Reactive & Functional Polymers最新文献_第4页

Stability of ammonium carboxylate structures in TEMPO-oxidized cellulose to dry thermal, humid thermal, and hydrothermal treatments tempo氧化纤维素中羧酸铵结构在干热、湿热和水热处理下的稳定性

IF 5.1 3区工程技术 Q1 CHEMISTRY, APPLIED

Reactive & Functional Polymers

Pub Date : 2026-04-01 Epub Date: 2026-01-22 DOI: 10.1016/j.reactfunctpolym.2026.106657

Runqing Hou, Pavitra Thevi Arnandan, Korawit Chitbanyong, Izumi Shibata, Akira Isogai

Cellulose nanofibers (CNFs) containing ammonium carboxylate groups are possibly converted to CNFs with protonated carboxy groups via simple thermal decomposition. The CNF-COOH structures in films and composites can form intra- and inter-fibrillar hydrogen bonds, which are expected to enhance mechanical, thermal, and gas-barrier properties. In this study, CNF pellets and films containing ammonium carboxylate groups were first prepared and subjected to dry thermal, humid thermal, and hydrothermal treatments to clarify the convertibility of ammonium carboxylate groups to protonated ones, considering simple thermal processes to improve CNF properties. The ratios of ammonium carboxylate or protonated carboxy groups in the heated samples were determined from their infrared spectra. Freeze-dried pellets-COONH₄ and cast/dried CNF-COONH₄ films contained 81–82% ammonium carboxylate group ratios before heating; however, complete formation of ammonium carboxylate groups in the pellet and film samples could not be achieved. Heating at 90 °C and 90% RH for 240 min was required for the CNF-COONH₄ films to reduce the ammonium carboxylate ratio from 81% to 8%. These results indicate that the ammonium carboxylate groups in the film samples exhibited high resistance to the formation of protonated carboxy groups under the thermal conditions applied. Consequently, it is not plausible that CNF-COONH₄ films were mostly converted to CNF-COOH structures under the heating conditions used in this study over a short time. Nevertheless, partial conversions of CNF-COONH₄ groups to CNF-COOH ones by thermal treatment under suitable conditions are regarded as simple processes to change the structures of counterions of carboxy groups and resultant film properties.

含有羧酸铵基团的纤维素纳米纤维（CNFs）可能通过简单的热分解转化为含有质子化羧基的CNFs。薄膜和复合材料中的CNF-COOH结构可以形成纤维内和纤维间的氢键，这有望提高机械、热和气体阻隔性能。本研究首先制备了含有羧酸铵基团的CNF球团和膜，并进行了干热、湿热和水热处理，以阐明羧酸铵基团向质子化基团的可转化性，考虑简单的热过程以提高CNF的性能。通过红外光谱测定了加热后样品中羧酸铵和质子化羧基的比例。冻干颗粒- coonh4和铸干CNF-COONH4薄膜加热前羧酸铵基团比为81 ~ 82%；然而，在球团和薄膜样品中不能完全形成羧酸铵基团。CNF-COONH4薄膜需要在90℃和90%相对湿度下加热240 min，以使羧酸铵的比例从81%降低到8%。这些结果表明，在加热条件下，膜样品中的羧酸铵基团对质子化羧基的形成具有较高的抗性。因此，在本研究中使用的加热条件下，CNF-COONH4膜在短时间内大部分转化为CNF-COOH结构是不合理的。然而，在合适的条件下，通过热处理将CNF-COONH4基团部分转化为CNF-COOH基团被认为是改变羧基反离子结构和所得膜性能的简单过程。

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引用次数: 0

Synthesis of Ag-based TPU using a silver/3-pyridine methanol chain extender to enhance the surface properties of PVC/Ag-based TPU membranes in MBRs 用银/3-吡啶甲醇扩链剂合成银基TPU以提高mbr中PVC/银基TPU膜的表面性能

IF 5.1 3区工程技术 Q1 CHEMISTRY, APPLIED

Reactive & Functional Polymers

Pub Date : 2026-04-01 Epub Date: 2026-01-08 DOI: 10.1016/j.reactfunctpolym.2026.106644

