X. Zhang, Y. Li, J. Yang, X. Ma, X. Jia, A. L. Li, P. Du
This study aimed to evaluate the compatibility of L. acidophilus KLDS 1.0738 (LA-1.0738) with different prebiotic carbohydrates to develop a synbiotic soft soy cheese. It was observed that the addition of 4% (m/v) prebiotics mixture (galacto-oligosaccharide:inulin = 1:3) to soy cheese significantly improved the growth of LA-1.0738, making it no less than 8.2 log colony-forming unit (CFU)/g during the 28-day storage period, but had limited influence on the viability of S. thermophilus KLDS T1C2 (STT1C2). Meanwhile, because of the presence of prebiotics, soy cheese fermented by LA-1.0738 in co-culture with STT1C2 exhibited higher values of acidity, proteolysis and lipolysis index as well as better texture properties and sensory acceptance. These results suggested that the selected combination of prebiotics could be used as functional ingredients to manufacture soy cheese to maintain the survival of desired LA-1.0738, which contributed to improve the texture and sensory features of soy cheese.
{"title":"The effects of inulin combined with galacto-oligosaccharide on the various properties of synbiotic soy cheese containing Lactobacillus acidophilus KLDS 1.0738","authors":"X. Zhang, Y. Li, J. Yang, X. Ma, X. Jia, A. L. Li, P. Du","doi":"10.15586/qas2019.740","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15586/qas2019.740","url":null,"abstract":"This study aimed to evaluate the compatibility of L. acidophilus KLDS 1.0738 (LA-1.0738) with different prebiotic carbohydrates to develop a synbiotic soft soy cheese. It was observed that the addition of 4% (m/v) prebiotics mixture (galacto-oligosaccharide:inulin = 1:3) to soy cheese significantly improved the growth of LA-1.0738, making it no less than 8.2 log colony-forming unit (CFU)/g during the 28-day storage period, but had limited influence on the viability of S. thermophilus KLDS T1C2 (STT1C2). Meanwhile, because of the presence of prebiotics, soy cheese fermented by LA-1.0738 in co-culture with STT1C2 exhibited higher values of acidity, proteolysis and lipolysis index as well as better texture properties and sensory acceptance. These results suggested that the selected combination of prebiotics could be used as functional ingredients to manufacture soy cheese to maintain the survival of desired LA-1.0738, which contributed to improve the texture and sensory features of soy cheese.","PeriodicalId":20868,"journal":{"name":"Quality Assurance and Safety of Crops & Foods","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2020-07-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42986023","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Huacheng Tang, J. Qu, Cao Dongmei, Weisong Wang, Y. Lou
An improved quick, easy, cheap, effective, rugged, and safe (QuEChERS) method combined with highperformance liquid chromatography (HPLC) coupled to diode array detection was established for the determination of fomesafen and quizalofop-p-ethyl in beans. It is simple and efficient and can be used in most laboratories. This method optimizes four chromatographic conditions, namely, mobile phase, mobile phase ratio, flow rate, and detection wavelength. The effects of extraction agent, extraction dose, extraction time, NaCl amount, and adsorbent on the pretreatment effect were studied. The recoveries were high (92.4–117.8%), and repeatability was good (relative standard deviation [RSD] ranged from 0.35 to 4.36%). The standard solutions ranged from 0.1 to 25 μg/mL. The detection limits of fomesafen and quizalofop-p-ethyl were 0.005 and 0.003 mg/kg, respectively.
