Radiotherapy is a common therapeutic strategy for various solid tumors, with vascular endothelial injury being a common side effect. The study aimed to examine the effect of long non-coding RNA PVT1 on radiation-induced vascular endothelial cell injury, and explore the possible underlying mechanism. Human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) were exposed to different doses of X ray to mimic radiation. LncRNA and miRNA levels were detected via qRT-PCR. Interaction between lncRNA and miRNAs was determined through dual-luciferase reporter assay. Statistical processing was conducted using student's t test between two groups and one-way ANOVA among multiple groups, and P < 0.05 means a significant difference. GO and KEGG were performed for the function and pathway enrichment analysis. LncRNA PVT1 elevated along with the increase of radiation dose in HUVECs. Poorly expressed lncRNA PVT1 promotes cell viability and inhibits oxidative stress. PVT1 serves as a competitive endogenous RNA (ceRNA) of miR-9-5p. miR-9-5p inhibitor inverted the influence of PVT1 knockdown on radiation-stimulated cell apoptosis and oxidative stress in HUVECs. KEGG analysis identified significant enrichment of the MAPK signaling pathway among overlapping target genes of miR-9-5p. LncRNA PVT1 knockdown alleviated radiation-induced vascular endothelial injury via sponging miR-9-5p. The underlying mechanism might be probably MAPK signaling-related.
放疗是各种实体瘤的常见治疗策略,而血管内皮损伤是常见的副作用之一。本研究旨在检测长非编码RNA PVT1对放射诱导的血管内皮细胞损伤的影响,并探讨其可能的内在机制。研究人员将人脐静脉内皮细胞(HUVECs)暴露于不同剂量的 X 射线,以模拟辐射。通过 qRT-PCR 检测 LncRNA 和 miRNA 水平。通过双荧光素酶报告实验确定lncRNA和miRNA之间的相互作用。统计处理采用两组间的学生 t 检验和多组间的单因素方差分析,P < 0.05 表示差异显著。GO和KEGG用于功能和通路富集分析。LncRNA PVT1随辐射剂量的增加而升高。低表达的lncRNA PVT1可促进细胞活力并抑制氧化应激。PVT1是miR-9-5p的竞争性内源性RNA(ceRNA)。miR-9-5p抑制剂逆转了PVT1敲除对辐射刺激的HUVECs细胞凋亡和氧化应激的影响。KEGG分析发现,在miR-9-5p的重叠靶基因中,MAPK信号通路明显富集。LncRNA PVT1敲除可通过疏导miR-9-5p缓解辐射诱导的血管内皮损伤。其潜在机制可能与 MAPK 信号转导有关。
{"title":"Long Non-Coding RNA PVT1 Facilitates Radiation-Induced Vascular Endothelial Cell Injury through Sponging MicroRNA-9-5p.","authors":"Wei Lian, Min Gan","doi":"10.1667/RADE-24-00089.1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1667/RADE-24-00089.1","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Radiotherapy is a common therapeutic strategy for various solid tumors, with vascular endothelial injury being a common side effect. The study aimed to examine the effect of long non-coding RNA PVT1 on radiation-induced vascular endothelial cell injury, and explore the possible underlying mechanism. Human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) were exposed to different doses of X ray to mimic radiation. LncRNA and miRNA levels were detected via qRT-PCR. Interaction between lncRNA and miRNAs was determined through dual-luciferase reporter assay. Statistical processing was conducted using student's t test between two groups and one-way ANOVA among multiple groups, and P < 0.05 means a significant difference. GO and KEGG were performed for the function and pathway enrichment analysis. LncRNA PVT1 elevated along with the increase of radiation dose in HUVECs. Poorly expressed lncRNA PVT1 promotes cell viability and inhibits oxidative stress. PVT1 serves as a competitive endogenous RNA (ceRNA) of miR-9-5p. miR-9-5p inhibitor inverted the influence of PVT1 knockdown on radiation-stimulated cell apoptosis and oxidative stress in HUVECs. KEGG analysis identified significant enrichment of the MAPK signaling pathway among overlapping target genes of miR-9-5p. LncRNA PVT1 knockdown alleviated radiation-induced vascular endothelial injury via sponging miR-9-5p. The underlying mechanism might be probably MAPK signaling-related.</p>","PeriodicalId":20903,"journal":{"name":"Radiation research","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2024-08-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141983122","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
