Reactive & Functional Polymers最新文献_第2页

Phase-transfer catalyzed cyanoethylation of resorcinol–formaldehyde resin: Synthesis and characterization 相转移催化间苯二酚-甲醛树脂氰乙基化：合成与表征

IF 5.1 3区工程技术 Q1 CHEMISTRY, APPLIED

Reactive & Functional Polymers

Pub Date : 2026-04-01 Epub Date: 2026-01-06 DOI: 10.1016/j.reactfunctpolym.2026.106638

Humaira Parveen , Nawaa Ali H. Alshammari , Nawaf Albeladi , Eman H. Tawfik , Hayat D. Zagloul , Hedia Ouni , M. Monier

In the current research, a novel cyanoethylated resorcinol–formaldehyde resin (RF-CN) was synthesized through phase-transfer catalysis (PTC) using acrylonitrile. The degree of cyanoethylation (DCE) was optimized through reaction condition manipulation and confirmed by gravimetry analysis, elemental analysis, and FTIR spectroscopy. Solid-state ¹³C NMR also confirmed structural modification through characteristic resonances of the introduced –CN groups. Morphological analysis via SEM displayed conspicuous changes in surface texture and porosity upon modification. Thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) demonstrated enhanced thermal stability of RF-CN through a two-stage degradation profile compared to the single-stage degradation of pure RF. Thermodynamic parameters (ΔG°, ΔH°, and ΔS°) and Van't Hoff analysis attested to the spontaneity and endothermicity of the functionalization under PTC. Kinetic studies via initial rate measurements allowed the estimation of activation energy, testifying to the catalytic efficiency of benzyltriphenyl phosphonium chloride (BTPP) in lowering the energy barrier of the reaction. Further, the versatility of RF-CN as a platform was testified by nucleophilic post-functionalization with hydroxylamine and salicylic acid hydrazide to give amidoxime (AOX-RF) and hydrazidine (SAH-RF) derivatives. The derivatives were characterized neatly by elemental analysis, FTIR, and ¹³C NMR, testifying to successful incorporation. Overall, this study describes a systematic approach to the design of functionalized RF-based sorbents with tunable properties for advanced applications.

本研究以丙烯腈为原料，通过相转移催化（PTC）合成了一种新型的氰乙基间苯二酚甲醛树脂（RF-CN）。通过控制反应条件，优化氰基乙化程度，并通过重量分析、元素分析和FTIR光谱进行验证。固态13C核磁共振也通过引入的-CN基团的特征共振证实了结构修饰。SEM形貌分析表明，改性后的表面结构和孔隙率发生了明显变化。热重分析（TGA）表明，与纯RF的单阶段降解相比，RF- cn通过两阶段降解谱增强了热稳定性。热力学参数（ΔG°，ΔH°和ΔS°）和Van't Hoff分析证明了PTC下官能化的自发性和吸热性。通过初始速率测量的动力学研究可以估计活化能，证明了苯三苯氯化磷（BTPP）在降低反应能垒方面的催化效率。此外，RF-CN作为平台的通用性通过与羟胺和水杨酸肼的亲核后功能化得到偕胺肟（AOX-RF）和肼（SAH-RF）衍生物得到证实。通过元素分析、FTIR和13C NMR对其进行了表征，证明了合成的成功。总体而言，本研究描述了一种系统的方法来设计具有可调性能的功能化rf吸附剂，用于高级应用。

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引用次数: 0

Structure–reactivity relationships in DDQ-based charge-transfer complexes: Single-crystal XRD, spectroscopic, DFT studies and photoinitiation efficiency in cationic polymerization ddq基电荷转移配合物的结构-反应性关系：单晶XRD，光谱，DFT研究和阳离子聚合中的光引发效率

IF 5.1 3区工程技术 Q1 CHEMISTRY, APPLIED

Reactive & Functional Polymers

Pub Date : 2026-04-01 Epub Date: 2026-01-12 DOI: 10.1016/j.reactfunctpolym.2026.106649

Huseyin Cem Kiliclar , Berkay Sütay , Palani Natajaran , Onder Metin , Yusuf Yagci , Kerem Kaya

