Particle Induced X-ray Emission (PIXE) spectroscopy is now a mainstay in Ion Beam Analysis (IBA) and is applicable across several scientific disciplines requiring high sensitivity for detecting constituent elements in a material. While the technique is well established, the use of conventional broad-band spectrometers limits the ability for X-ray line separation for closely lying characteristic energies. The inability to separate closely lying X-ray lines using standard silicon detectors with resolution >120 eV FWHM (for Mn Kα) especially hinders quantitation in varying applications. One such limitation is the separation of Ag and Cd L-shell X-ray lines, the extraction of which is often needed for accurate concentration measurements. While this limitation may be circumvented by using higher proton energies (>15 MeV) for Ag and Cd K-shell excitation, accurate computation may still be constrained by the lack of X-ray production cross section data, as cross sections predicted by theory are only widely validated up to 3 MeV. The present work demonstrates a simultaneous use of high-resolution and standard PIXE spectroscopy using 2 MeV proton beams for the measurement of relative Ag and Cd L-shell concentration ratios, along with the use of multivariate analysis of PIXE spectral images. Ag and Cd concentration ratios analysed using GUPIXWIN for standard PIXE and a Wavelength Dispersive X-ray Spectrometer (WDX) are compared and discussed.
{"title":"Analysis of Cd and Ag clusters by concurrent standard and high-resolution micro-PIXE spectroscopy","authors":"Iva Božičević Mihalić, Anja Mioković, Masedi Carington Masekane, Stjepko Fazinić","doi":"10.1016/j.radphyschem.2024.112480","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.radphyschem.2024.112480","url":null,"abstract":"Particle Induced X-ray Emission (PIXE) spectroscopy is now a mainstay in Ion Beam Analysis (IBA) and is applicable across several scientific disciplines requiring high sensitivity for detecting constituent elements in a material. While the technique is well established, the use of conventional broad-band spectrometers limits the ability for X-ray line separation for closely lying characteristic energies. The inability to separate closely lying X-ray lines using standard silicon detectors with resolution >120 eV FWHM (for Mn Kα) especially hinders quantitation in varying applications. One such limitation is the separation of Ag and Cd L-shell X-ray lines, the extraction of which is often needed for accurate concentration measurements. While this limitation may be circumvented by using higher proton energies (>15 MeV) for Ag and Cd K-shell excitation, accurate computation may still be constrained by the lack of X-ray production cross section data, as cross sections predicted by theory are only widely validated up to 3 MeV. The present work demonstrates a simultaneous use of high-resolution and standard PIXE spectroscopy using 2 MeV proton beams for the measurement of relative Ag and Cd L-shell concentration ratios, along with the use of multivariate analysis of PIXE spectral images. Ag and Cd concentration ratios analysed using GUPIXWIN for standard PIXE and a Wavelength Dispersive X-ray Spectrometer (WDX) are compared and discussed.","PeriodicalId":20861,"journal":{"name":"Radiation Physics and Chemistry","volume":"52 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2024-12-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142867717","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI)-guided proton therapy has advanced significantly in pre-clinical stages. This study investigates the potential of multifunctional theranostic magnetic nanoparticles (MNPs) to enhance radiation dose while serving as MRI contrast agents. We propose MNP@Au nanoparticles, consisting of a magnetic core coated with a gold (Au) layer, and aim to optimize the Au layer thickness to maximize dose enhancement during proton therapy while preserving magnetic properties.
