Reactive & Functional Polymers最新文献_第4页

Synergistic enhancement of thermal mechanical stability in polypropylene separators via carbazole functionalization and UV crosslinking 通过咔唑功能化和UV交联协同增强聚丙烯分离器的热机械稳定性

IF 5.1 3区工程技术 Q1 CHEMISTRY, APPLIED

Reactive & Functional Polymers

Pub Date : 2025-12-26 DOI: 10.1016/j.reactfunctpolym.2025.106627

Yixuan Qian , Licheng Wang , Ming Xie , Hao Li , Jinghao Yang , Mingyuan Li , Zhengguo Cai , Long Chen , Junfen Sun

To address the poor thermomechanical stability and strong hydrophobicity of commercial polypropylene (PP) separators in lithium-ion batteries (LIBs), this study prepared functionalized PP-based separators via melt blending and UV-induced crosslinking. Carbazole-functionalized PP (PPCZ) was incorporated into the PP matrix, and a thermally stable 3D covalent network was constructed through in-situ self-crosslinking of carbazole groups under 365 nm UV irradiation. The synthesis of carbazole monomer UDK was optimized using KOH as a deprotonating agent instead of K₂CO₃, increasing monomer yield to 92 % with a reaction rate improvement of 30 % and simplifying purification. Metallocene-catalyzed copolymerization of UDK and propylene yielded PPCZ with 1.5 mol% carbazole insertion and a number-average molecular weight of approximately 90,000, and the product showed excellent PP matrix compatibility without phase separation. Key tests demonstrated that the 10 wt% PPCZ separator delivered superior comprehensive performance. Its thermal shrinkage at 105 °C measured 12 %, in sharp contrast to 28 % for the pristine PP separator and 18 % for the commercial Al₂O₃-coated PP separator. The temperature corresponding to 5 % weight loss (T₅) hit 342.2 °C, representing a 3.7 °C increase over pristine PP. Meanwhile, electrolyte wettability was significantly enhanced, with the contact angle reduced to 75° as opposed to 98° for pure PP. Despite slight decreases in porosity from 39.5 % to 36.8 %, electrolyte absorption from 120 % to 115 %, crystallinity from 51.1 % to 43.8 %, and ionic conductivity from 0.19 to 0.14 mS·cm⁻¹, the separator achieved an optimal balance of thermomechanical stability, wettability, and mechanical properties with a tensile strength of 110 MPa, puncture strength of 850 gf and elongation at break of 128 %, thus avoiding embrittlement. The strategy is compatible with existing dry-process lines, avoids ceramic coating issues such as high cost and delamination, and shows great potential for high-safety LIBs.

针对锂离子电池中商用聚丙烯（PP）隔膜热稳定性差、疏水性强的问题，本研究通过熔融共混和uv诱导交联制备了功能化PP基隔膜。将咔唑功能化PP （PPCZ）加入到PP基体中，在365 nm紫外光照射下，通过咔唑基团的原位自交联，构建了热稳定的三维共价网络。以KOH代替K2CO3作为脱质子剂，优化了咔唑单体UDK的合成，单体收率提高到92%，反应速率提高30%，简化了纯化过程。在茂金属催化下，UDK与丙烯共聚得到了含有1.5 mol%咔唑的PPCZ，其数平均分子量约为90000，产品具有良好的PP基质相容性，无需相分离。关键试验表明，10 wt% PPCZ分离器具有优越的综合性能。它在105°C时的热收缩率为12%，与原始PP分离器的28%和商业Al₂O₃涂膜PP分离器的18%形成鲜明对比。与此同时，电解质的润湿性显著增强，接触角从纯PP的98°降至75°。尽管孔隙率从39.5%降至36.8%，电解质吸收率从120%降至115%，结晶度从51.1%降至43.8%，离子电导率从0.19降至0.14 mS·cm−1。该分离器在热机械稳定性、润湿性和机械性能方面达到了最佳平衡，抗拉强度为110 MPa，穿刺强度为850 gf，断裂伸长率为128%，从而避免了脆化。该策略与现有的干法生产线兼容，避免了陶瓷涂层高成本和分层等问题，并显示出高安全性lib的巨大潜力。

