Reactive & Functional Polymers最新文献_第7页

Extraction, functionalization, and modification of laminarin for wastewater treatment: recent advances, future trends, and innovations 废水处理中层粘胶蛋白的提取、功能化和改性：最新进展、未来趋势和创新

IF 5.1 3区工程技术 Q1 CHEMISTRY, APPLIED

Reactive & Functional Polymers

Pub Date : 2026-03-01 Epub Date: 2025-12-19 DOI: 10.1016/j.reactfunctpolym.2025.106618

Noureddine El Messaoudi , Youssef Miyah , Jordana Georgin , Dison S.P. Franco , Mesut Yılmazoğlu , Tarek Kouka , Khadijah S. Al-Namshah , Amine El Azizi

This review serves as a thorough guidebook on the increasing promise of laminarin as a multifunctional biopolymer for sustainable wastewater treatment, reviewing advancements in terms of extraction, structural modification and application performance. Laminarin, a sulfated β-glucan derived from brown macroalgae, (2-10 kDa) is becoming of interest because of its biodegradability and chemical versatility to bind a wide range of pollutants. This guide synthesizes advances in innovative, environmental-friendly, and high-yield extraction methods that aim to maximize yield and decrease energy and processing costs. Then it reviews the functionalization strategies (both physical and chemical) of laminarin such as grafting, crosslinking, incorporated nanoparticles and forming composites of laminarin with other polymers, and discusses these unique strategies to dramatically enhance removal of dyes, heavy metals, pharmaceuticals, and emerging contaminants from wastewater. The structure-property relationships are presented to illustrate how branching degree, sulfate groups, and introduced functionalities dictate adsorption capacity, selectivity, diffusion behavior, and reusability. Economic estimates indicate that green-extracted, moderately functionalized laminarin has better economic competitiveness than traditional adsorbents and can be scaled. Notable limitations including feedstock variability, constraints on production at scale, and unmodified laminarin's instability in harsh effluents are critically appraised. To mitigate these limitations, the review provides future pathways towards hybrid nano-laminarin systems, stimuli-responsive materials, and circular-economy regeneration approaches. The intersection of sciences, engineering, and sustainability deem this review a reference for the development of next-generation laminarin-based materials for efficient and green wastewater purification.

本文综述了层粘连蛋白作为一种多功能生物聚合物在废水处理中的应用前景，综述了层粘连蛋白在提取、结构改性和应用性能方面的研究进展。Laminarin是一种从褐藻中提取的硫酸酸化β-葡聚糖（2-10 kDa），由于其生物可降解性和化学通用性，可以结合多种污染物而引起人们的兴趣。本指南综合了创新、环保和高产提取方法的进展，旨在最大限度地提高产量，降低能源和加工成本。然后回顾了层粘胶蛋白的功能化策略（物理和化学），如接枝，交联，加入纳米颗粒和与其他聚合物形成层粘胶蛋白复合材料，并讨论了这些独特的策略，以显著提高去除染料，重金属，药物和废水中的新污染物。结构-性质关系的提出，以说明如何分支度，硫酸盐基团和引入的功能决定吸附能力，选择性，扩散行为，和可重用性。经济评估表明，绿色提取、适度功能化的层粘胶素比传统吸附剂具有更好的经济竞争力，并且可以规模化生产。值得注意的限制，包括原料的可变性，在规模生产的限制，和未经改性的层粘连蛋白在恶劣的流出物的不稳定性进行了严格的评估。为了减轻这些限制，综述提供了混合纳米层状蛋白系统、刺激响应材料和循环经济再生方法的未来途径。该综述是科学、工程和可持续发展的交叉，为开发下一代层流蛋白基材料以实现高效、绿色的废水净化提供了参考。

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引用次数: 0

Chitosan-based delivery systems for ocular therapeutics: Advances, challenges, and future perspectives 基于壳聚糖的眼部治疗递送系统：进展、挑战和未来展望

IF 5.1 3区工程技术 Q1 CHEMISTRY, APPLIED

Reactive & Functional Polymers

Pub Date : 2026-02-01 Epub Date: 2025-11-22 DOI: 10.1016/j.reactfunctpolym.2025.106575

Ritamay Sau , Garima , Ankur , Gurpreet Kaur , Sachin Kumar Singh , Meenakshi Dhanawat , Neeraj Mittal

Ocular drug distribution has consistently presented issues for ophthalmologists as well as specialists, due to distinct pharmacological and anatomical barriers. These barriers eliminate the accumulation of foreign substances inside the body and may inhibit the active absorption of therapeutic substances. Thus, the design of an appropriate delivery system must integrate features that tend to enhance the bioavailability of the drug and controlled medication release towards the target area, thereby overcoming numerous ocular barriers. In recent years, chitosan, a naturally occurring polymer, has been mucoadhesive, biologically compatible, and biodegradable, making it the subject of extensive investigation. It has special physicochemical qualities, including easy chemical modification, pH-sensitive solubility, and improved permeability capabilities. These characteristics render it an optimal material for nanoparticles, hydrogels, gels, in situ, and ocular drug delivery inserts development. This review examines the obstacles related to ocular drug delivery and recent progress for chitosan-based ocular systems formulation designed to enhance drug retention, corneal permeability, and prolonged drug release. Moreover, it highlights the main obstacles to clinical translation and provides prospects for their growth as efficient, patient-friendly platforms for the therapy of ocular diseases.

