Pub Date : 2026-02-14DOI: 10.1016/j.radphyschem.2026.113719
Indah Musdalifah, Bualkar Abdullah, Dahlang Tahir
Phantom radiography plays a critical role in the advancement of diagnostic radiology by enabling objective evaluation of imaging systems and techniques. This review analyzes the fundamental principles of phantom design in medical imaging and highlights recent technological innovations that have contributed to improved diagnostic performance. A comprehensive literature review was conducted, encompassing recent studies on both anatomical and non-anatomical phantoms. The analysis focuses on material selection, structural design, and the integration of emerging technologies, including three-dimensional printing, digital imaging, and computational modeling, to assess phantom characteristics. The findings demonstrate that phantom radiography provides significant benefits for image quality assurance, system calibration, clinical training, and validation of machine learning algorithms. Innovations reported across 46 selected studies have enhanced phantom realism, adaptability, and precision, enabling more accurate simulation of human tissue properties and improved evaluation of imaging system performance. These advancements underscore the essential role of phantom radiography in the development and quality assurance of medical imaging technologies. Future research should address existing challenges, particularly material standardization and cost efficiency, to further enhance diagnostic reliability and workflow optimization. This review offers valuable insights for researchers, healthcare professionals, and engineers aiming to improve diagnostic accuracy, patient safety, and overall imaging system performance.
{"title":"A Comprehensive Review of Phantom Radiography: Design, Applications, and Technological Advancements","authors":"Indah Musdalifah, Bualkar Abdullah, Dahlang Tahir","doi":"10.1016/j.radphyschem.2026.113719","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.radphyschem.2026.113719","url":null,"abstract":"Phantom radiography plays a critical role in the advancement of diagnostic radiology by enabling objective evaluation of imaging systems and techniques. This review analyzes the fundamental principles of phantom design in medical imaging and highlights recent technological innovations that have contributed to improved diagnostic performance. A comprehensive literature review was conducted, encompassing recent studies on both anatomical and non-anatomical phantoms. The analysis focuses on material selection, structural design, and the integration of emerging technologies, including three-dimensional printing, digital imaging, and computational modeling, to assess phantom characteristics. The findings demonstrate that phantom radiography provides significant benefits for image quality assurance, system calibration, clinical training, and validation of machine learning algorithms. Innovations reported across 46 selected studies have enhanced phantom realism, adaptability, and precision, enabling more accurate simulation of human tissue properties and improved evaluation of imaging system performance. These advancements underscore the essential role of phantom radiography in the development and quality assurance of medical imaging technologies. Future research should address existing challenges, particularly material standardization and cost efficiency, to further enhance diagnostic reliability and workflow optimization. This review offers valuable insights for researchers, healthcare professionals, and engineers aiming to improve diagnostic accuracy, patient safety, and overall imaging system performance.","PeriodicalId":20861,"journal":{"name":"Radiation Physics and Chemistry","volume":"244 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2026-02-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146208989","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2026-02-14DOI: 10.1016/j.radphyschem.2026.113715
Thibaut Herin, Stéphane Poyet, Pascal Bouniol, Sophie Le Caër
Assessing whether cementitious materials are truly free of adsorbed water after drying remains experimentally challenging, yet residual water can strongly bias measurements of radiolytic molecular hydrogen production. Here, we use radiolytic H2 generation as a sensitive probe to quantify trace residual water and evaluate the efficiency of common desorption protocols. Non-porous model hydrates (portlandite and tobermorite) were subjected to freeze-drying, solvent exchange, or thermal treatment under vacuum, then irradiated with accelerated electrons and their H2 yields measured. The results reveal clear differences between methods and minerals. Freeze-drying systematically left detectable surface-adsorbed water, while solvent exchange showed mineral-dependent limitations. Thermal vacuum treatment was the most effective, although complete desorption required harsher conditions than typically applied to cementitious materials. These findings establish radiolysis as a practical tool for detecting residual water and benchmarking drying procedures in cement-based systems.
