid-free solutions. In general, the composition of radiolysis products depends on the diluent. At a dose of up to 30 kGy, the presence of nitric acid in the solution increases the yield of TBP degradation from an average of 74 to 90 nmol J<sup>−1</sup>, but this yield is practically independent of the number of C atoms in the diluent molecule.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":20861,"journal":{"name":"Radiation Physics and Chemistry","volume":"243 ","pages":"Article 113660"},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2026-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146134655","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2026-06-01Epub Date: 2026-01-22DOI: 10.1016/j.radphyschem.2026.113661
Hui-Chao Li , Dan-Dan Su , Xiao-Bin Li , Jun-Liang Guo , Feng-Chen Li , Shu-Qi Meng
In pressurized water reactors (PWRs), neutron-induced water radiolysis is a key factor in accelerating the oxidation of zirconium alloy cladding. In this study, the neutron-induced water radiolysis process from 1 keV to 5 MeV at 573 K and 15.5 MPa was simulated using the reactive force field molecular dynamics (ReaxFF-MD) method. The results show that the G-values of molecular products (H2, H2O2) decrease with increasing neutron energy, while the G-value of free radicals (•OH, H•) increase, demonstrating the linear energy transfer (LET) effect. The analysis of the microscopic mechanism reveals that low-energy primary knock-on atoms (PKAs) forms a dense track, and the G-value evolution follows a delayed-onset rapid growth pattern. Medium energy PKAs trigger a compression-rebound effect, and forms a transition track. High-energy PKAs penetrate in an inefficient energy-transfer mode with dispersed energy, and the G-value rapidly reaches the peak and then decreases. This study elucidates the intrinsic mechanism of the LET effect from the atomic scale, and provides a theoretical basis for the study of zirconium alloy oxidation and the construction of material damage model.
{"title":"Dynamics of neutron-induced water radiolysis in high-temperature, high-pressure water relevant to PWR primary coolant","authors":"Hui-Chao Li , Dan-Dan Su , Xiao-Bin Li , Jun-Liang Guo , Feng-Chen Li , Shu-Qi Meng","doi":"10.1016/j.radphyschem.2026.113661","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.radphyschem.2026.113661","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>In pressurized water reactors (PWRs), neutron-induced water radiolysis is a key factor in accelerating the oxidation of zirconium alloy cladding. In this study, the neutron-induced water radiolysis process from 1 keV to 5 MeV at 573 K and 15.5 MPa was simulated using the reactive force field molecular dynamics (ReaxFF-MD) method. The results show that the <em>G</em>-values of molecular products (H<sub>2</sub>, H<sub>2</sub>O<sub>2</sub>) decrease with increasing neutron energy, while the <em>G</em>-value of free radicals (•OH, H•) increase, demonstrating the linear energy transfer (LET) effect. The analysis of the microscopic mechanism reveals that low-energy primary knock-on atoms (PKAs) forms a dense track, and the <em>G</em>-value evolution follows a delayed-onset rapid growth pattern. Medium energy PKAs trigger a compression-rebound effect, and forms a transition track. High-energy PKAs penetrate in an inefficient energy-transfer mode with dispersed energy, and the <em>G</em>-value rapidly reaches the peak and then decreases. This study elucidates the intrinsic mechanism of the LET effect from the atomic scale, and provides a theoretical basis for the study of zirconium alloy oxidation and the construction of material damage model.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":20861,"journal":{"name":"Radiation Physics and Chemistry","volume":"243 ","pages":"Article 113661"},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2026-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146033170","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This study explores the fabrication of biodegradable bioplastics based on agar, poly(lactic acid) (PLA), and poly(butylene adipate-co-terephthalate) (PBAT), enhanced through cobalt-60 gamma irradiation to improve their mechanical, thermal, and degradation behavior. A range of irradiation doses (0–50 kGy) was applied to evaluate the effects of crosslinking and chain scission on material performance. The tensile strength showed a marked improvement, increasing from 2.72 ± 1.94 MPa (0 kGy) to 6.01 ± 0.92 MPa at 30 kGy, indicating enhanced mechanical integrity due to effective crosslinking. In parallel, water absorption decreased dramatically from 83.03% to 15.22%, reflecting a significant reduction in hydrophilicity. At higher doses, degradation processes became more prominent, as evidenced by increased melt flow rate and biodegradability. These findings demonstrate that controlled gamma irradiation is an effective approach to fine-tune the performance and environmental responsiveness of agar-based bioplastics, making them more suitable for sustainable packaging and related applications.