William E Fahl, Bryan L Fahl, Devin Schult, Torsten R Goesch
The search for single or combined radiation countermeasures that mitigate the development of Acute Radiation Syndrome (ARS) after radiation exposure remains a prominent goal of the U.S. government. This study was undertaken to determine whether PrC-210 and G-CSF, when administered 24-48 h postirradiation, would confer an additive or synergistic survival benefit and mitigate ARS in mice that had received an otherwise 96% lethal radiation dose. Our results show that optimum systemic doses of PrC-210 and G-CSF, when administered 24 h or later after a 96% lethal dose of whole-body irradiation, conferred: 1. strong individual survival benefits (PrC-210 44%, P = 0.003), (G-CSF 48%, P = 0.0002), 2. a profound combined 85% survival benefit (P < 0.0001) when administered together, and on day 14 postirradiation, 3. peripheral white blood cell/lymphocyte counts equal to unirradiated controls, 4. dense bone marrow cell density (>65% of unirradiated controls), 5. jejunal villi density that equaled 90% of unirradiated controls, and 6. spleen weights that equaled 93% of unirradiated controls. Our results show that PrC-210 and G-CSF given together 24 h after irradiation confer strong additive efficacy by protecting the immune system, and enabling recovery of the bone marrow, and they work synergistically to enable recovery of peripheral white blood cells in circulating blood.
{"title":"Significant Reduction of Radiation-Induced Death in Mice Treated with PrC-210 and G-CSF after Irradiation.","authors":"William E Fahl, Bryan L Fahl, Devin Schult, Torsten R Goesch","doi":"10.1667/RADE-24-00102.1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1667/RADE-24-00102.1","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The search for single or combined radiation countermeasures that mitigate the development of Acute Radiation Syndrome (ARS) after radiation exposure remains a prominent goal of the U.S. government. This study was undertaken to determine whether PrC-210 and G-CSF, when administered 24-48 h postirradiation, would confer an additive or synergistic survival benefit and mitigate ARS in mice that had received an otherwise 96% lethal radiation dose. Our results show that optimum systemic doses of PrC-210 and G-CSF, when administered 24 h or later after a 96% lethal dose of whole-body irradiation, conferred: 1. strong individual survival benefits (PrC-210 44%, P = 0.003), (G-CSF 48%, P = 0.0002), 2. a profound combined 85% survival benefit (P < 0.0001) when administered together, and on day 14 postirradiation, 3. peripheral white blood cell/lymphocyte counts equal to unirradiated controls, 4. dense bone marrow cell density (>65% of unirradiated controls), 5. jejunal villi density that equaled 90% of unirradiated controls, and 6. spleen weights that equaled 93% of unirradiated controls. Our results show that PrC-210 and G-CSF given together 24 h after irradiation confer strong additive efficacy by protecting the immune system, and enabling recovery of the bone marrow, and they work synergistically to enable recovery of peripheral white blood cells in circulating blood.</p>","PeriodicalId":20903,"journal":{"name":"Radiation research","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2024-08-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141983139","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Jake Pirkkanen, Taylor Laframboise, Jayden Peterson, Alyssa Labelle, Forest Mahoney, Michel Lapointe, Marc S Mendonca, T C Tai, Simon J Lees, Sujeenthar Tharmalingam, Douglas R Boreham, Christopher Thome
