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Dosimetric saturation effect study and correction calculation method of ionization chamber at ultra-high dose rate (FLASH) 超高剂量率电离室(FLASH)的剂量饱和效应研究和修正计算方法
IF 2.8 3区 物理与天体物理 Q3 CHEMISTRY, PHYSICAL Pub Date : 2024-10-22 DOI: 10.1016/j.radphyschem.2024.112344
Xinle Lang , Zhenguo Hu , Min Li , Kai Tang , Juan Li , Faming Luo , Zhiguo Xu , Ruishi Mao , Chuan Huang , Jiali Fu , Zulong Zhao , Guoqing Xiao

Background

and Purpose: FLASH radiotherapy has aroused strong interest among researchers, but how to monitor dose in real time and lack of generally accepted ion correction model are one of the challenges. This study is based on previous research work, the dosimetric verification of FLASH ionization chamber was performed using a 200 keV electron beam irradiation platform at an ultra-high dose rate. At the same time, the finite element program is written to analyze and calculate the ion correction factor. In addition, the results are compared with the calculation results of Boag model.

Methods

In this study, the pressure of the sensitive volume in the detector was adjusted to 16 mbar for the purpose of dosimetry of dose rates in excess of 100 Gy/s. In order to monitor the response of the detector, the beam frequency and pulse width were adjusted accordingly. However, due to the saturation effect of the ionization chamber, the processes of electron ion pair drift, attachment, recombination and diffusion in the sensitive volume were modelled on the basis of the relevant physical principles. Finally, the correction factor was calculated by the finite element analysis.

Results

The experimental results demonstrate that the FLASH ionization chamber is capable of meeting the requirements of dose measurement and beam monitoring of the electron beam at ultra-high dose rates. Furthermore, the analytical model is able to more accurately describe the saturation effect and calculate the correction factor.

Conclusion

In this paper, the method of reducing air pressure is employed for the purpose of monitoring the dose of ultra-high dose rate. Simultaneously, the finite element method was employed to analyze the physical process of electron–ion pairs within the chamber and to calculate the ion correction factor analytically. A comparison with the Boag model indicates that the proposed approach is effective. However, the results exhibit a certain degree of divergence from experimental outcomes. This discrepancy may be attributed to the influence of the input parameters, which require further calibration to enhance the accuracy and the robustness of the model.
背景与目的:FLASH放射治疗引起了研究人员的强烈兴趣,但如何实时监测剂量以及缺乏公认的离子校正模型是难题之一。本研究在前期研究工作的基础上,利用 200 keV 电子束辐照平台在超高剂量率下对 FLASH 电离室进行了剂量学验证。同时,编写了有限元程序来分析和计算离子校正因子。方法在这项研究中,为了对超过 100 Gy/s 的剂量率进行剂量测定,探测器中敏感容积的压力被调整为 16 mbar。为了监测探测器的反应,光束频率和脉冲宽度也做了相应的调整。然而,由于电离室的饱和效应,电子离子对的漂移、附着、重组和在敏感体积内的扩散过程都是根据相关的物理原理模拟的。实验结果表明,FLASH 电离室能够满足超高剂量率下的剂量测量和电子束监测要求。结论本文采用减小气压的方法来监测超高剂量率的剂量。同时,采用有限元法分析了腔体内电子-离子对的物理过程,并对离子校正因子进行了分析计算。与 Boag 模型的比较表明,所提出的方法是有效的。然而,计算结果与实验结果存在一定程度的偏差。这种差异可能是由于输入参数的影响,需要进一步校准以提高模型的准确性和稳健性。
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引用次数: 0