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引用次数: 0

A dissolution-regeneration strategy for conductive cellulose nanofiber/PVA hydrogel toward flexible sensor and triboelectric Nanogenerator 导电纤维素纳米纤维/聚乙烯醇水凝胶用于柔性传感器和摩擦电纳米发电机的溶解-再生策略

IF 5.1 3区工程技术 Q1 CHEMISTRY, APPLIED

Reactive & Functional Polymers

Pub Date : 2025-12-26 DOI: 10.1016/j.reactfunctpolym.2025.106624

Changtong Sha , Zijian Wu , Yue Zhao , Zhaojun Wang , Yue Zhang , Mingpeng He , Ning Guo , Ling Weng , Guoxing Yang , Juanna Ren , Gourisankar Roymahapatra , Junguo Gao

This study presents a composite solution-based strategy for cellulose dissolution-regeneration, enabling the fabrication of a dual-crosslinked hydrogel through freeze-thaw cycling that integrates both physical and chemical networks. The resulting hydrogel serves as a flexible sensor and triboelectric nanogenerator (TENG). Carboxylated cellulose nanofibers (CNF-C) were dissolved in a mixed AlCl₃/ZnCl₂ solution and incorporated into a borax-crosslinked PVA matrix, yielding a conductive porous PVA-AlCl₃/ZnCl₂/CNF-C/Borax hydrogel. Combined with treatment using an anhydrous ethanol/water mixture, the carboxylated cellulose nanofibers were regenerated, forming a PVA-AlCl₃/ZnCl₂/CNF-B-E/W hydrogel. After treatment with anhydrous ethanol/water, the maximum stress of the hydrogel increased from 1.7 MPa to 1.9 MPa, and the maximum strain increased from 450 % to 455 %, with a high electrical conductivity (4.6 S/m). The hydrogel exhibited outstanding triboelectric performance and strain sensing capabilities (GF = 6.15, response time = 381 ms), demonstrating its applicability as a flexible strain sensor for motion detection and information transmission. Furthermore, the P-TENG based on this hydrogel enabled stable handwriting recognition. With its excellent electromechanical properties and operational stability, this material represents an ideal platform for intelligent sensing and self-powered energy systems, holding significant research and application value in flexible electronics.

本研究提出了一种基于复合溶液的纤维素溶解再生策略，通过结合物理和化学网络的冻融循环制造双交联水凝胶。由此产生的水凝胶可作为柔性传感器和摩擦电纳米发电机（TENG）。将羧化纤维素纳米纤维（CNF-C）溶解在AlCl3/ZnCl2混合溶液中，并将其掺入硼砂交联的PVA基质中，得到导电多孔PVA-AlCl3/ZnCl2/CNF-C/硼砂水凝胶。结合无水乙醇/水混合物处理，羧化纤维素纳米纤维再生，形成PVA-AlCl3/ZnCl2/CNF-B-E/W水凝胶。经无水乙醇/水处理后，水凝胶的最大应力由1.7 MPa提高到1.9 MPa，最大应变由450%提高到455%，电导率达到4.6 S/m。该水凝胶具有优异的摩擦电性能和应变传感能力（GF = 6.15，响应时间= 381 ms），可作为柔性应变传感器用于运动检测和信息传输。此外，基于该水凝胶的P-TENG实现了稳定的手写识别。该材料具有优异的机电性能和运行稳定性，是智能传感和自供电能源系统的理想平台，在柔性电子领域具有重要的研究和应用价值。

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引用次数: 0

A bio-based flame retardant with super-low addition for polylactic acid: Simultaneous enhancement of flame retardancy, smoke suppression, and biodegradability 超低添加量聚乳酸的生物基阻燃剂：同时增强阻燃性、抑烟性和生物降解性

IF 5.1 3区工程技术 Q1 CHEMISTRY, APPLIED

Reactive & Functional Polymers

Pub Date : 2025-12-26 DOI: 10.1016/j.reactfunctpolym.2025.106625

Jinpeng Song, Haotian Hao, Yufei Yang, Yuehu Zhang, Qing Yu, Liang Song, Guiqing Cheng, Zhongwei Wang, Yuxi Han