Mehdi Zarei , Hossein Hazrati , Ali Akbari , Reza Lotfi Mayan Sofla

Bacterial adhesion and growth on polymeric membrane surfaces—particularly in membrane bioreactor (MBR) systems—pose significant challenges, often leading to severe biofouling and reduced treatment efficiency. As membrane surface properties directly influence fouling behavior, the development of membranes with inherent antibacterial functionality is essential. In this study, novel antibacterial PVC/Ag-based TPU membranes were synthesized and evaluated. Silver nitrate (AgNO₃) was first reacted with 3-pyridine methanol and then employed as a chain extender during the in situ polymerization of thermoplastic polyurethane (TPU), resulting in Ag-based TPU materials. These were then blended with polyvinyl chloride (PVC) to fabricate membranes via the non-solvent induced phase separation (NIPS) technique. The incorporation of silver altered the mechanical and surface properties of the TPU, notably reducing surface roughness and water contact angle (WCA) as silver content increased. Atomic force microscopy (AFM) confirmed that the Ag2P15B membrane exhibited approximately 50% lower surface roughness compared to other membranes. Performance evaluation in an MBR system demonstrated that the Ag2P15B membrane achieved a flux recovery rate (FRR) of 91.25% and a total fouling ratio (TFR) of just 30%, indicating significantly enhanced antifouling behavior compared with other membranes lacking antibacterial TPU. These results underscore the potential of Ag-based TPUs for developing high-performance, antifouling membranes for advanced wastewater treatment applications.

细菌在聚合物膜表面的粘附和生长——特别是在膜生物反应器（MBR）系统中——构成了重大挑战，经常导致严重的生物污染和处理效率降低。由于膜的表面特性直接影响污染行为，因此开发具有固有抗菌功能的膜是必不可少的。本研究合成了一种新型抗菌PVC/ ag基TPU膜，并对其进行了评价。硝酸银（AgNO₃）首先与3-吡啶甲醇反应，然后在热塑性聚氨酯（TPU）的原位聚合过程中用作扩链剂，得到银基TPU材料。然后将其与聚氯乙烯（PVC）混合，通过非溶剂诱导相分离（NIPS）技术制备膜。银的加入改变了TPU的机械性能和表面性能，随着银含量的增加，表面粗糙度和水接触角（WCA）显著降低。原子力显微镜（AFM）证实，Ag2P15B膜的表面粗糙度比其他膜低约50%。在MBR系统中的性能评价表明，Ag2P15B膜的通量回收率（FRR）为91.25%，总污染率（TFR）仅为30%，与其他缺乏抗菌TPU的膜相比，其防污性能显著增强。这些结果强调了ag基tpu在开发高性能、防污膜用于高级废水处理方面的潜力。

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引用次数: 0

Tuning physical performance of gelatin-cellulose nanocrystals hydrogels 调节明胶-纤维素纳米晶水凝胶的物理性能

IF 5.1 3区工程技术 Q1 CHEMISTRY, APPLIED

Reactive & Functional Polymers

Pub Date : 2026-04-01 Epub Date: 2026-01-27 DOI: 10.1016/j.reactfunctpolym.2026.106667

Jessica Borges-Vilches , Tuuli Virkkala , Valentina Guccini , Marko Crivaro , Thaddeus Maloney , Tekla Tammelin , Eero Kontturi

Stimuli-responsive hydrogels are interesting, particularly in the realm of biomedicals, but often the fundamental response of their key physical properties is not simultaneously monitored. Here, we investigated the pH response on the porosity, rheological behavior, mechanical performance, and molecular diffusivity of a hydrogel system composed of two bio-based components: gelatin and rod-like cellulose nanocrystals (CNCs). By leveraging the pH-responsive nature of gelatin, we systematically examined the structural properties of these hydrogels formed under three pH conditions: below (pH 5), above (pH 11), and at the isoelectric point (pH 8) of type A gelatin. All hydrogels exhibited a distinct cellular architecture, characterized by micron-scale tubular pores with embedded mesopores. Increasing pH upon the hydrogel crosslinking promoted the formation of more porous structures with significantly enhanced mechanical performance. The effect on the Young's modulus was significant: with a 3-fold increase compared to its counterparts, the hydrogel fabricated at pH 11 exhibited the stiffest structure. This improvement in hydrogel stiffness with pH further restricted the molecular diffusivity within the hydrogels to some extent, as evidenced by Fluorescence Recovery After Photobleaching analysis using fluorescein isothiocyanate-dextran as a diffusion probe. Overall, this study presents a straightforward and effective strategy for fabricating pH-tunable hydrogels, providing valuable insights for the design of responsive biomaterials with potential applications in soft tissue engineering and drug delivery.