{"title":"Optimization of the gold layer in multifunctional theranostic core-shell magnetic nanoparticles (MNP@Au) for radiation dose enhancement in an MRI-guided proton therapy system: A Monte Carlo simulation","authors":"Mohammadreza Parishan, Rasool Safari, Maryam Bordbar, Zahra Rakeb, Reza Faghihi","doi":"10.1016/j.radphyschem.2024.112477","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.radphyschem.2024.112477","url":null,"abstract":"Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI)-guided proton therapy has advanced significantly in pre-clinical stages. This study investigates the potential of multifunctional theranostic magnetic nanoparticles (MNPs) to enhance radiation dose while serving as MRI contrast agents. We propose MNP@Au nanoparticles, consisting of a magnetic core coated with a gold (Au) layer, and aim to optimize the Au layer thickness to maximize dose enhancement during proton therapy while preserving magnetic properties.","PeriodicalId":20861,"journal":{"name":"Radiation Physics and Chemistry","volume":"33 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2024-12-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142867722","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-12-15DOI: 10.1016/j.radphyschem.2024.112451
Pham Thi Cam Lai, Vo Hong Hai, Nguyen Tri Toan Phuc
Monte Carlo simulations using the Geant4 toolkit are widely used in proton therapy to predict the dose distribution and secondary particle production. The choice of physics models used in the simulation can greatly affect the accuracy of the results. However, general hadronic models in Geant4 are not specifically tuned for medical physics regions and available experimental data are still limited. In this study, we investigated three different Geant4 hadronic physics models: BIC, BERT, and INCL++, by calculating the yields and kinematical distribution of the secondary neutron, gamma, and positron emitters as well as their incident energy dependence. The simulations were performed for a water phantom irradiated with 70 – 250 MeV proton beams. Our analysis revealed significant differences in the yields, angular, and energy distributions of emitted secondary particles between the three models. We also found a systematic underestimation of yields for the positron emitter 11C in the recent version 10.7 of Geant4. Overall, our study highlights the importance of carefully selecting a hadronic physics model for Geant4 simulations in proton therapy. Our findings also emphasize the need for a specifically tuned Geant4 hadronic model for proton therapy applications in order to consistently reproduce a wide range of important observables. More experimental data for proton-induced reactions in human tissue are critically needed to constrain and validate the suitable physics models for proton therapy simulation.
{"title":"Impacts of Geant4 hadronic physics models on secondary particle productions in proton therapy simulations","authors":"Pham Thi Cam Lai, Vo Hong Hai, Nguyen Tri Toan Phuc","doi":"10.1016/j.radphyschem.2024.112451","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.radphyschem.2024.112451","url":null,"abstract":"Monte Carlo simulations using the Geant4 toolkit are widely used in proton therapy to predict the dose distribution and secondary particle production. The choice of physics models used in the simulation can greatly affect the accuracy of the results. However, general hadronic models in Geant4 are not specifically tuned for medical physics regions and available experimental data are still limited. In this study, we investigated three different Geant4 hadronic physics models: BIC, BERT, and INCL++, by calculating the yields and kinematical distribution of the secondary neutron, gamma, and positron emitters as well as their incident energy dependence. The simulations were performed for a water phantom irradiated with 70 – 250 MeV proton beams. Our analysis revealed significant differences in the yields, angular, and energy distributions of emitted secondary particles between the three models. We also found a systematic underestimation of yields for the positron emitter <ce:sup loc=\"pre\">11</ce:sup>C in the recent version 10.7 of Geant4. Overall, our study highlights the importance of carefully selecting a hadronic physics model for Geant4 simulations in proton therapy. Our findings also emphasize the need for a specifically tuned Geant4 hadronic model for proton therapy applications in order to consistently reproduce a wide range of important observables. More experimental data for proton-induced reactions in human tissue are critically needed to constrain and validate the suitable physics models for proton therapy simulation.","PeriodicalId":20861,"journal":{"name":"Radiation Physics and Chemistry","volume":"26 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2024-12-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142889199","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-12-15DOI: 10.1016/j.radphyschem.2024.112475
M.I. Sayyed, Yasser Maghrbi
A series of glasses with the chemical composition 15BaO–10Na2O–5Al2O3-(70-x)B2O3-xCaO, (x = 5, 10, 15 and 20 mol%) was prepared, and their radiation shielding characteristics were studied. The prepared glasses' basic attenuation factors were estimated using Phy-X program, utilizing the Eu-152 source. With the photon energy increasing from 0.122 to 1.458 MeV, a notable linear attenuation coefficient (LAC) decrease is reported. The LAC findings showed that the optimal photon shielding occurs low energy range, with LAC values at 0.122 MeV ranging from 1.334 to 1.431 cm−1 for compositions with x = 5 to x = 20 mol%, respectively. The results of the effective atomic number (Zeff) revealed an increase in the CaO content in the present glasses to cause an enhancement in the Zeff, with a noticeable increase in the Zeff from x = 5% to x = 20%, illustrating the impact of compositional changes on the material's shielding efficiency. Moreover, the prepared samples' half-value layer (HVL) was calculated for the energies emitted from Eu-152 source. The results demonstrated a reduction in the HVL with the addition of more CaO content, suggesting that increased glass density results in decreased HVL.