Charge-transfer (CT) cocrystals of the strong π-acceptor 2,3-dichloro-5,6-dicyano-1,4-benzoquinone (DDQ) with a series of aromatic electron donor molecules, namely, N-ethylcarbazole (NEC), p-dimethoxybenzene (DMB) and diphenylacetylene (DPA), were prepared for the first time by solvent evaporation method and characterized by single-crystal X-ray diffraction, UV–Vis, NMR spectroscopy and theoretical studies. According to conducted measurements, all complexes crystallize in 1:1 donor–acceptor stoichiometry, with nearly planar π-systems that stack in alternating columns. While NEC-DDQ and DMB-DDQ pairs form strong face-to-face π–π stacks with centroid–centroid distances of 3.28 Å and 3.39 Å, respectively, DPA–DDQ complex shows a slipped geometry with partial overlap (larger shift distance) and weaker π–π interaction with centroid-centroid distance of 3.84 Å. NEC and DMB donors exhibited photoinitiation in the cationic polymerizations of cyclohexene oxide (CHO) and isobutyl vinyl ether (IBVE), under visible, white and near-infrared irradiation, attributed to their high electron-donating ability and favorable co-facial stacking with DDQ. In contrast, DPA-DDQ complex failed to initiate photocationic polymerization due to weak donor strength and poor π–π stacking. No complexes initiated ε-caprolactone (ECL) polymerization, indicating a need for stronger Lewis acid for the initiation. This study provides design principles for engineering solid-state CT photoinitiators via donor choice and crystal packing.

采用溶剂蒸发法制备了强π受体2,3-二氯-5,6-二氰-1,4-苯醌（DDQ）与n -乙基咔唑（NEC）、对二甲氧基苯（DMB）和二苯乙炔（DPA）的电荷转移（CT）共晶，并通过单晶x射线衍射、紫外可见光谱、核磁共振光谱和理论研究对其进行了表征。根据进行的测量，所有配合物结晶在1:1的供体-受体化学计量，与近平面π系统，堆叠在交替列。NEC-DDQ复合物和DMB-DDQ复合物在质心-质心距离分别为3.28 Å和3.39 Å时形成了强的面对π -π叠加，而DPA-DDQ复合物在质心-质心距离为3.84 Å时呈现出部分重叠（移位距离较大）和较弱的π -π相互作用的滑移几何。在可见光、白光和近红外照射下，NEC和DMB给体在环氧环己烯（CHO）和异丁基乙烯基醚（IBVE）的阳离子聚合中表现出光引发反应，这是由于它们具有较高的给电子能力和与DDQ良好的共面堆积。相比之下，DPA-DDQ配合物由于给体强度较弱和π -π堆积较差而无法引发光催化聚合。没有配合物引发ε-己内酯（ECL）聚合，表明需要较强的Lewis酸引发。该研究通过供体选择和晶体包装为工程固态CT光引发剂提供了设计原则。

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引用次数: 0

Synthesis of an aromatic polyester for enhanced mechanical properties of stereolithography resins 增强立体光刻树脂机械性能的芳香族聚酯的合成

IF 5.1 3区工程技术 Q1 CHEMISTRY, APPLIED

Reactive & Functional Polymers

Pub Date : 2026-04-01 Epub Date: 2026-01-19 DOI: 10.1016/j.reactfunctpolym.2026.106656

Lifang Lin , Wei Cao , Hongbo Liu , Zhaoxi Zhou , Haopeng Wang , Qiming Chen , Xiaowen Pu , Dhandapani Kuzhandaivel , Zixiang Weng , Lixin Wu