Natural background ionizing radiation is present on the earth's surface; however, the biological role of this chronic low-dose-rate exposure remains unknown. The Researching the Effects of the Presence and Absence of Ionizing Radiation (REPAIR) project is examining the impacts of sub-natural background radiation exposure through experiments conducted 2 km underground in SNOLAB. The rock overburden combined with experiment-specific shielding provides a background radiation dose rate 30 times lower than on the surface. We hypothesize that natural background radiation is essential for life and maintains genomic stability and that prolonged exposure to sub-background environments will be detrimental to biological systems. To evaluate this, human hybrid CGL1 cells were continuously cultured in SNOLAB and our surface control laboratory for 16 weeks. Cells were assayed every 4 weeks for growth rate, alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity (a marker of cellular transformation in the CGL1 system), and the expression of genes related to DNA damage and cell cycle regulation. A subset of cells was also exposed to a challenge radiation dose (0.1 to 8 Gy of X rays) and assayed for clonogenic survival and DNA double-strand break induction to examine if prolonged sub-background exposure alters the cellular response to high-dose irradiation. At each 4-week time point, sub-background radiation exposure did not significantly alter cell growth rates, survival, DNA damage, or gene expression. However, cells cultured in SNOLAB showed significantly higher ALP activity, a marker of carcinogenesis in these cells, which increased with longer exposure to the sub-background environment, indicative of neoplastic progression. Overall, these data suggest that sub-background radiation exposure does not impact growth, survival, or DNA damage in CGL1 cells but may lead to increased rates of neoplastic transformation, highlighting a potentially important role for natural background radiation in maintaining normal cellular function and genomic stability.
地球表面存在天然本底电离辐射;然而,这种长期低剂量辐射的生物作用仍然未知。电离辐射存在和不存在的影响研究(REPAIR)项目正在通过在 SNOLAB 地下 2 千米处进行的实验,研究亚天然本底辐射照射的影响。岩石覆盖层与特定实验屏蔽相结合,提供了比地面低 30 倍的本底辐射剂量率。我们假设,天然本底辐射是生命所必需的,并能维持基因组的稳定性,而长期暴露在亚本底辐射环境中将会对生物系统造成损害。为了评估这一点,我们在 SNOLAB 和我们的表面控制实验室连续培养人类杂交 CGL1 细胞 16 周。每 4 周对细胞的生长率、碱性磷酸酶 (ALP) 活性(CGL1 系统中细胞转化的标志)以及 DNA 损伤和细胞周期调节相关基因的表达进行一次检测。还有一部分细胞暴露于挑战辐射剂量(0.1 至 8 Gy 的 X 射线),并进行克隆存活率和 DNA 双链断裂诱导测定,以研究长期的亚背景暴露是否会改变细胞对高剂量辐照的反应。在每个 4 周的时间点,亚背景辐照都不会显著改变细胞的生长率、存活率、DNA 损伤或基因表达。然而,在 SNOLAB 中培养的细胞显示出明显更高的 ALP 活性,这是这些细胞发生癌变的标志物,随着暴露于亚背景环境时间的延长,ALP 活性也在增加,这表明了肿瘤的进展。总之,这些数据表明,亚本底辐射照射不会影响 CGL1 细胞的生长、存活或 DNA 损伤,但可能会导致肿瘤转化率的增加,突出了天然本底辐射在维持正常细胞功能和基因组稳定性方面的潜在重要作用。
{"title":"The Role of Natural Background Radiation in Maintaining Genomic Stability in the CGL1 Human Hybrid Model System.","authors":"Jake Pirkkanen, Taylor Laframboise, Jayden Peterson, Alyssa Labelle, Forest Mahoney, Michel Lapointe, Marc S Mendonca, T C Tai, Simon J Lees, Sujeenthar Tharmalingam, Douglas R Boreham, Christopher Thome","doi":"10.1667/RADE-23-00243.1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1667/RADE-23-00243.1","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Natural background ionizing radiation is present on the earth's surface; however, the biological role of this chronic low-dose-rate exposure remains unknown. The Researching the Effects of the Presence and Absence of Ionizing Radiation (REPAIR) project is examining the impacts of sub-natural background radiation exposure through experiments conducted 2 km underground in SNOLAB. The rock overburden combined with experiment-specific shielding provides a background radiation dose rate 30 times