Reactive & Functional Polymers最新文献_第2页

Molecular dynamics simulation and curing kinetics of recycled PET /PEGc toughened epoxy resin

IF 4.5 3区工程技术 Q1 CHEMISTRY, APPLIED

Reactive & Functional Polymers

Pub Date : 2025-02-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.reactfunctpolym.2024.106142

Yanyou Huang, Liangdong Ye, Qiaoyan Wei, Dacheng Li, Zengju Wu, Liling Zhang, Chuanheng Yu, Ziwei Li, Shaorong Lu

Enhancing the toughness of epoxy resin (EP) and optimizing the recovery of polyethylene terephthalate (PET) constitute significant challenges in current product manufacturing and environmental protection domains. In this work, toughening of epoxy resin was studied using recycled polyethylene terephthalate (rPET) as toughening agent and multi-carboxyl polyethylene glycol (PEGc) synthesized from polyethylene glycol and trimellitic anhydride as a modifier. Mechanical property tests indicated that the addition of 6 phr of rPET increased the impact strength of the epoxy resin from 6.77 ± 2.26 kJ/m² to 19.10 ± 3.53 kJ/m². Moreover, the further addition of PEGc could produce a significant toughening effect with rPET. Specifically, the impact strength, tensile strength, and elastic modulus of the epoxy resin containing 6 phr of rPET and 15 phr of PEGc increased by 318.8 %, 13.9 %, and 23.9 %, respectively, compared with those of pure EP. The significant toughening effect is attributed to the skeleton provided by rPET and flexible molecular chains provided by PEGc. Meanwhile, the results of molecular dynamics simulation confirmed that PEGc can effectively enhance the modulus of rPET/EP composites. Through the curing kinetic parameters obtained from non-isothermal DSC tests, the Kamal autocatalytic model was found to better describe the curing reaction process of the epoxy composites. This work provides a low-cost route for fabricating epoxy composites with excellent toughness.

{"title":"Molecular dynamics simulation and curing kinetics of recycled PET /PEGc toughened epoxy resin","authors":"Yanyou Huang, Liangdong Ye, Qiaoyan Wei, Dacheng Li, Zengju Wu, Liling Zhang, Chuanheng Yu, Ziwei Li, Shaorong Lu","doi":"10.1016/j.reactfunctpolym.2024.106142","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.reactfunctpolym.2024.106142","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Enhancing the toughness of epoxy resin (EP) and optimizing the recovery of polyethylene terephthalate (PET) constitute significant challenges in current product manufacturing and environmental protection domains. In this work, toughening of epoxy resin was studied using recycled polyethylene terephthalate (rPET) as toughening agent and multi-carboxyl polyethylene glycol (PEGc) synthesized from polyethylene glycol and trimellitic anhydride as a modifier. Mechanical property tests indicated that the addition of 6 phr of rPET increased the impact strength of the epoxy resin from 6.77 ± 2.26 kJ/m<sup>2</sup> to 19.10 ± 3.53 kJ/m<sup>2</sup>. Moreover, the further addition of PEGc could produce a significant toughening effect with rPET. Specifically, the impact strength, tensile strength, and elastic modulus of the epoxy resin containing 6 phr of rPET and 15 phr of PEGc increased by 318.8 %, 13.9 %, and 23.9 %, respectively, compared with those of pure EP. The significant toughening effect is attributed to the skeleton provided by rPET and flexible molecular chains provided by PEGc. Meanwhile, the results of molecular dynamics simulation confirmed that PEGc can effectively enhance the modulus of rPET/EP composites. Through the curing kinetic parameters obtained from non-isothermal DSC tests, the Kamal autocatalytic model was found to better describe the curing reaction process of the epoxy composites. This work provides a low-cost route for fabricating epoxy composites with excellent toughness.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":20916,"journal":{"name":"Reactive & Functional Polymers","volume":"207 ","pages":"Article 106142"},"PeriodicalIF":4.5,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143144829","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Design, synthesis, and application of polyimide with highly intrinsic black color and low thermal expansion derived from a novel diamine containing TDPP moiety

IF 4.5 3区工程技术 Q1 CHEMISTRY, APPLIED

Reactive & Functional Polymers

Pub Date : 2025-02-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.reactfunctpolym.2024.106140

Jiazhen Yuan, Jie Huang, Jinghua Tan, Huipeng Li, Xueyuan Liu, Penghao Yu, Yue Chen, Yiwu Liu