{"title":"How Dry Is Dry? Radiolysis Reveals Hidden Water in Cementitious Materials","authors":"Thibaut Herin, Stéphane Poyet, Pascal Bouniol, Sophie Le Caër","doi":"10.1016/j.radphyschem.2026.113715","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.radphyschem.2026.113715","url":null,"abstract":"Assessing whether cementitious materials are truly free of adsorbed water after drying remains experimentally challenging, yet residual water can strongly bias measurements of radiolytic molecular hydrogen production. Here, we use radiolytic H<ce:inf loc=\"post\">2</ce:inf> generation as a sensitive probe to quantify trace residual water and evaluate the efficiency of common desorption protocols. Non-porous model hydrates (portlandite and tobermorite) were subjected to freeze-drying, solvent exchange, or thermal treatment under vacuum, then irradiated with accelerated electrons and their H<ce:inf loc=\"post\">2</ce:inf> yields measured. The results reveal clear differences between methods and minerals. Freeze-drying systematically left detectable surface-adsorbed water, while solvent exchange showed mineral-dependent limitations. Thermal vacuum treatment was the most effective, although complete desorption required harsher conditions than typically applied to cementitious materials. These findings establish radiolysis as a practical tool for detecting residual water and benchmarking drying procedures in cement-based systems.","PeriodicalId":20861,"journal":{"name":"Radiation Physics and Chemistry","volume":"2 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2026-02-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146208990","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2026-02-14DOI: 10.1016/j.radphyschem.2026.113718
Arzu Poyraz, Betul Cetin, Iskender Akkurt
In this study, gamma radiation attenuation properties of materials prepared by mixing polycrystalline Bi2Sr2Ca1−xZnxCu1.75Na0.25Oᵧ (x = 0.00–0.075) at different ratios were investigated by using XCOM software and GATE Monte Carlo simulation. The investigation was carried out at 511, 662, 1173 and 1332 keV photon energies and the mass attenuation coefficient was calculated. From the calculated mass attenuation coefficient, the linear attenuation coefficients (LAC), half-value layer (HVL) and mean free path (MFP) parameters were calculated and their changes with energy were investigated. Looking at the obtained data, especially the BSCZCN2 and BSCZCN3 samples (x = 0.0125 and x = 0.025) have the best radiation attenuation property as a result of both theoretical and simulated data.
{"title":"Evaluation of Zn-substituted Bi-based polycrystalline ceramics as gamma-ray shielding materials using XCOM and GATE methods","authors":"Arzu Poyraz, Betul Cetin, Iskender Akkurt","doi":"10.1016/j.radphyschem.2026.113718","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.radphyschem.2026.113718","url":null,"abstract":"In this study, gamma radiation attenuation properties of materials prepared by mixing polycrystalline Bi<ce:inf loc=\"post\">2</ce:inf>Sr<ce:inf loc=\"post\">2</ce:inf>Ca<ce:inf loc=\"post\">1</ce:inf>−xZnxCu<ce:inf loc=\"post\">1.75</ce:inf>Na<ce:inf loc=\"post\">0.25</ce:inf>Oᵧ (x = 0.00–0.075) at different ratios were investigated by using XCOM software and GATE Monte Carlo simulation. The investigation was carried out at 511, 662, 1173 and 1332 keV photon energies and the mass attenuation coefficient was calculated. From the calculated mass attenuation coefficient, the linear attenuation coefficients (LAC), half-value layer (HVL) and mean free path (MFP) parameters were calculated and their changes with energy were investigated. Looking at the obtained data, especially the BSCZCN2 and BSCZCN3 samples (x = 0.0125 and x = 0.025) have the best radiation attenuation property as a result of both theoretical and simulated data.","PeriodicalId":20861,"journal":{"name":"Radiation Physics and Chemistry","volume":"52 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2026-02-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146209076","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2026-02-14DOI: 10.1016/j.radphyschem.2026.113722
Ravikumar Nattudurai, N. Pavithra, R. Deepika, N. Poongodi
