Pub Date : 2024-12-30DOI: 10.1016/j.radphyschem.2024.112499
Morad Kh Hamad
In this study, a system of four glass samples was fabricated, using the conventional melt-quenching technique, for potential use in shielding against ionizing radiation. Different attenuation parameters were evaluated and studies using Phy-X software in the energy range of 15 keV to 1 MeV. These parameters included the linear attenuation coefficient (μ), mean-free path, half-value layer, radiation protection efficiency (RPE%), specific dose constant (Γ), and dose rate measured in Roentgens per hour. The results indicate that upon substitution of PbO and ZnO on the B2O3 site, an enhancement in the attenuation properties was observed. For instance, at 0.02 MeV, μ rises from 76.867 cm−1 with mass density ρ=3.8g/cm3 for BZnPb05 sample to 220.21407 cm−1 with ρ=5.333g/cm3 for BZnPb20 sample. In addition, at lower energy levels (0.015–0.1 MeV), RPE remains consistently high (close to 100%), indicating strong shielding capability. On the other hand, SRIM code was used to evaluate the stopping power and the range of charged particles such as protons and alpha particles as they projected into the glass materials across different energy levels. Protons show a substantial charge collection effect at energies below 0.09 MeV, while alpha particles demonstrate a similar effect around 0.7 MeV. In addition, protons exhibit greater range compared to alpha particles, attributed to the latter's higher mass and charge, resulting in more significant energy dissipation within materials they traverse. The investigated glass samples in this study can be nominated as radiation shielding materials based on acquired results.
{"title":"Enhancing ionizing radiation shielding properties with PbO and ZnO substitutions in B2O3–BaO–TiO2 novel glass system","authors":"Morad Kh Hamad","doi":"10.1016/j.radphyschem.2024.112499","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.radphyschem.2024.112499","url":null,"abstract":"In this study, a system of four glass samples was fabricated, using the conventional melt-quenching technique, for potential use in shielding against ionizing radiation. Different attenuation parameters were evaluated and studies using Phy-X software in the energy range of 15 keV to 1 MeV. These parameters included the linear attenuation coefficient (<mml:math altimg=\"si1.svg\"><mml:mrow><mml:mi>μ</mml:mi></mml:mrow></mml:math>), mean-free path, half-value layer, radiation protection efficiency (RPE%), specific dose constant (Γ), and dose rate measured in Roentgens per hour. The results indicate that upon substitution of PbO and ZnO on the B<ce:inf loc=\"post\">2</ce:inf>O<ce:inf loc=\"post\">3</ce:inf> site, an enhancement in the attenuation properties was observed. For instance, at 0.02 MeV, <mml:math altimg=\"si1.svg\"><mml:mrow><mml:mi>μ</mml:mi></mml:mrow></mml:math> rises from 76.867 cm<ce:sup loc=\"post\">−1</ce:sup> with mass density <mml:math altimg=\"si2.svg\"><mml:mrow><mml:mi>ρ</mml:mi><mml:mo linebreak=\"goodbreak\" linebreakstyle=\"after\">=</mml:mo><mml:mn>3.8</mml:mn><mml:mspace width=\"0.25em\"></mml:mspace><mml:mi>g</mml:mi><mml:mo linebreak=\"goodbreak\" linebreakstyle=\"after\">/</mml:mo><mml:mi>c</mml:mi><mml:msup><mml:mi>m</mml:mi><mml:mn>3</mml:mn></mml:msup></mml:mrow></mml:math> for BZnPb05 sample to 220.21407 cm<ce:sup loc=\"post\">−1</ce:sup> with <mml:math altimg=\"si3.svg\"><mml:mrow><mml:mi>ρ</mml:mi><mml:mo linebreak=\"goodbreak\" linebreakstyle=\"after\">=</mml:mo><mml:mn>5.333</mml:mn><mml:mspace width=\"0.25em\"></mml:mspace><mml:mi>g</mml:mi><mml:mo linebreak=\"goodbreak\" linebreakstyle=\"after\">/</mml:mo><mml:mi>c</mml:mi><mml:msup><mml:mi>m</mml:mi><mml:mn>3</mml:mn></mml:msup></mml:mrow></mml:math> for BZnPb20 sample. In addition, at lower energy levels (0.015–0.1 MeV), RPE remains consistently high (close to 100%), indicating strong shielding capability. On the other hand, SRIM code was used to evaluate the stopping power and the range of charged particles such as protons and alpha particles as they projected into the glass materials across different energy levels. Protons show a substantial charge collection effect at energies below 0.09 MeV, while alpha particles demonstrate a similar effect around 0.7 MeV. In addition, protons exhibit greater range compared to alpha particles, attributed to the latter's higher mass and charge, resulting in more significant energy dissipation within materials they traverse. The investigated glass samples in this study can be nominated as radiation shielding materials based on acquired results.","PeriodicalId":20861,"journal":{"name":"Radiation Physics and Chemistry","volume":"126 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2024-12-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142925300","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-12-30DOI: 10.1016/j.radphyschem.2024.112500
Norah Salem Alsaiari, Sultan J. Alsufyani, Z.A. Alrowaili, Canel Eke, Chahkrit Sriwunkum, M.S. Al-Buriahi