The development of biodegradable polymers that simultaneously exhibit flame retardancy and smoke suppression remains a significant challenge. In this work, a bio-based flame retardant (PA-AB) was synthesized from phytic acid (PA) and 2-aminobenzimidazole (AB) via a facile one-step reaction and incorporated into polylactic acid (PLA) by melt blending. At a low loading of 1.0 wt%, PA-AB enabled PLA to achieve a UL-94 V-0 rating with a limiting oxygen index of 26.5 % and effectively suppressed melt dripping. Cone calorimetry results showed that PLA/PA-AB-1.0 exhibited a prolonged ignition time, a slight reduction in heat release, and a pronounced decrease in total smoke release (89.3 %) compared with neat PLA, demonstrating the combined flame-retardant and smoke-suppressing effects of PA-AB. Mechanistic analysis suggests that PA-AB predominantly acts in the gas phase, with a limited contribution in the condensed phase. In addition, PA-AB enhanced the ultraviolet-shielding capability of PLA without significantly compromising optical transparency. Mechanical testing revealed that PLA/PA-AB-1.0 retained 73 % of the tensile strength and 87 % of the elongation at break of neat PLA. Enzymatic degradation studies further indicated that PA-AB accelerated the degradation behavior of PLA. This study provides an effective approach for designing multifunctional, bio-based flame-retardant PLA materials.

开发同时具有阻燃性和抑烟性的可生物降解聚合物仍然是一个重大挑战。以植酸（PA）和2-氨基苯并咪唑（AB）为原料，通过简单的一步反应合成了生物基阻燃剂PA-AB，并通过熔融共混掺入聚乳酸（PLA）中。在1.0 wt%的低负荷下，PA-AB使PLA达到UL-94 V-0额定值，极限氧指数为26.5%，并有效抑制熔体滴下。锥量热法结果表明，与纯PLA相比，PLA/PA-AB-1.0的着火时间延长，放热量略有降低，总排烟量明显降低（89.3%），表明PA-AB具有阻燃抑烟的综合作用。机理分析表明，PA-AB主要作用于气相，在凝聚相中贡献有限。此外，PA-AB增强了PLA的紫外线屏蔽能力，而不会显著影响光学透明度。力学性能测试表明，PLA/PA-AB-1.0的拉伸强度和断裂伸长率分别为纯PLA的73%和87%。酶解研究进一步表明，PA-AB加速了PLA的降解行为。本研究为设计多功能生物基阻燃聚乳酸材料提供了有效途径。

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引用次数: 0

High-performance piezoelectric-triboelectric hybrid nanogenerator based on stretchable, self-adhesive, and conductive hydrogels for self-powered sensing 高性能压电-摩擦-电混合纳米发电机，基于可拉伸，自粘和导电水凝胶，用于自供电传感

IF 5.1 3区工程技术 Q1 CHEMISTRY, APPLIED

Reactive & Functional Polymers

Pub Date : 2025-12-26 DOI: 10.1016/j.reactfunctpolym.2025.106626

Qiao Zhang, Jiayao Cheng, Runi Hou, Yaohui Cheng, Maolin Yu, Na Li, Jianxiong Xu

Stretchable, self-adhesive, and conductive hydrogels show great promise for applications in wearable sensors and energy harvesting systems. In this work, we developed an SA/P(AM-co-HEA)/TA/Ca²⁺-BTO (S/P/T/Ca-BTO) hydrogel by incorporating tannic acid (TA) and barium titanate (BTO) into a poly(acrylamide-co-hydroxyethyl acrylate)‌ (P(AM-co-HEA)) network, followed by cross-linking with sodium alginate (SA) and CaCl₂. The resulting hydrogel exhibited a set of compelling properties, including a tensile stress of 127.6 kPa, extreme stretchability (2328 %), excellent fatigue resistance, strong adhesion (27.3 kPa), and good electrical conductivity (2.49 S/m). A flexible strain sensor fabricated from this hydrogel demonstrated high sensitivity (GF = 2.31) and exceptional stability, showing no significant degradation over 500 loading–unloading cycles, which enables reliable long-term monitoring of human motion. Moreover, the incorporation of BTO nanoparticles was pivotal in boosting the electrical output-performance of the S/P/T/Ca-BTO hydrogel-assembled piezoelectric-triboelectric hybrid nanogenerator (SPTCB-PTENG). When encapsulated with Ecoflex 00–10 and operated in single-electrode mode, the device achieved an open-circuit voltage of 164 V, a short-circuit current of 2.8 μA, and a transferred charge of 56.1 nC. As a self-powered sensor, the SPTCB-PTENG also exhibited durable performance and high responsiveness in recognizing handwritten information and detecting Morse code-encrypted messages. With its dual functionality in strain sensing and energy harvesting, this hydrogel enables its use as an integrated component in multifunctional wearable devices.