Unveiling the shielding potential: Exploring photon and neutron attenuation in a novel lead-free XCr2Se4 chalcogenide Spinals alloys with MCNP 4C code 揭示屏蔽潜力:利用 MCNP 4C 代码探索新型无铅 XCr2Se4 卤化物 Spinals 合金的光子和中子衰减特性
IF 2.8 3区 物理与天体物理 Q3 CHEMISTRY, PHYSICAL Pub Date : 2024-10-21 DOI: 10.1016/j.radphyschem.2024.112337
Emad A.M. Farrag , M. Kh. Hamad , A.M. Ali , A.M. Abdelmonem , Hussein Al-Taani
The study covers shielding properties of three promising lead-free XCr2Se4 alloys, where X represents Mn, Cu, or Ag, across a spectrum of energies between 0.02 MeV and 15 MeV. MCNP4C was employed to simulate the mass attenuation coefficient (MAC) for the three selected alloys. After being prepared using the conventional solid-state reaction method, the samples displayed densities ranging from 5.45 g cm−3to 6.22 g cm−3. The simulated results obtained from the MCNP4C are then benchmarked with data obtained using different software such as Phy-X, Py-MLBUF, EPIXS, and GRASP. Upon comparing the acquired results with the Phy-X data, a notable correlation was observed with a relative difference ranging from 0.11% to 8.57%. The accuracy of the simulated data was additionally validated through the Kolmogorov-Smirnov test. From the simulated MAC, different ionizing radiation shielding properties including linear attenuation coefficient (LAC), half-value layer (HVL), mean-free path (MFP), transmission factor (TF), radiation protection efficiency (RPE), and fast neutron removal cross section (FNRCS) were calculated to provide a comprehensive analysis of the samples' efficacy in dealing with different types of radiation. The LAC for neutrons at different energies is also examined. HVL analysis indicates the radiation-blocking capacity of the samples. The TF shows the alloys’ ability to either permit or restrain the transfer of radiation. Additionally, RPE and FNRCS give indication of the shielding potential of the studied samples. This study is important for nuclear physicians and researchers and serves as useful data for the development of superior shielding materials.
研究涵盖了三种有前途的无铅 XCr2Se4 合金(其中 X 代表锰、铜或银)在 0.02 MeV 至 15 MeV 能量范围内的屏蔽特性。MCNP4C 被用来模拟三种选定合金的质量衰减系数(MAC)。采用传统固态反应方法制备后,样品的密度范围为 5.45 g cm-3 至 6.22 g cm-3。然后将 MCNP4C 得到的模拟结果与使用不同软件(如 Phy-X、Py-MLBUF、EPIXS 和 GRASP)得到的数据进行比对。将获得的结果与 Phy-X 数据进行比较后,发现两者之间存在明显的相关性,相对差异在 0.11% 到 8.57% 之间。此外,还通过 Kolmogorov-Smirnov 检验验证了模拟数据的准确性。根据模拟的 MAC,计算了不同的电离辐射屏蔽性能,包括线性衰减系数(LAC)、半值层(HVL)、平均无损路径(MFP)、传输因子(TF)、辐射防护效率(RPE)和快中子去除截面(FNRCS),以全面分析样品在处理不同类型辐射时的功效。此外,还研究了不同能量中子的 LAC。HVL 分析表明了样品的辐射阻挡能力。TF 显示了合金允许或抑制辐射传输的能力。此外,RPE 和 FNRCS 还表明了所研究样品的屏蔽潜力。这项研究对核医生和研究人员非常重要,是开发优质屏蔽材料的有用数据。
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引用次数: 0
Computational assessment of occupational exposure during hepatic chemoembolization 肝化疗栓塞期间职业暴露的计算评估
IF 2.8 3区 物理与天体物理 Q3 CHEMISTRY, PHYSICAL Pub Date : 2024-10-18 DOI: 10.1016/j.radphyschem.2024.112296
Thays Maria P. Machado , Monique F. Silva , Evelyn L. de Oliveira , Isabella P. Tobias , William S. Santos , Lucio P. Neves , Ana P. Perini