lower than on the surface. We hypothesize that natural background radiation is essential for life and maintains genomic stability and that prolonged exposure to sub-background environments will be detrimental to biological systems. To evaluate this, human hybrid CGL1 cells were continuously cultured in SNOLAB and our surface control laboratory for 16 weeks. Cells were assayed every 4 weeks for growth rate, alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity (a marker of cellular transformation in the CGL1 system), and the expression of genes related to DNA damage and cell cycle regulation. A subset of cells was also exposed to a challenge radiation dose (0.1 to 8 Gy of X rays) and assayed for clonogenic survival and DNA double-strand break induction to examine if prolonged sub-background exposure alters the cellular response to high-dose irradiation. At each 4-week time point, sub-background radiation exposure did not significantly alter cell growth rates, survival, DNA damage, or gene expression. However, cells cultured in SNOLAB showed significantly higher ALP activity, a marker of carcinogenesis in these cells, which increased with longer exposure to the sub-background environment, indicative of neoplastic progression. Overall, these data suggest that sub-background radiation exposure does not impact growth, survival, or DNA damage in CGL1 cells but may lead to increased rates of neoplastic transformation, highlighting a potentially important role for natural background radiation in maintaining normal cellular function and genomic stability.</p>","PeriodicalId":20903,"journal":{"name":"Radiation research","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2024-08-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141971784","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Susan M Bailey, Stephen R Kunkel, Joel S Bedford, Michael N Cornforth
Radiation cytogenetics has a rich history seldom appreciated by those outside the field. Early radiobiology was dominated by physics and biophysical concepts that borrowed heavily from the study of radiation-induced chromosome aberrations. From such studies, quantitative relationships between biological effect and changes in absorbed dose, dose rate and ionization density were codified into key concepts of radiobiological theory that have persisted for nearly a century. This review aims to provide a historical perspective of some of these concepts, including evidence supporting the contention that chromosome aberrations underlie development of many, if not most, of the biological effects of concern for humans exposed to ionizing radiations including cancer induction, on the one hand, and tumor eradication on the other. The significance of discoveries originating from these studies has widened and extended far beyond their original scope. Chromosome structural rearrangements viewed in mitotic cells were first attributed to the production of breaks by the radiations during interphase, followed by the rejoining or mis-rejoining among ends of other nearby breaks. These relatively modest beginnings eventually led to the discovery and characterization of DNA repair of double-strand breaks by non-homologous end joining, whose importance to various biological processes is now widely appreciated. Two examples, among many, are V(D)J recombination and speciation. Rapid technological advancements in cytogenetics, the burgeoning fields of molecular radiobiology and third-generation sequencing served as a point of confluence between the old and new. As a result, the emergent field of "cytogenomics" now becomes uniquely positioned for the purpose of more fully understanding mechanisms underlying the biological effects of ionizing radiation exposure.