This investigation reports the synthesis and comprehensive characterization of a novel aluminium doped lithium triborate (LiB3O5:Al) phosphor for advanced thermoluminescent dosimetry applications. The material was prepared via an optimized high temperature solid state reaction route and systematically evaluated for its structural, optical, and dosimetric properties. Phase purity and the orthorhombic crystal structure were confirmed by powder X-ray diffraction (XRD). Irradiation studies encompassed gamma rays (60Co source), X-rays across diagnostic (80 kVp) and therapeutic (250 kVp) ranges, and 3 MeV protons to assess radiation type dependence. Deconvolution analysis revealed that the thermoluminescence (TL) glow curve consists of three overlapping peaks, with the main dosimetric peak at 212 ± 3 °C, indicating a trap structure that is less complex than that of TLD-100. Optically stimulated luminescence (OSL) studies revealed a broad stimulation spectrum with maximum sensitivity around 490 nm. The TL dose response demonstrated exceptional linearity (R2 > 0.998) over four orders of magnitude (10 mGy to 100 Gy) for gamma radiation. Kinetic analysis via Chen's peak shape and variable heating rate methods yielded an activation energy of 1.30±0.06eV for the main peak, confirming trap stability. Electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) spectroscopy identified radiation induced boron-oxygen hole centers (BOHCs), and their signal intensity showed a linear correlation with absorbed dose and TL signal, establishing a direct link between microscopic defects and macroscopic performance. The calculated effective atomic number (Zeff = 7.25) confirms near-tissue equivalence. The phosphor exhibited excellent reusability (over 15 cycles). Fading analysis showed an initial rapid decay of ∼20% within 48 h, attributable to shallow traps, followed by excellent long-term stability (<3% loss over 60 days); this initial fading can be managed by a post irradiation preheat. Comparative analysis with commercial LiF:Mg,Ti (TLD-100) revealed a simpler glow curve structure, a wider linear dose range, and a more favorable energy response due to enhanced tissue equivalence. These findings collectively establish LiB3O5:Al as a promising, multifunctional material for next generation personal, clinical, and environmental radiation dosimetry.
{"title":"Luminescence and defect characterization of Al-doped lithium triborate (LiB3O5:Al): A tissue equivalent phosphor for radiation dosimetry","authors":"Ravikumar Nattudurai, N. Pavithra, R. Deepika, N. Poongodi","doi":"10.1016/j.radphyschem.2026.113722","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.radphyschem.2026.113722","url":null,"abstract":"This investigation reports the synthesis and comprehensive characterization of a novel aluminium doped lithium triborate (LiB<ce:inf loc=\"post\">3</ce:inf>O<ce:inf loc=\"post\">5</ce:inf>:Al) phosphor for advanced thermoluminescent dosimetry applications. The material was prepared via an optimized high temperature solid state reaction route and systematically evaluated for its structural, optical, and dosimetric properties. Phase purity and the orthorhombic crystal structure were confirmed by powder X-ray diffraction (XRD). Irradiation studies encompassed gamma rays (<ce:sup loc=\"post\">60</ce:sup>Co source), X-rays across diagnostic (80 kVp) and therapeutic (250 kVp) ranges, and 3 MeV protons to assess radiation type dependence. Deconvolution analysis revealed that the thermoluminescence (TL) glow curve consists of three overlapping peaks, with the main dosimetric peak at 212 ± 3 °C, indicating a trap structure that is less complex than that of TLD-100. Optically stimulated luminescence (OSL) studies revealed a broad stimulation spectrum with maximum sensitivity around 490 nm. The TL dose response demonstrated exceptional linearity (R<ce:sup loc=\"post\">2</ce:sup> > 0.998) over four orders of magnitude (10 mGy to 100 Gy) for gamma radiation. Kinetic analysis via Chen's peak shape and variable heating rate methods yielded an activation energy of <mml:math altimg=\"si1.svg\"><mml:mrow><mml:mn>1.30</mml:mn><mml:mo linebreak=\"goodbreak\" linebreakstyle=\"after\">±</mml:mo><mml:mn>0.06</mml:mn><mml:mspace width=\"0.25em\"></mml:mspace><mml:mtext>eV</mml:mtext></mml:mrow></mml:math> for the main peak, confirming trap stability. Electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) spectroscopy identified radiation induced boron-oxygen hole centers (BOHCs), and their signal intensity showed a linear correlation with absorbed dose and TL signal, establishing a direct link between microscopic defects and macroscopic performance. The calculated effective atomic number (Z<ce:inf loc=\"post\">eff</ce:inf> = 7.25) confirms near-tissue equivalence. The phosphor exhibited excellent reusability (over 15 cycles). Fading analysis showed an initial rapid decay of ∼20% within 48 h, attributable to shallow traps, followed by excellent long-term stability (<3% loss over 60 days); this initial fading can be managed by a post irradiation preheat. Comparative