{"title":"Determination of fomesafen and quizalofop-p-ethyl in beans using modified QuEChERS-HPLC-DAD","authors":"Huacheng Tang, J. Qu, Cao Dongmei, Weisong Wang, Y. Lou","doi":"10.15586/qas.v12i3.660","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15586/qas.v12i3.660","url":null,"abstract":"An improved quick, easy, cheap, effective, rugged, and safe (QuEChERS) method combined with highperformance liquid chromatography (HPLC) coupled to diode array detection was established for the determination of fomesafen and quizalofop-p-ethyl in beans. It is simple and efficient and can be used in most laboratories. This method optimizes four chromatographic conditions, namely, mobile phase, mobile phase ratio, flow rate, and detection wavelength. The effects of extraction agent, extraction dose, extraction time, NaCl amount, and adsorbent on the pretreatment effect were studied. The recoveries were high (92.4–117.8%), and repeatability was good (relative standard deviation [RSD] ranged from 0.35 to 4.36%). The standard solutions ranged from 0.1 to 25 μg/mL. The detection limits of fomesafen and quizalofop-p-ethyl were 0.005 and 0.003 mg/kg, respectively.","PeriodicalId":20868,"journal":{"name":"Quality Assurance and Safety of Crops & Foods","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2020-07-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42109452","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
D. Dordević, R. M. Cazalilla, Z. Javůrková, H. Buchtová, S. Jančíková
Respondents’ perception about the possible changes of best before date (BBD) to the date of the highest quality was the main aim of the survey. The survey consisted out of 1,107 respondents who were grouped according to their demographic characteristics and food labelling preferences. The results of the survey are indicating high acceptance rate towards new labelling, but without clear connection with their preferences. Another aspect of the research emphasised the respondents’ perception towards the price of healthier food commodities and revealed that education level has high impact ( P < 0.05) on their opinion and considerations. The survey gave important answers on possibility of changes of food labelling by which it would be affected food waste quantities. Certainly, each food type shelf life should be checked and labelled according to food perishability and consumers safeness. The changing of the BBD to the date of the highest quality according to our survey would be broadly accepted among all socio-demographic groups.
{"title":"Consumers’ response to different shelf life food labelling","authors":"D. Dordević, R. M. Cazalilla, Z. Javůrková, H. Buchtová, S. Jančíková","doi":"10.15586/qas2019.646","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15586/qas2019.646","url":null,"abstract":"Respondents’ perception about the possible changes of best before date (BBD) to the date of the highest quality was the main aim of the survey. The survey consisted out of 1,107 respondents who were grouped according to their demographic characteristics and food labelling preferences. The results of the survey are indicating high acceptance rate towards new labelling, but without clear connection with their preferences. Another aspect of the research emphasised the respondents’ perception towards the price of healthier food commodities and revealed that education level has high impact ( P < 0.05) on their opinion and considerations. The survey gave important answers on possibility of changes of food labelling by which it would be affected food waste quantities. Certainly, each food type shelf life should be checked and labelled according to food perishability and consumers safeness. The changing of the BBD to the date of the highest quality according to our survey would be broadly accepted among all socio-demographic groups.","PeriodicalId":20868,"journal":{"name":"Quality Assurance and Safety of Crops & Foods","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2020-07-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44373387","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
T. Sreethong, C. Prom-u-thai, B. Rerkasem, B. Dell, S. Jamjod
Local rice varieties with premium nutritional quality grains are beneficial to consumers, and their genetic traits may be deployed in breeding programmes for many purposes. This study explores grain quality characteristics with health implications of rice germplasm maintained and used by farmers in the highlands of Northern Thailand. Concentrations of iron (Fe), zinc (Zn), phenols and anthocyanin and anti-oxidative capacity were determined in the caryopsis without husk of 77 samples of rice seed collected from farmers. Entries with the highest grain quality characteristics identified were grown together with four standard check varieties at two different elevations in a farmer’s field at Mae Wang District of Chiang Mai province (800 m above mean sea level), as well as in pots at Chiang Mai University (CMU) (330 m above mean sea level). The grain quality characteristics were determined at maturity, separately for 10 individual plants grown at CMU. A wide variation in all the grain quality characteristics was found among samples grown in the farmer’s field. There were approximately twofold differences in the lowest and highest Fe and Zn concentrations, especially high variation in contents of phenols and anthocyanin and anti-oxidative capacity found in grain with purple pericarp. The top entries identified from the farmer’s seed had significantly higher anthocyanin concentration and anti-oxidative capacity than the check varieties when grown together at Mae Wang and CMU, in spite of the strong locality-specific effects on these characteristics. Further variation was found in the grain quality characteristics within each of the selected farmer’s seed samples. Quality improvement could thus be made by either eliminating the poorest performing lines or development of single-seed descent lines from the top-performing plants. The desirable genetic traits can also be used in breeding programme for improvement of grain yield as well as cooking and nutritional quality.