刺激反应水凝胶很有趣，特别是在生物医学领域，但通常它们的关键物理性质的基本反应不能同时监测。在这里，我们研究了pH值对由两种生物基成分：明胶和棒状纤维素纳米晶体（CNCs）组成的水凝胶体系的孔隙度、流变行为、力学性能和分子扩散率的影响。通过利用明胶的pH响应特性，我们系统地研究了在三种pH条件下形成的这些水凝胶的结构特性：低于（pH 5），高于（pH 11），以及在A型明胶的等电点（pH 8）。所有的水凝胶都表现出独特的细胞结构，其特征是微米尺度的管状孔和嵌入的介孔。增加水凝胶交联时的pH值，促进了多孔结构的形成，力学性能显著提高。对杨氏模量的影响是显著的：与同类产品相比，在pH 11下制备的水凝胶具有最刚性的结构，增加了3倍。这种水凝胶硬度随pH值的提高在一定程度上进一步限制了水凝胶内的分子扩散，这一点在使用异硫氰酸-葡聚糖荧光素作为扩散探针的光漂白后荧光恢复分析中得到了证明。总的来说，这项研究提出了一种简单有效的制造ph可调水凝胶的策略，为设计具有潜在应用于软组织工程和药物输送的响应性生物材料提供了有价值的见解。

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引用次数: 0

Sodium alginate/carboxymethyl chitosan composite hydrogel beads for pH/redox dual-responsive pesticide release 海藻酸钠/羧甲基壳聚糖复合水凝胶微球pH/氧化还原双响应释药

IF 5.1 3区工程技术 Q1 CHEMISTRY, APPLIED

Reactive & Functional Polymers

Pub Date : 2026-04-01 Epub Date: 2026-01-20 DOI: 10.1016/j.reactfunctpolym.2026.106659

Xiyuan Guo , Yuanfeng Pan , Yuanjian Xie , Pingxiong Cai

Pesticides are essential for agricultural production; however, their improper application can result in ecological damage and potential threats to human health. Therefore, the development of pesticide-controlled-release systems is crucial for the sustainable progress of agriculture and society. This work presents a novel strategy for fabricating a polyelectrolyte hydrogel bead-based pesticide-controlled-release system. The process involves blending a sodium alginate/carboxymethyl chitosan (SA/CMCS) solution with cystine dihydrochloride (CYS), followed by introducing the mixture into a citric acid (CA) solution. The abundant protonated amino groups (-NH³⁺) and carboxylate anions (-COO-) within the system facilitate the formation of CMCS/SA-CYS/CA composite hydrogel beads (CHGB), subsequently loaded with thiamethoxam (TMX) to create TMX-loaded CHGB (TCHGB) for investigations into drug loading and responsive release. The CHGB exhibits remarkable swelling properties (up to 4200%), along with pH and redox sensitivity. And the release of TMX from TCHGB displays favorable responsiveness to pH and redox stimuli. Under alkaline conditions (pH 9.0) and reductive surroundings (containing glutathione), the cumulative release ratio of TMX surpasses 95%. Furthermore, it has been demonstrated that the release kinetics of TMX comply with Fickian diffusion described by the Korsmeyer-Peppas model. The discoveries of this study hold considerable research and practical value in the domain of controlled-release agricultural chemicals.