analysis with commercial LiF:Mg,Ti (TLD-100) revealed a simpler glow curve structure, a wider linear dose range, and a more favorable energy response due to enhanced tissue equivalence. These findings collectively establish LiB<ce:inf loc=\"post\">3</ce:inf>O<ce:inf loc=\"post\">5</ce:inf>:Al as a promising, multifunctional material for next generation personal, clinical, and environmental radiation dosimetry.","PeriodicalId":20861,"journal":{"name":"Radiation Physics and Chemistry","volume":"47 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2026-02-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146208991","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2026-02-14DOI: 10.1016/j.radphyschem.2026.113725
V.G. Harutyunyan, S.D. Zilio, M. Colja, M. Cautero, G. Cautero, L. Sbuelz, D. Curcio, G. Biasiol
In this work, we present a capacitively coupled GaAs p+-i-n/substrate photodetector (CC-GaAs PIN/S PD), which also represents a preliminary step toward 3D detection (x, y, time) of high-energy X-ray pulses. Although the final 3D detector will be based on a separate absorption and multiplication avalanche photodiode (SAM APD) design, the present device exhibits characteristics that offer valuable insights into the performance expected once a multiplication layer is incorporated into the final device.
{"title":"Capacitively Coupled GaAs p-i-n/Substrate Photodetector with Ohmic Contacts on Lightly Doped n-GaAs for Hard X-Ray Imaging","authors":"V.G. Harutyunyan, S.D. Zilio, M. Colja, M. Cautero, G. Cautero, L. Sbuelz, D. Curcio, G. Biasiol","doi":"10.1016/j.radphyschem.2026.113725","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.radphyschem.2026.113725","url":null,"abstract":"In this work, we present a capacitively coupled GaAs p<ce:sup loc=\"post\">+</ce:sup>-i-n/substrate photodetector (CC-GaAs PIN/S PD), which also represents a preliminary step toward 3D detection (x, y, time) of high-energy X-ray pulses. Although the final 3D detector will be based on a separate absorption and multiplication avalanche photodiode (SAM APD) design, the present device exhibits characteristics that offer valuable insights into the performance expected once a multiplication layer is incorporated into the final device.","PeriodicalId":20861,"journal":{"name":"Radiation Physics and Chemistry","volume":"196 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2026-02-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146208965","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Aqueous zinc-ion supercapacitors are regarded as promising energy storage devices due to their high safety, low cost and environmental friendliness. However, conventional preparation methods for dual-crosslinked hydrogel electrolytes typically require initiators or chemical crosslinking agents and involve complex processing procedures. These requirements not only increase production cost but may also introduce environmental concerns. To overcome these limitations, this study builds upon a novel electron beam (EB) irradiation strategy developed in our previous research and further extends its advantages. The core innovation of this study is the introduction of glycerol (G), which converts the EB irradiation–induced crosslinking mechanism from a predominantly physical network, as observed in single-component polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) hydrogels, into a synergistic covalent/physical dual network. This fundamental shift in network architecture underpins the observed performance enhancements. Herein, we report a dual-crosslinked PVA–G hydrogel electrolyte fabricated via EB irradiation without any chemical crosslinking agents or initiators. The results demonstrate that an optimal irradiation dose of 30 kGy yields a PVA–G hydrogel with excellent overall performance, including a maximum tensile strength of 71 kPa and an elongation at break of 104.61%. Notably, compared with our previous study (in which PVA hydrogel at 30 kGy exhibited a maximum tensile strength of 78 kPa and an elongation at break of approximately 7.63%), the elongation at break of the PVA–G dual-crosslinked hydrogel is drastically increased, confirming its substantially improved mechanical properties. Furthermore, the hydrogel exhibits a high ionic conductivity of 22.8 mS cm-1 and an expanded electrochemical stability window of approximately 2.51 V. This study presents a cost-effective, simple and scalable strategy for producing high-performance dual-crosslinked hydrogel electrolytes and further demonstrates the versatility and superiority of EB irradiation technology for advancing aqueous energy storage materials.