With the rapid expansion of microelectronics, there is a surging demand for black polyimide (BPI). However, the current BPIs have shortcomings of reduced thermal and electrical capabilities, low dimension stability, and poor masking ability. Hence, the development of BPIs with outstanding overall properties is urgent. To obtain high-performance BPIs, this study introduces a chromophore called 3,6-bis(thiophen-2-yl)diketopyrrolopyrroles (TDPP), which is known for its exceptional molar extinction coefficient. A new diamine (DPPTPyDA) incorporating TDPP grafted with pyrimidine groups was synthesized. DPPTPyDA was then polymerized with pyromellitic dianhydride (PMDA) to yield black polyimide (DPPTPyPI). TDPP grafted with pyrimidine acted as a chromophore system that red-shifted and broadened the light absorption of PI. The resulting DPPTPyPI exhibited total absorption in the visible region and showed a deep black appearance. Its cut-off wavelength (λ_cut) reached 695 nm, and CIE-Lab coordinate L* was low to 1.25. DPPTPyPI also displayed a low coefficient of thermal expansion (CTE) and outstanding thermal and electrical characteristics. Density functional theory calculations demonstrated that the exceptional light absorption of DPPTPyPI primarily stemmed from the transitions from HOMO to LUMO+1 within the chromophore framework. The flexible copper-clad laminate (FCCL) fabricated from DPPTPyPI showed exceptional peeling strength and resistance to high soldering temperature. This intrinsic BPI with excellent overall properties has important applications in the field of microelectronics.

{"title":"Design, synthesis, and application of polyimide with highly intrinsic black color and low thermal expansion derived from a novel diamine containing TDPP moiety","authors":"Jiazhen Yuan, Jie Huang, Jinghua Tan, Huipeng Li, Xueyuan Liu, Penghao Yu, Yue Chen, Yiwu Liu","doi":"10.1016/j.reactfunctpolym.2024.106140","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.reactfunctpolym.2024.106140","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>With the rapid expansion of microelectronics, there is a surging demand for black polyimide (BPI). However, the current BPIs have shortcomings of reduced thermal and electrical capabilities, low dimension stability, and poor masking ability. Hence, the development of BPIs with outstanding overall properties is urgent. To obtain high-performance BPIs, this study introduces a chromophore called 3,6-bis(thiophen-2-yl)diketopyrrolopyrroles (TDPP), which is known for its exceptional molar extinction coefficient. A new diamine (DPPTPyDA) incorporating TDPP grafted with pyrimidine groups was synthesized. DPPTPyDA was then polymerized with pyromellitic dianhydride (PMDA) to yield black polyimide (DPPTPyPI). TDPP grafted with pyrimidine acted as a chromophore system that red-shifted and broadened the light absorption of PI. The resulting DPPTPyPI exhibited total absorption in the visible region and showed a deep black appearance. Its cut-off wavelength (λ<sub>cut</sub>) reached 695 nm, and CIE-Lab coordinate <em>L*</em> was low to 1.25. DPPTPyPI also displayed a low coefficient of thermal expansion (CTE) and outstanding thermal and electrical characteristics. Density functional theory calculations demonstrated that the exceptional light absorption of DPPTPyPI primarily stemmed from the transitions from HOMO to LUMO+1 within the chromophore framework. The flexible copper-clad laminate (FCCL) fabricated from DPPTPyPI showed exceptional peeling strength and resistance to high soldering temperature. This intrinsic BPI with excellent overall properties has important applications in the field of microelectronics.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":20916,"journal":{"name":"Reactive & Functional Polymers","volume":"207 ","pages":"Article 106140"},"PeriodicalIF":4.5,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143144828","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Energy and combustion performance of Al/PVDF composite films: Vapor-grown carbon fiber as a new additive

IF 4.5 3区工程技术 Q1 CHEMISTRY, APPLIED

Reactive & Functional Polymers

Pub Date : 2025-02-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.reactfunctpolym.2024.106121

Wenyu Li , Yajun Wang , Ruihua Liu , Zhengliang Deng , Qiang Gan

Vapor-grown carbon fibers (VGCF) have received significant attention due to their excellent properties, including low density, high specific modulus, super specific strength, and large specific surface area. To investigate the impact of VGCF on the energy and combustion performance of the aluminum (Al)/polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) metastable intermolecular composite (MIC) system, the composite films of Al/PVDF with varying VGCF contents were prepared using the spin-coating method. The micromorphology, crystal structure, mechanical property, energy, and combustion performance of the films were analyzed. The results demonstrate that the addition of VGCF greatly enhanced the system's performance, particularly in terms of hydrophobicity and tensile properties. Furthermore, the participation of VGCF also promoted gas generation during the combustion process, leading to an increase and subsequent decrease in reaction heat release and burning rate within a specific range. The optimal range for VGCF addition in composite films was determined to be 0.8 %–1.2 %. When the addition amount is 0.8 %, the heat release of total reaction, heat release of fluorination reaction, and burning rate reached maximum values of 4773 J·g⁻¹, 4551 J·g⁻¹, and 77.2 mm·s⁻¹, respectively. Compared with VGCF-0, the heat release increased by 687 J·g⁻¹ and 848 J·g⁻¹, respectively, and the combustion rate increased by nearly 13 %. When the addition of VGCF reached 2.0 %, a new product, Al₄C₃, appeared, deviating from the original performance trend and enhancing energy release and combustion performance. This study provides valuable insights for the application of VGCF as an additive in MIC materials.