One of the treatment alternatives for hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is transarterial chemoembolization (TACE). During this procedure, occupationally exposed individuals (OEIs) remain in the room and, therefore, are exposed to radiation. The objective of this work was to evaluate the equivalent and effective doses that OEIs received from TACE procedure of HCC. The evaluation was carried out by means of conversion coefficients for equivalent (CC[HT]) and effective (CC[E]) doses. The study was conducted based on computer simulation, using the Monte Carlo N-Particle code, version 6.2. An interventional radiology (IR) room was built containing 3 male virtual phantoms (MASH3) to represent the main physician, the assistant, and the patient. The scenarios varied according to the posteroanterior (PA), cranial, 12° (CRA12), caudal, 12° (CAU12) and left anterior oblique, 26° (LAO26) projections and different tube voltage values (70 and 80 kV) with the field size fixed at 35 × 35 cm2. Furthermore, personal protective equipment (PPE) and collective protective equipment (CPE) were incorporated into the scenarios to evaluate the dose reduction on the OIEs. It was observed that the highest dose values received by the OEIs were for the LAO26 projection when an 80 kV tube voltage was applied. The CC[E] values were reduced by up to 95%, while the CC[HT] values saw a reduction of up to 99% with the use of PPEs, for the main physician. Considering the scenario without the use of PPEs, the absolute effective dose received by the main physician was 266.71 μSv and by the assistant 30.29 μSv. When all PPEs and CPEs were used, the effective doses for these professionals were reduced to 24.12 μSv (main physician) and 1.16 μSv (assistant). The significant dose reduction achieved with protective equipment underscores the critical importance of consistently using these devices.
经动脉化疗栓塞术(TACE)是治疗肝细胞癌(HCC)的替代方法之一。在这一过程中,职业暴露者(OEIs)会留在室内,因此会受到辐射。这项工作的目的是评估 OEI 在 HCC TACE 过程中接受的等效和有效剂量。评估是通过等效剂量(CC[HT])和有效剂量(CC[E])的转换系数进行的。这项研究是在计算机模拟的基础上进行的,使用的是蒙特卡罗 N 粒子代码 6.2 版。建立的介入放射学(IR)室包含 3 个男性虚拟模型(MASH3),分别代表主治医生、助手和病人。场景根据后正位(PA)、头颅 12°(CRA12)、尾椎 12°(CAU12)和左前斜 26°(LAO26)投影以及不同的管电压值(70 和 80 kV)而有所不同,视野大小固定为 35 × 35 平方厘米。此外,还将个人防护设备(PPE)和集体防护设备(CPE)纳入方案中,以评估 OIE 的剂量降低情况。结果表明,当使用 80 kV 管电压时,OEI 收到的最高剂量值是 LAO26 投影。使用个人防护设备后,主治医生的 CC[E]值减少了 95%,CC[HT]值减少了 99%。在不使用个人防护设备的情况下,主治医师收到的绝对有效剂量为 266.71 μSv,助手收到的绝对有效剂量为 30.29 μSv。在使用所有个人防护设备和个人防护装备后,这些专业人员的有效剂量降低到 24.12 μSv (主治医师)和 1.16 μSv (助理医师)。使用防护设备可大幅降低剂量,这凸显了坚持使用这些设备的极端重要性。
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引用次数: 0
Dosimetric evaluation of a chilled X-ray irradiator for high throughput insect sterilization 用于高通量昆虫灭菌的冷冻 X 射线辐照装置的剂量学评估
IF 2.8 3区 物理与天体物理 Q3 CHEMISTRY, PHYSICAL Pub Date : 2024-10-18 DOI: 10.1016/j.radphyschem.2024.112289
Andrew G. Parker , Jiaqi Lyu , William McLaughlin
The current trend away from isotopic irradiators for the Sterile Insect Technique (SIT) means that alternative systems are required. This paper describes the dosimetric assessment of a Precision X-Ray X-Rad 320 system with an integrated chilling system (SIT Module) suitable for the irradiation of chill immobilized adult mosquitoes. This system is capable of irradiating a load volume of approximately 4 L whilst maintaining a suitable temperature to maintain the insects immobile. Dose rates, dose uniformity ratios and estimated weekly throughput are presented for various configurations and energies. The throughput for chilled adult mosquitoes is sufficient for currently operational or planned mosquito sterile insect programs.