可拉伸、自粘和导电水凝胶在可穿戴传感器和能量收集系统中显示出巨大的应用前景。在这项工作中，我们开发了SA/P(AM-co-HEA)/TA/Ca2+-BTO （S/P/T/Ca-BTO）水凝胶，将单宁酸（TA）和钛酸钡（BTO）掺入聚丙烯酰胺-丙烯酸羟乙酯（P(AM-co-HEA)）网络中，然后与海藻酸钠（SA）和CaCl2交联。得到的水凝胶具有一系列引人注目的性能，包括127.6 kPa的拉伸应力、2328%的拉伸性、优异的抗疲劳性、27.3 kPa的强粘附性和2.49 S/m的良好导电性。由该水凝胶制成的柔性应变传感器具有高灵敏度（GF = 2.31）和优异的稳定性，在500次加载-卸载循环中没有显着退化，从而能够可靠地长期监测人体运动。此外，BTO纳米颗粒的掺入对于提高S/P/T/Ca-BTO水凝胶组装压电-摩擦-混合纳米发电机（SPTCB-PTENG）的电输出性能至关重要。采用Ecoflex 00-10封装，单电极工作时，器件的开路电压为164 V，短路电流为2.8 μA，转移电荷为56.1 nC。作为一种自供电传感器，SPTCB-PTENG在识别手写信息和检测莫尔斯电码加密信息方面也表现出持久的性能和高响应性。这种水凝胶具有应变传感和能量收集的双重功能，可以作为多功能可穿戴设备的集成组件使用。

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引用次数: 0

Alkoxy-terminated polydimethylsiloxanes – The missing member of the PDMS family 烷氧基端聚二甲基硅氧烷- PDMS家族中缺失的成员

IF 5.1 3区工程技术 Q1 CHEMISTRY, APPLIED

Reactive & Functional Polymers

Pub Date : 2025-12-20 DOI: 10.1016/j.reactfunctpolym.2025.106621

I.I. Belikova , K.A. Bezlepkina , V.A. Aristova , F.D. Krylov , S.N. Ardabevskaia , R.V. Uliankin , I.V. Frank , V.Yu. Zubova , E.O. Minyaylo , A.A. Anisimov , A.M. Muzafarov , S.A. Milenin

Polydimethylsiloxanes with alkoxysilyl functional groups are in demand due to their high reactivity in hydrolysis, condensation, and heterofunctional condensation reactions, opening up their potential application in the production of sealants, gaskets, and coatings. This study focuses on the preparation of polydimethylsiloxanes with terminal alkoxy groups by opening octamethylcyclotetrasiloxane in an alcohol solution in the presence of sodium methoxide as an initiator. The alcohol acts as a solvent, a transfer agent, and a chain terminator. The influence of catalyst concentration and the amount of alcohol used on the reaction progress and the molecular weight characteristics of polydimethylsiloxanes with terminal methoxy groups were studied. As a result, optimal process conditions were selected: a 50 % solution of octamethylcyclotetrasiloxane in methanol in the presence of 3 mol% catalyst. The reproducibility and scalability of the method were demonstrated, yielding over 100 g of polydimethylsiloxanes with terminal methoxy groups. The possibility of reusing the methanol phase containing cyclic products and sodium methoxide was demonstrated. A series of polydimethylsiloxanes with various terminal alkoxy groups, such as those with allyloxy groups, were obtained. The structure of the resulting polydimethylsiloxanes was established and confirmed using ¹H, ²⁹Si, ¹H²⁹Si HMBC NMR spectroscopy, GPC analysis, and MALDI-TOF spectrometry. The obtained results can have a positive impact on the development of the field of synthesis of functionalized polysiloxanes and materials based on them in the near future.