{"title":"Energy and combustion performance of Al/PVDF composite films: Vapor-grown carbon fiber as a new additive","authors":"Wenyu Li , Yajun Wang , Ruihua Liu , Zhengliang Deng , Qiang Gan","doi":"10.1016/j.reactfunctpolym.2024.106121","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.reactfunctpolym.2024.106121","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Vapor-grown carbon fibers (VGCF) have received significant attention due to their excellent properties, including low density, high specific modulus, super specific strength, and large specific surface area. To investigate the impact of VGCF on the energy and combustion performance of the aluminum (Al)/polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) metastable intermolecular composite (MIC) system, the composite films of Al/PVDF with varying VGCF contents were prepared using the spin-coating method. The micromorphology, crystal structure, mechanical property, energy, and combustion performance of the films were analyzed. The results demonstrate that the addition of VGCF greatly enhanced the system's performance, particularly in terms of hydrophobicity and tensile properties. Furthermore, the participation of VGCF also promoted gas generation during the combustion process, leading to an increase and subsequent decrease in reaction heat release and burning rate within a specific range. The optimal range for VGCF addition in composite films was determined to be 0.8 %–1.2 %. When the addition amount is 0.8 %, the heat release of total reaction, heat release of fluorination reaction, and burning rate reached maximum values of 4773 J·g<sup>−1</sup>, 4551 J·g<sup>−1</sup>, and 77.2 mm·s<sup>−1</sup>, respectively. Compared with VGCF-0, the heat release increased by 687 J·g<sup>−1</sup> and 848 J·g<sup>−1</sup>, respectively, and the combustion rate increased by nearly 13 %. When the addition of VGCF reached 2.0 %, a new product, Al<sub>4</sub>C<sub>3</sub>, appeared, deviating from the original performance trend and enhancing energy release and combustion performance. This study provides valuable insights for the application of VGCF as an additive in MIC materials.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":20916,"journal":{"name":"Reactive & Functional Polymers","volume":"207 ","pages":"Article 106121"},"PeriodicalIF":4.5,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143144657","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

TPFPP@PMMA core-shell polymer modified flame retardant separator achieved by aqueous technique for high-voltage lithium metal batteries

IF 4.5 3区工程技术 Q1 CHEMISTRY, APPLIED

Reactive & Functional Polymers

Pub Date : 2025-02-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.reactfunctpolym.2024.106130

Dongchun Chen , Mingyao Hong , Jianglong Wan , Weishan Li , Youhao Liao

The safety of lithium metal batteries (LMBs) is a critical barrier to their further development towards achieving higher energy densities exceeding 400 Wh kg⁻¹. Although the incorporation of flame-retardant additives into the liquid electrolyte can enhance the safety of LMBs, it often compromises electrochemical performance. To achieve a balance, a flame-retardant separator with thermally responsive properties has been developed by coating a core-shell flame-retardant polymer (poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) as the shell and tris (pentafluorophenyl) phosphine (TPFPP) as the core) onto a polyethylene (PE) separator using an aqueous technique. Compared to the original PE separator, the TPFPP@PMMA flame-retardant separator exhibits superior mechanical strength and electrolyte wettability, along with significantly improved flame retardancy and thermal stability. Due to the excellent compatibility of PMMA polymer with lithium anode, a stable cycle life of over 500 hours for the Li||Li symmetrical coin cell has been achieved. The capacity retention of the Li||LiNi_0.8Co_0.1Mn_0.1O₂ battery is higher than that of the PE separator (80.0% vs. 65.8%) after 100 cycles between 3.0 V and 4.35 V, ascribed to the formation of a stable and robust cathode electrolyte interface (CEI) film, primarily composed of rich LiF and poor Li₂CO₃ on the cathode surface, induced by the PT/PE separator. Thus, the developed flame-retardant separator offers new prospects to the revival of high-energy-density LMBs.