{"title":"Identifying rice grains with premium nutritional quality among on-farm germplasm in the highlands of Northern Thailand","authors":"T. Sreethong, C. Prom-u-thai, B. Rerkasem, B. Dell, S. Jamjod","doi":"10.15586/qas2020.699","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15586/qas2020.699","url":null,"abstract":"Local rice varieties with premium nutritional quality grains are beneficial to consumers, and their genetic traits may be deployed in breeding programmes for many purposes. This study explores grain quality characteristics with health implications of rice germplasm maintained and used by farmers in the highlands of Northern Thailand. Concentrations of iron (Fe), zinc (Zn), phenols and anthocyanin and anti-oxidative capacity were determined in the caryopsis without husk of 77 samples of rice seed collected from farmers. Entries with the highest grain quality characteristics identified were grown together with four standard check varieties at two different elevations in a farmer’s field at Mae Wang District of Chiang Mai province (800 m above mean sea level), as well as in pots at Chiang Mai University (CMU) (330 m above mean sea level). The grain quality characteristics were determined at maturity, separately for 10 individual plants grown at CMU. A wide variation in all the grain quality characteristics was found among samples grown in the farmer’s field. There were approximately twofold differences in the lowest and highest Fe and Zn concentrations, especially high variation in contents of phenols and anthocyanin and anti-oxidative capacity found in grain with purple pericarp. The top entries identified from the farmer’s seed had significantly higher anthocyanin concentration and anti-oxidative capacity than the check varieties when grown together at Mae Wang and CMU, in spite of the strong locality-specific effects on these characteristics. Further variation was found in the grain quality characteristics within each of the selected farmer’s seed samples. Quality improvement could thus be made by either eliminating the poorest performing lines or development of single-seed descent lines from the top-performing plants. The desirable genetic traits can also be used in breeding programme for improvement of grain yield as well as cooking and nutritional quality.","PeriodicalId":20868,"journal":{"name":"Quality Assurance and Safety of Crops & Foods","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2020-07-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49499073","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
K. K. Ejeahalaka, Long Cheng, D. Kulasiri, G. Edwards, S. On
Cows with specialised characteristics and requirements can be aggregated into different herds for targeted nutritional management and to facilitate on-farm segregation of raw milk for the production of high-value niche dairy products, offering improved economic returns. Rapid methods for independent verification of product quality and origin are desirable to support validation and traceability of such products. This study examined the use of near infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) to segregate raw milk from individual cows of multiple breeds from different herds fed on the same or differing feeding regimes, and to correlate and evaluate the efficacy of the predictions for crude protein and the milk fatty acid (FA) phenotypes for each of the herds. Reference values and near infrared spectra were obtained from representative freeze-dried raw milk samples (n = 220) collected from 847 lactating cows of 3 breeds from the Lincoln University dairy farm in New Zealand. The feed sources (i.e. pasture or pasture with lucerne silage) significantly influenced the protein and the FA values, and these differences were reflected in NIRS analyses. The partial least square regression models for crude protein determination showed excellent results, whereas for the most dominant FA, they were not appreciable. Maximum separation was obtained between the herds on the same feeding regime (mean specificity = 95.2%) using the partial least square discriminant analysis, and its overall performance in differentiating the objects was better than that of the soft independent modelling of class analogy. The multiclass analyses conducted in this study offer improvements to current approaches for evaluating and validating raw milk for the manufacture of specific dairy products, and for enhancing product traceability.