This paper investigates the radiation attenuation density independent parameters of gallium silicate glass system containing three other oxides namely SrCO3, Nb2O5, and Dy2O3. The theoretical results of the mass attenuation factor (μm) for the chemical composition for each studied specimen are directly obtained through NIST database with the XCOM program. Based on the values of MAC, we calculate different parameters, that are density independent, such as effective atomic number (Zeff). Furthermore, different density independent factors, such as equivalent atomic number (Zeq), specific gamma ray constant (Γ), gamma dose rate (Dr) and buildup factors are determined for gallium silicate glass system containing SrCO3, Nb2O5, and Dy2O3. It is found that the μm values of the SSNGD-C glass with 6 mol% of Dy2O3 content are the highest whereas they are the lowest for SSNGD-A with 2 mol% of Dy2O3 content. The Zeq is maximum at 0.8 MeV and it is minimum at 0.015 MeV. This factor, Zeq, increases with increment of Dy2O3. The nuclear shielding ability and performance of the studied glassy system show a high and acceptance performance as compared to several commercial systems that suggested previously as reliable sidelining against radiation.
{"title":"Radiation attenuation, dose rate and buildup factors of gallium silicate glass system for nuclear shielding applications","authors":"Norah Salem Alsaiari, Sultan J. Alsufyani, Z.A. Alrowaili, Canel Eke, Chahkrit Sriwunkum, M.S. Al-Buriahi","doi":"10.1016/j.radphyschem.2024.112500","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.radphyschem.2024.112500","url":null,"abstract":"This paper investigates the radiation attenuation density independent parameters of gallium silicate glass system containing three other oxides namely SrCO<ce:inf loc=\"post\">3</ce:inf>, Nb<ce:inf loc=\"post\">2</ce:inf>O<ce:inf loc=\"post\">5</ce:inf>, and Dy<ce:inf loc=\"post\">2</ce:inf>O<ce:inf loc=\"post\">3</ce:inf>. The theoretical results of the mass attenuation factor (μ<ce:inf loc=\"post\">m</ce:inf>) for the chemical composition for each studied specimen are directly obtained through NIST database with the XCOM program. Based on the values of MAC, we calculate different parameters, that are density independent, such as effective atomic number (Z<ce:inf loc=\"post\">eff</ce:inf>). Furthermore, different density independent factors, such as equivalent atomic number (<ce:italic>Z</ce:italic><ce:inf loc=\"post\">eq</ce:inf>), specific gamma ray constant (Γ), gamma dose rate (<ce:italic>D</ce:italic><ce:inf loc=\"post\">r</ce:inf>) and buildup factors are determined for gallium silicate glass system containing SrCO<ce:inf loc=\"post\">3</ce:inf>, Nb<ce:inf loc=\"post\">2</ce:inf>O<ce:inf loc=\"post\">5</ce:inf>, and Dy<ce:inf loc=\"post\">2</ce:inf>O<ce:inf loc=\"post\">3</ce:inf>. It is found that the μ<ce:inf loc=\"post\">m</ce:inf> values of the SSNGD-C glass with 6 mol% of Dy<ce:inf loc=\"post\">2</ce:inf>O<ce:inf loc=\"post\">3</ce:inf> content are the highest whereas they are the lowest for SSNGD-A with 2 mol% of Dy<ce:inf loc=\"post\">2</ce:inf>O<ce:inf loc=\"post\">3</ce:inf> content. The <ce:italic>Z</ce:italic><ce:inf loc=\"post\">eq</ce:inf> is maximum at 0.8 MeV and it is minimum at 0.015 MeV. This factor, <ce:italic>Z</ce:italic><ce:inf loc=\"post\">eq</ce:inf>, increases with increment of Dy<ce:inf loc=\"post\">2</ce:inf>O<ce:inf loc=\"post\">3</ce:inf>. The nuclear shielding ability and performance of the studied glassy system show a high and acceptance performance as compared to several commercial systems that suggested previously as reliable sidelining against radiation.","PeriodicalId":20861,"journal":{"name":"Radiation Physics and Chemistry","volume":"15 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2024-12-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142925299","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-12-30DOI: 10.1016/j.radphyschem.2024.112503
Albandari W. Alrowaily, Aljawhara H. Almuqrin, M.I. Sayyed, B. Albarzan
This work investigates the radiation shielding properties of newly developed borate doped glasses incorporating varying contents of BaO, PbO2 and Y2O3. The prepared glasses' radiation shielding properties were investigated in the 0.0359–1.46 MeV energy range, which corresponds to the Eu-152 source-emitted energies. At 0.0359 MeV, the free Y2O3 glass sample's mass attenuation coefficient (MAC) is 10.475 cm2/g, while it is 11.958 cm2/g for the glass with 3 mol% Y2O3, indicating that the MAC increases with the increment in Y2O3 content. All the prepared glasses' MACs show a strong radiation energy dependence, with the MAC being high at the low energy range and small at the high energy range. The prepared glasses' linear attenuation coefficient (LAC) results demonstrated that BaO, PbO2 and Y2O3 addition causes improved radiation shielding performance. The LAC is also affected by the photon energy, where the LAC between 0.0395 and 0.122 MeV decreases by a factor of 7.9 for the free-Y2O3 glass sample, while it decreases by a factor of 8.09, 8.2, and 8.4 for the glasses with 1, 2, and 3 mol% Y2O3. The effective atomic number (Zeff) results showed that the 26BaO–18PbO2–55B2O3–3Y2O3 composed glass has a higher atomic number then the other prepared glasses and accordingly has better radiation shielding ability than the remaining glasses in this work.