{"title":"TPFPP@PMMA core-shell polymer modified flame retardant separator achieved by aqueous technique for high-voltage lithium metal batteries","authors":"Dongchun Chen , Mingyao Hong , Jianglong Wan , Weishan Li , Youhao Liao","doi":"10.1016/j.reactfunctpolym.2024.106130","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.reactfunctpolym.2024.106130","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The safety of lithium metal batteries (LMBs) is a critical barrier to their further development towards achieving higher energy densities exceeding 400 Wh kg<sup>−1</sup>. Although the incorporation of flame-retardant additives into the liquid electrolyte can enhance the safety of LMBs, it often compromises electrochemical performance. To achieve a balance, a flame-retardant separator with thermally responsive properties has been developed by coating a core-shell flame-retardant polymer (poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) as the shell and tris (pentafluorophenyl) phosphine (TPFPP) as the core) onto a polyethylene (PE) separator using an aqueous technique. Compared to the original PE separator, the TPFPP@PMMA flame-retardant separator exhibits superior mechanical strength and electrolyte wettability, along with significantly improved flame retardancy and thermal stability. Due to the excellent compatibility of PMMA polymer with lithium anode, a stable cycle life of over 500 hours for the Li||Li symmetrical coin cell has been achieved. The capacity retention of the Li||LiNi<sub>0.8</sub>Co<sub>0.1</sub>Mn<sub>0.1</sub>O<sub>2</sub> battery is higher than that of the PE separator (80.0% vs. 65.8%) after 100 cycles between 3.0 V and 4.35 V, ascribed to the formation of a stable and robust cathode electrolyte interface (CEI) film, primarily composed of rich LiF and poor Li<sub>2</sub>CO<sub>3</sub> on the cathode surface, induced by the PT/PE separator. Thus, the developed flame-retardant separator offers new prospects to the revival of high-energy-density LMBs.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":20916,"journal":{"name":"Reactive & Functional Polymers","volume":"207 ","pages":"Article 106130"},"PeriodicalIF":4.5,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143144833","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Adjustment in physicochemical properties of PMMA particles through different photopolymerization methods to achieve their functional applications in various scenarios

IF 4.5 3区工程技术 Q1 CHEMISTRY, APPLIED

Reactive & Functional Polymers

Pub Date : 2025-02-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.reactfunctpolym.2024.106141

Siyuan Yu , Boxuan Peng , Zhen Wang , Jinfeng Xing

Poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) is a polymeric compound synthesized from its monomer unit methyl methacrylate (MMA). PMMA is usually processed into particles and the functional application of these particles has been promoted in various fields such as biomedicine, coatings, and optical devices. At present, the preparation process for PMMA particles in industrialization mostly relies on thermal polymerization. Still, the traditional thermal-initiated mode has high energy consumption and long cycles, so it is urgent to explore new approaches for preparing PMMA particles with low energy and high efficiency. Photopolymerization is an effective medium for achieving this goal and has the advantages of fast curing, mild reaction conditions, and environmental protection. Therefore, this review summarizes the photoinitiated preparation methods of PMMA particles, including emulsion photopolymerization, dispersion photopolymerization, controlled/living radical photopolymerization, surface-initiated photopolymerization, and in situ photopolymerization. Furthermore, the functional application of PMMA particles based on these photopolymerization methods is further introduced and prospected.

{"title":"Adjustment in physicochemical properties of PMMA particles through different photopolymerization methods to achieve their functional applications in various scenarios","authors":"Siyuan Yu , Boxuan Peng , Zhen Wang , Jinfeng Xing","doi":"10.1016/j.reactfunctpolym.2024.106141","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.reactfunctpolym.2024.106141","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) is a polymeric compound synthesized from its monomer unit methyl methacrylate (MMA). PMMA is usually processed into particles and the functional application of these particles has been promoted in various fields such as biomedicine, coatings, and optical devices. At present, the preparation process for PMMA particles in industrialization mostly relies on thermal polymerization. Still, the traditional thermal-initiated mode has high energy consumption and long cycles, so it is urgent to explore new approaches for preparing PMMA particles with low energy and high efficiency. Photopolymerization is an effective medium for achieving this goal and has the advantages of fast curing, mild reaction conditions, and environmental protection. Therefore, this review summarizes the photoinitiated preparation methods of PMMA particles, including emulsion photopolymerization, dispersion photopolymerization, controlled/living radical photopolymerization, surface-initiated photopolymerization, and <em>in situ</em> photopolymerization. Furthermore, the functional application of PMMA particles based on these photopolymerization methods is further introduced and prospected.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":20916,"journal":{"name":"Reactive & Functional Polymers","volume":"207 ","pages":"Article 106141"},"PeriodicalIF":4.5,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143144645","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Preparation and application of superhydrophobic polypropylene melt-blown nonwovens by organic solvent etch

IF 4.5 3区工程技术 Q1 CHEMISTRY, APPLIED

Reactive & Functional Polymers

Pub Date : 2025-02-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.reactfunctpolym.2024.106132