{"title":"Efficacy of near infrared spectroscopy to segregate raw milk from individual cows between herds for product innovation and traceability","authors":"K. K. Ejeahalaka, Long Cheng, D. Kulasiri, G. Edwards, S. On","doi":"10.15586/qas.v12i3.659","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15586/qas.v12i3.659","url":null,"abstract":"Cows with specialised characteristics and requirements can be aggregated into different herds for targeted nutritional management and to facilitate on-farm segregation of raw milk for the production of high-value niche dairy products, offering improved economic returns. Rapid methods for independent verification of product quality and origin are desirable to support validation and traceability of such products. This study examined the use of near infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) to segregate raw milk from individual cows of multiple breeds from different herds fed on the same or differing feeding regimes, and to correlate and evaluate the efficacy of the predictions for crude protein and the milk fatty acid (FA) phenotypes for each of the herds. Reference values and near infrared spectra were obtained from representative freeze-dried raw milk samples (n = 220) collected from 847 lactating cows of 3 breeds from the Lincoln University dairy farm in New Zealand. The feed sources (i.e. pasture or pasture with lucerne silage) significantly influenced the protein and the FA values, and these differences were reflected in NIRS analyses. The partial least square regression models for crude protein determination showed excellent results, whereas for the most dominant FA, they were not appreciable. Maximum separation was obtained between the herds on the same feeding regime (mean specificity = 95.2%) using the partial least square discriminant analysis, and its overall performance in differentiating the objects was better than that of the soft independent modelling of class analogy. The multiclass analyses conducted in this study offer improvements to current approaches for evaluating and validating raw milk for the manufacture of specific dairy products, and for enhancing product traceability.","PeriodicalId":20868,"journal":{"name":"Quality Assurance and Safety of Crops & Foods","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2020-07-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43112060","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Tang Jianmin, Zhang Wenlin, R. Liu, Liao Qinhong, P. Jiang, Li Zhexin, J. Lan
Peach is a perishable fruit that quickly loses its aroma and bioactive components during storage. In this article, we evaluated the effect of treatment with 1-methylcyclopropene (1-MCP) on the quality of stored peaches depending on shelf-life temperature. Ethylene production and aroma content were determined using gas chromatography mass spectrometry (GC-MS). Polyphenol levels were monitored using high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC), and the antioxidant capacity of peach samples was determined using 2,2-diphenyl-1 picrylhydrazyl (DPPH), 2,2?-azino-bis-3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulphonic acid (ABTS) and ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP) assays. We found that treatment with 1-MCP could delay the ripening process and reduce the decay of peach fruit depending upon shelf-life temperature. Furthermore, treatment with 1-MCP efficiently delayed climacteric ethylene production, maintained high levels of total soluble solids (TSS), titratable acidity and characteristic lactones, including ?-decalactone, ?-decalactone, ?-octalatone, jasmine lactone and ? dodecalactone. Moreover, treatment with 1-MCP also helped maintain high levels of chlorogenic acid, L epicatechin, catechin, quercetin-3-rutinoside and neochlorogenic acid, as well as high antioxidant activity. Principal component analysis showed that treatment with 1-MCP during the second week of storage coincided with activity of lactones, poly-phenols and antioxidants, which was consistent with changes in phytochemicals. These results revealed that treatment with 1-MCP offers potential as a preservation strategy for maintaining the flavour and nutritional quality of peach fruit under shelf-life conditions.