{"title":"Investigation of radiation shielding properties in BaO–PbO2–B2O3–Y2O3 under Eu-152 radiation","authors":"Albandari W. Alrowaily, Aljawhara H. Almuqrin, M.I. Sayyed, B. Albarzan","doi":"10.1016/j.radphyschem.2024.112503","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.radphyschem.2024.112503","url":null,"abstract":"This work investigates the radiation shielding properties of newly developed borate doped glasses incorporating varying contents of BaO, PbO<ce:inf loc=\"post\">2</ce:inf> and Y<ce:inf loc=\"post\">2</ce:inf>O<ce:inf loc=\"post\">3</ce:inf>. The prepared glasses' radiation shielding properties were investigated in the 0.0359–1.46 MeV energy range, which corresponds to the Eu-152 source-emitted energies. At 0.0359 MeV, the free Y<ce:inf loc=\"post\">2</ce:inf>O<ce:inf loc=\"post\">3</ce:inf> glass sample's mass attenuation coefficient (MAC) is 10.475 cm<ce:sup loc=\"post\">2</ce:sup>/g, while it is 11.958 cm<ce:sup loc=\"post\">2</ce:sup>/g for the glass with 3 mol% Y<ce:inf loc=\"post\">2</ce:inf>O<ce:inf loc=\"post\">3</ce:inf>, indicating that the MAC increases with the increment in Y<ce:inf loc=\"post\">2</ce:inf>O<ce:inf loc=\"post\">3</ce:inf> content. All the prepared glasses' MACs show a strong radiation energy dependence, with the MAC being high at the low energy range and small at the high energy range. The prepared glasses' linear attenuation coefficient (LAC) results demonstrated that BaO, PbO<ce:inf loc=\"post\">2</ce:inf> and Y<ce:inf loc=\"post\">2</ce:inf>O<ce:inf loc=\"post\">3</ce:inf> addition causes improved radiation shielding performance. The LAC is also affected by the photon energy, where the LAC between 0.0395 and 0.122 MeV decreases by a factor of 7.9 for the free-Y2O3 glass sample, while it decreases by a factor of 8.09, 8.2, and 8.4 for the glasses with 1, 2, and 3 mol% Y<ce:inf loc=\"post\">2</ce:inf>O<ce:inf loc=\"post\">3</ce:inf>. The effective atomic number (Z<ce:inf loc=\"post\">eff</ce:inf>) results showed that the 26BaO–18PbO<ce:inf loc=\"post\">2</ce:inf>–55B<ce:inf loc=\"post\">2</ce:inf>O<ce:inf loc=\"post\">3</ce:inf>–3Y<ce:inf loc=\"post\">2</ce:inf>O<ce:inf loc=\"post\">3</ce:inf> composed glass has a higher atomic number then the other prepared glasses and accordingly has better radiation shielding ability than the remaining glasses in this work.","PeriodicalId":20861,"journal":{"name":"Radiation Physics and Chemistry","volume":"114 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2024-12-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142929286","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-12-29DOI: 10.1016/j.radphyschem.2024.112501
Jamila S. Alzahrani, Sultan J. Alsufyani, Z.A. Alrowaili, I.O. Olarinoye, Halil Arslan, Mine Kırkbınar, M.S. Al-Buriahi
Radiation shielding is one major and most effective radiation control measures that is adopted in all radiation facilities. Concrete is a traditional shielding material whose applications has remained popular even in modern nuclear radiation control. The nature of additive(s) is important in modifying the shielding efficacy of geopolymer paste and by extension concrete samples. This research, focuses on the influence of yttria (Y2O3) on the physical, mechanical, and (electrons (e-), protons (p+), alpha particles (α), heavy carbon (C) ions, and fast neutrons) radiation shielding properties of geopolymer (GEO) made from metakaolin. Three batches of the GEO-Y2O3 composite were prepared containing 0, 10%, and 20%, by weight of Y2O3. The densities of the samples were calculated as 2.28, 2.52 and 2.37 g/cm3, while the estimated hardness values were 603, 664 and 649 HV for GEO, GEO-10Y and GEO-20Y samples, respectively. The characteristics cristobalite and mullite peaks of SiO2 observed in the spectrum of GEO was conserved in the Y2O3-doped GEO samples. Comparatively, the stopping powers of e−, p+, α, and C in the GEO-xY follow the order: GEO > GEO-10Y > GEO-20Y At 15 MeV, the value of the projected range in GEO, GEO-10Y, and GEO-20Y is 1410 μm, 1470 μm, and 1610 μm for p+; 128.62 μm, 140.33 μm, and 154.55 μm for α; and 13.83 μm, 15.27 μm, and 16.86 μm for C, respectively. The value of ΣR for GEO, GEO-10Y, and GEO-20Y is 0.07495 cm−1, 0.06522 cm−1, and 0.05880 cm−1, respectively. An optimum concentration of 10 wt% of Y2O3 improved the density and hardness of the geopolymer, why the effect of yttria on the shielding behavior of the geopolymer varies with radiation quality. Yttria-doped geopolymer can be used to produce effective particle or fast neutron shielding mortar or concrete.