目前,昆虫不育技术(SIT)已不再使用同位素辐照仪,这意味着需要使用替代系统。本文介绍了 Precision X-Ray X-Rad 320 系统的剂量学评估,该系统带有集成冷却系统(SIT 模块),适用于辐照冷却固定的成蚊。该系统能够辐照约 4 升的装载量,同时保持适当的温度,使昆虫保持不动。文中介绍了不同配置和能量下的剂量率、剂量均匀度比和每周估计处理量。冷冻成蚊的处理量足以满足当前运行或计划中的蚊虫不育计划。
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引用次数: 0
Evaluation of excitation functions of 127I(p,xn) 121,122, 123, 125,127Xe reactions, with particular reference to the production of 127Xe and 123I for medical use 评估 127I(p,xn)121、122、123、125 和 127Xe 反应的激发函数,特别是关于生产医用 127Xe 和 123I 的情况
IF 2.8 3区 物理与天体物理 Q3 CHEMISTRY, PHYSICAL Pub Date : 2024-10-18 DOI: 10.1016/j.radphyschem.2024.112331
M. Eman , N. Amjed , A. Naz , A.M. Wajid , Samar , M. Hussain , S.M. Qaim
Cross section data for the formation of 121,122,123,125,127Xe via proton induced reactions on 127I were critically analyzed. Three nuclear model codes (TALYS 1.9, ALICE-IPPE, and EMPIRE 3.2) were used to ensure the consistency and reliability of the experimental data. Utilizing a well-developed evaluation methodology, a recommended fit for each excitation function was obtained, based on theoretical predictions of nuclear models and experimental cross sections. By using the recommended/reference results, thick target yields were calculated for each production route and its associated impurity reactions. The indirect production of the radionuclides 121,122,123,125I was explored. Special attention was paid to standardization of cross section data for the production of the medically important radionuclides 127Xe and 123I via the routes 127I(p,n)127Xe and 127I(p,5n)123Xe(EC, β+)123I, respectively.
对127I上通过质子诱导反应形成121、122、123、125、127Xe的截面数据进行了批判性分析。使用了三种核模型代码(TALYS 1.9、ALICE-IPPE 和 EMPIRE 3.2)来确保实验数据的一致性和可靠性。利用完善的评估方法,根据核模型的理论预测和实验截面,为每个激励函数获得了推荐的拟合结果。利用推荐/参考结果,计算了每种生产途径及其相关杂质反应的厚靶产率。探讨了放射性核素 121、122、123、125I 的间接生产。特别关注了分别通过 127I(p,n)127Xe 和 127I(p,5n)123Xe(EC, β+)123I途径生产医学上重要的放射性核素127Xe和123I的横截面数据的标准化。
{"title":"Evaluation of excitation functions of 127I(p,xn) 121,122, 123, 125,127Xe reactions, with particular reference to the production of 127Xe and 123I for medical use","authors":"M. Eman ,&nbsp;N. Amjed ,&nbsp;A. Naz ,&nbsp;A.M. Wajid ,&nbsp;Samar ,&nbsp;M. Hussain ,&nbsp;S.M. Qaim","doi":"10.1016/j.radphyschem.2024.112331","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.radphyschem.2024.112331","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Cross section data for the formation of <sup>121,122,123,125,127</sup>Xe via proton induced reactions on <sup>127</sup>I were critically analyzed. Three nuclear model codes (TALYS 1.9, ALICE-IPPE, and EMPIRE 3.2) were used to ensure the consistency and reliability of the experimental data. Utilizing a well-developed evaluation methodology, a recommended fit for each excitation function was obtained, based on theoretical predictions of nuclear models and experimental cross sections. By using the recommended/reference results, thick target yields were calculated for each production route and its associated impurity reactions. The indirect production of the radionuclides <sup>121,122,123,125</sup>I was explored. Special attention was paid to standardization of cross section data for the production of the medically important radionuclides <sup>127</sup>Xe and <sup>123</sup>I via the routes <sup>127</sup>I(p,n)<sup>127</sup>Xe and <sup>127</sup>I(p,5n)<sup>123</sup>Xe(EC, β+)<sup>123</sup>I, respectively.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":20861,"journal":{"name":"Radiation Physics and Chemistry","volume":"226 ","pages":"Article 112331"},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2024-10-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142554684","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Shielding characteristics of a new epoxy resin reinforced by PbO nanoparticles and PbO micro for protection against X-ray and investigation of their cytotoxicity effects and photocatalytic activity 纳米氧化铅和微氧化铅增强的新型环氧树脂对 X 射线的屏蔽特性及其细胞毒性效应和光催化活性研究