农药是农业生产所必需的；然而，不当使用会造成生态破坏和对人体健康的潜在威胁。因此，农药控释系统的发展对农业和社会的可持续发展至关重要。本文提出了一种制备聚电解质水凝胶微球型农药控释系统的新方法。该工艺包括将海藻酸钠/羧甲基壳聚糖（SA/CMCS）溶液与盐酸胱氨酸（CYS）混合，然后将混合物引入柠檬酸（CA）溶液中。系统中丰富的质子化氨基（- nh3 +）和羧酸阴离子（- coo -）促进CMCS/SA-CYS/CA复合水凝胶珠（CHGB）的形成，随后与噻虫嗪（TMX）负载，形成TMX负载的CHGB (TCHGB)，用于药物加载和响应释放的研究。CHGB表现出显著的溶胀特性（高达4200%），以及pH和氧化还原敏感性。从TCHGB释放的TMX对pH和氧化还原刺激表现出良好的响应性。在碱性条件（pH 9.0）和还原性环境（含谷胱甘肽）下，TMX的累积释放率超过95%。此外，已经证明TMX的释放动力学符合Korsmeyer-Peppas模型所描述的Fickian扩散。本研究的发现在农药控释领域具有重要的研究和实用价值。

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引用次数: 0

Chitosan hydrogel loaded with dexamethasone nanoparticles enhances osteogenesis and bone regeneration via macrophage polarization 负载地塞米松纳米颗粒的壳聚糖水凝胶通过巨噬细胞极化促进骨生成和骨再生

IF 5.1 3区工程技术 Q1 CHEMISTRY, APPLIED

Reactive & Functional Polymers

Pub Date : 2026-04-01 Epub Date: 2026-01-22 DOI: 10.1016/j.reactfunctpolym.2026.106661

Jie Zhang , Yuhao Zhao , Jianze Cao , Yongfei Liu , Haiyan Zhao

Traditional bone defect repair faces challenges such as donor scarcity and immune rejection. In this study, we developed a chitosan hydrogel embedded with Dexamethasone-loaded nanoparticles (Dex-CS-NPs) to synergistically enhance bone regeneration through immunomodulation and osteogenic stimulation. The Dex-CS-NPs, synthesized via ionic crosslinking, exhibited an average diameter of 41.10 ± 7.31 nm, an encapsulation efficiency of 65.62%, and a drug loading capacity of 22.33%. These nanoparticles were then uniformly integrated into a chitosan hydrogel matrix. In vitro, the Dex-CS-NPs-loaded hydrogel demonstrated sustained release of Dexamethasone, which promoted macrophage polarization towards the anti-inflammatory M2 phenotype and enhanced the osteogenic differentiation of MC3T3-E1 pre-osteoblasts. In a rat tibial critical-size defect model, implantation of the NPs-hydrogel significantly improved bone regeneration outcomes and facilitated integration with the host tissue. Histological analysis confirmed upregulation of RUNX2 expression and increased osteoblast activity at the defect site, without inducing systemic toxicity. This dual-functional biomaterial not only modulates the local immune microenvironment via M2 polarization but also directly stimulates osteogenesis, offering a promising strategy to address clinical challenges in bone repair.

传统的骨缺损修复面临供体稀缺和免疫排斥等挑战。在这项研究中，我们开发了一种壳聚糖水凝胶，包埋地塞米松负载纳米颗粒（Dex-CS-NPs），通过免疫调节和成骨刺激协同促进骨再生。通过离子交联法制备的Dex-CS-NPs平均直径为41.10±7.31 nm，包封效率为65.62%，载药量为22.33%。然后将这些纳米颗粒均匀地整合到壳聚糖水凝胶基质中。在体外实验中，负载dex - cs - nps的水凝胶表现出地塞米松的缓释，促进巨噬细胞向抗炎M2表型极化，增强MC3T3-E1前成骨细胞的成骨分化。在大鼠胫骨临界尺寸缺损模型中，nps水凝胶的植入显著改善了骨再生结果，并促进了与宿主组织的融合。组织学分析证实RUNX2表达上调，缺损部位成骨细胞活性增加，未引起全身毒性。这种双功能生物材料不仅可以通过M2极化调节局部免疫微环境，还可以直接刺激骨生成，为解决骨修复的临床挑战提供了一种有希望的策略。