{"title":"Fabrication and characterization of geopolymer-Y2O3 composites: Microstructure, charged particles and neutron shielding properties","authors":"Jamila S. Alzahrani, Sultan J. Alsufyani, Z.A. Alrowaili, I.O. Olarinoye, Halil Arslan, Mine Kırkbınar, M.S. Al-Buriahi","doi":"10.1016/j.radphyschem.2024.112501","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.radphyschem.2024.112501","url":null,"abstract":"Radiation shielding is one major and most effective radiation control measures that is adopted in all radiation facilities. Concrete is a traditional shielding material whose applications has remained popular even in modern nuclear radiation control. The nature of additive(s) is important in modifying the shielding efficacy of geopolymer paste and by extension concrete samples. This research, focuses on the influence of yttria (Y<ce:inf loc=\"post\">2</ce:inf>O<ce:inf loc=\"post\">3</ce:inf>) on the physical, mechanical, and (electrons (<ce:italic>e</ce:italic><ce:sup loc=\"post\"><ce:italic>-</ce:italic></ce:sup>), protons (<ce:italic>p</ce:italic><ce:sup loc=\"post\"><ce:italic>+</ce:italic></ce:sup>), alpha particles (α), heavy carbon (C) ions, and fast neutrons) radiation shielding properties of geopolymer (GEO) made from metakaolin. Three batches of the GEO-Y<ce:inf loc=\"post\">2</ce:inf>O<ce:inf loc=\"post\">3</ce:inf> composite were prepared containing 0, 10%, and 20%, by weight of Y<ce:inf loc=\"post\">2</ce:inf>O<ce:inf loc=\"post\">3</ce:inf>. The densities of the samples were calculated as 2.28, 2.52 and 2.37 g/cm<ce:sup loc=\"post\">3</ce:sup>, while the estimated hardness values were 603, 664 and 649 HV for GEO, GEO-10Y and GEO-20Y samples, respectively. The characteristics cristobalite and mullite peaks of SiO<ce:inf loc=\"post\">2</ce:inf> observed in the spectrum of GEO was conserved in the Y<ce:inf loc=\"post\">2</ce:inf>O<ce:inf loc=\"post\">3</ce:inf>-doped GEO samples. Comparatively, the stopping powers of e−, p+, α, and C in the GEO-<ce:italic>x</ce:italic>Y follow the order: GEO > GEO-10Y > GEO-20Y At 15 MeV, the value of the projected range in GEO, GEO-10Y, and GEO-20Y is 1410 μm, 1470 μm, and 1610 μm for p+; 128.62 μm, 140.33 μm, and 154.55 μm for α; and 13.83 μm, 15.27 μm, and 16.86 μm for C, respectively. The value of <mml:math altimg=\"si1.svg\"><mml:mrow><mml:msub><mml:mi mathvariant=\"normal\">Σ</mml:mi><mml:mi>R</mml:mi></mml:msub></mml:mrow></mml:math> for GEO, GEO-10Y, and GEO-20Y is 0.07495 cm<ce:sup loc=\"post\">−1</ce:sup>, 0.06522 cm<ce:sup loc=\"post\">−1</ce:sup>, and 0.05880 cm<ce:sup loc=\"post\">−1</ce:sup>, respectively. An optimum concentration of 10 wt% of Y<ce:inf loc=\"post\">2</ce:inf>O<ce:inf loc=\"post\">3</ce:inf> improved the density and hardness of the geopolymer, why the effect of yttria on the shielding behavior of the geopolymer varies with radiation quality. Yttria-doped geopolymer can be used to produce effective particle or fast neutron shielding mortar or concrete.","PeriodicalId":20861,"journal":{"name":"Radiation Physics and Chemistry","volume":"14 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2024-12-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142925316","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-12-28DOI: 10.1016/j.radphyschem.2024.112493
Ru Xue Bai, Hong Xia Guo, Hong Zhang, Feng Qi Zhang, Wu Ying Ma, Xiao Ping Ouyang, Xiang Li Zhong