{"title":"Studying the impact of CaO on the radiation-shielding properties of BaO–Na2O–Al2O3–B2O3–CaO glasses using Eu-152 energy source","authors":"M.I. Sayyed, Yasser Maghrbi","doi":"10.1016/j.radphyschem.2024.112475","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.radphyschem.2024.112475","url":null,"abstract":"A series of glasses with the chemical composition 15BaO–10Na<ce:inf loc=\"post\">2</ce:inf>O–5Al<ce:inf loc=\"post\">2</ce:inf>O<ce:inf loc=\"post\">3</ce:inf>-(70-x)B<ce:inf loc=\"post\">2</ce:inf>O<ce:inf loc=\"post\">3</ce:inf>-xCaO, (x = 5, 10, 15 and 20 mol%) was prepared, and their radiation shielding characteristics were studied. The prepared glasses' basic attenuation factors were estimated using Phy-X program, utilizing the Eu-152 source. With the photon energy increasing from 0.122 to 1.458 MeV, a notable linear attenuation coefficient (LAC) decrease is reported. The LAC findings showed that the optimal photon shielding occurs low energy range, with LAC values at 0.122 MeV ranging from 1.334 to 1.431 cm<ce:sup loc=\"post\">−1</ce:sup> for compositions with x = 5 to x = 20 mol%, respectively. The results of the effective atomic number (Z<ce:inf loc=\"post\">eff</ce:inf>) revealed an increase in the CaO content in the present glasses to cause an enhancement in the Z<ce:inf loc=\"post\">eff</ce:inf>, with a noticeable increase in the Z<ce:inf loc=\"post\">eff</ce:inf> from x = 5% to x = 20%, illustrating the impact of compositional changes on the material's shielding efficiency. Moreover, the prepared samples' half-value layer (HVL) was calculated for the energies emitted from Eu-152 source. The results demonstrated a reduction in the HVL with the addition of more CaO content, suggesting that increased glass density results in decreased HVL.","PeriodicalId":20861,"journal":{"name":"Radiation Physics and Chemistry","volume":"66 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2024-12-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142867721","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-12-15DOI: 10.1016/j.radphyschem.2024.112473
Ayşenur Genç, Ece Ergun, Alper Fitoz, Ömer Kantoğlu, Mahir İnce, Orhan Acar
Degradation of ibuprofen, triclosan, diclofenac, and ketoprofen in real wastewater effluent by gamma radiation/hydrogen peroxide was investigated on the basis of removal efficiencies, G-values, and kinetics. Gamma irradiation was performed using a60Co source irradiator in the presence of different concentrations of hydrogen peroxide. The analyses of the pollutants were performed before and after irradiation treatment using a Liquid Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry (LC-MS) system. The addition of 0.5% hydrogen peroxide resulted in an enhanced removal efficiency of the target pollutants (93.92% for ibuprofen, 99.47% for triclosan, 86.65% for diclofenac, and 86.32% for ketoprofen) compared with the performance of the gamma irradiation process alone. The rate constants (k) of ibuprofen, triclosan, diclofenac, and ketoprofen increased by 1.42, 2.38, 1.38, and 3.37 times with 0.5% hydrogen peroxide addition, respectively. Moreover, the 90% decomposition of the target pollutants was achieved at lower doses in the gamma-ray/hydrogen peroxide system in comparison with the gamma treatment without hydrogen peroxide. Fukui functions and dual descriptor were calculated using density functional theory (DFT) to investigate the sensitivity of the target pollutants to hydroxyl radical attacks, to identify the initial reaction pathway, and to predict the degradation by-products. The findings were consistent with literature mechanisms and observed by-products.