辐射细胞遗传学有着丰富的历史,但该领域以外的人却很少了解。早期的放射生物学以物理学和生物物理学概念为主,这些概念大量借鉴了辐射诱导染色体畸变的研究。从这些研究中,生物效应与吸收剂量、剂量率和电离密度变化之间的定量关系被编纂成放射生物学理论的关键概念,这些概念已延续了近一个世纪。本综述旨在从历史的角度阐述其中的一些概念,包括支持以下论点的证据,即染色体畸变是许多(如果不是大多数)电离辐射对人类产生的生物效应的基础,包括诱发癌症和根除肿瘤。这些研究发现的意义已远远超出其最初的范围。有丝分裂细胞中的染色体结构重排最初被认为是由于间期辐射产生的断裂,随后是附近其他断裂末端的重新连接或错误连接。这些相对温和的开端最终导致了通过非同源末端连接对双链断裂进行 DNA 修复的发现和特征描述,其对各种生物过程的重要性现已得到广泛重视。V(D)J 重组和物种形成就是其中的两个例子。细胞遗传学、新兴的分子放射生物学和第三代测序技术的快速发展成为新旧技术的交汇点。因此,新兴的 "细胞基因组学 "领域在更全面地了解电离辐照的生物效应机制方面具有独特的优势。
{"title":"The Central Role of Cytogenetics in Radiation Biology.","authors":"Susan M Bailey, Stephen R Kunkel, Joel S Bedford, Michael N Cornforth","doi":"10.1667/RADE-24-00038.1","DOIUrl":"10.1667/RADE-24-00038.1","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Radiation cytogenetics has a rich history seldom appreciated by those outside the field. Early radiobiology was dominated by physics and biophysical concepts that borrowed heavily from the study of radiation-induced chromosome aberrations. From such studies, quantitative relationships between biological effect and changes in absorbed dose, dose rate and ionization density were codified into key concepts of radiobiological theory that have persisted for nearly a century. This review aims to provide a historical perspective of some of these concepts, including evidence supporting the contention that chromosome aberrations underlie development of many, if not most, of the biological effects of concern for humans exposed to ionizing radiations including cancer induction, on the one hand, and tumor eradication on the other. The significance of discoveries originating from these studies has widened and extended far beyond their original scope. Chromosome structural rearrangements viewed in mitotic cells were first attributed to the production of breaks by the radiations during interphase, followed by the rejoining or mis-rejoining among ends of other nearby breaks. These relatively modest beginnings eventually led to the discovery and characterization of DNA repair of double-strand breaks by non-homologous end joining, whose importance to various biological processes is now widely appreciated. Two examples, among many, are V(D)J recombination and speciation. Rapid technological advancements in cytogenetics, the burgeoning fields of molecular radiobiology and third-generation sequencing served as a point of confluence between the old and new. As a result, the emergent field of \"cytogenomics\" now becomes uniquely positioned for the purpose of more fully understanding mechanisms underlying the biological effects of ionizing radiation exposure.</p>","PeriodicalId":20903,"journal":{"name":"Radiation research","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2024-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141564178","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Bruno F E Matarèse, Rhea Desai, Deborah H Oughton, Carmel Mothersill
This paper starts with a brief history of the birth of the field of radioecology during the Cold War with a focus on US activity. We review the establishment of the international system for radiation protection and the science underlying the guidelines. We then discuss the famous ICRP 60 statement that if "Man" is protected, so is everything else and show how this led to a focus in radioecology on pathways to "Man" rather than concern about impacts on environments or ecosystems. We then review the contributions of Radiation Research Society members and papers published in Radiation Research which contributed to the knowledge base about effects on non-human species. These fed into international databases and computer-based tools such as ERICA and ResRad Biota to guide regulators. We then examine the origins of the concern that ICRP 60 is not sufficient to protect ecosystems and discuss the establishment of ICRP Committee 5 and its recommendations to establish reference animals and plants. The review finishes with current concerns that reference animals and plants (RAPs) are not sufficient to protect ecosystems, given the complexity of interacting factors such as the climate emergency and discusses the efforts of ICRP, the International Union of Radioecologists and other bodies to capture the concepts of ecosystem services and ecosystem complexity modelling in radioecology.