Tianyi Ma , Le Gan , Yang Liu , Shinan Xu , Chenlong Han , Xiaolin Zhao , Xiaobei Zang , Ning Cao

Since the global outbreak of COVID-19, medical masks have become one of the most concerned pieces of epidemiological protection equipment. Polypropylene melt-blown nonwovens are the core filtration materials of medical masks, but the filtration performance deteriorates drastically with prolonged use and water vapor adherence. Here, a series of organic solvents were used to etch the melt-blown nonwovens to construct a graded rough structure and thus obtain durable superhydrophobic melt-blown nonwovens. The melt-blown nonwovens etched with a mixture of cyclohexane and n-hexane (volume ratio: 3:2) at 65 °C for 30 min exhibited excellent superhydrophobicity (water contact angle ∼153.5°, sliding angle ∼5.9°), high durability and great chemical resistance. The mechanical strength of the superhydrophobic melt-blown nonwoven has changed very little compared to the original melt- blown nonwoven, and it has a good filtration efficiency (89.2 %) and low wind resistance (24.3 Pa). In addition, the superhydrophobic melt-blown nonwoven can achieve more than 8.5 times its previous mass of organic solvent adsorption, with oil and water separation efficiency reaching over 91 %. Therefore, the PP melt-blowns prepared by the organic solvent etching method have greatly improved mask filtration performance and they also have great application prospect in oil-water separation.

{"title":"Preparation and application of superhydrophobic polypropylene melt-blown nonwovens by organic solvent etch","authors":"Tianyi Ma , Le Gan , Yang Liu , Shinan Xu , Chenlong Han , Xiaolin Zhao , Xiaobei Zang , Ning Cao","doi":"10.1016/j.reactfunctpolym.2024.106132","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.reactfunctpolym.2024.106132","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Since the global outbreak of COVID-19, medical masks have become one of the most concerned pieces of epidemiological protection equipment. Polypropylene melt-blown nonwovens are the core filtration materials of medical masks, but the filtration performance deteriorates drastically with prolonged use and water vapor adherence. Here, a series of organic solvents were used to etch the melt-blown nonwovens to construct a graded rough structure and thus obtain durable superhydrophobic melt-blown nonwovens. The melt-blown nonwovens etched with a mixture of cyclohexane and n-hexane (volume ratio: 3:2) at 65 °C for 30 min exhibited excellent superhydrophobicity (water contact angle ∼153.5°, sliding angle ∼5.9°), high durability and great chemical resistance. The mechanical strength of the superhydrophobic melt-blown nonwoven has changed very little compared to the original melt- blown nonwoven, and it has a good filtration efficiency (89.2 %) and low wind resistance (24.3 Pa). In addition, the superhydrophobic melt-blown nonwoven can achieve more than 8.5 times its previous mass of organic solvent adsorption, with oil and water separation efficiency reaching over 91 %. Therefore, the PP melt-blowns prepared by the organic solvent etching method have greatly improved mask filtration performance and they also <u>have</u> great application prospect in oil-water separation.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":20916,"journal":{"name":"Reactive & Functional Polymers","volume":"207 ","pages":"Article 106132"},"PeriodicalIF":4.5,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143144658","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Schiff bases and oligomers derived from trifluoromethylaniline-based monomers: Thermal, optical, electrochemical properties and applications as fluorescent probes for Sn2+

IF 4.5 3区工程技术 Q1 CHEMISTRY, APPLIED

Reactive & Functional Polymers

Pub Date : 2025-02-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.reactfunctpolym.2024.106133

Elif Karacan Yeldir, İsmet Kaya, Oğuzhan Tutluel

Within the scope of the study, three different Schiff bases were synthesized from 3,5-bis(trifluoromethyl)aniline, a halogen-containing aniline derivative, with three different aldehydes, 3-hydroxy-4-methoxy-benzaldehyde, salicylaldehyde and 2-hydroxy-1-naphthaldehyde. These three synthesized Schiff bases were evaluated as monomers and oxidatively polymerized in the presence of sodium hypochlorite, a strong oxidant. The structural properties of these three monomers and three polymers were elucidated with the help of UV–Vis, FT-IR, ¹H NMR, ¹³C NMR spectra. Their molecular weights were determined by gel permeation chromatography (GPC) and it was determined that the macromolecules obtained as a result of the oxidation reaction were in the oligomer order. In order to investigate their electrochemical properties, cyclic voltammetry (CV) was used to find their oxidation-reduction potentials. The HOMO-LUMO potentials and electrochemical band gap values of the synthesized Schiff bases and oligomers were calculated. Thermal stabilities of the monomers and oligomers were determined by thermogravimetric-differantial thermal analysis (TG-DTA). It was determined that the thermal stabilities of the obtained oligomers were higher than those of the Schiff bases. The glass transition temperature (T_g) and surface morphologies of oligomers were determined from DSC and SEM measurements, respectively. Their optical properties were examined by UV–Vis and fluorescence spectra. It was found that 1-(((3,5-bis(trifluoromethyl)phenyl)imino)methyl) naphthalene-2-ol (TFMHN), one of the Schiff bases, has a turn-on fluorescence sensor property with increasing fluorescence emission intensity in the presence of Sn²⁺ among a series of metal ions and can be used as a selective and sensitive fluorescence probe for Sn²⁺ with a limit of dedection (LOD) value of 7.14 × 10⁻⁸ M.