{"title":"Experimental and theoretical assessment of selected pollutants treated with gamma radiation and hydrogen peroxide","authors":"Ayşenur Genç, Ece Ergun, Alper Fitoz, Ömer Kantoğlu, Mahir İnce, Orhan Acar","doi":"10.1016/j.radphyschem.2024.112473","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.radphyschem.2024.112473","url":null,"abstract":"Degradation of ibuprofen, triclosan, diclofenac, and ketoprofen in real wastewater effluent by gamma radiation/hydrogen peroxide was investigated on the basis of removal efficiencies, G-values, and kinetics. Gamma irradiation was performed using a<ce:sup loc=\"post\">60</ce:sup>Co source irradiator in the presence of different concentrations of hydrogen peroxide. The analyses of the pollutants were performed before and after irradiation treatment using a Liquid Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry (LC-MS) system. The addition of 0.5% hydrogen peroxide resulted in an enhanced removal efficiency of the target pollutants (93.92% for ibuprofen, 99.47% for triclosan, 86.65% for diclofenac, and 86.32% for ketoprofen) compared with the performance of the gamma irradiation process alone. The rate constants (k) of ibuprofen, triclosan, diclofenac, and ketoprofen increased by 1.42, 2.38, 1.38, and 3.37 times with 0.5% hydrogen peroxide addition, respectively. Moreover, the 90% decomposition of the target pollutants was achieved at lower doses in the gamma-ray/hydrogen peroxide system in comparison with the gamma treatment without hydrogen peroxide. Fukui functions and dual descriptor were calculated using density functional theory (DFT) to investigate the sensitivity of the target pollutants to hydroxyl radical attacks, to identify the initial reaction pathway, and to predict the degradation by-products. The findings were consistent with literature mechanisms and observed by-products.","PeriodicalId":20861,"journal":{"name":"Radiation Physics and Chemistry","volume":"26 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2024-12-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142867715","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-12-15DOI: 10.1016/j.radphyschem.2024.112478
Reihan Nejatipour, Mehrdad Dadsetani
Focusing on the excitonic effects, the present study deals with the sulfur K and L2,3 edge spectra of Janus zirconium and hafnium dichalcogenide monolayers and compares with those of the pristine zirconium and hafnium disulfide monolayers and bulks. The changes in the edge spectra are attributed to the changes in the crystal structure, symmetry, and electronic nature of studied dichalcogenides. The phase transition changes the sulfur K and L2,3 edge X-ray absorption near edge structure (XANES), decreasing the relative spectral intensities and shifting the main peaks to higher energies. Considering the electron-hole coupling reproduces the bound excitonic features and redistributes the oscillator strengths near the edge onsets.
本研究以激子效应为重点，讨论了 Janus 锆和铪二卤化物单层的硫 K 和 L2,3 边缘光谱，并将其与原始的二硫化锆和二硫化铪单层和块体的光谱进行了比较。边缘光谱的变化归因于所研究的二卤化锆和二卤化铪晶体结构、对称性和电子性质的变化。相变改变了硫 K 和 L2,3 边缘的 X 射线吸收近边缘结构（XANES），降低了相对光谱强度，并将主峰转移到了更高的能量上。考虑到电子-空穴耦合再现了束缚激子特征，并重新分配了边缘起始点附近的振荡器强度。
{"title":"Core level spectroscopy of Janus zirconium and hafnium dichalcogenide monolayers at the sulfur K and L2,3 edges, including the excitonic effects","authors":"Reihan Nejatipour, Mehrdad Dadsetani","doi":"10.1016/j.radphyschem.2024.112478","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.radphyschem.2024.112478","url":null,"abstract":"Focusing on the excitonic effects, the present study deals with the sulfur K and L<ce:inf loc=\"post\">2,3</ce:inf> edge spectra of Janus zirconium and hafnium dichalcogenide monolayers and compares with those of the pristine zirconium and hafnium disulfide monolayers and bulks. The changes in the edge spectra are attributed to the changes in the crystal structure, symmetry, and electronic nature of studied dichalcogenides. The phase transition changes the sulfur K and L<ce:inf loc=\"post\">2,3</ce:inf> edge X-ray absorption near edge structure (XANES), decreasing the relative spectral intensities and shifting the main peaks to higher energies. Considering the electron-hole coupling reproduces the bound excitonic features and redistributes the oscillator strengths near the edge onsets.","PeriodicalId":20861,"journal":{"name":"Radiation Physics and Chemistry","volume":"41 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2024-12-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142867716","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-12-12DOI: 10.1016/j.radphyschem.2024.112431
Marek Zmeškal, Michal Košt’ál, Ondřej Lebeda, Václav Zach, Radomír Běhal, Tomáš Czakoj, Jan Šimon, Evžen Novák, Zdeněk Matěj
The production of fluorine-18 represents a strong source of neutrons. Its characteristics are of interest for the community and for further applications. The neutron spectra of secondary neutrons from the reactions of protons on a 18O-enriched water target were acquired at ten different angles with stilbene scintillation spectrometry. The absolute neutron yield from the same target was measured using the manganese bath technique and found to be 2.15×1010/μC. The obtained neutron spectrum and angle-dependent yield are presented. Comparison of the experimental data with simulations revealed only limited agreement. JENDL-5 shows the best agreement for the neutron spectra in forward angles, while TENDL-2021 gives the best prediction of the absolute angle-dependent neutron yield.