{"title":"EGO to ECO: Tracing the History of Radioecology from the 1950's to the Present Day.","authors":"Bruno F E Matarèse, Rhea Desai, Deborah H Oughton, Carmel Mothersill","doi":"10.1667/RADE-24-00035.1","DOIUrl":"10.1667/RADE-24-00035.1","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>This paper starts with a brief history of the birth of the field of radioecology during the Cold War with a focus on US activity. We review the establishment of the international system for radiation protection and the science underlying the guidelines. We then discuss the famous ICRP 60 statement that if \"Man\" is protected, so is everything else and show how this led to a focus in radioecology on pathways to \"Man\" rather than concern about impacts on environments or ecosystems. We then review the contributions of Radiation Research Society members and papers published in Radiation Research which contributed to the knowledge base about effects on non-human species. These fed into international databases and computer-based tools such as ERICA and ResRad Biota to guide regulators. We then examine the origins of the concern that ICRP 60 is not sufficient to protect ecosystems and discuss the establishment of ICRP Committee 5 and its recommendations to establish reference animals and plants. The review finishes with current concerns that reference animals and plants (RAPs) are not sufficient to protect ecosystems, given the complexity of interacting factors such as the climate emergency and discusses the efforts of ICRP, the International Union of Radioecologists and other bodies to capture the concepts of ecosystem services and ecosystem complexity modelling in radioecology.</p>","PeriodicalId":20903,"journal":{"name":"Radiation research","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2024-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141634331","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"From Radiation Genetics, Mutagenesis, Gap Junctions, Epigenetics, Stem Cells and an Integration of Radiation and Chemical Carcinogenesis.","authors":"James E Trosko","doi":"10.1667/RADE-24-00009.1","DOIUrl":"10.1667/RADE-24-00009.1","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":20903,"journal":{"name":"Radiation research","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2024-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141284634","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Preface to Platinum Issue of Radiation Research.","authors":"Carmel Mothersill, Eleanor A Blakely","doi":"10.1667/RADE-24-PLATI.1","DOIUrl":"10.1667/RADE-24-PLATI.1","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":20903,"journal":{"name":"Radiation research","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2024-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141427466","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-08-01DOI: 10.1667/RADE-24-00023.1.S1
L Marignol, S J McMahon
The relative biological effectiveness is a mathematical quantity first defined in the 1950s. This has resulted in more than 4,000 scientific papers published to date. Yet defining the correct value of the RBE to use in clinical practice remains a challenge. A scientific analysis in the radiation research literature can provide an understanding of how this mathematical quantity has evolved. The purpose of this study is to investigate documents published since 1950 using bibliometric indicators and network visualization. This analysis seeks to provide an assessment of global research activities, key themes, and RBE research within the radiation-related field. It strives to highlight top-performing authors, organizations, and nations that have made major contributions to this research domain, as well as their interactions. The Scopus Collection was searched for articles and reviews pertaining to RBE in radiation research from 1950 through 2023. Scopus and Bibiometrix analytic tools were used to investigate the most productive countries, researchers, collaboration networks, journals, along with the citation analysis of references and keywords. A total of 4,632 documents were retrieved produced by authors originating from 71 countries. Publication trends could be separated in 20-year groupings beginning with slow accrual from 1950 to 1970, an early rise from 1970-1990, followed by a sharp increase in the years 1990s-2010s that matches the development of charged particle therapy in clinics worldwide and opened discussion on the true value of the RBE in proton beam therapy. Since the 2010s, a steady 200 papers, on average, have been published per year. The United States produced the most publications overall (N = 1,378) and Radiation Research was the most likely journal to have published articles related to the RBE (606 publications during this period). J. Debus was the most prolific author (112 contributions, with 2,900 citations). The RBE has captured the research interest of over 7,000 authors in the past decade alone. This study supports that notion that the growth of the body of evidence surrounding the RBE, which started 75 years ago, is far from reaching its end. Applications to medicine have continuously dominated the field, with physics competing with Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology for second place over the decades. Future research can be predicted to continue.