The widespread adoption of vat photopolymerization (VPP) 3D printing for creating functional load-bearing components is often constrained by the inherent brittleness of photocurable stereolithography resins (SLRs), which typically exhibit high rigidity but low fracture toughness. To overcome this limitation, we designed and synthesized a novel low-molecular-weight aromatic copolyester, poly(adipic acid-co-phthalic acid)-co-(1,4-butanediol-co-neopentyl glycol) (PABN), which serves as a multifunctional toughening modifier. The PABN architecture was strategically engineered to incorporate rigid aromatic segments for enhanced thermal and mechanical properties, methyl-functionalized side chains to inhibit crystallization and promote chain mobility, and terminal carboxyl groups to form covalent bonds with the epoxy matrix, ensuring robust interfacial adhesion. This polyester was synthesized via melt polycondensation and incorporated into a commercial SLR formulation to create a series of SLR/PABN hybrid systems with varying polyester contents. Remarkably, the hybrid system containing 10 wt% PABN achieved a superior balance of properties, exhibiting simultaneous and significant enhancements in toughness, stiffness, and strength. Specifically, it increased the fracture toughness (K_IC), elongation at break, elastic modulus, and hardness by approximately 18.2%, 70.0%, 65.2%, and 80.6%, respectively, compared to the unmodified resin. Furthermore, the hybrid resin maintained a suitable viscosity for processing and exhibited good stability. Atomic force microscopy (AFM) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) analyses revealed a phase-separated morphology that facilitated effective energy dissipation in the device. This study validates a sophisticated molecular-level design strategy for aromatic polyesters, providing a viable pathway for developing high-performance, toughened, photocurable resins for demanding industrial applications in additive manufacturing.

使用还原光聚合（VPP） 3D打印来制造功能性承载部件，通常受到光固化立体光刻树脂（slr）固有脆性的限制，这种树脂通常具有高刚性但低断裂韧性。为了克服这一限制，我们设计并合成了一种新型的低分子量芳香族共聚酯——聚己二酸-邻苯二酸-co-（1,4-丁二醇-co-新戊二醇）（PABN），作为多功能增韧改性剂。PABN结构经过精心设计，加入刚性芳香段以增强热性能和机械性能，甲基功能化侧链以抑制结晶并促进链迁移，末端羧基与环氧基形成共价键，确保牢固的界面粘附。该聚酯通过熔融缩聚合成，并加入到商业SLR配方中，以创建一系列不同聚酯含量的SLR/PABN混合体系。值得注意的是，含有10 wt% PABN的混合体系实现了优异的性能平衡，同时表现出韧性、刚度和强度的显著增强。具体来说，与未改性的树脂相比，它的断裂韧性（KIC）、断裂伸长率、弹性模量和硬度分别提高了约18.2%、70.0%、65.2%和80.6%。此外，混合树脂在加工过程中保持了合适的粘度，并表现出良好的稳定性。原子力显微镜（AFM）和扫描电子显微镜（SEM）分析显示，相分离的形态有利于有效的能量耗散在器件中。这项研究验证了芳香族聚酯复杂的分子水平设计策略，为开发高性能、增韧、光固化树脂提供了可行的途径，以满足增材制造中苛刻的工业应用。

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引用次数: 0

Synergistic toughening of polypropylene using recycled PVB and POE-g-MA via one-step reactive blending 回收PVB与POE-g-MA一步反应共混增韧聚丙烯的研究

IF 5.1 3区工程技术 Q1 CHEMISTRY, APPLIED

Reactive & Functional Polymers

Pub Date : 2026-04-01 Epub Date: 2026-01-15 DOI: 10.1016/j.reactfunctpolym.2026.106653

Jingjing An , Rui Wang , Jianfeng Wang , Yanyu Yang , Wanjie Wang , Yanxia Cao

In this study, recycled poly(vinyl butyral) (r-PVB) and maleic anhydride grafted poly(ethylene-octene) (POE-g-MA) were employed to synergistically toughen polypropylene (PP) via one-step reactive melt blending. Results revealed that hydroxyl groups of r-PVB reacted with anhydride groups of POE-g-MA at the interface, generating in situ compatibilizers and significantly improving interfacial adhesion. Although thermodynamic predictions suggested that POE-g-MA should encapsulate r-PVB, the actual morphology was dominated by viscosity-driven kinetics, leading to the formation of a unique core-shell structure with r-PVB as the shell and POE-g-MA as the core. This morphology effectively promoted energy dissipation, enabling the PP/r-PVB/POE-g-MA (70/10/20) blend to achieve a notched impact strength of 78.0 kJ/m², which is 16.6 times higher than that of neat PP, thus realizing super-toughening. This work not only provides a new pathway for value-added recycling of r-PVB but also reveals a kinetic-dominated mechanism of phase morphology in reactive multicomponent blends.