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引用次数: 0

Light-activated self-healing poly (lactic acid) for durable FDM 3D printing applications 用于耐用FDM 3D打印应用的光激活自修复聚乳酸

IF 5.1 3区工程技术 Q1 CHEMISTRY, APPLIED

Reactive & Functional Polymers

Pub Date : 2026-03-01 Epub Date: 2025-12-14 DOI: 10.1016/j.reactfunctpolym.2025.106607

Antoni Pagés-Llobet , Fernando Julián , Francesc Xavier Espinach , Mònica Ardanuy , Helena Oliver-Ortega , José Alberto Méndez

Fused Deposition Modelling (FDM) is an additive manufacturing technique that allows the fabrication of complex and customized parts. However, FDM-based pieces exhibit low mechanical performance due to the inherent limitations of this technology: poor interlayer adhesion and internal voids. As a result, the mechanical durability is reduced contributing to the problem of plastic waste generation. In this sense, the introduction of dynamic crosslinkers into the thermoplastic can be particularly beneficial, since they not only reinforce the polymer matrix but also impart self-healing functionality. As a consequence, the service life of FDM components is further extended. Here, we develop a coumarin-modified poly (lactic acid) formulation capable of intrinsic, light-activated self-healing. Upon ultraviolet irradiation under optimized solid-state conditions of irradiance and temperature, coumarin moieties grafted onto the PLA backbone undergo [2π + 2π] cycloaddition, generating photocrosslinked networks. Evidence of photocrosslinking was confirmed by the formation of a gel fraction (9.6 %) and a 72 % increase in storage modulus. Mechanical scratches on FDM specimens were subsequently irradiated, showing accelerated scratch closure and a smaller reduction in storage modulus (9.5 %) compared to neat PLA (32 %). These results suggest that dimerized coumarin units partially undergo reversible cleavage and re-dimerization during the healing process, enabling repeated recovery of mechanical stability. This represents the first demonstration of light-activated self-healing in FDM-printed PLA. Unlike previously reported extrinsic self-healing approaches in PLA, which rely on single-use microcapsule systems, the present work achieves intrinsic, repeatable self-healing within the PLA matrix. By combining biobased composition with extended functionality and durability, this research advances a sustainable strategy for additive manufacturing, addressing both the mechanical limitations of FDM and the broader challenge of reducing plastic waste.

熔融沉积建模（FDM）是一种增材制造技术，允许制造复杂和定制的零件。然而，由于该技术的固有局限性，基于fdm的部件表现出较低的机械性能：层间附着力差和内部空隙。因此，机械耐久性降低，导致塑料废物产生的问题。从这个意义上说，在热塑性塑料中引入动态交联剂是特别有益的，因为它们不仅增强了聚合物基体，而且赋予了自愈功能。因此，FDM组件的使用寿命进一步延长。在这里，我们开发了一种香豆素修饰的聚乳酸配方，能够内在的，光激活的自愈。在优化的固体辐照度和温度条件下，紫外光照射后，接枝到PLA骨架上的香豆素基团发生[2π + 2π]环加成，形成光交联网络。凝胶部分（9.6%）的形成和存储模量72%的增加证实了光交联的证据。随后辐照FDM样品上的机械划痕，与纯PLA（32%）相比，显示加速划痕闭合和较小的存储模量减少（9.5%）。这些结果表明，在愈合过程中，二聚香豆素单元部分经历了可逆的裂解和再二聚，从而实现了机械稳定性的反复恢复。这代表了fdm打印PLA中光激活自修复的首次演示。与先前报道的依赖于一次性微胶囊系统的聚乳酸的外在自愈方法不同，目前的工作在聚乳酸基质中实现了内在的、可重复的自愈。通过将生物基组合物与扩展的功能和耐用性相结合，本研究提出了一种可持续的增材制造策略，解决了FDM的机械限制和减少塑料废物的更广泛挑战。