水性锌离子超级电容器具有安全、低成本、环保等优点，是一种很有前途的储能装置。然而，传统的制备双交联水凝胶电解质的方法通常需要引发剂或化学交联剂，并且涉及复杂的加工过程。这些要求不仅增加了生产成本，还可能引起环境问题。为了克服这些限制，本研究建立在我们先前研究中开发的新型电子束（EB）照射策略的基础上，并进一步扩展其优势。本研究的核心创新是引入甘油(G)，它将EB辐照诱导的交联机制从单组分聚乙烯醇（PVA）水凝胶中观察到的主要物理网络转变为协同的共价/物理双重网络。这种网络体系结构的根本性转变支持了所观察到的性能增强。本文报道了一种不含化学交联剂和引发剂的双交联PVA-G水凝胶电解质。结果表明，最佳辐照剂量为30 kGy时，得到的PVA-G水凝胶具有优异的综合性能，最大抗拉强度为71 kPa，断裂伸长率为104.61%。值得注意的是，与我们之前的研究（30 kGy时PVA水凝胶的最大抗拉强度为78 kPa，断裂伸长率约为7.63%）相比，PVA - g双交联水凝胶的断裂伸长率大幅提高，证实了其力学性能的显著改善。此外，水凝胶表现出22.8 mS cm-1的高离子电导率和约2.51 V的扩展电化学稳定窗口。本研究提出了一种经济、简单、可扩展的生产高性能双交联水凝胶电解质的策略，并进一步证明了EB辐照技术在推进水储能材料方面的多功能性和优越性。
{"title":"Dual-Crosslinked PVA-Based Hydrogel Electrolyte with High Toughness Prepared by Electron Beam Irradiation for Aqueous Zn-Ion Supercapacitors","authors":"Zhengying Wang, Yuhong Liu, Yunshi Lei, Baoyue Qiu, Hao Chen, Xiaoyan Wei, Jiang Huang","doi":"10.1016/j.radphyschem.2026.113716","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.radphyschem.2026.113716","url":null,"abstract":"Aqueous zinc-ion supercapacitors are regarded as promising energy storage devices due to their high safety, low cost and environmental friendliness. However, conventional preparation methods for dual-crosslinked hydrogel electrolytes typically require initiators or chemical crosslinking agents and involve complex processing procedures. These requirements not only increase production cost but may also introduce environmental concerns. To overcome these limitations, this study builds upon a novel electron beam (EB) irradiation strategy developed in our previous research and further extends its advantages. The core innovation of this study is the introduction of glycerol (G), which converts the EB irradiation–induced crosslinking mechanism from a predominantly physical network, as observed in single-component polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) hydrogels, into a synergistic covalent/physical dual network. This fundamental shift in network architecture underpins the observed performance enhancements. Herein, we report a dual-crosslinked PVA–G hydrogel electrolyte fabricated via EB irradiation without any chemical crosslinking agents or initiators. The results demonstrate that an optimal irradiation dose of 30 kGy yields a PVA–G hydrogel with excellent overall performance, including a maximum tensile strength of 71 kPa and an elongation at break of 104.61%. Notably, compared with our previous study (in which PVA hydrogel at 30 kGy exhibited a maximum tensile strength of 78 kPa and an elongation at break of approximately 7.63%), the elongation at break of the PVA–G dual-crosslinked hydrogel is drastically increased, confirming its substantially improved mechanical properties. Furthermore, the hydrogel exhibits a high ionic conductivity of 22.8 mS cm<ce:sup loc=\"post\">-1</ce:sup> and an expanded electrochemical stability window of approximately 2.51 V. This study presents a cost-effective, simple and scalable strategy for producing high-performance dual-crosslinked hydrogel electrolytes and further demonstrates the versatility and superiority of EB irradiation technology for advancing aqueous energy storage materials.","PeriodicalId":20861,"journal":{"name":"Radiation Physics and Chemistry","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2026-02-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146208993","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2026-02-11DOI: 10.1016/j.radphyschem.2026.113711
Julio Harada , Juliana Arquinto , Maria da Conceição Costa Pereira , Maria Elizabeth Maués dos Santos , Dione Pereira de Castro , Traian Zaharescu , Leonardo Gondim de Andrade e Silva
This study addresses the use of radiation processing in the reuse of polypropylene (PP) waste derived from municipal products (MSW), evaluating its physical and chemical properties after e-beam (EB) irradiation in a wide range of doses between 12.5 and 500 kGy. The results show that EB irradiation up to 50 kGy has proven more efficient than conventional recycling methods, promoting molecular modifications and achieving convenient molecular rearrangements. Chemical and thermal analyses show the irradiation interference in PP after 25 kGy, and the melting temperature decreased when irradiated with a dose of up to 250 kGy, impacting the morphological and crystallinity phases, due to molecular cross-linking, especially in the PPrec samples. It was observed that the Vicat tests did not interfere with PPrec recycling, for secondary applications. The doses exceeding 100 kGy up to 500 kGy crosslinking allow PP to be a proper material as fillers, industrial applications, or utilized as an energy source, enhancing environmental sustainability. The use of EB in polymer processing presents a significant advantage as an alternative energy source, positioning it as a more sustainable and eco-friendly approach compared to traditional plastic recycling methods.