IF 2.8 3区 物理与天体物理 Q3 CHEMISTRY, PHYSICAL Pub Date : 2024-10-17 DOI: 10.1016/j.radphyschem.2024.112324
Atefeh Omidtorshiz , Mohammad Reza Benam , Mehdi Momennezhad , Zahra Sabouri , Majid Darroudi
In this work, for the first time, lead oxide nanoparticles (PbO-NPs) were synthesized using Trigonella feonumgraecum plant seeds as a stabilizer and Pb(NO3)2 salt as a lead precursor. The results of the XRD pattern displayed the synthesized NPs have an orthorhombic crystalline structure. According to FESEM images, the NPs had a mean size of about 18.62 nm with a spherical morphology. Also, the cytotoxicity of NPs was evaluated on the Hep G2 cancer cell line, and the IC50 value was reported as 267.07 μg/mL. Next, the photocatalytic performance of the synthesized PbO-NPs was investigated for removing methylene orange (MO) pigment under UVA light, which led to the destruction of about 94% after 120 min. Finally, to investigate the protective properties of PbO-NPs against X-ray, a polymer nanocomposite of epoxy resin/PbO-NPs was prepared with different weight percentages. In the same way, other samples were also prepared, and then their ability to attenuate X-ray was studied with an X-ray tube with a voltage of 52 kV for the palm and 80 kV for the thigh of an average person, respectively. The measurement results show that with the increasing weight percentage of the fillers, the samples' linear and mass attenuation coefficient increases, which means an increase in the efficiency of the samples in X-ray attenuation. Generally, epoxy resin/PbO-NPs samples show a better effect than other samples. Therefore, these types of shields can attract more attention due to their lightness, cost-effectiveness, and far fewer environmental hazards than common lead shields.
本研究首次以三叶草种子为稳定剂,Pb(NO3)2 盐为铅前体,合成了氧化铅纳米粒子(PbO-NPs)。XRD 图谱结果表明,合成的 NPs 具有正方晶状结构。根据 FESEM 图像,NPs 的平均尺寸约为 18.62 nm,呈球形。此外,还评估了 NPs 对 Hep G2 癌细胞系的细胞毒性,IC50 值为 267.07 μg/mL。接着,研究了合成的 PbO-NPs 在 UVA 光下去除亚甲基橙(MO)色素的光催化性能,结果表明 120 分钟后,亚甲基橙(MO)色素的破坏率约为 94%。最后,为了研究 PbO-NPs 对 X 射线的防护性能,制备了不同重量百分比的环氧树脂/PbO-NPs 聚合物纳米复合材料。以同样的方法制备了其他样品,然后用 X 射线管分别对普通人的手掌和大腿进行了 52 千伏电压和 80 千伏电压的 X 射线衰减能力研究。测量结果表明,随着填料重量百分比的增加,样品的线性衰减系数和质量衰减系数也随之增加,这意味着样品的 X 射线衰减效率提高了。一般来说,环氧树脂/PbO-NPs 样品的效果优于其他样品。因此,这类防护罩因其重量轻、成本效益高、对环境的危害远小于普通铅防护罩而受到更多关注。
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引用次数: 0
Shape memory characteristics of injection molded, cross-linked all-polyethylene composites 注塑交联全聚乙烯复合材料的形状记忆特性
IF 2.8 3区 物理与天体物理 Q3 CHEMISTRY, PHYSICAL Pub Date : 2024-10-16 DOI: 10.1016/j.radphyschem.2024.112290
Balázs Tatár , Eszter Tóth , Kolos Molnár , László Mészáros
In this study, we investigated the shape memory properties of a novel self-reinforced polymer composite (SRPC). Chopped Dyneema® SK76 fibers were mixed with high-density polyethylene (HDPE) resin, and samples were produced by injection molding. To allow the fibers to keep their shape and reinforce effectively, we cross-linked them with gamma irradiation (100, 200, and 300 kGy absorbed doses). In the second step of irradiation, we irradiated the composites with doses of 50, 100, 150, and 200 kGy to give them shape memory properties. Soxhlet extractions, differential scanning calorimetry, and scanning electron microscopy revealed that the fibers cross-linked and kept their structural integrity through processing. We confirmed the reinforcing effect of the fibers with flexural tests and by dynamic mechanical analysis. In free recovery experiments, samples had recovery and fixity ratios above 79%. With the highest dose, recovery stress increased by 26%. We showed the viability of this novel method of self-reinforcement in the production of shape memory polymers (SMPs) with improved characteristics.