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引用次数: 0

Alkoxy-terminated polydimethylsiloxanes – The missing member of the PDMS family 烷氧基端聚二甲基硅氧烷- PDMS家族中缺失的成员

IF 5.1 3区工程技术 Q1 CHEMISTRY, APPLIED

Reactive & Functional Polymers

Pub Date : 2026-03-01 Epub Date: 2025-12-20 DOI: 10.1016/j.reactfunctpolym.2025.106621

I.I. Belikova , K.A. Bezlepkina , V.A. Aristova , F.D. Krylov , S.N. Ardabevskaia , R.V. Uliankin , I.V. Frank , V.Yu. Zubova , E.O. Minyaylo , A.A. Anisimov , A.M. Muzafarov , S.A. Milenin

Polydimethylsiloxanes with alkoxysilyl functional groups are in demand due to their high reactivity in hydrolysis, condensation, and heterofunctional condensation reactions, opening up their potential application in the production of sealants, gaskets, and coatings. This study focuses on the preparation of polydimethylsiloxanes with terminal alkoxy groups by opening octamethylcyclotetrasiloxane in an alcohol solution in the presence of sodium methoxide as an initiator. The alcohol acts as a solvent, a transfer agent, and a chain terminator. The influence of catalyst concentration and the amount of alcohol used on the reaction progress and the molecular weight characteristics of polydimethylsiloxanes with terminal methoxy groups were studied. As a result, optimal process conditions were selected: a 50 % solution of octamethylcyclotetrasiloxane in methanol in the presence of 3 mol% catalyst. The reproducibility and scalability of the method were demonstrated, yielding over 100 g of polydimethylsiloxanes with terminal methoxy groups. The possibility of reusing the methanol phase containing cyclic products and sodium methoxide was demonstrated. A series of polydimethylsiloxanes with various terminal alkoxy groups, such as those with allyloxy groups, were obtained. The structure of the resulting polydimethylsiloxanes was established and confirmed using ¹H, ²⁹Si, ¹H²⁹Si HMBC NMR spectroscopy, GPC analysis, and MALDI-TOF spectrometry. The obtained results can have a positive impact on the development of the field of synthesis of functionalized polysiloxanes and materials based on them in the near future.

具有烷氧基硅氧基官能团的聚二甲基硅氧烷因其在水解、缩合和异官能团缩合反应中的高反应性而受到需求，从而在密封剂、垫片和涂料的生产中具有潜在的应用前景。本研究以甲醇钠为引发剂，在醇溶液中开环八甲基环四硅氧烷，制备了端烷氧基聚二甲基硅氧烷。醇作为溶剂、转移剂和链终止剂。研究了催化剂浓度和醇用量对末端甲氧基聚二甲基硅氧烷的反应过程和分子量特性的影响。因此，选择了最佳工艺条件：在3mol %催化剂的存在下，以50%的八甲基环四硅氧烷溶液溶于甲醇。该方法的可重复性和可扩展性得到了超过100g的端甲氧基聚二甲基硅氧烷。论证了含环产物和甲醇钠的甲醇相重复利用的可能性。得到了一系列具有不同末端烷氧基的聚二甲基硅氧烷，如烯丙氧基。通过1H、29Si、1H29Si HMBC NMR谱、GPC分析和MALDI-TOF光谱法确定了聚二甲基硅氧烷的结构。研究结果将对功能化聚硅氧烷及其基材料的合成产生积极的影响。

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引用次数: 0

Sustainable casein-derived materials for water purification: opportunities, challenges, progress, and perspectives 用于水净化的可持续酪蛋白衍生材料：机遇、挑战、进展和前景

IF 5.1 3区工程技术 Q1 CHEMISTRY, APPLIED

Reactive & Functional Polymers

Pub Date : 2026-03-01 Epub Date: 2025-12-17 DOI: 10.1016/j.reactfunctpolym.2025.106612

Noureddine El Messaoudi , Youssef Miyah , Jordana Georgin , Dison S.P. Franco , Mesut Yılmazoğlu , Tarek Kouka , Mouslim Messali