具有烷氧基硅氧基官能团的聚二甲基硅氧烷因其在水解、缩合和异官能团缩合反应中的高反应性而受到需求，从而在密封剂、垫片和涂料的生产中具有潜在的应用前景。本研究以甲醇钠为引发剂，在醇溶液中开环八甲基环四硅氧烷，制备了端烷氧基聚二甲基硅氧烷。醇作为溶剂、转移剂和链终止剂。研究了催化剂浓度和醇用量对末端甲氧基聚二甲基硅氧烷的反应过程和分子量特性的影响。因此，选择了最佳工艺条件：在3mol %催化剂的存在下，以50%的八甲基环四硅氧烷溶液溶于甲醇。该方法的可重复性和可扩展性得到了超过100g的端甲氧基聚二甲基硅氧烷。论证了含环产物和甲醇钠的甲醇相重复利用的可能性。得到了一系列具有不同末端烷氧基的聚二甲基硅氧烷，如烯丙氧基。通过1H、29Si、1H29Si HMBC NMR谱、GPC分析和MALDI-TOF光谱法确定了聚二甲基硅氧烷的结构。研究结果将对功能化聚硅氧烷及其基材料的合成产生积极的影响。

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引用次数: 0

Tree-like biomimetic metal-organic framework/carbon nanotube to enhance the dielectric response of sulfurized polyurethane 树状仿生金属有机骨架/碳纳米管增强硫化聚氨酯的介电响应

IF 5.1 3区工程技术 Q1 CHEMISTRY, APPLIED

Reactive & Functional Polymers

Pub Date : 2025-12-20 DOI: 10.1016/j.reactfunctpolym.2025.106619

Liang Tao , Sheng-Hong Yuan , Jing-Wen Wang, Rui-Han Feng, Zi-Long Zhang

In order to meet the urgent demand for efficient, compact, and low-power actuators in leading-edge flexible electronics, such as wearable devices and soft robots, it is crucial to develop dielectric elastomer actuators with high dielectric constants and low dielectric losses. Inspired by the structure of trees in nature, we constructed a CNT/c-MOF filler with a three-dimensional interpenetrating network structure, with carbon nanotube (CNT) as the “trunk” and conducting metal-organic framework Ni₃(HHTP)₂ (abbreviated as c-MOF) as the “leaves”. The above fillers were combined with synthetic sulfurized polyurethane (S-PU) to prepare CNT/c-MOF@S-PU composite films using the solution casting method, and c-MOF@S-PU composite films were fabricated as a control. This dendritic structured filler improves compatibility with S-PU and significantly increases the specific surface area, thereby enhancing the dielectric constant of the composite film. Concurrently, the internal micropores of the filler suppress excessive charge carrier migration, leading to a reduction in dielectric loss. At 100 Hz, the 3.41 vol% CNT/c-MOF@S-PU composite achieves a dielectric constant of 135.7, which is 1.55 times that of c-MOF@S-PU (87.4) and 25.5 times that of pure S-PU (5.32). Simultaneously, its dielectric loss remains low at 0.13. This reveals the composite film is a promising candidate material for actuators.

为了满足可穿戴设备和软体机器人等前沿柔性电子产品对高效、紧凑和低功耗致动器的迫切需求，开发具有高介电常数和低介电损耗的介电弹性体致动器至关重要。受自然界树木结构的启发，我们构建了一种三维互穿网络结构的CNT/c-MOF填料，以碳纳米管（CNT）为“树干”，导电金属有机骨架Ni₃（HHTP）₂（缩写为c-MOF）为“叶子”。将上述填料与合成硫化聚氨酯（S-PU）结合，采用溶液浇铸法制备CNT/c-MOF@S-PU复合膜，并以c-MOF@S-PU复合膜为对照。该枝晶结构填料改善了与S-PU的相容性，显著提高了复合膜的比表面积，从而提高了复合膜的介电常数。同时，填料的内部微孔抑制了过多的载流子迁移，从而降低了介电损耗。在100 Hz时，3.41 vol% CNT/c-MOF@S-PU复合材料的介电常数为135.7，是c-MOF@S-PU（87.4）的1.55倍，是纯S-PU（5.32）的25.5倍。同时，其介电损耗保持在0.13的低水平。这表明复合薄膜是一种很有前途的执行器候选材料。

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引用次数: 0

Dynamic information encryption via fluorescent hydrogels based on Perylene Diimide crosslinker 基于苝酰亚胺交联剂的荧光水凝胶动态信息加密

