Reactive & Functional Polymers最新文献

{"title":"A novel bio-based polybenzoxazine prepared from fluorinated Schiff base and furfurylamine with superior thermal, flame-retardant and superhigh-frequency low dielectric properties","authors":"Zijian Feng ,&nbsp;Runyang Xiang ,&nbsp;Jie Huang ,&nbsp;Ming Zeng","doi":"10.1016/j.reactfunctpolym.2026.106654","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.reactfunctpolym.2026.106654","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>In pursuit of high-performance and environmentally friendly materials for superhigh-frequency communication applications, a novel biobased benzoxazine resin (poly(SF-f)) is firstly synthesized from fluorinated Schiff base based bisphenol (SF) and furfurylamine. The bulky fluorinated Schiff base structure in SF can impart low polarity, enhance flame retardancy, and reduce the density of polar group, while low polar and reactive furan ring in furfurylamine can increase the cross-linking density. Interestingly, the newly developed benzoxazine SF-f exhibits the lowest onset polymerization temperature, relatively high exothermic enthalpy, and relatively low activation energy compared to other similar structures, due to the presence of both Schiff base moiety and furan ring. Notably, the prepared benzoxazine resin displays good thermal and flame retardancy properties, including the glass transition temperature of 302 °C, the char yield at 800 °C of 56.5%, the limiting oxygen index of 40.10, the heat release capacity of 30.9 J/g K, the total heat release of 2.9 KJ/g, and UL-94 <em>V</em>-0 rating. Besides, the poly(SF-f) also shows low dielectric constants (2.73, 5 GHz; 2.68, 10 GHz) and low dielectric losses (0.0064, 5 GHz; 0.0062, 10 GHz), resulting from the increased cross-linking density, strengthened hydrogen-bonding, and decreased molecular polarity. Therefore, this study not only provides an effective method to design and prepare bio-benzoxazine resin containing Schiff base with good comprehensive properties of high thermally stable, intrinsic flame-retardant, and superhigh-frequency low dielectric properties, but also gives a new insight for the development of high-performance benzoxazine chemistry.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":20916,"journal":{"name":"Reactive & Functional Polymers","volume":"221 ","pages":"Article 106654"},"PeriodicalIF":5.1,"publicationDate":"2026-01-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146038461","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Photo-photo dual-cured vitrimer based on cardanol and glycerol derivatives","authors":"Austeja Leimontaite ,&nbsp;Aysu Nasiribouyony ,&nbsp;Sigita Grauzeliene ,&nbsp;Kastytis Pamakstys ,&nbsp;Visvaldas Varzinskas ,&nbsp;Jolita Ostrauskaite","doi":"10.1016/j.reactfunctpolym.2026.106655","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.reactfunctpolym.2026.106655","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This work presents the first photo-photo dual-curable vitrimer resin, representing a difference from previously reported dual-curable vitrimer resins that relied on photo-thermal curing of acrylate-epoxy formulations. The design, synthesis and characterization of a vitrimer based on cardanol and glycerol derivatives were performed. A life cycle assessment has shown that the fossil carbon footprint of epoxy cardanol resin NC-514S is 1.6 times lower than that of bisphenol A-based epoxy resins, confirming its suitability as a bio-based alternative to petroleum-based epoxy resin. Dual-curable resin compositions containing epoxidized cardanol resin NC-514S, different glycerol-based acrylates, and thiol pentaerythritol tetrakis(3-mercaptopropionate) were formulated to ensure both simultaneous cationic and radical photopolymerization. Photocuring kinetics studies revealed an optimal resin with viscosity and rheological characteristics close to those of common commercial 3D printing resins. The optimized resin containing 20 wt% of epoxidized cardanol resin NC-514S, 20 wt% of glycerol 1,3-diglycerolate diacrylate, 40 wt% of 2-hydroxy-3-phenoxypropyl acrylate, and 20 wt% of pentaerythritol tetrakis(3-mercaptopropionate demonstrated vitrimeric properties, including shape-memory recovery within 120 s above the topology freezing temperature and glass transition temperature, self-welding with a 76% increase in tensile strength and a 125% increase in Young's modulus after self-welding, and reprocessability with mechanical properties retained after 3 reprocessing cycles. These results demonstrate that synthesized vitrimer is a promising material for reconfigurable or reusable packaging and packaging component applications, as well as various other adaptive structures and devices, while supporting sustainable use in reprocessable materials and circular economy applications.