{"title":"Measurement of secondary neutron spectra and the total yield from 18O(p,xn) reaction","authors":"Marek Zmeškal, Michal Košt’ál, Ondřej Lebeda, Václav Zach, Radomír Běhal, Tomáš Czakoj, Jan Šimon, Evžen Novák, Zdeněk Matěj","doi":"10.1016/j.radphyschem.2024.112431","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.radphyschem.2024.112431","url":null,"abstract":"The production of fluorine-18 represents a strong source of neutrons. Its characteristics are of interest for the community and for further applications. The neutron spectra of secondary neutrons from the reactions of protons on a <ce:sup loc=\"post\">18</ce:sup>O-enriched water target were acquired at ten different angles with stilbene scintillation spectrometry. The absolute neutron yield from the same target was measured using the manganese bath technique and found to be <mml:math altimg=\"si1.svg\" display=\"inline\"><mml:mrow><mml:mn>2</mml:mn><mml:mo>.</mml:mo><mml:mn>15</mml:mn><mml:mo linebreak=\"goodbreak\" linebreakstyle=\"after\">×</mml:mo><mml:mn>1</mml:mn><mml:msup><mml:mrow><mml:mn>0</mml:mn></mml:mrow><mml:mrow><mml:mn>10</mml:mn></mml:mrow></mml:msup></mml:mrow></mml:math>/<mml:math altimg=\"si2.svg\" display=\"inline\"><mml:mi mathvariant=\"normal\">μ</mml:mi></mml:math>C. The obtained neutron spectrum and angle-dependent yield are presented. Comparison of the experimental data with simulations revealed only limited agreement. JENDL-5 shows the best agreement for the neutron spectra in forward angles, while TENDL-2021 gives the best prediction of the absolute angle-dependent neutron yield.","PeriodicalId":20861,"journal":{"name":"Radiation Physics and Chemistry","volume":"252 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2024-12-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142825387","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-12-12DOI: 10.1016/j.radphyschem.2024.112471
Khalid Hani Abushahla, Halil Arslan
The increasing demand for effective radiation shielding materials in different sectors, including medical, nuclear, and industrial applications, has promoted exploring new approaches for optimizing material properties. Mixed alkali glasses, such as those containing B2O3, SiO2, CaO and ZnO, offer a combination of protective and transparent properties, making them promising candidates for radiation shielding. Recent advances in machine learning (ML) have accelerated the development and evaluation of these materials. This study utilizes ML techniques to predict the mass attenuation coefficients (MAC) of mixed alkali glasses across a photon energy range of 0.015 MeV–15 MeV. A comprehensive dataset generated using XCOM served as the basis for training and validating several ML models, including Linear Regression, Ridge Regression, Lasso Regression, Support Vector Regression, Random Forest Regression, K-Nearest Neighbors, Multi-Layer Perceptron, and a customized Neural Network (NN). Among these models, Random Forest Regression ended as the most accurate, achieving an R-squared value of 0.99958 and demonstrating minimal error (MAE: 0.01481, MSE: 0.00561, RMSE: 0.07493), indicating its superior ability to capture the complex relationships between glass composition, energy levels, and radiation attenuation properties. While other models like MLP and NN performed decently, they lagged behind the Random Forest model. The results highlight machine learning's potential to advance radiation shielding by providing reliable models for material design and parameter calculations like MAC, offering faster, more efficient alternatives to conventional tools like Monte Carlo simulations.