IF 5.1 3区工程技术 Q1 CHEMISTRY, APPLIED

Reactive & Functional Polymers

Pub Date : 2025-12-20 DOI: 10.1016/j.reactfunctpolym.2025.106620

Yao Li , Yong Ye , Ju Guo , Yi Liu , Songlun Liu , Yong Chen , Bing Du , Liang Chang

Fluorescent hydrogels were considered a superior platform for developing functional materials in multiple application areas to date. The design and application of aggregation-caused quenching (ACQ) based fluorophores in fluorescent hydrogels are fundamentally constrained by their inherent aggregation-caused quenching behavior. Herein, we report the first fluorescent hydrogel utilizing a perylene diimide (PDIC) as a covalent crosslinker, overcoming inherent ACQ limitations to enable multidimensional information encryption. The hydrogel exhibited reversible Fe³⁺-responsive fluorescence switching and pronounced differential swelling/deformation responses to pH 8 stimulation. Fe³⁺ was used for the first information encryption input. Subsequently, exposure to Ca²⁺ or alkaline conditions (pH 8) induces a shape deformation that enables secondary information encryption. This strategy establishes a new paradigm for utilizing ACQ fluorophores in functional hydrogels, promoting the development of more ACQ-based fluorescent hydrogels for anti-counterfeiting and secure data storage applications.

迄今为止，荧光水凝胶被认为是在多个应用领域开发功能材料的优越平台。荧光水凝胶中基于聚集致猝灭（ACQ）的荧光团的设计和应用从根本上受到其固有的聚集致猝灭行为的限制。在此，我们报告了第一个利用苝二酰亚胺（PDIC）作为共价交联剂的荧光水凝胶，克服了固有的ACQ限制，实现了多维信息加密。水凝胶表现出可逆的Fe3+响应荧光开关和明显的差异肿胀/变形响应pH 8刺激。第一次信息加密输入采用Fe3+。随后，暴露于Ca2+或碱性条件（pH 8）诱导形状变形，使二次信息加密。该策略为ACQ荧光团在功能水凝胶中的应用建立了新的范例，促进了更多ACQ荧光水凝胶的开发，用于防伪和安全数据存储应用。

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引用次数: 0

Composites based on porphyran as an adsorbent for environmentally friendly water treatment 以卟啉为吸附剂的复合材料用于环保水处理

IF 5.1 3区工程技术 Q1 CHEMISTRY, APPLIED

Reactive & Functional Polymers

Pub Date : 2025-12-19 DOI: 10.1016/j.reactfunctpolym.2025.106616

Noureddine El Messaoudi , Jordana Georgin , Dison S.P. Franco , Mesut Yılmazoğlu , Başak Temur , Youssef Miyah , Mohammed Benjelloun , Ashraf M. Al-Msiedeen

Porphyran is a sulfated polysaccharide obtained from red algae (Porphyra spp.). Porphyran is seen as a versatile and sustainable biopolymer that can be used as a composite material in green water treatment applications. Because it has many hydroxyls, sulfate, and carboxyl groups, porphyran is expected to be favorable as a base biopolymer for adsorption, ion exchange, and chemical modification during processing, and for the removal of dyes, heavy metals, and pharmaceuticals in wastewater. This review highlights recent developments in porphyran's synthesis, structural modification, and hybridization with inorganic nanoparticles, biopolymers, and carbonaceous materials for enhanced adsorption capacity, selectivity, and reusability. This review also focuses on structure-property-performance relationships and synergism in composites. Lastly, this review discusses adsorption capacity mechanisms based on electrostatic interactions, hydrogen bonding, and π–π stacking upon consideration of different environmental conditions. Further, consideration of scalability and regeneration of porphyran-based composites when used in a green chemistry fashion, within the concepts of circular bioeconomy and environmental considerations, is taken into account. Scaffolds with differences in research focus, such as standardization of test conditions, evaluation of properties in real wastewater matrices, and life cycle assessment, are also presented, given knowledge gaps. Lastly, future perspectives highlight the combination of porphyran-based adsorbents with advanced oxidation and membrane processes. Additionally, the potential application of machine learning tools to optimize design and performance is also suggested. Collectively, this review illustrates that, as cost-effective, biodegradable, and high-performance materials, porphyran-based composites offer great potential for sustainable and environmentally favorable water purification.