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":20916,"journal":{"name":"Reactive & Functional Polymers","volume":"221 ","pages":"Article 106655"},"PeriodicalIF":5.1,"publicationDate":"2026-01-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146038459","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Synergistic toughening of polypropylene using recycled PVB and POE-g-MA via one-step reactive blending","authors":"Jingjing An ,&nbsp;Rui Wang ,&nbsp;Jianfeng Wang ,&nbsp;Yanyu Yang ,&nbsp;Wanjie Wang ,&nbsp;Yanxia Cao","doi":"10.1016/j.reactfunctpolym.2026.106653","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.reactfunctpolym.2026.106653","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>In this study, recycled poly(vinyl butyral) (r-PVB) and maleic anhydride grafted poly(ethylene-octene) (POE-g-MA) were employed to synergistically toughen polypropylene (PP) via one-step reactive melt blending. Results revealed that hydroxyl groups of r-PVB reacted with anhydride groups of POE-g-MA at the interface, generating in situ compatibilizers and significantly improving interfacial adhesion. Although thermodynamic predictions suggested that POE-g-MA should encapsulate r-PVB, the actual morphology was dominated by viscosity-driven kinetics, leading to the formation of a unique core-shell structure with r-PVB as the shell and POE-g-MA as the core. This morphology effectively promoted energy dissipation, enabling the PP/r-PVB/POE-g-MA (70/10/20) blend to achieve a notched impact strength of 78.0 kJ/m², which is 16.6 times higher than that of neat PP, thus realizing super-toughening. This work not only provides a new pathway for value-added recycling of r-PVB but also reveals a kinetic-dominated mechanism of phase morphology in reactive multicomponent blends.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":20916,"journal":{"name":"Reactive & Functional Polymers","volume":"221 ","pages":"Article 106653"},"PeriodicalIF":5.1,"publicationDate":"2026-01-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146038460","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Synthesis and characterization of biomimetic hybrid membranes based on a side chain liquid crystalline poly(2-oxazoline) for selective proton transport","authors":"Jordi Guardià ,&nbsp;Krzysztof Artur Bogdanowicz ,&nbsp;José Antonio Reina ,&nbsp;Marta Giamberini ,&nbsp;Agnieszka Iwan ,&nbsp;Xavier Montané","doi":"10.1016/j.reactfunctpolym.2026.106652","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.reactfunctpolym.2026.106652","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Designing biomimetic membranes with controlled and selective ion transport pathways is essential for next-generation electrochemical and energy-conversion systems. In this work, the cation transport properties of hybrid membranes composed of a side chain liquid crystalline poly(2-oxazoline), poly(2-(3,4,5-tris(4-dodecyloxybenzyloxy)phenyl)-2-oxazoline (PTOx40), supported on a polyester fabric were investigated. Polymer columns were homeotropically oriented by thermal treatment. X-ray diffraction revealed that hydrophobic substrates (fluorinated ethylene propylene resin and silanized glass) promoted better homeotropic orientation of the polymer columns than hydrophilic substrates (untreated glass). Wettability studies indicated comparable absorption behaviour for water and methanol in all membranes. Methanol uptake was consistently lower than that of water, highlighting their suitability for methanol-based hydrogen systems. Compared with Nafion® 117, these PTOx40-based membranes exhibited superior dimensional stability and a hydrophobic character. Cation transport was examined through electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS), permeability tests, and linear sweep voltammetry (LSV). Although EIS confirmed the non-ionic nature of these membranes, LSV measurements demonstrated that oriented membranes exhibited lower resistance densities than unoriented ones. This strong dependence on column alignment underscores the role of columnar self-assembly in facilitating selective ion transport. The PTOx40-based membranes exhibited lower absolute conductivity than Nafion® 117. However, they showed remarkable proton selectivity, highlighting their potential for proton-transfer applications in artificial photosynthesis and sustainable energy technologies.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":20916,"journal":{"name":"Reactive & Functional Polymers","volume":"221 ","pages":"Article 106652"},"PeriodicalIF":5.1,"publicationDate":"2026-01-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146038403","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Silane oligomer modified SiC and its application in polysilazane-based high-temperature resistant electrical insulation coatings","authors":"Zhaoqun Pan,&nbsp;Zhiliang Shen,&nbsp;Ming Zhong","doi":"10.1016/j.reactfunctpolym.2026.106651","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.reactfunctpolym.2026.106651","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>To satisfy the synergistic protection requirements of oxidation resistance and electrical insulation for copper substrates in