{"title":"Prediction of mass attenuation coefficients in mixed alkali and borosilicate glasses using machine learning approaches","authors":"Khalid Hani Abushahla, Halil Arslan","doi":"10.1016/j.radphyschem.2024.112471","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.radphyschem.2024.112471","url":null,"abstract":"The increasing demand for effective radiation shielding materials in different sectors, including medical, nuclear, and industrial applications, has promoted exploring new approaches for optimizing material properties. Mixed alkali glasses, such as those containing B2O3, SiO2, CaO and ZnO, offer a combination of protective and transparent properties, making them promising candidates for radiation shielding. Recent advances in machine learning (ML) have accelerated the development and evaluation of these materials. This study utilizes ML techniques to predict the mass attenuation coefficients (MAC) of mixed alkali glasses across a photon energy range of 0.015 MeV–15 MeV. A comprehensive dataset generated using XCOM served as the basis for training and validating several ML models, including Linear Regression, Ridge Regression, Lasso Regression, Support Vector Regression, Random Forest Regression, K-Nearest Neighbors, Multi-Layer Perceptron, and a customized Neural Network (NN). Among these models, Random Forest Regression ended as the most accurate, achieving an R-squared value of 0.99958 and demonstrating minimal error (MAE: 0.01481, MSE: 0.00561, RMSE: 0.07493), indicating its superior ability to capture the complex relationships between glass composition, energy levels, and radiation attenuation properties. While other models like MLP and NN performed decently, they lagged behind the Random Forest model. The results highlight machine learning's potential to advance radiation shielding by providing reliable models for material design and parameter calculations like MAC, offering faster, more efficient alternatives to conventional tools like Monte Carlo simulations.","PeriodicalId":20861,"journal":{"name":"Radiation Physics and Chemistry","volume":"63 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2024-12-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142823105","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
In present work, the degradation of a steroid androgen, androstenedione (AD) in aqueous solution was investigated using both gamma ray and thermal activation persulfate (PS) processes. Gamma irradiation effectively degraded AD and the addition of PS synergistically improved the effect. The AD concentration decreased with increasing absorbed dose and PS dosage. The rate constant of AD degradation was 4.92/kGy for γ-irradiation alone, increasing by 1.23–1.55 times with PS dosages of 10–30 mg/L. AD exhibited a high thermal stability, and heat activated PS efficient for its degradation. The apparent activation energy for AD degradation was determined to be 98.0 kJ/mol. Oxidation by OH is the major mechanism to degrade AD, while SO4– also play a role in both processes. Both methods were also effective to removed AD from groundwater and fermentation residues, providing a promising option for steroid androgen removal from wastewater and solid wastes.