卟啉是从红藻（卟藻属）中提取的硫酸酸化多糖。卟啉被认为是一种多功能和可持续的生物聚合物，可以用作绿色水处理应用的复合材料。由于卟啉具有许多羟基、硫酸盐和羧基，它有望成为一种有利的碱性生物聚合物，用于吸附、离子交换和加工过程中的化学修饰，以及去除废水中的染料、重金属和药物。本文综述了卟啉的合成、结构修饰以及与无机纳米颗粒、生物聚合物和碳质材料的杂交，以增强其吸附能力、选择性和可重复使用性。本文还对复合材料的结构-性能-性能关系和协同作用进行了综述。最后，本文讨论了不同环境条件下基于静电相互作用、氢键和π -π堆积的吸附能力机制。此外，在循环生物经济和环境考虑的概念范围内，考虑到以绿色化学方式使用卟啉基复合材料时的可扩展性和再生。鉴于知识差距，研究重点不同的支架，如测试条件的标准化、真实废水基质的性能评估和生命周期评估，也被提出。最后，未来的前景突出了卟啉基吸附剂与高级氧化和膜工艺的结合。此外，还提出了机器学习工具在优化设计和性能方面的潜在应用。总的来说，这篇综述表明，作为具有成本效益、可生物降解和高性能的材料，卟啉基复合材料在可持续和环境友好的水净化方面具有巨大的潜力。

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引用次数: 0

Extraction, functionalization, and modification of laminarin for wastewater treatment: recent advances, future trends, and innovations 废水处理中层粘胶蛋白的提取、功能化和改性：最新进展、未来趋势和创新

IF 5.1 3区工程技术 Q1 CHEMISTRY, APPLIED

Reactive & Functional Polymers

Pub Date : 2025-12-19 DOI: 10.1016/j.reactfunctpolym.2025.106618

Noureddine El Messaoudi , Youssef Miyah , Jordana Georgin , Dison S.P. Franco , Mesut Yılmazoğlu , Tarek Kouka , Khadijah S. Al-Namshah , Amine El Azizi

This review serves as a thorough guidebook on the increasing promise of laminarin as a multifunctional biopolymer for sustainable wastewater treatment, reviewing advancements in terms of extraction, structural modification and application performance. Laminarin, a sulfated β-glucan derived from brown macroalgae, (2-10 kDa) is becoming of interest because of its biodegradability and chemical versatility to bind a wide range of pollutants. This guide synthesizes advances in innovative, environmental-friendly, and high-yield extraction methods that aim to maximize yield and decrease energy and processing costs. Then it reviews the functionalization strategies (both physical and chemical) of laminarin such as grafting, crosslinking, incorporated nanoparticles and forming composites of laminarin with other polymers, and discusses these unique strategies to dramatically enhance removal of dyes, heavy metals, pharmaceuticals, and emerging contaminants from wastewater. The structure-property relationships are presented to illustrate how branching degree, sulfate groups, and introduced functionalities dictate adsorption capacity, selectivity, diffusion behavior, and reusability. Economic estimates indicate that green-extracted, moderately functionalized laminarin has better economic competitiveness than traditional adsorbents and can be scaled. Notable limitations including feedstock variability, constraints on production at scale, and unmodified laminarin's instability in harsh effluents are critically appraised. To mitigate these limitations, the review provides future pathways towards hybrid nano-laminarin systems, stimuli-responsive materials, and circular-economy regeneration approaches. The intersection of sciences, engineering, and sustainability deem this review a reference for the development of next-generation laminarin-based materials for efficient and green wastewater purification.

本文综述了层粘连蛋白作为一种多功能生物聚合物在废水处理中的应用前景，综述了层粘连蛋白在提取、结构改性和应用性能方面的研究进展。Laminarin是一种从褐藻中提取的硫酸酸化β-葡聚糖（2-10 kDa），由于其生物可降解性和化学通用性，可以结合多种污染物而引起人们的兴趣。本指南综合了创新、环保和高产提取方法的进展，旨在最大限度地提高产量，降低能源和加工成本。然后回顾了层粘胶蛋白的功能化策略（物理和化学），如接枝，交联，加入纳米颗粒和与其他聚合物形成层粘胶蛋白复合材料，并讨论了这些独特的策略，以显著提高去除染料，重金属，药物和废水中的新污染物。结构-性质关系的提出，以说明如何分支度，硫酸盐基团和引入的功能决定吸附能力，选择性，扩散行为，和可重用性。经济评估表明，绿色提取、适度功能化的层粘胶素比传统吸附剂具有更好的经济竞争力，并且可以规模化生产。值得注意的限制，包括原料的可变性，在规模生产的限制，和未经改性的层粘连蛋白在恶劣的流出物的不稳定性进行了严格的评估。为了减轻这些限制，综述提供了混合纳米层状蛋白系统、刺激响应材料和循环经济再生方法的未来途径。该综述是科学、工程和可持续发展的交叉，为开发下一代层流蛋白基材料以实现高效、绿色的废水净化提供了参考。