本研究利用再生聚乙烯醇丁醛（r-PVB）和马来酸酐接枝聚乙烯-辛烯（POE-g-MA），通过一步反应熔融共混对聚丙烯（PP）进行增韧。结果表明，r-PVB的羟基与POE-g-MA的酸酐基团在界面处发生反应，生成了原位相容剂，显著提高了界面的附着力。尽管热力学预测表明POE-g-MA应该包裹r-PVB，但实际形态是由粘度驱动的动力学主导的，导致形成了以r-PVB为壳，POE-g-MA为核的独特核壳结构。这种形态有效地促进了能量的耗散，使PP/r-PVB/POE-g-MA（70/10/20）共混物的缺口冲击强度达到78.0 kJ/m2，是纯PP的16.6倍，实现了超增韧。这项工作不仅为r-PVB的增值回收提供了新的途径，而且揭示了反应性多组分共混物中以动力学为主导的相形态机制。

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引用次数: 0

Rigid highly hydrophobic polyvinyl formal sponges via dual glutaraldehyde crosslinking and silane grafting for high-performance oil sorption 采用双戊二醛交联和硅烷接枝制备的刚性高疏水性聚乙烯醇形式海绵

IF 5.1 3区工程技术 Q1 CHEMISTRY, APPLIED

Reactive & Functional Polymers

Pub Date : 2026-04-01 Epub Date: 2026-01-21 DOI: 10.1016/j.reactfunctpolym.2026.106658

Junyi Lin , Chuanzhuang Zhao , Li Zhang

Mechanical fragility under liquid-saturated conditions remains a critical limitation of conventional porous oil sorbents, including many polyvinyl formal (PVF) sponges that primarily rely on surface wettability optimization. In this work, a mechanically reinforced and highly hydrophobic PVF sponge is developed through a chemically integrated two-step modification strategy. First, a secondary glutaraldehyde-induced acetal crosslinking process is employed to densify the PVF network and substantially enhance structural rigidity. Subsequently, covalent grafting of dodecyltrimethoxysilane introduces low-surface-energy alkyl chains and hierarchical micro/nanoscale surface roughness, yielding stable hydrophobicity with a water contact angle of 131°, maintained under acidic, alkaline, and saline environments. The resulting sponge exhibits selective adsorption toward a broad range of organic solvents both on and beneath the water surface, with an adsorption capacity of up to 9.1 g g⁻¹. Notably, the material retains a high compressive strength of 3.38 MPa even in the saturated state, effectively preventing structural collapse and secondary leakage during oil recovery. In emulsion separation, the sponge achieves an ultrahigh oil flux of 2.9 × 10⁴ L m⁻² h⁻¹ bar⁻¹ for water-in-oil emulsions and maintains over 94% removal efficiency for oil-in-water emulsions across 10 consecutive cycles. By directly addressing the mechanical instability of conventional PVF sorbents through covalent network reinforcement, this study offers a robust design strategy for developing durable functional polymer sponges for oil–water separation applications.

液体饱和条件下的机械脆弱性仍然是传统多孔吸油剂的一个关键限制，包括许多主要依赖于表面润湿性优化的聚乙烯醇（PVF）海绵。在这项工作中，通过化学集成的两步改性策略，开发了一种机械增强和高度疏水性的PVF海绵。首先，采用二次戊二醛诱导缩醛交联工艺使PVF网络致密化，并大大提高结构刚度。随后，十二烷基三甲氧基硅烷的共价接枝引入了低表面能烷基链和分层微/纳米级表面粗糙度，产生了稳定的疏水性，水接触角为131°，在酸性、碱性和盐水环境下都能保持。所得海绵对各种有机溶剂均有选择性吸附，吸附量高达9.1 g g−1。值得注意的是，即使在饱和状态下，该材料也保持了3.38 MPa的高抗压强度，有效地防止了采油过程中的结构坍塌和二次泄漏。在乳状液分离中，海绵对油包水乳状液的油通量达到2.9 × 104 L m−2 h−1 bar−1，在连续10个循环中对油包水乳状液的去除率保持在94%以上。通过共价网络增强直接解决传统PVF吸附剂的机械不稳定性问题，该研究为开发用于油水分离的耐用功能聚合物海绵提供了强大的设计策略。