The microphysical mechanism of the proton-induced single-event burnout (SEB) effect in P-GaN power devices was investigated by experiments and simulations. The experiment results show that when the proton energy is 100 MeV and the proton fluence reaches 1.38 × 1011 p·cm−2, the device with the bias voltage of 600 V appears SEB. The transport and deposition processes of particles in the failure event were simulated using Monte Carlo and TCAD methods. The simulation results show that the nuclear reaction of protons with the device material leads to the generation of secondary particles with different Linear Energy Transfer (LET) values, and the secondary particles will have an ionization effect and induce many electron-hole pairs. Under the action of the electric field, electrons are rapidly collected at the drain electrode, and holes accumulate under the gate. The accumulation of charge under the gate lowers the potential barrier, producing the bipolar effect and the back-channel effect. These two effects drive more electrons toward the drain, leading to a large current breakdown. Notably, the additional electric field significantly impacts the occurrence of SEB.
{"title":"Proton irradiation induced single-event burnout effect in P-GaN power devices","authors":"Ru Xue Bai, Hong Xia Guo, Hong Zhang, Feng Qi Zhang, Wu Ying Ma, Xiao Ping Ouyang, Xiang Li Zhong","doi":"10.1016/j.radphyschem.2024.112493","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.radphyschem.2024.112493","url":null,"abstract":"The microphysical mechanism of the proton-induced single-event burnout (SEB) effect in P-GaN power devices was investigated by experiments and simulations. The experiment results show that when the proton energy is 100 MeV and the proton fluence reaches 1.38 × 10<ce:sup loc=\"post\">11</ce:sup> p·cm<ce:sup loc=\"post\">−2</ce:sup>, the device with the bias voltage of 600 V appears SEB. The transport and deposition processes of particles in the failure event were simulated using Monte Carlo and TCAD methods. The simulation results show that the nuclear reaction of protons with the device material leads to the generation of secondary particles with different Linear Energy Transfer (LET) values, and the secondary particles will have an ionization effect and induce many electron-hole pairs. Under the action of the electric field, electrons are rapidly collected at the drain electrode, and holes accumulate under the gate. The accumulation of charge under the gate lowers the potential barrier, producing the bipolar effect and the back-channel effect. These two effects drive more electrons toward the drain, leading to a large current breakdown. Notably, the additional electric field significantly impacts the occurrence of SEB.","PeriodicalId":20861,"journal":{"name":"Radiation Physics and Chemistry","volume":"17 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2024-12-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142925329","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-12-28DOI: 10.1016/j.radphyschem.2024.112492
Demet Yılmaz, Abdul Fatah Pathman, Sedanur Kalecik, Yakup Kurucu, Tuba Ö. Özer
Lanthanides, a group of rare earth elements, have attracted considerable attention due to their unique properties and valuable applications. In this study, the albedo parameters of three distinct groups of lanthanide compounds (Cerium, Gadolinium, and Samarium) were investigated using 661.62 keV gamma radiation emitted from a137Cs radioactive source and a high purity germanium detector in backscattering geometry. Additionally, the mass attenuation coefficients of lanthanide compounds were examined in absorption geometry. It was found that Cerium III fluoride, Gadolinium III sulfate, and Samarium III sulfate exhibit the highest albedo numbers among the lanthanide compounds. Furthermore, an exponential relationship between albedo values and mass attenuation coefficients was observed. This study concludes that molecular groups attached to the same atom can influence the photon scattering properties.