high-temperature environments, this study developed a polysilazane-based composite coating with high-temperature resistance and electrical insulation properties. The composite protective coating was formulated with polysilazane serving as the matrix resin and silicon carbide (SiC) as the functional filler. Meanwhile, an oligomer modifier (DMS-560) was synthesized via the hydrolysis-condensation of dimethyldiethoxysilane (KH−212) and γ-glycidoxypropyltrimethoxysilane (KH-560) for SiC surface modification, which effectively improved the interfacial compatibility between SiC filler and the polysilazane matrix. Furthermore, SiC underwent hydroxylation treatment using hydrogen peroxide to increase the number of surface-active sites, thereby enhancing the grafting efficiency of the oligomer modifier. The chemical structural alterations of SiC powder before and after modification were analyzed using Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR) and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). The microstructural morphology of the resultant coatings was characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and their key properties—including high-temperature resistance, hydrophobicity, hardness, and electrical insulation—were systematically evaluated. The findings indicate that the modified SiC demonstrates significantly enhanced dispersibility within the coating, with a notable reduction in agglomeration. The coating maintains its structural integrity after exposure to high-temperature conditions at 750 °C for 30 min, exhibiting excellent hydrophobicity and high hardness (maintaining a hardness of 7H after baking at 750 °C), as well as superior electrical insulation. This study concludes that surface modification using the silane oligomer modifier effectively optimizes SiC filler dispersion and interfacial bonding, thus realizing the synergistic enhancement of thermal resistance and electrical-mechanical protective properties of the polysilazane/SiC composite coating.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":20916,"journal":{"name":"Reactive & Functional Polymers","volume":"221 ","pages":"Article 106651"},"PeriodicalIF":5.1,"publicationDate":"2026-01-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146079084","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Dual triumph over thermal and dielectric constraints: Nitrile-functionalized POSS revolutionizes phthalonitrile for extreme environments","authors":"Beibei Ji ,&nbsp;Qiyong Xu ,&nbsp;Yue Pan,&nbsp;Ke Duan,&nbsp;Wei Liao,&nbsp;Changping Yin,&nbsp;Suli Xing,&nbsp;Nan Wu","doi":"10.1016/j.reactfunctpolym.2026.106650","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.reactfunctpolym.2026.106650","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The pursuit of higher performance in the aerospace industry is pushing the limits of resin-based wave-transparent composites, demanding superior thermal resistance and lower dielectric constants. However, simultaneously optimizing thermal and dielectric performance in polymer matrices remains challenging due to their inherent trade-off. In this study, a novel polyhedral oligomeric silsesquioxane (POSS) monomer end-capped with phthalonitrile groups, TtSPPN, was synthesized and employed as an organic-inorganic copolymerization modifier to a baseline phthalonitrile resin (BPh). Results indicate that TtSPPN exhibited superior thermal stability, with a 5% thermal decomposition temperature (<em>T</em>_d5%) exceeding 500 °C. Owing to its terminal phthalonitrile groups, the modifier enables molecular-level dispersion and participates in copolymerization cross-linking. The copolymers demonstrated exceptional thermal properties, with a <em>T</em>_d5% reaching 584 °C and a glass transition temperature above 500 °C. Additionally, the incorporation of 5 wt% TtSPPN significantly reduced the dielectric constant and dielectric loss of the composite to 3.28 and 0.007 at 12 GHz, respectively, compared to 3.54 and 0.013 for pure BPh resin. Notably, the addition of TtSPPN into the cured samples significantly decreased water absorption. This study presents a novel design strategy for PN resins specifically engineered for extreme environments, demonstrating transformative potential for applications in high-performance composite materials.