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引用次数: 0

Smart supramolecular hydrogels as a potential platform for wound dressings: Harnessing thiamine to boost neomycin efficacy 智能超分子水凝胶作为伤口敷料的潜在平台：利用硫胺素提高新霉素的功效

IF 5.1 3区工程技术 Q1 CHEMISTRY, APPLIED

Reactive & Functional Polymers

Pub Date : 2026-04-01 Epub Date: 2026-01-12 DOI: 10.1016/j.reactfunctpolym.2026.106648

Alexandra Lupu , Luiza Madalina Gradinaru , Maria Bercea , Mihaela Avadanei , Vasile Robert Gradinaru , Irina Rosca , Daniela Rusu

Novel water-soluble thermoresponsive polyurethanes containing Pluronic F127 and lysine- or hexametylene-based diisocyanate are synthesized via a controlled polymerization approach. Subsequently, composite hydrogels of poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA) and polyurethane (PU) are prepared and their morphological and rheological characteristics are systematically investigated. These physical networks are built through the combined action of two types of non-covalent interactions: hydrogen bonding (applying successive freezing/thawing cycles leads to the formation of a PVA network structure), and temperature-induced hydrophobic interactions (thermostating the samples at 37 °C changes the hydrophobic/hydrophilic balance and favors the gelation of PU micelles). This dual reinforcement strategy enhances the structural integrity and responsiveness of the composite matrix. The hydrogels are loaded with thiamine and neomycin sulfate to study their delivery in phosphate-buffered saline solution at pH = 7.4 and physiological temperature. In the presence of polyurethane, the release profile is dominated by both diffusional and relaxation contributions. The incorporation of different concentrations of a model active vitamin enhances the antibiotic delivery, but has no influence on the antimicrobial activity. Thus, this study opens a new window for the design of suitable eco-friendly biomaterials for wound dressing applications.

通过控制聚合方法合成了含有Pluronic F127和赖氨酸或六亚甲基二异氰酸酯的新型水溶性热敏聚氨酯。随后，制备了聚乙烯醇（PVA）和聚氨酯（PU）的复合水凝胶，并对其形态和流变特性进行了系统的研究。这些物理网络是通过两种非共价相互作用的共同作用建立的：氢键（施加连续的冷冻/解冻循环导致PVA网络结构的形成）和温度诱导的疏水相互作用（在37°C下加热样品改变疏水/亲水平衡，有利于PU胶束的凝胶化）。这种双重加固策略提高了复合材料基体的结构完整性和响应性。将硫胺素和硫酸新霉素装入水凝胶，研究其在pH = 7.4和生理温度下在磷酸盐缓冲盐水溶液中的传递。在聚氨酯存在的情况下，释放曲线主要由扩散和弛豫两种作用主导。不同浓度的模型活性维生素的掺入增强了抗生素的传递，但对抗菌活性没有影响。因此，本研究为设计适合伤口敷料应用的生态友好型生物材料打开了新的窗口。

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引用次数: 0

Mitigating aggregation near isoelectric point in amphoteric acrylic polymers for high-performance chrome-free leather retanning 减少两性丙烯酸聚合物在等电点附近的聚集，用于高性能无铬皮革复鞣

IF 5.1 3区工程技术 Q1 CHEMISTRY, APPLIED

Reactive & Functional Polymers

Pub Date : 2026-04-01 Epub Date: 2026-01-05 DOI: 10.1016/j.reactfunctpolym.2026.106639

Qijun Li , Yudan Yi , Haoyue Li , Bi Shi , Ya-nan Wang

Amphoteric acrylic polymers offer a promising solution to the incompatibility between innovative chrome-free tanning methods and conventional anionic chemicals, making them ideal retanning agents for sustainable leather production. However, their practical application is severely limited by their propensity for aggregation around the isoelectric point (pI). In this study, a series of amphoteric acrylic polymers (PDAs) were synthesized by adjusting the molar ratio of dimethylaminopropyl methacrylamide (DMAPMA) to acrylic acid (AA) to achieve tailored pIs (4.11–5.29). The PDA solutions exhibited high stability and remained transparent near their pIs, with a turbidity below 3.0 NTU. Notably, PDA with lower pI exhibited higher uptake rate in retanning process. PDA_0.5 (DMAPMA/AA molar ratio 0.5:1, pI 4.24) exhibited the most uniform penetration within chrome-free tanned leather among the synthetized PDAs, which can be attributed to its stable solution property and optimal charge regulation ability. Consequently, PDA_0.5 retanned leather showed more uniform dispersion of post-tanning chemicals, enhanced fullness and higher porosity (54.24 %) compared to leather retanned with other PDAs or a commercial amphoteric retanning agent. The non-aggregating nature of the PDAs at their pI conferred superior retanning performance, thus enabling more efficient chrome-free leather processing.