{"title":"Albedo factors at 661.62 keV for several lanthanide compounds","authors":"Demet Yılmaz, Abdul Fatah Pathman, Sedanur Kalecik, Yakup Kurucu, Tuba Ö. Özer","doi":"10.1016/j.radphyschem.2024.112492","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.radphyschem.2024.112492","url":null,"abstract":"Lanthanides, a group of rare earth elements, have attracted considerable attention due to their unique properties and valuable applications. In this study, the albedo parameters of three distinct groups of lanthanide compounds (Cerium, Gadolinium, and Samarium) were investigated using 661.62 keV gamma radiation emitted from a<ce:sup loc=\"post\">137</ce:sup>Cs radioactive source and a high purity germanium detector in backscattering geometry. Additionally, the mass attenuation coefficients of lanthanide compounds were examined in absorption geometry. It was found that Cerium III fluoride, Gadolinium III sulfate, and Samarium III sulfate exhibit the highest albedo numbers among the lanthanide compounds. Furthermore, an exponential relationship between albedo values and mass attenuation coefficients was observed. This study concludes that molecular groups attached to the same atom can influence the photon scattering properties.","PeriodicalId":20861,"journal":{"name":"Radiation Physics and Chemistry","volume":"20 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2024-12-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142925318","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-12-27DOI: 10.1016/j.radphyschem.2024.112489
Sepideh Yazdani-Darki, Mohammad Eslami-Kalantari, Hakimeh Zare, Ahmad Ramazani-MoghaddamArani
This study has been devoted to investigating the radiation shielding performance of Poly(vinyl chloride)-based nanostructures lead oxide (PbO) and tungsten oxide (WO3) reinforced composites. The scanning electron microscopy (SEM) images depicted the particle size and morphology of nanostructures such as PbO nanorods and WO3 nanoparticles. X-ray diffraction (XRD) results demonstrated a successful fabrication of a hybrid nanocomposite. The gamma-ray spectroscopy experiments have been carried out using a NaI(Tl) scintillation detector and Cs-137, Co- 60, and AM-241 sources and X-ray. The different weight percentages of each by mass were 5, 10, 20, 30, and 40 wt %, of mixed composite (35, 30, 20, 10, 5 wt % WO3 + 5, 10, 20, 30, 35 wt % PbO). The mass attenuation coefficients of the investigated composites were measured as a function of gamma-ray energies and X-rays utilizing standard radioactive sources. Increasing the PbO or WO3 nanostructures' weight percentages in the nanocomposites leads to increased radiation attenuation. Based on the results, the best radiation attenuation, the optimal half-value layer, the tenth value layer, and the mean free path were for PVC/WO3 5% + 35% PbO and PVC/WO3 10% + 30% PbO hybrid nanocomposite for Am-241, Cs-137, Co-60, and X-ray that replaced hybrid nanocomposite PVC/PbO 40%.
{"title":"Preparation and structural characterization of PbO and WO3-PVC hybrid nanocomposites for gamma-ray radiation shielding","authors":"Sepideh Yazdani-Darki, Mohammad Eslami-Kalantari, Hakimeh Zare, Ahmad Ramazani-MoghaddamArani","doi":"10.1016/j.radphyschem.2024.112489","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.radphyschem.2024.112489","url":null,"abstract":"This study has been devoted to investigating the radiation shielding performance of Poly(vinyl chloride)-based nanostructures lead oxide (PbO) and tungsten oxide (WO<ce:inf loc=\"post\">3</ce:inf>) reinforced composites. The scanning electron microscopy (SEM) images depicted the particle size and morphology of nanostructures such as PbO nanorods and WO<ce:inf loc=\"post\">3</ce:inf> nanoparticles. X-ray diffraction (XRD) results demonstrated a successful fabrication of a hybrid nanocomposite. The gamma-ray spectroscopy experiments have been carried out using a NaI(Tl) scintillation detector and Cs-137, Co- 60, and AM-241 sources and X-ray. The different weight percentages of each by mass were 5, 10, 20, 30, and 40 wt %, of mixed composite (35, 30, 20, 10, 5 wt % WO<ce:inf loc=\"post\">3</ce:inf> + 5, 10, 20, 30, 35 wt % PbO). The mass attenuation coefficients of the investigated composites were measured as a function of gamma-ray energies and X-rays utilizing standard radioactive sources. Increasing the PbO or WO<ce:inf loc=\"post\">3</ce:inf> nanostructures' weight percentages in the nanocomposites leads to increased radiation attenuation. Based on the results, the best radiation attenuation, the optimal half-value layer, the tenth value layer, and the mean free path were for PVC/WO<ce:inf loc=\"post\">3</ce:inf> 5% + 35% PbO and PVC/WO<ce:inf loc=\"post\">3</ce:inf> 10% + 30% PbO hybrid nanocomposite for Am-241, Cs-137, Co-60, and X-ray that replaced hybrid nanocomposite PVC/PbO 40%.","PeriodicalId":20861,"journal":{"name":"Radiation Physics and Chemistry","volume":"37 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2024-12-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142925321","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-12-27DOI: 10.1016/j.radphyschem.2024.112494
Ayysha Shihab Ahmed, Taiseer Abdul-kader Saleh, Hamid J. Mohammad, Amer Adnan Hasan, Suror A. Mahdi, Zamzam Alhuwaymil, Sohad A. Alshareef, Ayad T. Mahmood, Mohammed H. Al-Mashhadani