{"title":"Recycling polypropylene waste packaging. Technical requirements for radiation processing","authors":"Julio Harada , Juliana Arquinto , Maria da Conceição Costa Pereira , Maria Elizabeth Maués dos Santos , Dione Pereira de Castro , Traian Zaharescu , Leonardo Gondim de Andrade e Silva","doi":"10.1016/j.radphyschem.2026.113711","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.radphyschem.2026.113711","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study addresses the use of radiation processing in the reuse of polypropylene (PP) waste derived from municipal products (MSW), evaluating its physical and chemical properties after e-beam (EB) irradiation in a wide range of doses between 12.5 and 500 kGy. The results show that EB irradiation up to 50 kGy has proven more efficient than conventional recycling methods, promoting molecular modifications and achieving convenient molecular rearrangements. Chemical and thermal analyses show the irradiation interference in PP after 25 kGy, and the melting temperature decreased when irradiated with a dose of up to 250 kGy, impacting the morphological and crystallinity phases, due to molecular cross-linking, especially in the PPrec samples. It was observed that the Vicat tests did not interfere with PPrec recycling, for secondary applications. The doses exceeding 100 kGy up to 500 kGy crosslinking allow PP to be a proper material as fillers, industrial applications, or utilized as an energy source, enhancing environmental sustainability. The use of EB in polymer processing presents a significant advantage as an alternative energy source, positioning it as a more sustainable and eco-friendly approach compared to traditional plastic recycling methods.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":20861,"journal":{"name":"Radiation Physics and Chemistry","volume":"243 ","pages":"Article 113711"},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2026-02-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146160134","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2026-02-10DOI: 10.1016/j.radphyschem.2026.113703
M.S. Al-Buriahi , Marzoqa M. Alnairi , Mine Kirkbinar , Hind Saeed Alzahrani , B. Alshahrani , Beriham Basha , Norah Alomayrah , I.O. Olarinoye
The characterization of substances reveals their useful attributes, weaknesses and potential technological applications. In this study, the influence of TiO2 on the microstructural, hardness, density and radiation insulating features of transparent Na2O–ZnO–B2O3 glass system was investigated with the aim of providing alternative, cheap and transparent glass shields for therapeutic and diagnostic medical facilities. Two glass batches coded as BNZ (73B2O3+13ZnO+14Na2O) and BNZ-T (69B2O3+12ZnO+14Na2O+5TiO2) were prepared based on the melt-and-quench technology and analysed for their mechanical, microstructural, radiation (gamma-rays, fast, and thermal neutrons) shielding attributes. The microstructure and chemical element distribution within the glasses were investigated with the aid of a scanning electron microscope and the electron diffraction spectroscopy, respectively, while the mass attenuation coefficients (MACs) and effective atomic number of the glasses were estimated using the EPICS2017 interaction cross-section database for 59–1332 keV photons. The introduction of TiO2 increased the density and hardness and introduced changes in the microstructure of BNZ. The MACs of BNZ and BNZ-T decreased from 0.3604 to 0.0536 cm2/g and 0.3664 to 0.0534 cm2/g, respectively as energy of gamma rays increased. Also, decreased from 12.81 to 8.45 for BNZ and 12.85 to 8.39 for BNZ-T for the 59.54–1332.49 keV energy spectrum. The fast neutron removal ability cm−1) of the glasses indicated that the introduction of TiO2 to the structure of BNZ enhanced the ability of the glass to moderate fast neutrons by about 5%, but compromised the thermal neutron total cross section by 9%. The gamma-rays and neutron insulating properties of BNZ and BNZ-T compared well with traditional shielding substances within the investigated radiation energies. BNZ and BNZ-T glasses can be used as gamma and fast neutron radiation insulators, especially at photon energies used in medical applications.