{"title":"Research Trends in the Study of the Relative Biological Effectiveness: A Bibliometric Study.","authors":"L Marignol, S J McMahon","doi":"10.1667/RADE-24-00023.1.S1","DOIUrl":"10.1667/RADE-24-00023.1.S1","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The relative biological effectiveness is a mathematical quantity first defined in the 1950s. This has resulted in more than 4,000 scientific papers published to date. Yet defining the correct value of the RBE to use in clinical practice remains a challenge. A scientific analysis in the radiation research literature can provide an understanding of how this mathematical quantity has evolved. The purpose of this study is to investigate documents published since 1950 using bibliometric indicators and network visualization. This analysis seeks to provide an assessment of global research activities, key themes, and RBE research within the radiation-related field. It strives to highlight top-performing authors, organizations, and nations that have made major contributions to this research domain, as well as their interactions. The Scopus Collection was searched for articles and reviews pertaining to RBE in radiation research from 1950 through 2023. Scopus and Bibiometrix analytic tools were used to investigate the most productive countries, researchers, collaboration networks, journals, along with the citation analysis of references and keywords. A total of 4,632 documents were retrieved produced by authors originating from 71 countries. Publication trends could be separated in 20-year groupings beginning with slow accrual from 1950 to 1970, an early rise from 1970-1990, followed by a sharp increase in the years 1990s-2010s that matches the development of charged particle therapy in clinics worldwide and opened discussion on the true value of the RBE in proton beam therapy. Since the 2010s, a steady 200 papers, on average, have been published per year. The United States produced the most publications overall (N = 1,378) and Radiation Research was the most likely journal to have published articles related to the RBE (606 publications during this period). J. Debus was the most prolific author (112 contributions, with 2,900 citations). The RBE has captured the research interest of over 7,000 authors in the past decade alone. This study supports that notion that the growth of the body of evidence surrounding the RBE, which started 75 years ago, is far from reaching its end. Applications to medicine have continuously dominated the field, with physics competing with Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology for second place over the decades. Future research can be predicted to continue.</p>","PeriodicalId":20903,"journal":{"name":"Radiation research","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2024-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141451375","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
William F Blakely, Matthias Port, Patrick Ostheim, Michael Abend
A multiple-parameter based approach using radiation-induced clinical signs and symptoms, hematology changes, cytogenetic chromosomal aberrations, and molecular biomarkers changes after radiation exposure is used for biodosimetry-based dose assessment. In the current article, relevant milestones from Radiation Research are documented that forms the basis of the current consensus approach for diagnostics after radiation exposure. For example, in 1962 the use of cytogenetic chromosomal aberration using the lymphocyte metaphase spread dicentric assay for biodosimetry applications was first published in Radiation Research. This assay is now complimented using other cytogenetic chromosomal aberration assays (i.e., chromosomal translocations, cytokinesis-blocked micronuclei, premature chromosome condensation, γ-H2AX foci, etc.). Changes in blood cell counts represent an early-phase biomarker for radiation exposures. Molecular biomarker changes have evolved to include panels of organ-specific plasma proteomic and blood-based gene expression biomarkers for radiation dose assessment. Maturation of these assays are shown by efforts for automated processing and scoring, development of point-of-care diagnostics devices, service laboratories inter-comparison exercises, and applications for dose and injury assessments in radiation accidents. An alternative and complementary approach has been advocated with the focus to de-emphasize "dose" and instead focus on predicting acute or delayed health effects. The same biomarkers used for dose estimation (e.g., lymphocyte counts) can be used to directly predict the later developing severity degree of acute health effects without performing dose estimation as an additional or intermediate step. This review illustrates contributing steps toward these developments published in Radiation Research.