{"title":"Effect of 1-methylcyclopropene on the aroma volatiles, polyphenols contents and antioxidant activity of post-harvest ripening peach (Prunus persica L.) fruit","authors":"Tang Jianmin, Zhang Wenlin, R. Liu, Liao Qinhong, P. Jiang, Li Zhexin, J. Lan","doi":"10.15586/qas.v12i2.717","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15586/qas.v12i2.717","url":null,"abstract":"Peach is a perishable fruit that quickly loses its aroma and bioactive components during storage. In this article, we evaluated the effect of treatment with 1-methylcyclopropene (1-MCP) on the quality of stored peaches depending on shelf-life temperature. Ethylene production and aroma content were determined using gas chromatography mass spectrometry (GC-MS). Polyphenol levels were monitored using high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC), and the antioxidant capacity of peach samples was determined using 2,2-diphenyl-1 picrylhydrazyl (DPPH), 2,2?-azino-bis-3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulphonic acid (ABTS) and ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP) assays. We found that treatment with 1-MCP could delay the ripening process and reduce the decay of peach fruit depending upon shelf-life temperature. Furthermore, treatment with 1-MCP efficiently delayed climacteric ethylene production, maintained high levels of total soluble solids (TSS), titratable acidity and characteristic lactones, including ?-decalactone, ?-decalactone, ?-octalatone, jasmine lactone and ? dodecalactone. Moreover, treatment with 1-MCP also helped maintain high levels of chlorogenic acid, L epicatechin, catechin, quercetin-3-rutinoside and neochlorogenic acid, as well as high antioxidant activity. Principal component analysis showed that treatment with 1-MCP during the second week of storage coincided with activity of lactones, poly-phenols and antioxidants, which was consistent with changes in phytochemicals. These results revealed that treatment with 1-MCP offers potential as a preservation strategy for maintaining the flavour and nutritional quality of peach fruit under shelf-life conditions.","PeriodicalId":20868,"journal":{"name":"Quality Assurance and Safety of Crops & Foods","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2020-06-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48881052","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Xiao, ing Zhang, Xiao Yi Li, Ming, U. Yang, Xing Yang, Feng Zhao
The effect of antioxidant extracted from bamboo leaves (AOB) on the quality of sturgeon fillets during chilled storage was examined via three parameters: total volatile basic nitrogen (TVB-N), pH and bacterial community composition. The samples treated with 0.05% (w/v) AOB exhibited the best quality, as evidenced by retarding both pH changes and the production of TVB-N. Pseudomonas and Aeromonas were the dominant indigenous bacteria present in fresh sturgeon fillets, whereas the presence of Janthinobacterium and Pedobacter increased gradually throughout the storage process. A significant (P < 0.05) positive correlation was observed between the pH, TVB-N and two bacterial groups, Pseudomonas and Pedobacter. Based on the TVB-N assessment, the fillets began to decompose at the ninth day in the control samples and the twelfth day in the 0.05% AOB-treated samples. The relative abundance of Pseudomonas, Janthinobacterium and Pedobacter in the 0.05% AOB treatment group was lower than in the control group. Therefore, our results showed that treatment with 0.05% AOB improved the quality of fillets during the box-packaged storage.
{"title":"Effect of antioxidant extracted from bamboo leaves on the quality of box-packaged sturgeon fillets stored at 4 °C","authors":"Xiao, ing Zhang, Xiao Yi Li, Ming, U. Yang, Xing Yang, Feng Zhao","doi":"10.15586/qas.v12i2.690","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15586/qas.v12i2.690","url":null,"abstract":"The effect of antioxidant extracted from bamboo leaves (AOB) on the quality of sturgeon fillets during chilled storage was examined via three parameters: total volatile basic nitrogen (TVB-N), pH and bacterial community composition. The samples treated with 0.05% (w/v) AOB exhibited the best quality, as evidenced by retarding both pH changes and the production of TVB-N. Pseudomonas and Aeromonas were the dominant indigenous bacteria present in fresh sturgeon fillets, whereas