{"title":"Structure and radiation shielding properties of transparent Na2O–ZnO–B2O3 glass system modified by TiO2 addition","authors":"M.S. Al-Buriahi , Marzoqa M. Alnairi , Mine Kirkbinar , Hind Saeed Alzahrani , B. Alshahrani , Beriham Basha , Norah Alomayrah , I.O. Olarinoye","doi":"10.1016/j.radphyschem.2026.113703","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.radphyschem.2026.113703","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The characterization of substances reveals their useful attributes, weaknesses and potential technological applications. In this study, the influence of TiO<sub>2</sub> on the microstructural, hardness, density and radiation insulating features of transparent Na<sub>2</sub>O–ZnO–B<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub> glass system was investigated with the aim of providing alternative, cheap and transparent glass shields for therapeutic and diagnostic medical facilities. Two glass batches coded as BNZ (73B<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub>+13ZnO+14Na<sub>2</sub>O) and BNZ-T (69B<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub>+12ZnO+14Na<sub>2</sub>O+5TiO<sub>2</sub>) were prepared based on the melt-and-quench technology and analysed for their mechanical, microstructural, radiation (gamma-rays, fast, and thermal neutrons) shielding attributes. The microstructure and chemical element distribution within the glasses were investigated with the aid of a scanning electron microscope and the electron diffraction spectroscopy, respectively, while the mass attenuation coefficients (MACs) and effective atomic number <span><math><mrow><msub><mi>Z</mi><mrow><mi>e</mi><mi>f</mi><mi>f</mi></mrow></msub></mrow></math></span> of the glasses were estimated using the EPICS2017 interaction cross-section database for 59–1332 keV photons. The introduction of TiO<sub>2</sub> increased the density and hardness and introduced changes in the microstructure of BNZ. The MACs of BNZ and BNZ-T decreased from 0.3604 to 0.0536 cm<sup>2</sup>/g and 0.3664 to 0.0534 cm<sup>2</sup>/g, respectively as energy of gamma rays increased. Also, <span><math><mrow><msub><mi>Z</mi><mrow><mi>e</mi><mi>f</mi><mi>f</mi></mrow></msub></mrow></math></span> decreased from 12.81 to 8.45 for BNZ and 12.85 to 8.39 for BNZ-T for the 59.54–1332.49 keV energy spectrum. The fast neutron removal ability <span><math><mrow><msub><mi>Σ</mi><mi>R</mi></msub><mspace></mspace><mo>(</mo></mrow></math></span> cm<sup>−1</sup>) of the glasses indicated that the introduction of TiO<sub>2</sub> to the structure of BNZ enhanced the ability of the glass to moderate fast neutrons by about 5%, but compromised the thermal neutron total cross section by 9%. The gamma-rays and neutron insulating properties of BNZ and BNZ-T compared well with traditional shielding substances within the investigated radiation energies. BNZ and BNZ-T glasses can be used as gamma and fast neutron radiation insulators, especially at photon energies used in medical applications.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":20861,"journal":{"name":"Radiation Physics and Chemistry","volume":"243 ","pages":"Article 113703"},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2026-02-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146152633","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2026-02-10DOI: 10.1016/j.radphyschem.2026.113702
Fereshte Saheli, Luka Pasariček, Marija Majer
Due to its close relationship with Relative Biological Effectiveness (RBE), accurate determination of average Linear Energy Transfer (LET) distribution is of high importance in radiation therapy.