两性丙烯酸聚合物为创新的无铬鞣制方法和传统阴离子化学品之间的不兼容性提供了一个有希望的解决方案，使其成为可持续皮革生产的理想复鞣剂。然而，它们的实际应用受到它们在等电点（pI）周围聚集的倾向的严重限制。本研究通过调节二甲氨基丙基甲基丙烯酰胺（DMAPMA）与丙烯酸（AA）的摩尔比，合成了一系列两性丙烯酸聚合物（pda），实现了定制化的pIs（4.11-5.29）。PDA溶液稳定性高，在pi附近保持透明，浊度低于3.0 NTU。值得注意的是，pI越低的PDA在复鞣过程中吸收速率越高。PDA0.5 （DMAPMA/AA摩尔比为0.5:1，pI为4.24）在无铬鞣制皮革中渗透最均匀，这归功于其稳定的溶液性能和最佳的电荷调节能力。因此，与其他pda或商用两性复鞣剂复鞣的皮革相比，PDA0.5复鞣皮革具有更均匀的复鞣后化学物质分散，增强丰满度和更高的孔隙率（54.24%）。pda在pI处的非聚合特性赋予了卓越的复鞣性能，从而实现了更高效的无铬皮革加工。

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引用次数: 0

Exploring hydroquinone as a non‑sulfur curing agent on epoxidized natural rubber towards the development of highly stretchable and transparent elastomeric composites 探索对苯二酚作为环氧化天然橡胶的非硫固化剂，朝着高拉伸透明弹性复合材料的方向发展

IF 5.1 3区工程技术 Q1 CHEMISTRY, APPLIED

Reactive & Functional Polymers

Pub Date : 2026-04-01 Epub Date: 2025-12-28 DOI: 10.1016/j.reactfunctpolym.2025.106622

Praveen Balaji T , Andreas Seifert , Arnab Sarkar , Susanta Banerjee , Soumyadip Choudhury

Epoxidized natural rubber possesses dual functionality due to the presence of double bonds and epoxide groups. The double bonds can undergo traditional vulcanization, while the epoxide groups allow for an alternative pathway for crosslinking. This study investigates the crosslinking behavior of epoxidized natural rubber (ENR) when treated with hydroquinone (HQ) as a curing additive. The findings indicate that HQ can significantly initiate and cure ENR, a conclusion supported by FTIR analysis. The electrostatic interaction between the hydroxyl group of HQ and the less sterically hindered C-O-C carbon of the epoxide group effectively initiates the curing process. As the dosage of HQ and the epoxy content in ENR (specifically ENR-25 and ENR-50) increase, there is a noticeable rise in crosslinking density and rheometric torque in the rubber composites. This enhancement results in greater hardness, tensile strength, and both static and dynamic moduli. Additionally, the introduction of HQ into the ENR compounds contributes to the development of a crosslinked network, which increases the glass transition temperature (T_g) of the ENR materials. The composites produced from this innovative network can be utilized in various applications, including stretchable electronics and flexible robotics. Furthermore, these composites demonstrate significant optical transparency, making them suitable for transparent coatings and optical-grade elastomeric applications. This transparency, combined with mechanical durability and thermal stability, expands their potential uses in high-performance coatings and protective layers for electronic devices, as well as in stretchable electronic applications.