{"title":"Gamma irradiation-induced enhancement of agar-based bioplastics incorporating poly(lactic acid) and poly(butylene adipate-co-terephthalate)","authors":"Angelica Isabella Christian , Farah Nurlidar , Dien Puji Rahayu , Ade Lestari Yunus , Tita Puspitasari , Yudi Nugraha Thaha , Lutviasari Nuraini , Rossy Choreun Nissa , Yeyen Nurhamiyah","doi":"10.1016/j.radphyschem.2026.113673","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.radphyschem.2026.113673","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study explores the fabrication of biodegradable bioplastics based on agar, poly(lactic acid) (PLA), and poly(butylene adipate-co-terephthalate) (PBAT), enhanced through cobalt-60 gamma irradiation to improve their mechanical, thermal, and degradation behavior. A range of irradiation doses (0–50 kGy) was applied to evaluate the effects of crosslinking and chain scission on material performance. The tensile strength showed a marked improvement, increasing from 2.72 ± 1.94 MPa (0 kGy) to 6.01 ± 0.92 MPa at 30 kGy, indicating enhanced mechanical integrity due to effective crosslinking. In parallel, water absorption decreased dramatically from 83.03% to 15.22%, reflecting a significant reduction in hydrophilicity. At higher doses, degradation processes became more prominent, as evidenced by increased melt flow rate and biodegradability. These findings demonstrate that controlled gamma irradiation is an effective approach to fine-tune the performance and environmental responsiveness of agar-based bioplastics, making them more suitable for sustainable packaging and related applications.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":20861,"journal":{"name":"Radiation Physics and Chemistry","volume":"243 ","pages":"Article 113673"},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2026-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146089320","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2026-06-01Epub Date: 2026-01-20DOI: 10.1016/j.radphyschem.2026.113612
Flavie Petros , Hélène Garay , Aurélie Taguet , Belkacem Otazaghine , Rodolphe Sonnier , Nicolas Ludwig , Abbas Nasreddine , Florent Kuntz , Yves Bayon , Sophie Rouif
The global demand for sterile medical devices is increasing due to technological advancements and growing health care needs. Although Electron beam (EB) and X-ray have existed for a long time, they have been less utilized compared to other sterilization methods such as ethylene oxide and Gamma irradiation. Currently, their application is developing, offering new possibilities in response to a rapidly expanding sterilization market. This study assesses the impact of these irradiation techniques on polypropylene (PP) materials used in medical devices, focusing on their mechanical properties, structural changes, and color stability. PP is known for its sensitivity to irradiation, which makes the evaluation of its properties under different irradiation conditions particularly relevant. Three different PP grades, with varying radiotolerance claims, were exposed to controlled irradiation doses (30, 45, and 85 kGy). Analyses including electron spin resonance (ESR), rheology, tensile testing and colorimetry were carried out. They were also employed in conjunction with principal component analysis (PCA). The results allowed to evaluate irradiation-induced modification. Results indicate that Gamma irradiation induces the most significant degradation due to its low dose rate, leading to increased chain scission and oxidation effects. E-beam irradiation has the least impact, while X-ray effects are generally lower to Gamma irradiation at equivalent doses. The study highlights the importance of selecting appropriate PP formulations to ensure optimal post-irradiation performance, particularly in the context of transitioning from traditional sterilization methods to E-beam or emerging X-ray technology.
{"title":"Assessment of the impact of the irradiation process on the final properties of radiation-resistant polypropylene materials used for medical devices","authors":"Flavie Petros , Hélène Garay , Aurélie Taguet , Belkacem Otazaghine , Rodolphe Sonnier , Nicolas Ludwig , Abbas Nasreddine , Florent Kuntz , Yves Bayon , Sophie Rouif","doi":"10.1016/j.radphyschem.2026.113612","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.radphyschem.2026.113612","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The global demand for sterile medical devices is increasing due to technological advancements and growing health care needs. Although Electron beam (EB) and X-ray have existed for a long time, they have been less utilized compared to other sterilization methods such as ethylene oxide and Gamma irradiation. Currently, their application is developing, offering new possibilities in response to a rapidly expanding sterilization market. This study assesses the impact of these irradiation techniques on polypropylene (PP) materials used in medical devices, focusing on their mechanical properties, structural changes, and color stability. PP is known for its sensitivity to irradiation, which makes the evaluation of its properties under different irradiation conditions particularly relevant. Three different PP grades, with varying radiotolerance claims, were exposed to controlled irradiation doses (30, 45, and 85 kGy). Analyses including electron spin resonance (ESR), rheology, tensile testing and colorimetry were carried out. They were also employed in conjunction with principal component analysis (PCA). The results allowed to evaluate irradiation-induced modification. Results indicate that Gamma irradiation induces the most significant degradation due to its low dose rate, leading to increased chain scission and oxidation effects. E-beam irradiation has the least impact, while X-ray effects are generally lower to Gamma irradiation at equivalent doses. The study highlights the importance of selecting appropriate PP formulations to ensure optimal post-irradiation performance, particularly in the context of transitioning from traditional sterilization methods to E-beam or emerging X-ray technology.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":20861,"journal":{"name":"Radiation Physics and Chemistry","volume":"243 ","pages":"Article 113612"},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2026-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146014448","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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