{"title":"Multi-Parameter Comparison of LET Distribution Calculations in Proton Beams Using Geant4 and PHITS","authors":"Fereshte Saheli, Luka Pasariček, Marija Majer","doi":"10.1016/j.radphyschem.2026.113702","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.radphyschem.2026.113702","url":null,"abstract":"Due to its close relationship with Relative Biological Effectiveness (RBE), accurate determination of average Linear Energy Transfer (LET) distribution is of high importance in radiation therapy.","PeriodicalId":20861,"journal":{"name":"Radiation Physics and Chemistry","volume":"5 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2026-02-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146146242","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2026-02-10DOI: 10.1016/j.radphyschem.2026.113696
Arícia Ravane Pereira da Cruz , Lucas Delbem Albino , Ernesto Roesler , Claudio Castelo Branco Viegas , Gabriel Henrique Rocha Barreto de França , Josemary Angélica Corrêa Gonçalves , Carmen Cecília Bueno , Vinícius Saito Monteiro de Barros , Viviane Khoury Asfora
In radiotherapy practice, external dosimetry audits represent a valuable tool for identifying systematic errors, improving the quality and safety of treatments, and ensuring consistency in clinical dosimetry procedures. Despite their proven importance, many radiotherapy centers are still unable to access these audits, especially in resource-constrained settings. With this in mind, the present study aimed to validate an independent postal dosimetry audit service for photon radiotherapy, currently being developed at the Department of Nuclear Energy of Federal University of Pernambuco (DEN/UFPE), using alanine-EPR dosimeters. The proposed system features a structure designed to support six dosimeter holders simultaneously, allowing the evaluation of central-axis and off-axis dose, as well as quality index, flatness and symmetry of photon beams generated by linear accelerators. The system's performance was assessed by comparing measurements from the DEN/UFPE QA setup with results from the TLD-based dosimetry audit program of the Brazilian National Cancer Institute (PQRT/INCA) and with reference data obtained using a PTW 30013 ionization chamber under identical irradiation conditions. The interlaboratory comparison results demonstrated agreement among the systems, with dose deviations relative to the ionization chamber not exceeding 2.0% for the DEN/UFPE system and 1.9% for the PQRT/INCA system. Therefore, these findings provide robust evidence supporting the reliability, accuracy, and overall effectiveness of the proposed alanine-based postal dosimetry audit system, confirming its suitability for clinical implementation.
{"title":"Validation of an alanine-based postal dosimetry audit system for radiotherapy quality assurance","authors":"Arícia Ravane Pereira da Cruz , Lucas Delbem Albino , Ernesto Roesler , Claudio Castelo Branco Viegas , Gabriel Henrique Rocha Barreto de França , Josemary Angélica Corrêa Gonçalves , Carmen Cecília Bueno , Vinícius Saito Monteiro de Barros , Viviane Khoury Asfora","doi":"10.1016/j.radphyschem.2026.113696","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.radphyschem.2026.113696","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>In radiotherapy practice, external dosimetry audits represent a valuable tool for identifying systematic errors, improving the quality and safety of treatments, and ensuring consistency in clinical dosimetry procedures. Despite their proven importance, many radiotherapy centers are still unable to access these audits, especially in resource-constrained settings. With this in mind, the present study aimed to validate an independent postal dosimetry audit service for photon radiotherapy, currently being developed at the Department of Nuclear Energy of Federal University of Pernambuco (DEN/UFPE), using alanine-EPR dosimeters. The proposed system features a structure designed to support six dosimeter holders simultaneously, allowing the evaluation of central-axis and off-axis dose, as well as quality index, flatness and symmetry of photon beams generated by linear accelerators. The system's performance was assessed by comparing measurements from the DEN/UFPE QA setup with results from the TLD-based dosimetry audit program of the Brazilian National Cancer Institute (PQRT/INCA) and with reference data obtained using a PTW 30013 ionization chamber under identical irradiation conditions. The interlaboratory comparison results demonstrated agreement among the systems, with dose deviations relative to the ionization chamber not exceeding 2.0% for the DEN/UFPE system and 1.9% for the PQRT/INCA system. Therefore, these findings provide robust evidence supporting the reliability, accuracy, and overall effectiveness of the proposed alanine-based postal dosimetry audit system, confirming its suitability for clinical implementation.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":20861,"journal":{"name":"Radiation Physics and Chemistry","volume":"243 ","pages":"Article 113696"},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2026-02-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146146247","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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