环氧化天然橡胶由于双键和环氧基团的存在而具有双重功能。双键可以进行传统的硫化，而环氧基团允许交联的替代途径。研究了以对苯二酚（HQ）作为硫化剂处理环氧化天然橡胶（ENR）的交联行为。研究结果表明，黄芪可显著引发和治愈ENR， FTIR分析支持这一结论。氢氧化氢的羟基与环氧基的C-O-C碳之间的静电相互作用有效地启动了固化过程。随着HQ用量的增加和ENR（特别是ENR-25和ENR-50）中环氧树脂含量的增加，橡胶复合材料的交联密度和流变扭矩明显增加。这种增强导致更高的硬度，抗拉强度，以及静态和动态模量。此外，将HQ引入到ENR化合物中有助于形成交联网络，从而提高ENR材料的玻璃化转变温度（Tg）。由这种创新网络生产的复合材料可用于各种应用，包括可拉伸电子和柔性机器人。此外，这些复合材料表现出显著的光学透明度，使其适用于透明涂层和光学级弹性体应用。这种透明度，结合机械耐久性和热稳定性，扩大了它们在高性能涂层和电子设备保护层以及可拉伸电子应用中的潜在用途。

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引用次数: 0

RVG29-modified PAA-PEG nanocarriers enable synaptic cleft crossing and neuronal delivery rvg29修饰的PAA-PEG纳米载体可实现突触间隙交叉和神经元传递

IF 5.1 3区工程技术 Q1 CHEMISTRY, APPLIED

Reactive & Functional Polymers

Pub Date : 2026-04-01 Epub Date: 2026-01-22 DOI: 10.1016/j.reactfunctpolym.2026.106663

Haitao Liu , Hengde Li , Saman Hamidi , Xi Chen , Mohsen Adeli , Angelo H. All

Targeted therapy for the central nervous system (CNS) has traditionally relied on intravenous injections or direct intracerebroventricular delivery. Recently, neuronal transport-mediated delivery from the periphery to the CNS, such as intranasal, has emerged as a promising alternative. The rabies virus is capable of efficiently entering the CNS via the neuromuscular junction, intra-axonal retrograde transport and synaptic cleft crossing, thus bypassing the restrictive blood-brain barrier (BBB). RVG29, a peptide derived from the rabies virus glycoprotein, exhibits excellent neurotropic properties. Inspired by this concept, we designed a novel brain-targeted system, PAA-PEG-RVG29, consisting of poly(amido amine)s (PAAs) functionalized with poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG) to reduce cytotoxicity and aggregation, and conjugated with RVG29 to enhance neuronal transport capability. Moreover, Rhodamine B (RhB) was loaded into this system as a model cargo by intermolecular hydrogen bonding, and its efficiency for intra- and inter-neuronal distribution was evaluated. PAA-PEG-RVG29 (RhB) exhibited a hydrodynamic radius of 29.9 nm, a zeta potential of +25 mV, and a RhB loading capacity of 36.4 μg/mg. Cytotoxicity and cellular uptake studies demonstrated promising biocompatibility and efficient internalization in Neuro2a, NSC34, and primary neurons. Furthermore, patch-clamp electrophysiology confirmed that there was no significant alteration effect on primary spinal neuronal action potential generation and propagation. In a two-compartment microfluidic chamber, PAA-PEG-RVG29 (RhB) exhibited effective retrograde axonal transport. A three-compartment chamber further showed progressive trans-synaptic delivery to neighboring neuronal somas. These results highlight the potential of PAA-PEG-RVG29 (RhB) for neuronal transport and synaptic cleft crossing, offering a promising strategy for neuronal delivery, bioimaging, and tracking.

中枢神经系统（CNS）的靶向治疗传统上依赖于静脉注射或直接脑室内给药。最近，神经转运介导从外周到中枢神经系统的递送，如鼻内递送，已成为一种有希望的替代方法。狂犬病毒能够通过神经肌肉连接处、轴突内逆行运输和突触间隙交叉有效进入中枢神经系统，从而绕过限制性血脑屏障（BBB）。RVG29是一种从狂犬病毒糖蛋白中提取的肽，具有优良的嗜神经性。受这一概念的启发，我们设计了一种新的脑靶向系统PAA-PEG-RVG29，该系统由聚乙二醇（PEG）功能化的聚氨基胺（PAAs）组成，以降低细胞毒性和聚集，并与RVG29偶联以增强神经元运输能力。此外，将罗丹明B （Rhodamine B, RhB）作为模型货物通过分子间氢键加载到该系统中，并对其在神经元内和神经元间的分布效率进行了评价。PAA-PEG-RVG29 （RhB）的水动力半径为29.9 nm， zeta电位为+25 mV， RhB负载量为36.4 μg/mg。细胞毒性和细胞摄取研究表明，Neuro2a、NSC34和初级神经元具有良好的生物相容性和有效的内化。此外，膜片钳电生理证实对原代脊髓神经元动作电位的产生和传播没有明显的改变作用。在双室微流控室中，PAA-PEG-RVG29 （RhB）表现出有效的轴突逆行转运。三室室进一步显示进行性跨突触传递到邻近的神经元体。这些结果突出了PAA-PEG-RVG29 （RhB）在神经元转运和突触间隙交叉方面的潜力，为神经元传递、生物成像和跟踪提供了一种有前途的策略。