the presence of Janthinobacterium and Pedobacter increased gradually throughout the storage process. A significant (P < 0.05) positive correlation was observed between the pH, TVB-N and two bacterial groups, Pseudomonas and Pedobacter. Based on the TVB-N assessment, the fillets began to decompose at the ninth day in the control samples and the twelfth day in the 0.05% AOB-treated samples. The relative abundance of Pseudomonas, Janthinobacterium and Pedobacter in the 0.05% AOB treatment group was lower than in the control group. Therefore, our results showed that treatment with 0.05% AOB improved the quality of fillets during the box-packaged storage.","PeriodicalId":20868,"journal":{"name":"Quality Assurance and Safety of Crops & Foods","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2020-06-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47225257","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Seed vigour is an important trait and is often used to evaluate seed quality. A rapid and accurate evaluation of seed vigour is very important for agricultural production. Ca is an important secondary messenger in plants, responding to various biotic and abiotic stimuli by Ca flux into cytoplasm. To the best of our knowledge, however, no report has been published about seed vigour and Ca influx. In this study, we used two hybrid maize (Zea mays L.) lines and their corresponding female parent lines as materials, and performed ageing and ‘ageing + priming’ treatments to obtain seeds with different vigour levels. After seeds were imbibed for 24 h, the intact seeds or embryos were used as materials for determining the Ca influx rate using non-invasive micro-test technique (NMT). Results showed that, with the intact embryos as materials, the Ca influx rate showed higher stability and higher values. Correlation analysis indicated that there was a significant, positive linear correlation between the shoot dry weight vigour index and Ca flux rate into embryo. The results demonstrated that the Ca influx rate can be used to evaluate the vigour levels of maize seeds.
{"title":"The flux rate of Ca2+ into embryo can be used to evaluate the vigour level of maize seeds","authors":"P. Zhu, X. Song, Y. Mao, Y. Li, C. Zhang","doi":"10.15586/qas.v12i2.641","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15586/qas.v12i2.641","url":null,"abstract":"Seed vigour is an important trait and is often used to evaluate seed quality. A rapid and accurate evaluation of seed vigour is very important for agricultural production. Ca is an important secondary messenger in plants, responding to various biotic and abiotic stimuli by Ca flux into cytoplasm. To the best of our knowledge, however, no report has been published about seed vigour and Ca influx. In this study, we used two hybrid maize (Zea mays L.) lines and their corresponding female parent lines as materials, and performed ageing and ‘ageing + priming’ treatments to obtain seeds with different vigour levels. After seeds were imbibed for 24 h, the intact seeds or embryos were used as materials for determining the Ca influx rate using non-invasive micro-test technique (NMT). Results showed that, with the intact embryos as materials, the Ca influx rate showed higher stability and higher values. Correlation analysis indicated that there was a significant, positive linear correlation between the shoot dry weight vigour index and Ca flux rate into embryo. The results demonstrated that the Ca influx rate can be used to evaluate the vigour levels of maize seeds.","PeriodicalId":20868,"journal":{"name":"Quality Assurance and Safety of Crops & Foods","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2020-06-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42214633","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
To assess the effect of increasing atmospheric CO2 concentration ([CO2]) on growth and yield in maize and rice, an experiment was carried out in open top chambers (OTCs) at different atmospheric CO2 concentration treatments (550 ?mol/mol, T1; 750 ?mol/mol, T2 and a control, CK) in Nanjing, Jiangsu, China. Our results indicated that the plant height, leaf area index (LAI), Soil and Plant Analyzer Development (SPAD) and net photosynthesis (NPn) of the maize (Zhengdan 958) and rice (Huaidao 5) at three development stages under the increasing [CO2] followed the order of CK 0.05).