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":20916,"journal":{"name":"Reactive & Functional Polymers","volume":"221 ","pages":"Article 106650"},"PeriodicalIF":5.1,"publicationDate":"2026-01-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146038402","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Structure–reactivity relationships in DDQ-based charge-transfer complexes: Single-crystal XRD, spectroscopic, DFT studies and photoinitiation efficiency in cationic polymerization","authors":"Huseyin Cem Kiliclar ,&nbsp;Berkay Sütay ,&nbsp;Palani Natajaran ,&nbsp;Onder Metin ,&nbsp;Yusuf Yagci ,&nbsp;Kerem Kaya","doi":"10.1016/j.reactfunctpolym.2026.106649","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.reactfunctpolym.2026.106649","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Charge-transfer (CT) cocrystals of the strong <em>π</em>-acceptor 2,3-dichloro-5,6-dicyano-1,4-benzoquinone (DDQ) with a series of aromatic electron donor molecules, namely, <em>N</em>-ethylcarbazole (NEC), <em>p</em>-dimethoxybenzene (DMB) and diphenylacetylene (DPA), were prepared for the first time by solvent evaporation method and characterized by single-crystal X-ray diffraction, UV–Vis, NMR spectroscopy and theoretical studies. According to conducted measurements, all complexes crystallize in 1:1 donor–acceptor stoichiometry, with nearly planar <em>π</em>-systems that stack in alternating columns. While NEC-DDQ and DMB-DDQ pairs form strong face-to-face <em>π–π</em> stacks with centroid–centroid distances of 3.28 Å and 3.39 Å, respectively, DPA–DDQ complex shows a slipped geometry with partial overlap (larger shift distance) and weaker <em>π–π</em> interaction with centroid-centroid distance of 3.84 Å. NEC and DMB donors exhibited photoinitiation in the cationic polymerizations of cyclohexene oxide (CHO) and isobutyl vinyl ether (IBVE), under visible, white and near-infrared irradiation, attributed to their high electron-donating ability and favorable co-facial stacking with DDQ. In contrast, DPA-DDQ complex failed to initiate photocationic polymerization due to weak donor strength and poor <em>π–π</em> stacking. No complexes initiated ε-caprolactone (ECL) polymerization, indicating a need for stronger Lewis acid for the initiation. This study provides design principles for engineering solid-state CT photoinitiators via donor choice and crystal packing.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":20916,"journal":{"name":"Reactive & Functional Polymers","volume":"221 ","pages":"Article 106649"},"PeriodicalIF":5.1,"publicationDate":"2026-01-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146038405","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Smart supramolecular hydrogels as a potential platform for wound dressings: Harnessing thiamine to boost neomycin efficacy","authors":"Alexandra Lupu ,&nbsp;Luiza Madalina Gradinaru ,&nbsp;Maria Bercea ,&nbsp;Mihaela Avadanei ,&nbsp;Vasile Robert Gradinaru ,&nbsp;Irina Rosca ,&nbsp;Daniela Rusu","doi":"10.1016/j.reactfunctpolym.2026.106648","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.reactfunctpolym.2026.106648","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Novel water-soluble thermoresponsive polyurethanes containing Pluronic F127 and lysine- or hexametylene-based diisocyanate are synthesized via a controlled polymerization approach. Subsequently, composite hydrogels of poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA) and polyurethane (PU) are prepared and their morphological and rheological characteristics are systematically investigated. These physical networks are built through the combined action of two types of non-covalent interactions: hydrogen bonding (applying successive freezing/thawing cycles leads to the formation of a PVA network structure), and temperature-induced hydrophobic interactions (thermostating the samples at 37 °C changes the hydrophobic/hydrophilic balance and favors the gelation of PU micelles). This dual reinforcement strategy enhances the structural integrity and responsiveness of the composite matrix. The hydrogels are loaded with thiamine and neomycin sulfate to study their delivery in phosphate-buffered saline solution at pH = 7.4 and physiological temperature. In the presence of polyurethane, the release profile is dominated by both diffusional and relaxation contributions. The incorporation of different concentrations of a model active vitamin enhances the antibiotic delivery, but has no influence on the antimicrobial activity. Thus, this study opens a new window for the design of suitable eco-friendly biomaterials for wound dressing applications.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":20916,"journal":{"name":"Reactive & Functional Polymers","volume":"221 ","pages":"Article 106648"},"PeriodicalIF":5.1,"publicationDate":"2026-01-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145979968","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Exploring the use of pH-responsive alginate, cellulose nanocrystal and organosilane hybrid hydrogels for controlled berberine release","authors":"Elizangela Hafemann Fragal ,&nbsp;Kamila Augusta Leão de Oliveira ,&nbsp;Elisangela Pacheco da Silva ,&nbsp;Karina Miyuki Retamiro ,&nbsp;Celso Vataru Nakamura ,&nbsp;Rafael Silva ,&nbsp;Elias Basile Tambourgi ,&nbsp;Adley Forti Rubira","doi":"10.1016/j.reactfunctpolym.2026.106646","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.reactfunctpolym.2026.106646","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>A natural bioactive compound named berberine (Ber) has shown high therapeutic potential for chronic diseases, but suffers from extremely low gastrointestinal absorption, which limits its clinical application. In