Casein, a sustainable and protein-rich biopolymer derived from milk, has recently exhibited excellent prospects as an efficient building block for the synthesis of eco-friendly materials for water purification. Its abundance of functional groups, intrinsic biocompatibility, and ease of creating composite or hybrid structures render it a potential choice for adsorbents, membranes, and catalytic supports to be employed for the elimination of heavy metals, dyes, drugs, and emerging contaminants. This review critically surveys progress in the design of casein-based materials; chemically modified casein and polymer–casein mixtures to hybrid casein-nanomaterials; and their performance characteristics, regenerability, and environmental impact. Opportunities for innovation, such as newer functionalization strategies, blending with low-cost renewable fillers, and photocatalytic or antimicrobial agent use, are highlighted. Mechanical stability, scalability, and raw casein availability variability issues are discussed alongside environmental and regulatory matters. The review concludes with future directions for valorizing casein in a circular bioeconomy context, aiming to optimize, scale up, and translate laboratory successes into effective water treatment processes.

酪蛋白是一种从牛奶中提取的可持续的富含蛋白质的生物聚合物，最近作为合成水净化环保材料的有效基石，显示出了良好的前景。其丰富的官能团、内在的生物相容性以及易于创建复合或混合结构使其成为吸附剂、膜和催化载体的潜在选择，用于消除重金属、染料、药物和新出现的污染物。本文综述了酪蛋白基材料的设计进展；化学修饰酪蛋白和聚合物酪蛋白混合物到混合酪蛋白纳米材料的研究以及它们的性能特征、可再生性和环境影响。强调了创新的机会，例如更新的功能化策略，与低成本可再生填料的混合以及光催化或抗菌剂的使用。机械稳定性、可扩展性和原酪蛋白可用性可变性问题与环境和监管问题一起讨论。综述总结了在循环生物经济背景下酪蛋白增值的未来方向，旨在优化、扩大规模并将实验室成功转化为有效的水处理工艺。

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引用次数: 0

Design and functionalization of micelle-embedded polymeric films: Reactive platforms for controlled and targeted drug delivery 胶束嵌入聚合物薄膜的设计和功能化：控制和靶向药物递送的反应平台

IF 5.1 3区工程技术 Q1 CHEMISTRY, APPLIED

Reactive & Functional Polymers

Pub Date : 2026-03-01 Epub Date: 2025-12-15 DOI: 10.1016/j.reactfunctpolym.2025.106611

Rizwana Fathima M Kasim, Kalaivizhi Rajappan

The combination of micelles and polymers has produced hybrid polymeric films with embedded micelles, which maintain the nanometric precision of micellar drug carriers while also stabilizing a resilient film matrix that facilitates controlled drug release. The combination of micelles made of block copolymers with high drug-loading capacity, better solubility of hydrophobic payloads, and stimuli-responsive behavior has been facilitated by this system through the mechanical stability and localized delivery capability of thin polymeric matrices. The article provides a detailed discussion of the design principles, fabrication methods, and functional mechanisms of micelle-embedded block copolymer films, focusing on Layer-by-Layer (LBL) assembly, hybrid polymer matrices, and smart stimuli-responsive systems. Their biomedical applications have been reviewed in-depth, including cancer therapy, antimicrobial coatings, wound healing, regenerative medicine, and ocular drug delivery. The multiple functionalities' integration, such as pH, redox, and thermo-responsiveness, results in releasing drugs in the specific area and at the desired time like never before. In conclusion, micelle-embedded polymeric films are a great candidate for the next generation of drug delivery systems, offering personalized, localized, and sustained therapeutic actions through various and diversified clinical fields.