Herein, we have designed and introduced novel fluorescent molecule as photo stabilizer of poly(lactic acid). This work is presenting a novel approach using Donor-Acceptor-Donor (D-A-D) molecules synthesized through a one-step procedure. The D-A-D moiety demonstrates remarkable photo-stabilization capabilities for PLA films. Characterization techniques including 1H NMR, 13C NMR, FTIR, spectroscopies and SEM patterns confirm the successful synthesis of the D-A-D molecule and its efficient blended into PLA films. Interestingly, Ultraviolet (UV) and photoluminescence (PL) measurements reveal the D-A-D molecule's ability to absorb UV light and emit fluorescent green light, indicative of its photo-stabilization mechanism. Further analysis elucidates the interaction between the D-A-D molecule and the PLA polymer backbone, ensuring a homogenous distribution of the stabilizer within the film matrix and enhancing overall stability. The proposed mechanism involves the D-A-D molecule effectively absorb UV light generated during photo-degradation and emits it as visible green light without harming the chemical structure of PLA film. Our findings underscore the potential of D-A-D molecules as versatile photo-stabilizers for PLA and highlight their broader implications for sustainable material applications. This study contributes to the advancement of PLA film stability and opens doors for the development of innovative stabilization strategies depending on organic electronic principles. Future research could explore multifunctional applications of D-A-D molecules, including sensor materials and other applications.
{"title":"New generation photo-stabilizer strategies of Poly(lactic acid), donor-acceptor-donor segment as a fluorescent additive","authors":"Ayysha Shihab Ahmed, Taiseer Abdul-kader Saleh, Hamid J. Mohammad, Amer Adnan Hasan, Suror A. Mahdi, Zamzam Alhuwaymil, Sohad A. Alshareef, Ayad T. Mahmood, Mohammed H. Al-Mashhadani","doi":"10.1016/j.radphyschem.2024.112494","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.radphyschem.2024.112494","url":null,"abstract":"Herein, we have designed and introduced novel fluorescent molecule as photo stabilizer of poly(lactic acid). This work is presenting a novel approach using Donor-Acceptor-Donor (D-A-D) molecules synthesized through a one-step procedure. The D-A-D moiety demonstrates remarkable photo-stabilization capabilities for PLA films. Characterization techniques including <ce:sup loc=\"post\">1</ce:sup>H NMR, <ce:sup loc=\"post\">13</ce:sup>C NMR, FTIR, spectroscopies and SEM patterns confirm the successful synthesis of the D-A-D molecule and its efficient blended into PLA films. Interestingly, Ultraviolet (UV) and photoluminescence (PL) measurements reveal the D-A-D molecule's ability to absorb UV light and emit fluorescent green light, indicative of its photo-stabilization mechanism. Further analysis elucidates the interaction between the D-A-D molecule and the PLA polymer backbone, ensuring a homogenous distribution of the stabilizer within the film matrix and enhancing overall stability. The proposed mechanism involves the D-A-D molecule effectively absorb UV light generated during photo-degradation and emits it as visible green light without harming the chemical structure of PLA film. Our findings underscore the potential of D-A-D molecules as versatile photo-stabilizers for PLA and highlight their broader implications for sustainable material applications. This study contributes to the advancement of PLA film stability and opens doors for the development of innovative stabilization strategies depending on organic electronic principles. Future research could explore multifunctional applications of D-A-D molecules, including sensor materials and other applications.","PeriodicalId":20861,"journal":{"name":"Radiation Physics and Chemistry","volume":"98 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2024-12-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142925319","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-12-27DOI: 10.1016/j.radphyschem.2024.112491
Simone Sala, Karin Rengefors, Jenni Kiventerä, Minna Patanen, Lina Gefors, Christian Werdinius, Sofia Winge, Karin Broberg, Sebastian Kalbfleisch, Kajsa Sigfridsson Clauss
X-ray fluorescence emission spectroscopy is a powerful tool to gain chemical information on a wide variety of samples. Its combination with focused X-ray beams and translation stages enables X-ray fluorescence microscopy, generating quantitative distribution maps for sets of chemical elements, depending on incident photon energy and detector specifications. The use of synchrotron radiation for X-ray fluorescence microscopy has led to unprecedented performance: with the advent of 4th generation synchrotron facilities such as MAX IV, the increase of the achievable incident photon flux has made higher sensitivity and measuring speed possible, while new nanofocus capabilities have enabled nanoscale spatial resolution. Here, an overview of recent and ongoing research is presented from selected two-dimensional X-ray fluorescence microscopy experiments carried out at NanoMAX, the hard X-ray nanoprobe beamline at MAX IV. Results showcase the technique's versatility, as it is applied to microalgae, human dental tissue and engineered materials.