{"title":"Schiff bases and oligomers derived from trifluoromethylaniline-based monomers: Thermal, optical, electrochemical properties and applications as fluorescent probes for Sn2+","authors":"Elif Karacan Yeldir, İsmet Kaya, Oğuzhan Tutluel","doi":"10.1016/j.reactfunctpolym.2024.106133","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.reactfunctpolym.2024.106133","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Within the scope of the study, three different Schiff bases were synthesized from 3,5-bis(trifluoromethyl)aniline, a halogen-containing aniline derivative, with three different aldehydes, 3-hydroxy-4-methoxy-benzaldehyde, salicylaldehyde and 2-hydroxy-1-naphthaldehyde. These three synthesized Schiff bases were evaluated as monomers and oxidatively polymerized in the presence of sodium hypochlorite, a strong oxidant. The structural properties of these three monomers and three polymers were elucidated with the help of UV–Vis, FT-IR, <sup>1</sup>H NMR, <sup>13</sup>C NMR spectra. Their molecular weights were determined by gel permeation chromatography (GPC) and it was determined that the macromolecules obtained as a result of the oxidation reaction were in the oligomer order. In order to investigate their electrochemical properties, cyclic voltammetry (CV) was used to find their oxidation-reduction potentials. The HOMO-LUMO potentials and electrochemical band gap values of the synthesized Schiff bases and oligomers were calculated. Thermal stabilities of the monomers and oligomers were determined by thermogravimetric-differantial thermal analysis (TG-DTA). It was determined that the thermal stabilities of the obtained oligomers were higher than those of the Schiff bases. The glass transition temperature (<em>T</em><sub><em>g</em></sub>) and surface morphologies of oligomers were determined from DSC and SEM measurements, respectively. Their optical properties were examined by UV–Vis and fluorescence spectra. It was found that 1-(((3,5-bis(trifluoromethyl)phenyl)imino)methyl) naphthalene-2-ol (TFMHN), one of the Schiff bases, has a turn-on fluorescence sensor property with increasing fluorescence emission intensity in the presence of Sn<sup>2+</sup> among a series of metal ions and can be used as a selective and sensitive fluorescence probe for Sn<sup>2+</sup> with a limit of dedection (<em>LOD</em>) value of 7.14 × 10<sup>−8</sup> M.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":20916,"journal":{"name":"Reactive & Functional Polymers","volume":"207 ","pages":"Article 106133"},"PeriodicalIF":4.5,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143144700","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Preparation of modified epoxy resin with high hydrophobicity, low dielectric constant, toughness, and flame retardant by epoxy-functionalized siloxanes

IF 4.5 3区工程技术 Q1 CHEMISTRY, APPLIED

Reactive & Functional Polymers

Pub Date : 2025-02-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.reactfunctpolym.2024.106114

Yang Zhang, Yixiao Shi, Chen Jin, Chuan Wu, Hong Dong, Zhirong Qu, Yanjiang Song

A series of α, ω-dimethylglycidoxypropyl-terminated PDMS oligomer (PDMS-GE) oligomers with different polymerization degrees were synthesized and used to modify the bisphenol-A diglycidyl ether E51 (DGEBA) / 4,4-diaminodiphenylmethane (DDM) epoxy resin, resulting in epoxy resins with high hydrophobicity, low dielectric constant, good impact toughness, low combustion heat release rate, and low total heat release. The combustion heat release rate and total heat release of the material decreased with the increase in the loadings of PDMS-GE. Relative to pure epoxy resin, the composite E51/D30–10, which using DGEBA as the matrix, PDMS-GE with a degree of polymerization of 30 as the modifier in an amount of 10 phr relative to the mass sum of DGEBA, PDMS-GE and DDM, exhibited the best comprehensive performance with a water contact angle of 102.42°, a dielectric strength of 6.49 kV/mm, a dielectric constant of 2.93 at 14.2 GHz, the peak rate of heat release (PRHR) and total heat release (THR) are of 378.3 kW/m² and 134.4 MJ/m², respectively. These comprehensive performances underscore the potential of PDMS-GE oligomers in significantly improving epoxy resin properties. When the loadings of PDMS-GE oligomers are less than 5 wt%, PDMS-GE with a lower degree of polymerization can improve the toughness of epoxy resins. The impact strength of the composite E51/D24–5, which uses DGEBA as the matrix, PDMS-GE with a degree of polymerization of 24 as the modifier in an amount of 5 phr relative to the mass sum of DGEBA, PDMS-GE, and DDM, reaches 98.1 kJ/m², which is about 28.9 % higher than that of pure epoxy resin. The results also indicated that the degree of polymerization of PDMS-GE oligomers has less influence on the dielectric properties and mechanical properties of composite materials.