在这项研究中,我们研究了一种新型自增强聚合物复合材料(SRPC)的形状记忆特性。将切碎的 Dyneema® SK76 纤维与高密度聚乙烯(HDPE)树脂混合,通过注塑成型制作样品。为了使纤维保持形状并有效加固,我们用伽马辐照(吸收剂量分别为 100、200 和 300 kGy)使其交联。在第二步辐照中,我们用 50、100、150 和 200 kGy 的剂量辐照复合材料,使其具有形状记忆特性。索氏提取法、差示扫描量热法和扫描电子显微镜显示,纤维在加工过程中发生了交联并保持了结构的完整性。我们通过弯曲试验和动态机械分析证实了纤维的增强效果。在自由回收实验中,样品的回收率和固定率均超过 79%。使用最高剂量时,恢复应力增加了 26%。我们证明了这种新型自增强方法在生产具有更好特性的形状记忆聚合物(SMP)中的可行性。
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引用次数: 0
Examination of radiation shielding features of Bi2O3 modified Lithium Zinc Silicate glass system 检验 Bi2O3 改性硅酸锌锂玻璃体系的辐射屏蔽特性
IF 2.8 3区 物理与天体物理 Q3 CHEMISTRY, PHYSICAL Pub Date : 2024-10-16 DOI: 10.1016/j.radphyschem.2024.112291
Jaber Alyami , M.I. Sayyed , Yas Al-Hadeethi , Othman A. Fallatah , Mohammad Bahmaid
In this study, several radiation shielding characteristics of Bi2O3 modified Lithium Zinc Silicate glass systems were reported using the Phy-X program. The mass attenuation coefficient (MAC) demonstrates a substantial energy dependency only at low energy range (0.284 MeV < E < 0.662 MeV), however it exhibits a slight energy dependency at high energies. It was shown that the transmission factor (TF) increases with energy, suggesting that at higher energies, more gamma rays can pass through the lithium zinc Silicate glasses. We reported the transmission factor (TF) at different thicknesses and we found that the TF at 0.347 MeV for Li25Bi0 varies between 0.92 and 0.77 for thicknesses of 0.3 and 0.9 cm respectively. Also, Li5Bi20's TF is lower than Li25Bi0's, which means that the effectiveness of the samples as shields will increase with the quantity of Bi2O3 present. The TVL is decreased by the introduction of Bi2O3, with Li5Bi20 possessing the smallest TVL and being regarded as the superior absorber. The lowest TVL recorded for selected glasses are 7.608, 3.189, 2.188, 1.677 and 1.427 cm for Li25Bi0 to Li5Bi20 respectively. The TVL results showed that at 0.284 MeV, the TVL for the Li25Bi0 is 5.33 times the TVL of Li5Bi20. At 0.347 MeV, the TVL of Li25Bi0 is 4.08 times the TVL of Li5Bi20, while at 0.662 MeV the TVL of Li25Bi0 is 2.36 times the TVL of Li5Bi20. We compared the effective atomic number (Zeff) for the selected glasses with other materials and we found that all these glasses have higher Zeff than ordinary concrete, and RS-253-G18, except Li25Bi0 sample which shows lower Zeff than RS-253-G18.