{"title":"Radiation Research Society Journal-based Historical Review of the Use of Biomarkers for Radiation Dose and Injury Assessment: Acute Health Effects Predictions.","authors":"William F Blakely, Matthias Port, Patrick Ostheim, Michael Abend","doi":"10.1667/RADE-24-00121.1","DOIUrl":"10.1667/RADE-24-00121.1","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>A multiple-parameter based approach using radiation-induced clinical signs and symptoms, hematology changes, cytogenetic chromosomal aberrations, and molecular biomarkers changes after radiation exposure is used for biodosimetry-based dose assessment. In the current article, relevant milestones from Radiation Research are documented that forms the basis of the current consensus approach for diagnostics after radiation exposure. For example, in 1962 the use of cytogenetic chromosomal aberration using the lymphocyte metaphase spread dicentric assay for biodosimetry applications was first published in Radiation Research. This assay is now complimented using other cytogenetic chromosomal aberration assays (i.e., chromosomal translocations, cytokinesis-blocked micronuclei, premature chromosome condensation, γ-H2AX foci, etc.). Changes in blood cell counts represent an early-phase biomarker for radiation exposures. Molecular biomarker changes have evolved to include panels of organ-specific plasma proteomic and blood-based gene expression biomarkers for radiation dose assessment. Maturation of these assays are shown by efforts for automated processing and scoring, development of point-of-care diagnostics devices, service laboratories inter-comparison exercises, and applications for dose and injury assessments in radiation accidents. An alternative and complementary approach has been advocated with the focus to de-emphasize \"dose\" and instead focus on predicting acute or delayed health effects. The same biomarkers used for dose estimation (e.g., lymphocyte counts) can be used to directly predict the later developing severity degree of acute health effects without performing dose estimation as an additional or intermediate step. This review illustrates contributing steps toward these developments published in Radiation Research.</p>","PeriodicalId":20903,"journal":{"name":"Radiation research","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2024-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141470426","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Preparation for medical responses to major radiation accidents, further driven by increases in the threat of nuclear warfare, has led to a pressing need to understand the underlying mechanisms of radiation injury (RI) alone or in combination with other trauma (combined injury, CI). The identification of these mechanisms suggests molecules and signaling pathways that can be targeted to develop radiation medical countermeasures. Thus far, the United States Food and Drug Administration (U.S. FDA) has approved seven countermeasures to mitigate hematopoietic acute radiation syndrome (H-ARS), but no drugs are available for prophylaxis and no agents have been approved to combat the other sub-syndromes of ARS, let alone delayed effects of acute radiation exposure or the effects of combined injury. From its inception, Radiation Research has significantly contributed to the understanding of the underlying mechanisms of radiation injury and combined injury, and to the development of radiation medical countermeasures for these indications through the publication of peer-reviewed research and review articles.
核战争威胁的增加进一步推动了对重大辐射事故医疗响应的准备工作,这导致人们迫切需要了解辐射损伤(RI)单独或与其他创伤(合并损伤,CI)一起发生的基本机制。对这些机制的鉴定提示了可作为开发辐射医疗对策目标的分子和信号通路。迄今为止,美国食品和药物管理局(U.S. FDA)已经批准了六种缓解造血急性辐射综合征(H-ARS)的对策,但还没有用于预防的药物,也没有批准用于抗击 ARS 的其他亚综合征的药物,更不用说急性辐照的延迟效应或合并损伤的效应了。自成立以来,《辐射研究》通过发表同行评审的研究和评论文章,为了解辐射损伤和合并损伤的基本机制以及针对这些适应症的辐射医疗对策的开发做出了重大贡献。
{"title":"An Overview of Radiation Countermeasure Development in Radiation Research from 1954 to 2024.","authors":"Juliann G Kiang, Georgetta Cannon, Vijay K Singh","doi":"10.1667/RADE-24-00036.1","DOIUrl":"10.1667/RADE-24-00036.1","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Preparation for medical responses to major radiation accidents, further driven by increases in the threat of nuclear warfare, has led to a pressing need to understand the underlying mechanisms of radiation injury (RI) alone or in combination with other trauma (combined injury, CI). The identification of these mechanisms suggests molecules and signaling pathways that can be targeted to develop radiation medical countermeasures. Thus far, the United States Food and Drug Administration (U.S. FDA) has approved seven countermeasures to mitigate hematopoietic acute radiation syndrome (H-ARS), but no drugs are available for prophylaxis and no agents have been approved to combat the other sub-syndromes of ARS, let alone delayed effects of acute radiation exposure or the effects of combined injury. From its inception, Radiation Research has significantly contributed to the understanding of the underlying mechanisms of radiation injury and combined injury, and to the development of radiation medical countermeasures for these indications through the publication of peer-reviewed research and review articles.</p>","PeriodicalId":20903,"journal":{"name":"Radiation research","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2024-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141535147","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}