{"title":"Impact of increasing atmospheric CO2 concentration on growth characteristics and yield in maize and rice","authors":"Xiaojin Xie, Renying Li, Lidong Huang, Y. Bao","doi":"10.15586/qas.v12i2.628","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15586/qas.v12i2.628","url":null,"abstract":"To assess the effect of increasing atmospheric CO2 concentration ([CO2]) on growth and yield in maize and rice, an experiment was carried out in open top chambers (OTCs) at different atmospheric CO2 concentration treatments (550 ?mol/mol, T1; 750 ?mol/mol, T2 and a control, CK) in Nanjing, Jiangsu, China. Our results indicated that the plant height, leaf area index (LAI), Soil and Plant Analyzer Development (SPAD) and net photosynthesis (NPn) of the maize (Zhengdan 958) and rice (Huaidao 5) at three development stages under the increasing [CO2] followed the order of CK 0.05).","PeriodicalId":20868,"journal":{"name":"Quality Assurance and Safety of Crops & Foods","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2020-06-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48391542","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Starches were isolated from three cultivars of red adzuki beans, including Da Hongpao (DHP), Bao Qinghong (BQH) and Zhen Zhuhong (ZZH), and their morphological, structural and physicochemical properties were studied. Statistical analysis of the physicochemical and functional properties data revealed a significant (P < 0.05) difference among the three starch types. Starch of DHP cultivar showed low amylose content, smooth and round particle morphology, with obvious polarised crosses. The average particle size of the three adzuki bean types was in the range of 35.58–43.29 μm, with that of DHP being the smallest, 35.58 μm. The X-ray diffraction patterns showed that all the starches were type A with reflections (2θ) at 15.0°, 17.03° and 23.3°. The bands of Fourier transforms infrared spectra of the three starches revealed their carbohydrate properties, and the intensity of the Fourier spectral absorption band of starch from DHP was weaker than that of the other cultivars. Further, the relative crystallinity of the three starches ranged from 22.7 to 29.4%, and DHP showed the highest crystallinity of 29.4%. Additionally, starch of the DHP cultivar revealed high gelatinisation, peak viscosity and enthalpy as compared to those from the other two adzuki bean cultivars. The shear viscosity of the three starch types decreased with increasing shear rate; when the shear rate was 10 s, the shear viscosity of the DHP-derived starch significantly decreased. Moreover, both the modulus (G’) and the loss modulus (G’’) increased with increasing dynamic frequency, and the DHP-derived starch showed the lowest G’ and G’’ values. In summary, this work provides data that may help in promoting the application of starches isolated from red adzuki bean in the food industry.
{"title":"Microstructure, thermodynamics and rheological properties of different types of red adzuki bean starch","authors":"J. Zhang, A. Zhai","doi":"10.15586/qas.v12i2.720","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15586/qas.v12i2.720","url":null,"abstract":"Starches were isolated from three cultivars of red adzuki beans, including Da Hongpao (DHP), Bao Qinghong (BQH) and Zhen Zhuhong (ZZH), and their morphological, structural and physicochemical properties were studied. Statistical analysis of the physicochemical and functional properties data revealed a significant (P < 0.05) difference among the three starch types. Starch of DHP cultivar showed low amylose content, smooth and round particle morphology, with obvious polarised crosses. The average particle size of the three adzuki bean types was in the range of 35.58–43.29 μm, with that of DHP being the smallest, 35.58 μm. The X-ray diffraction patterns showed that all the starches were type A with reflections (2θ) at 15.0°, 17.03° and 23.3°. The bands of Fourier transforms infrared spectra of the three starches revealed their carbohydrate properties, and the intensity of the Fourier spectral absorption band of starch from DHP was weaker than that of the other cultivars. Further, the relative crystallinity of the three starches ranged from 22.7 to 29.4%, and DHP showed the highest crystallinity of 29.4%. Additionally, starch of the DHP cultivar revealed high gelatinisation, peak viscosity and enthalpy as compared to those from the other two adzuki bean cultivars. The shear viscosity of the three starch types decreased with increasing shear rate; when the shear rate was 10 s, the shear viscosity of the DHP-derived starch significantly decreased. Moreover, both the modulus (G’) and the loss modulus (G’’) increased with increasing dynamic frequency, and the DHP-derived starch showed the lowest G’ and G’’ values. In summary, this work provides data that may help in promoting the application of starches isolated from red adzuki bean in the food industry.","PeriodicalId":20868,"journal":{"name":"Quality Assurance and Safety of Crops & Foods","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2020-06-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45573873","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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