本研究利用 Phy-X 程序报告了 Bi2O3 改性硅酸锌锂玻璃系统的几种辐射屏蔽特性。质量衰减系数(MAC)仅在低能量范围(0.284 MeV < E < 0.662 MeV)表现出很大的能量依赖性,但在高能量时表现出轻微的能量依赖性。研究表明,透射系数(TF)随能量的增加而增加,这表明在能量较高时,有更多的伽马射线可以穿过硅酸锌锂玻璃。我们报告了不同厚度玻璃的透射系数(TF),发现厚度分别为 0.3 厘米和 0.9 厘米的 Li25Bi0 玻璃在 0.347 MeV 时的透射系数介于 0.92 和 0.77 之间。此外,Li5Bi20 的 TF 低于 Li25Bi0,这意味着样品作为屏蔽的有效性会随着 Bi2O3 数量的增加而提高。引入 Bi2O3 会降低 TVL,其中 Li5Bi20 的 TVL 最小,被认为是较好的吸收体。从 Li25Bi0 到 Li5Bi20,所选玻璃的最低 TVL 分别为 7.608、3.189、2.188、1.677 和 1.427 厘米。TVL 结果显示,在 0.284 MeV 时,Li25Bi0 的 TVL 是 Li5Bi20 的 5.33 倍。在 0.347 MeV 时,Li25Bi0 的 TVL 是 Li5Bi20 的 4.08 倍,而在 0.662 MeV 时,Li25Bi0 的 TVL 是 Li5Bi20 的 2.36 倍。我们将所选玻璃的有效原子序数(Zeff)与其他材料进行了比较,发现除 Li25Bi0 样品的 Zeff 低于 RS-253-G18 外,所有这些玻璃的 Zeff 都高于普通混凝土和 RS-253-G18。
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引用次数: 0
Investigation of mechanical and radiation shielding properties of Sm–Sm2O3 reinforced Al–B4C composite 研究 Sm-Sm2O3 增强 Al-B4C 复合材料的机械和辐射屏蔽性能
IF 2.8 3区 物理与天体物理 Q3 CHEMISTRY, PHYSICAL Pub Date : 2024-10-16 DOI: 10.1016/j.radphyschem.2024.112325
Yasin Gaylan , Ilker Emin Dag , Seyit Caglar , Baris Avar
In this study, Al–20%B4C-x%(Sm, Sm2O3) (x = 1, 3, and 5) composites were prepared using mechanical alloying to investigate their neutron shielding and mechanical properties. After pelletizing and sintering the prepared powder composites, their microstructures were characterized using X-ray diffraction, energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy, and scanning electron microscopy. Hardness, density, and corrosion tests were performed on the composites. Thermal and fast neutron shielding properties were calculated using the MCNP simulation code. Experimental measurements of neutron shielding were carried out using an Am–Be neutron source. Experimental results showed that 5% Sm-reinforced composites exhibited better neutron shielding than Sm2O3-reinforced composites at all doping ratios. Simulation calculations indicated that the highest thermal neutron shielding rate was observed in Sm-reinforced composites, while the highest fast neutron shielding rate was observed in 5% Sm2O3-reinforced composites. This research provides important data for researchers interested in developing thermal and fast neutron shielding materials.