{"title":"Preparation of modified epoxy resin with high hydrophobicity, low dielectric constant, toughness, and flame retardant by epoxy-functionalized siloxanes","authors":"Yang Zhang, Yixiao Shi, Chen Jin, Chuan Wu, Hong Dong, Zhirong Qu, Yanjiang Song","doi":"10.1016/j.reactfunctpolym.2024.106114","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.reactfunctpolym.2024.106114","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>A series of <em>α</em>, <em>ω</em>-dimethylglycidoxypropyl-terminated PDMS oligomer (PDMS-GE) oligomers with different polymerization degrees were synthesized and used to modify the bisphenol-A diglycidyl ether E51 (DGEBA) / 4,4-diaminodiphenylmethane (DDM) epoxy resin, resulting in epoxy resins with high hydrophobicity, low dielectric constant, good impact toughness, low combustion heat release rate, and low total heat release. The combustion heat release rate and total heat release of the material decreased with the increase in the loadings of PDMS-GE. Relative to pure epoxy resin, the composite E51/D30–10, which using DGEBA as the matrix, PDMS-GE with a degree of polymerization of 30 as the modifier in an amount of 10 phr relative to the mass sum of DGEBA, PDMS-GE and DDM, exhibited the best comprehensive performance with a water contact angle of 102.42°, a dielectric strength of 6.49 kV/mm, a dielectric constant of 2.93 at 14.2 GHz, the peak rate of heat release (PRHR) and total heat release (THR) are of 378.3 kW/m<sup>2</sup> and 134.4 MJ/m<sup>2</sup>, respectively. These comprehensive performances underscore the potential of PDMS-GE oligomers in significantly improving epoxy resin properties. When the loadings of PDMS-GE oligomers are less than 5 wt%, PDMS-GE with a lower degree of polymerization can improve the toughness of epoxy resins. The impact strength of the composite E51/D24–5, which uses DGEBA as the matrix, PDMS-GE with a degree of polymerization of 24 as the modifier in an amount of 5 phr relative to the mass sum of DGEBA, PDMS-GE, and DDM, reaches 98.1 kJ/m<sup>2</sup>, which is about 28.9 % higher than that of pure epoxy resin. The results also indicated that the degree of polymerization of PDMS-GE oligomers has less influence on the dielectric properties and mechanical properties of composite materials.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":20916,"journal":{"name":"Reactive & Functional Polymers","volume":"207 ","pages":"Article 106114"},"PeriodicalIF":4.5,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143144702","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

An approach to analytical prediction of optimal curing mode of thermosetting systems

IF 4.5 3区工程技术 Q1 CHEMISTRY, APPLIED

Reactive & Functional Polymers

Pub Date : 2025-02-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.reactfunctpolym.2024.106143

E.S. Zhavoronok , I.N. Senchikhin

An approach to the analytical prediction of the optimal curing mode of thermosetting systems is proposed. The published literature on epoxy-amine systems has been analyzed, and a correlation between the parameters of the DiBenedetto and Arrhenius equations and the glass transition temperature of uncured epoxy-amine systems was established. On the basis of the data, the approach proposed by Gillham and Enns was employed to calculate a time required for thermosetting system to reach the glassy state, and the mode of two-stage curing through the use of TTT (time-temperature-transformation) diagrams was determined as well. The optimal curing mode was proposed and calculated for the DGEBA-based epoxy resin Epikote 828 and its mixture with aliphatic resin Laproxide 703 with curing agent oligooxypropylenediamine Jeffamine D-230, with the resulting temperatures and times demonstrating satisfactory agreement with those calculated from experimental TTT diagrams. It is suggested that the proposed approach for predicting the optimal curing mode be employed for new epoxy-amine systems, for which the time-consuming experiment, required for the construction of TTT diagrams has not yet been performed.