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引用次数: 0

Poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene /hydroxypropyl-β-cyclodextrin) polyrotaxane: Synthesis and photophysical characteristics 聚（3,4-乙烯二氧噻吩/羟丙基-β-环糊精）聚轮烷的合成及其光物理特性

IF 5.1 3区工程技术 Q1 CHEMISTRY, APPLIED

Reactive & Functional Polymers

Pub Date : 2025-12-18 DOI: 10.1016/j.reactfunctpolym.2025.106603

Ana-Maria Resmerita, Mihaela Silion, Mihaela Balan-Porcarasu, Andrei Victor Oancea, Aurica Farcas

We report here the ability of 3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene (EDOT) to form an inclusion complex (IC) with hydroxypropyl-β-cyclodextrin (HPβCD), and the synthesis of poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene/HPβCD) (PEDOT/HPβCD) polypseudorotaxane by oxidative polymerization of the EDOT-HPβCD IC in water using as a catalyst FeCl₃, followed by end-capping of PEDOT ends with bulky pyrene (Py). The IC was in-depth characterized by molecular docking computations and spectroscopic analyses, including FT-IR, HH-ROESY, ¹H NMR, and UV–Vis titration in water. The computational chemistry confirmed that EDOT can form IC with HPβCD through hydrophobic interactions, and the HH-ROESY NMR spectra indicated that the EDOT monomer is located inside the cavity of HPβCD. Additionally, Job's plot confirmed the 1:1 EDOT-HPβCD IC formation, with a stability constant of about 539 M⁻¹. The physico-chemical, thermal stability, and prelucrability of PEDOT/HPβCD polyrotaxane in thin films were investigated and compared to the reference PEDOT. The UV–Vis absorption, fluorescence, and lifetimes in acetonitrile (ACN), together with electrochemical properties were evaluated. The dynamic light scattering (DLS) was also employed to study the water dispersion of the material. The measured hydrodynamic diameter (HD) and zeta potential (ZP-ζ) indicated that PEDOT/HPβCD can form a stable water dispersion with an HD of about 300 nm and ZP-ζ = 22.81 mV, respectively. The cyclic voltammetry curve of PEDOT/HPβCD shows an electroactive response.

本文报道了3,4-乙烯二氧噻吩（EDOT）与羟丙基-β-环糊精（HPβCD）形成包合物（IC）的能力，以及以FeCl3为催化剂，将EDOT-HPβCD IC在水中氧化聚合合成聚3,4-乙烯二氧噻吩/HPβCD （PEDOT/HPβCD）聚聚磺酰亚砜，然后用大体积芘（Py）对PEDOT末端进行端盖。通过分子对接计算和光谱分析，包括FT-IR、HH-ROESY、1H NMR和水中UV-Vis滴定，对IC进行了深入表征。计算化学证实了EDOT可以与HPβCD通过疏水相互作用形成IC， HH-ROESY NMR谱表明EDOT单体位于HPβCD的腔内。此外，Job的图证实了1:1 EDOT-HPβCD IC的形成，其稳定常数约为539 M−1。考察了PEDOT/ hpβ - cd聚轮烷在薄膜中的物理化学稳定性、热稳定性和预溶性，并与参考PEDOT进行了比较。对其在乙腈（ACN）中的紫外可见吸收、荧光、寿命以及电化学性能进行了评价。动态光散射（DLS）也被用于研究材料的水分散。测定的水动力直径（HD）和ζ电位（ZP-ζ）表明，PEDOT/HPβCD能形成稳定的水分散体，HD约为300 nm， ZP-ζ = 22.81 mV。PEDOT/HPβCD的循环伏安曲线显示出电活性响应。

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引用次数: 0