{"title":"Degradation of steroid androgen in aqueous solution using ionizing radiation and thermal activation persulfate processes","authors":"Libing Chu, Wenjuan Yin, Aishajiang Dierxiati, Liping Dong, Qijun Chen","doi":"10.1016/j.radphyschem.2024.112472","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.radphyschem.2024.112472","url":null,"abstract":"In present work, the degradation of a steroid androgen, androstenedione (AD) in aqueous solution was investigated using both gamma ray and thermal activation persulfate (PS) processes. Gamma irradiation effectively degraded AD and the addition of PS synergistically improved the effect. The AD concentration decreased with increasing absorbed dose and PS dosage. The rate constant of AD degradation was 4.92/kGy for γ-irradiation alone, increasing by 1.23–1.55 times with PS dosages of 10–30 mg/L. AD exhibited a high thermal stability, and heat activated PS efficient for its degradation. The apparent activation energy for AD degradation was determined to be 98.0 kJ/mol. Oxidation by <ce:glyph name=\"rad\"></ce:glyph>OH is the major mechanism to degrade AD, while SO<ce:inf loc=\"post\">4</ce:inf><ce:glyph name=\"rad\"></ce:glyph><ce:sup loc=\"post\">–</ce:sup> also play a role in both processes. Both methods were also effective to removed AD from groundwater and fermentation residues, providing a promising option for steroid androgen removal from wastewater and solid wastes.","PeriodicalId":20861,"journal":{"name":"Radiation Physics and Chemistry","volume":"119 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2024-12-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142867725","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This study investigates the potential of activated charcoal derived from coconut shells as a sustainable material for absorbing and storing charges collected from scatter radiation, enabling the development of supercapacitors for green energy generation. As a byproduct of agriculture, coconut shells are presented here as an inexpensive, abundant, and innovative green resource for producing high-surface-area activated carbon, which is well-suited for high-performance supercapacitor electrodes. This approach supports one of the United Nations Sustainable Development Goals by offering a cost-effective, reliable, and sustainable solution for existing energy technologies. The production of activated carbon from biomass involves carbonization and activation processes using a one-step integrated microwave pyrolysis system followed by a vacuum furnace. Electrochemical tests indicated that the capacitive performance of the coconut shell-based activated charcoal electrode (CSAC electrode) improved significantly after irradiation, as compared to before, with specific capacitance values of 62.63 F g−1 and 6.655 F g−1, respectively. After irradiation, activated carbon derived from coconut shells absorbed additional charges from scatter radiation, retaining its strong capacitive performance at 62.63 F g−1. An increase in the irradiation time of the CSAC electrode leads to a greater voltage, longer duration for brightness, and extended time for discharge. This signifies that the irradiated electrode is more efficient in accumulating charges than its non-irradiated counterpart. These results indicate that the supercapacitor developed in this work is capable of capturing charges from both primary and scatter radiation and, hence, can be particularly suited for use in high-performance supercapacitors where scatter radiation is prominent, as in radiology and radiotherapy centers.
{"title":"Harnessing scatter radiation for sustainable energy: Coconut shell-based activated carbon electrodes for high-performance supercapacitors in radiology applications","authors":"Venkatraman Pitchaikannu, Lalit Mohan Aggarwal, Sunil Choudhary","doi":"10.1016/j.radphyschem.2024.112470","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.radphyschem.2024.112470","url":null,"abstract":"This study investigates the potential of activated charcoal derived from coconut shells as a sustainable material for absorbing and storing charges collected from scatter radiation, enabling the development of supercapacitors for green energy generation. As a byproduct of agriculture, coconut shells are presented here as an inexpensive, abundant, and innovative green resource for producing high-surface-area activated carbon, which is well-suited for high-performance supercapacitor electrodes. This approach supports one of the United Nations Sustainable Development Goals by offering a cost-effective, reliable, and sustainable solution for existing energy technologies. The production of activated carbon from biomass involves carbonization and activation processes using a one-step integrated microwave pyrolysis system followed by a vacuum furnace. Electrochemical tests indicated that the capacitive performance of the coconut shell-based activated charcoal electrode (CSAC electrode) improved significantly after irradiation, as compared to before, with specific capacitance values of 62.63 F g<ce:sup loc=\"post\">−1</ce:sup> and 6.655 F g<ce:sup loc=\"post\">−1</ce:sup>, respectively. After irradiation, activated carbon derived from coconut shells absorbed additional charges from scatter radiation, retaining its strong capacitive performance at 62.63 F g<ce:sup loc=\"post\">−1</ce:sup>. An increase in the irradiation time of the CSAC electrode leads to a greater voltage, longer duration for brightness, and extended time for discharge. This signifies that the irradiated electrode is more efficient in accumulating charges than its non-irradiated counterpart. These results indicate that the supercapacitor developed in this work is capable of capturing charges from both primary and scatter radiation and, hence, can be particularly suited for use in high-performance supercapacitors where scatter radiation is prominent, as in radiology and radiotherapy centers.","PeriodicalId":20861,"journal":{"name":"Radiation Physics and Chemistry","volume":"10 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2024-12-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142823106","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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