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引用次数: 0

Reactive nitrogen–boron polyols for flame-retardant and low-smoke rigid polyurethane foams 阻燃和低烟硬质聚氨酯泡沫用活性氮硼多元醇

IF 5.1 3区工程技术 Q1 CHEMISTRY, APPLIED

Reactive & Functional Polymers

Pub Date : 2026-04-01 Epub Date: 2026-01-06 DOI: 10.1016/j.reactfunctpolym.2026.106641

Xiaoyan Sun , Ziheng Zhao , Chunfan Xu , Min Hao , Madeleine Bussemaker , Lian X. Liu , Ru Zhou

Rigid polyurethane foam (RPUF) is extensively employed in construction and transportation for its superior insulation and structural integrity. However, its inherent high flammability restricts its utility across various applications. The excessive use of traditional flame retardants can lead to a reduction in the physical properties of materials and the generation of toxic by-products during combustion. To address this challenge, we developed an innovative flame-retardant system for RPUF, using nitrogen-containing polyols synthesized from formaldehyde and melamine, and replacing traditional polyols with 2-methyl-1,3-propanediol (MPD), alongside boron-containing polyols derived from glycerol and boric acid. The incorporation of nitrogen- and boron-containing polyols at a 1:1 ratio has markedly raised the limiting oxygen index of RPUF from 19.1 % (pure RPUF) to 26.8 % while maintaining its mechanical properties, with the compressive strength ranging from 0.48 MPa to 0.50 MPa. Compared to traditional polyether polyols, MPD offers an environmentally friendly alternative by reducing toxic byproduct emissions during combustion, providing a safer profile in fire scenarios. Additionally, compared to pure RPUF, the total heat release and total smoke production were significantly reduced by 68.8 % and 52.4 %, respectively. Thermogravimetric analysis demonstrated enhanced thermal stability and char-forming ability, further confirmed by scanning electron microscopy. These findings suggest that the newly developed system has great potential for enhancing RPUF's flame retardancy and smoke reduction while maintaining its mechanical properties at the same time.

硬质聚氨酯泡沫（RPUF）因其优异的绝缘性和结构完整性被广泛应用于建筑和运输领域。然而，其固有的高可燃性限制了其在各种应用中的应用。传统阻燃剂的过量使用会导致材料的物理性能下降，并在燃烧过程中产生有毒副产物。为了应对这一挑战，我们开发了一种创新的RPUF阻燃系统，使用由甲醛和三聚氰胺合成的含氮多元醇，用2-甲基-1,3-丙二醇（MPD）取代传统的多元醇，以及由甘油和硼酸合成的含硼多元醇。含氮和含硼多元醇按1:1的比例掺入后，RPUF的极限氧指数从19.1%（纯RPUF）显著提高到26.8%，同时保持了RPUF的力学性能，抗压强度在0.48 ~ 0.50 MPa之间。与传统的聚醚多元醇相比，MPD通过减少燃烧过程中的有毒副产物排放，提供了一种环保的替代品，在火灾情况下提供了更安全的环境。此外，与纯RPUF相比，总放热量和总烟雾产量分别显著降低了68.8%和52.4%。热重分析表明其热稳定性和成炭能力增强，扫描电镜进一步证实了这一点。这些结果表明，新开发的体系在保持RPUF的力学性能的同时，具有提高RPUF的阻燃性和减烟性的巨大潜力。

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引用次数: 0