{"title":"An approach to analytical prediction of optimal curing mode of thermosetting systems","authors":"E.S. Zhavoronok , I.N. Senchikhin","doi":"10.1016/j.reactfunctpolym.2024.106143","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.reactfunctpolym.2024.106143","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>An approach to the analytical prediction of the optimal curing mode of thermosetting systems is proposed. The published literature on epoxy-amine systems has been analyzed, and a correlation between the parameters of the DiBenedetto and Arrhenius equations and the glass transition temperature of uncured epoxy-amine systems was established. On the basis of the data, the approach proposed by Gillham and Enns was employed to calculate a time required for thermosetting system to reach the glassy state, and the mode of two-stage curing through the use of TTT (time-temperature-transformation) diagrams was determined as well. The optimal curing mode was proposed and calculated for the DGEBA-based epoxy resin Epikote 828 and its mixture with aliphatic resin Laproxide 703 with curing agent oligooxypropylenediamine Jeffamine D-230, with the resulting temperatures and times demonstrating satisfactory agreement with those calculated from experimental TTT diagrams. It is suggested that the proposed approach for predicting the optimal curing mode be employed for new epoxy-amine systems, for which the time-consuming experiment, required for the construction of TTT diagrams has not yet been performed.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":20916,"journal":{"name":"Reactive & Functional Polymers","volume":"207 ","pages":"Article 106143"},"PeriodicalIF":4.5,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143144826","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

The hidden power of a novel collagen octapeptide: Unveiling its antioxidant and cofactors releasing capacity from polyurethane based systems

IF 4.5 3区工程技术 Q1 CHEMISTRY, APPLIED

Reactive & Functional Polymers

Pub Date : 2025-02-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.reactfunctpolym.2024.106131

Alexandra Lupu , Luiza Madalina Gradinaru , Mihaela Balan-Porcarasu , Laura Darie-Ion , Brindusa-Alina Petre , Vasile-Robert Gradinaru

Aromatic antioxidant peptides are attractive biomolecules that can be used to design supramolecular structures useful in various biomedical applications. Collagen-derived peptides proved to be suitable for a wide range of biological applications. Herein, we introduced a novel amphipathic octapeptide as an essential component in hybrid peptide-polyurethane materials. The octapeptide was synthesized by SPPS, followed by mass confirmation using MALDI-ToF mass spectrometry and characterized by nuclear magnetic resonance and fluorescence spectroscopy. The peptide antioxidant capacity was demonstrated through FRAP and DPPH assays. Our data indicate that the presence of peptide slightly slows down the polyurethane ability to form hydrogels at salt concentration higher than 150 mM. Moreover, the gel formed in the presence of octapeptide can release FAD much faster than NADPH. Preferential weak interactions between peptide and polyurethane structures increase FAD releasing capacity. Our findings will pave the way for the development of new biocompatible materials containing an antioxidant peptide and FAD, a cofactor that modulates the antioxidant function of multiple enzymes simultaneously. These controlled-release platforms created by simple mixing may be suitable for injectable formulation.

{"title":"The hidden power of a novel collagen octapeptide: Unveiling its antioxidant and cofactors releasing capacity from polyurethane based systems","authors":"Alexandra Lupu , Luiza Madalina Gradinaru , Mihaela Balan-Porcarasu , Laura Darie-Ion , Brindusa-Alina Petre , Vasile-Robert Gradinaru","doi":"10.1016/j.reactfunctpolym.2024.106131","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.reactfunctpolym.2024.106131","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Aromatic antioxidant peptides are attractive biomolecules that can be used to design supramolecular structures useful in various biomedical applications. Collagen-derived peptides proved to be suitable for a wide range of biological applications. Herein, we introduced a novel amphipathic octapeptide as an essential component in hybrid peptide-polyurethane materials. The octapeptide was synthesized by SPPS, followed by mass confirmation using MALDI-ToF mass spectrometry and characterized by nuclear magnetic resonance and fluorescence spectroscopy. The peptide antioxidant capacity was demonstrated through FRAP and DPPH assays. Our data indicate that the presence of peptide slightly slows down the polyurethane ability to form hydrogels at salt concentration higher than 150 mM. Moreover, the gel formed in the presence of octapeptide can release FAD much faster than NADPH. Preferential weak interactions between peptide and polyurethane structures increase FAD releasing capacity. Our findings will pave the way for the development of new biocompatible materials containing an antioxidant peptide and FAD, a cofactor that modulates the antioxidant function of multiple enzymes simultaneously. These controlled-release platforms created by simple mixing may be suitable for injectable formulation.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":20916,"journal":{"name":"Reactive & Functional Polymers","volume":"207 ","pages":"Article 106131"},"PeriodicalIF":4.5,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143144834","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0