胶束和聚合物的结合产生了嵌入胶束的混合聚合物膜，它保持了胶束药物载体的纳米精度，同时也稳定了弹性膜基质，有助于控制药物释放。该系统通过薄聚合物基质的机械稳定性和局部递送能力，促进了由嵌段共聚物组成的胶束的组合，这些胶束具有高载药能力、更好的疏水有效载荷的溶解度和刺激响应行为。本文详细讨论了胶束嵌段共聚物薄膜的设计原理、制造方法和功能机制，重点介绍了层接层（LBL）组装、混合聚合物基质和智能刺激响应系统。对其生物医学应用进行了深入的综述，包括癌症治疗、抗菌涂层、伤口愈合、再生医学和眼部药物输送。多种功能的整合，如pH、氧化还原和热响应性，导致药物在特定区域和期望的时间释放，这是前所未有的。综上所述，胶束嵌入聚合物薄膜是下一代药物传递系统的重要候选者，可以通过各种不同的临床领域提供个性化、局部化和持续的治疗作用。

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引用次数: 0

Synergistic rigid-flexible dual-network hydrogel with robust absorbency and anti-freezing property 具有强吸水性和抗冻性的协同刚柔双网水凝胶

IF 5.1 3区工程技术 Q1 CHEMISTRY, APPLIED

Reactive & Functional Polymers

Pub Date : 2026-03-01 Epub Date: 2025-12-26 DOI: 10.1016/j.reactfunctpolym.2025.106623

Jialve Zhang, Yanli Shi, Zhengyue Wu, Xvbo Zhang, Yujing Zhang, Picheng Chen, Chuanhui Gao, Yumin Wu, Yuetao Liu

The development of materials with high water absorption, long-lasting water retention, and frost resistance is of great significance for the development of arid, semi-arid, and cold regions. This study utilized acrylic acid (AA), acrylamide (AM), 2-acrylamido-2-methyl-1-propanesulfonic acid (AMPS), and N, N′-methylenebisacrylamide (MBA) as precursors to construct a covalently crosslinked rigid network through free radical polymerization, while sodium carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC) and Ca²⁺ ions were introduced to fabricate the flexible network via non-covalent interactions, yielding a PAA-AM-AMPS/CMC dual-network hydrogel with a three-dimensional architecture. The resultant hydrogel exhibited a water absorption capacity of 1435 g/g in aqueous solution, and the soil combined with 1 wt% hydrogel attained a remarkable water holding capacity of 156 %. It maintained 25 % moisture after 20 days and exhibited only a 23 % reduction in water retention after fifteen cycles, so illustrating exceptional water retention capabilities. Moreover, the compact dual-network structure endowed the hydrogel with a stress of 0.248 MPa and a fracture elongation of 1280 %, concurrently reducing the freezing point to −33.15 °C, significantly enhanced the hydrogel's mechanical properties and ultra-freeze resistance. Soil combined with 15 % hydrogel exhibited a freezing point decreased to −13.03 °C and maintained 70.16 % unfrozen water following freezing at −20 °C. Thus, the PAA-AM-AMPS/CMC hydrogel demonstrates exceptional capabilities in water absorption, soil water retention, and freeze resistance, which has considerable implications for efficient water resource management under extreme conditions.

开发高吸水性、长效保水、抗冻材料，对干旱、半干旱、寒区发展具有重要意义。本研究以丙烯酸（AA）、丙烯酰胺（AM）、2-丙烯酰胺-2-甲基-1-丙烯磺酸（AMPS）和N， N ' -亚甲基双丙烯酰胺（MBA）为前驱体，通过自由基聚合构建了共价交联的刚性网络，而引入羧甲基纤维素钠（CMC）和Ca2+离子，通过非共价相互作用构建了柔性网络，得到了具有三维结构的PAA-AM-AMPS/CMC双网络水凝胶。所得水凝胶在水溶液中的吸水性为1435 g/g，与1 wt%的水凝胶结合后，土壤的持水量达到了156%。它在20天后保持25%的水分，在15次循环后仅显示出23%的保水能力，因此说明了卓越的保水能力。此外，紧凑的双网状结构使水凝胶的应力达到0.248 MPa，断裂伸长率达到1280%，同时将凝固点降低到- 33.15℃，显著提高了水凝胶的力学性能和抗超冻性。与15%水凝胶结合的土壤在- 20°C冻结后，凝固点降至- 13.03°C，并保持70.16%的未冻水。因此，PAA-AM-AMPS/CMC水凝胶在吸水、土壤保水性和抗冻性方面表现出卓越的能力，这对极端条件下的有效水资源管理具有重要意义。

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引用次数: 0