本研究采用机械合金化方法制备了 Al-20%B4C-x%(Sm,Sm2O3)(x = 1、3 和 5)复合材料,以研究其中子屏蔽和机械性能。在对制备的粉末复合材料进行造粒和烧结后,使用 X 射线衍射、能量色散 X 射线光谱和扫描电子显微镜对其微观结构进行了表征。对复合材料进行了硬度、密度和腐蚀测试。使用 MCNP 模拟代码计算了热屏蔽和快中子屏蔽特性。使用 Am-Be 中子源进行了中子屏蔽实验测量。实验结果表明,在所有掺杂比率下,5% Sm 增强复合材料的中子屏蔽性能都优于 Sm2O3 增强复合材料。模拟计算表明,Sm 增强复合材料的热中子屏蔽率最高,而 5% Sm2O3 增强复合材料的快中子屏蔽率最高。这项研究为有意开发热中子和快中子屏蔽材料的研究人员提供了重要数据。
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引用次数: 0
Correlation of proton conductivity and free volume in sulfonated polyether ether ketone electrolytes: A positron annihilation lifetime spectroscopy study 磺化聚醚醚酮电解质中质子电导率与自由体积的相关性:正电子湮灭寿命光谱研究
IF 2.8 3区 物理与天体物理 Q3 CHEMISTRY, PHYSICAL Pub Date : 2024-10-16 DOI: 10.1016/j.radphyschem.2024.112327
Muhammet Lahmuni , Mesut Yılmazoğlu , Ufuk Abaci , Ozan Coban , Ayse Yumak Yahsi , Cumali Tav , Ugur Yahsi
Proton-conducting polymers play a pivotal role in clean energy technologies and various industrial applications, with a significant emphasis on enhancing energy efficiency and minimizing environmental impact. Sulfonated polyether ether ketone (SPEEK), which is renowned for its proton conductivity, has emerged as a key material in electrochemical processes, notably in proton exchange membrane (PEM) fuel cells. This study investigated the proton conductivity and dielectric behavior of SPEEK electrolytes at varying degree of sulfonation (DS) of 65% and 80%, correlating these properties with free volume profiles determined by positron annihilation lifetime spectroscopy (PALS). The SPEEK-65 and SPEEK-80 electrolytes were prepared via a controlled sulfonation process and characterized by FTIR, TGA, and SEM analyses. Proton conductivity and dielectric measurements were conducted at temperatures ranging from 300 to 370 K and frequencies ranging from 20 Hz to 1 MHz. The results revealed that SPEEK-80 exhibited a maximum proton conductivity of 3.4 × 10−2 S/m at 300 K and 1 MHz, which was significantly greater than the 4.38 × 10−3 S/m observed for SPEEK-65 under the same conditions. PALS analysis demonstrated a notable increase in free volume with increasing DS, with SPEEK-80 showing a higher o-Ps lifetime and intensity, indicating larger free volume sizes and fractions. These findings underscore the critical interplay between DS, free volume, and proton conductivity, offering insights into optimizing SPEEK-based electrolytes for advanced electrochemical applications.
质子传导聚合物在清洁能源技术和各种工业应用中发挥着举足轻重的作用,重点在于提高能源效率和最大限度地减少对环境的影响。磺化聚醚醚酮(SPEEK)以其质子传导性著称,已成为电化学过程中的一种关键材料,特别是在质子交换膜燃料电池中。本研究调查了不同磺化度(DS)(65% 和 80%)的 SPEEK 电解质的质子传导性和介电行为,并将这些特性与正电子湮灭寿命光谱(PALS)测定的自由体积剖面进行了关联。SPEEK-65 和 SPEEK-80 电解质是通过受控磺化工艺制备的,并通过傅立叶变换红外光谱、热重分析和扫描电镜分析进行了表征。质子电导率和介电测量是在温度为 300 至 370 K、频率为 20 Hz 至 1 MHz 的条件下进行的。结果显示,SPEEK-80 在 300 K 和 1 MHz 下的最大质子电导率为 3.4 × 10-2 S/m,明显高于 SPEEK-65 在相同条件下的 4.38 × 10-3 S/m。PALS 分析表明,随着 DS 的增加,自由体积显著增加,SPEEK-80 显示出更高的 o-Ps 寿命和强度,表明自由体积的尺寸和分数更大。这些发现强调了 DS、自由体积和质子电导率之间的重要相互作用,为优化基于 SPEEK 的电解质以实现先进的电化学应用提供了启示。
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Radiation Physics and Chemistry
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