this work, we developed pH-responsive hybrid hydrogels based on sodium alginate (SA), cellulose nanocrystals (CNC), and 3-(trimethoxysilyl)propyl methacrylate (TMSPM) to enhance the intestinal bioavailability of Ber. The synthesis approach involved vinyl-functionalizing the SA and CNC to enable covalent crosslinking with the TMSPM via free-radical polymerization. Infrared spectroscopy confirmed the formation mechanism of the hybrid network, revealing covalent linkages (C-C, Si-O-C, and Si-O-Si) and non-covalent interactions (hydrogen bonding) among SA, CNC, and TMSPM. The hydrogel composed of SA containing 10% of CNC and 10% of TMPSM showed a Young's modulus 1.8-fold higher than that of the hydrogel containing 100% of SA. Swelling and release studies exhibited strong pH responsiveness, with sustained release at pH 7.4 (simulated intestinal fluid, SIF) and reduced diffusion at pH 1.2 (simulated gastric fluid, SGF). The optimized formulations sustained Ber release for up to 150 h, achieving 70–80% release at pH 7.4. The release of Ber was governed by super transport case II at pH 1.2 (faster release) and anomalous transport at pH 7.4 in a slower release, as confirmed by a reduced release rate constant. Cytotoxicity tests using the L929 fibroblast assay confirmed the biocompatibility of these hydrogels, supporting their potential as long-term, pH-responsive carriers for intestinal drug delivery and controlled therapeutic release.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":20916,"journal":{"name":"Reactive & Functional Polymers","volume":"221 ","pages":"Article 106646"},"PeriodicalIF":5.1,"publicationDate":"2026-01-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145979970","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A versatile platform of Quinolinoxazine monomers and polymers: Unlocking structure-property relationships in thermal stability, biological activity, and white-light emission","authors":"Abdulsalam Mahdy ,&nbsp;Jalal A. Zahra ,&nbsp;Violet Kasabri ,&nbsp;Randa N. Haddadin ,&nbsp;Osama Younis","doi":"10.1016/j.reactfunctpolym.2026.106647","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.reactfunctpolym.2026.106647","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>A novel and versatile platform of quinoline-based benzoxazine (quinolinoxazine) monomers and their corresponding polybenzoxazines has been developed to reveal deep insights into the structure–property correlations governing thermal robustness, biological functionality, and photophysical response. The monomers were synthesized from 8-hydroxyquinoline and a series of aliphatic diamines, thoroughly characterized via FTIR and NMR spectroscopy, and subsequently polymerized. The evolution of structure, curing dynamics, and thermal characteristics of the resulting polymers was comprehensively investigated through FTIR, DSC, and TGA analyses, while morphological and crystallographic features were examined using SEM and XRD. The results identified the diamine spacer length as a decisive factor in modulating polymer performance. Among them, Poly(QZ-C3), featuring a symmetric C3 linker, exhibited the highest glass transition temperature (Tg = 247 °C) and remarkable char yield (43%), correlating to an exceptional Limiting Oxygen Index (LOI) of 34.7%. Biological assays revealed compelling multifunctionality: Mono(QZ-C2) demonstrated broad-spectrum antimicrobial activity and high antioxidative DPPH radical scavenging capacities compared to the respective reference agents. Mono(QZ-C3) outperformed the reference NSAID indomethacin, exerting exceptional anti-inflammatory potency at the nanomolar level. All tested compounds displayed both selective cytotoxicity and differential anti-inflammatory/immunomodulatory physiologically regulated activities, outperforming the antineoplastic proapoptotic cisplatin in the majority of malignancy cell lines. None of the tested synthetic compounds exerted toxicity toward normal noncancerous cells (PDL fibroblasts or RAW264.7 macrophages), unlike cisplatin. Photoluminescence investigations further revealed concentration-dependent emission behavior in the monomers, resulting in solid-state white-light emission. Upon polymerization, the chromophores became effectively confined within the network, enabling excitation-dependent color tuning and stable white-light coordinates. Altogether, this study positions quinolinoxazines as a powerful multifunctional materials framework, deliberately integrating superior thermal stability, broad-spectrum bioactivity, and tunable luminescence through a unified molecular design, offering a strategic blueprint for the rational design of next-generation multifunctional polymers.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":20916,"journal":{"name":"Reactive & Functional Polymers","volume":"221 ","pages":"Article 106647"},"PeriodicalIF":5.1,"publicationDate":"2026-01-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145979966","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}