{"title":"Applications of X-ray fluorescence microscopy with synchrotron radiation: From biology to materials science","authors":"Simone Sala, Karin Rengefors, Jenni Kiventerä, Minna Patanen, Lina Gefors, Christian Werdinius, Sofia Winge, Karin Broberg, Sebastian Kalbfleisch, Kajsa Sigfridsson Clauss","doi":"10.1016/j.radphyschem.2024.112491","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.radphyschem.2024.112491","url":null,"abstract":"X-ray fluorescence emission spectroscopy is a powerful tool to gain chemical information on a wide variety of samples. Its combination with focused X-ray beams and translation stages enables X-ray fluorescence microscopy, generating quantitative distribution maps for sets of chemical elements, depending on incident photon energy and detector specifications. The use of synchrotron radiation for X-ray fluorescence microscopy has led to unprecedented performance: with the advent of 4th generation synchrotron facilities such as MAX IV, the increase of the achievable incident photon flux has made higher sensitivity and measuring speed possible, while new nanofocus capabilities have enabled nanoscale spatial resolution. Here, an overview of recent and ongoing research is presented from selected two-dimensional X-ray fluorescence microscopy experiments carried out at NanoMAX, the hard X-ray nanoprobe beamline at MAX IV. Results showcase the technique's versatility, as it is applied to microalgae, human dental tissue and engineered materials.","PeriodicalId":20861,"journal":{"name":"Radiation Physics and Chemistry","volume":"2 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2024-12-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142925320","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-12-24DOI: 10.1016/j.radphyschem.2024.112486
Zhixiao Lian, Xiayan Cao, Yuying Li, Yang Yang, Xueyan Zhao, Shichun Li, Chunhua Zhu, Yu Liu
This study explores the impact of γ-rays on the aggregation structure and mechanical properties of poly(vinylidene fluoride-chlorotrifluoroethylene) (P(VDF-CTFE)) copolymer. γ-Irradiation altered the polymer's aggregation structure, leading to notable changes in mechanical performance. FT-IR and NMR analysis confirmed dehalogenation and oxidation reactions upon irradiation, which triggered structural alterations. High doses promoted crosslinking, evidenced by gelation in ethyl acetate, accompanied by molecular weight reduction due to degradation. Tensile tests revealed increased strength and decreased fracture strain with irradiation, attributed to a stable crosslinking network inhibiting crystallization and influencing polymer orientation, as observed by SAXS, DSC, and TGA showed decreased thermal stability post-irradiation. Our findings highlight the interaction between the structural changes caused by γ-rays and the macroscopic mechanical properties of P(VDF-CTFE), provide insights into the modification of polymers by γ-rays, and provide information for the application of materials science.
{"title":"Gamma irradiation-induced structural evolution and mechanical response of P(VDF-CTFE) copolymer","authors":"Zhixiao Lian, Xiayan Cao, Yuying Li, Yang Yang, Xueyan Zhao, Shichun Li, Chunhua Zhu, Yu Liu","doi":"10.1016/j.radphyschem.2024.112486","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.radphyschem.2024.112486","url":null,"abstract":"This study explores the impact of γ-rays on the aggregation structure and mechanical properties of poly(vinylidene fluoride-chlorotrifluoroethylene) (P(VDF-CTFE)) copolymer. γ-Irradiation altered the polymer's aggregation structure, leading to notable changes in mechanical performance. FT-IR and NMR analysis confirmed dehalogenation and oxidation reactions upon irradiation, which triggered structural alterations. High doses promoted crosslinking, evidenced by gelation in ethyl acetate, accompanied by molecular weight reduction due to degradation. Tensile tests revealed increased strength and decreased fracture strain with irradiation, attributed to a stable crosslinking network inhibiting crystallization and influencing polymer orientation, as observed by SAXS, DSC, and TGA showed decreased thermal stability post-irradiation. Our findings highlight the interaction between the structural changes caused by γ-rays and the macroscopic mechanical properties of P(VDF-CTFE), provide insights into the modification of polymers by γ-rays, and provide information for the application of materials science.","PeriodicalId":20861,"journal":{"name":"Radiation Physics and Chemistry","volume":"96 4 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2024-12-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142889187","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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