由于不同的药理学和解剖学障碍，眼部药物分布一直是眼科医生和专家面临的问题。这些屏障消除了体内外来物质的积累，并可能抑制治疗物质的主动吸收。因此，一种合适的给药系统的设计必须整合那些倾向于提高药物的生物利用度和控制药物向靶标区域释放的特征，从而克服许多视觉障碍。近年来，壳聚糖作为一种天然聚合物，因其具有良好的粘附性、生物相容性和可生物降解性，成为人们广泛研究的对象。它具有特殊的物理化学性质，包括易于化学改性，ph敏感的溶解度和提高的渗透性。这些特性使其成为纳米颗粒、水凝胶、凝胶、原位和眼部药物输送植入物开发的最佳材料。本文综述了以壳聚糖为基础的眼部药物传递的障碍和最新进展，旨在提高药物潴留，角膜渗透性和延长药物释放。此外，它强调了临床翻译的主要障碍，并提供了它们作为有效的、对患者友好的眼科疾病治疗平台的发展前景。

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引用次数: 0

Pyridinium@cellulose as a green antimicrobial material with tailored dielectric behavior for bioelectronic interfaces Pyridinium@cellulose作为一种绿色抗菌材料，具有为生物电子界面量身定制的介电行为

IF 5.1 3区工程技术 Q1 CHEMISTRY, APPLIED

Reactive & Functional Polymers

Pub Date : 2026-02-01 Epub Date: 2025-11-17 DOI: 10.1016/j.reactfunctpolym.2025.106566

Ahmed Salama , Sherief A. Al Kiey , Ahmed K. Saleh

Water-soluble cationic cellulose derivative bearing a pyridinium tosylate functional group was synthesized via a homogeneous reaction. Tosylcellulose was prepared by reacting cellulose with p-toluenesulfonyl chloride. Pyridinium@cellulose was obtained through a direct reaction between tosylcellulose and pyridine. The resulting cationic cellulose derivative was characterized using various analytical techniques, including elemental analysis, ¹³C NMR, FT-IR spectroscopy, and thermogravimetric analysis (TGA). The dielectric and electrical analyses over the frequency range of 100 Hz –1 MHz and temperatures between 303 and 363 K revealed temperature-dependent relaxation phenomena governed by interfacial polarization and thermally activated ionic hopping. The imaginary modulus (M″) and AC conductivity spectra confirmed non-Debye-type relaxation behavior and correlated barrier hopping conduction. The presence of pyridinium ionic groups significantly enhanced charge carrier mobility and polarization strength, resulting in an improved dielectric response. Pyridinium@cellulose exhibited broad-spectrum antimicrobial activity, and the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) testing confirmed the potent activity of pyridinium@cellulose, revealing lower MIC values for S. aureus, S. mutans, and C. albicans (0.0012 mg/mL), compared to higher thresholds for E. coli (0.005 mg/mL) and S. typhimurium (0.0025 mg/mL). The combined electric properties, antimicrobial activity and cytotoxicity establishes the multifunctional nature of pyridinium@cellulose.

采用均相反应合成了含有甲磺酸吡啶官能团的水溶性阳离子纤维素衍生物。通过纤维素与对甲苯磺酰氯反应制备了甲苯磺酰纤维素。Pyridinium@cellulose是由甲苯基纤维素和吡啶直接反应得到的。所得到的阳离子纤维素衍生物使用各种分析技术进行了表征，包括元素分析、13C NMR、FT-IR光谱和热重分析（TGA）。在100 Hz -1 MHz频率和303 - 363 K温度范围内的介电和电学分析揭示了由界面极化和热激活离子跳变控制的温度依赖性弛豫现象。虚模量（M″）和交流电导率谱证实了非debye型弛豫行为和相关的势垒跳变传导。吡啶离子基团的存在显著提高了载流子迁移率和极化强度，从而改善了介电响应。Pyridinium@cellulose具有广谱抗菌活性，最低抑菌浓度（MIC）测试证实pyridinium@cellulose具有强效活性，显示金黄色葡萄球菌、变形葡萄球菌和白色念珠菌的MIC值较低（0.0012 mg/mL），而大肠杆菌（0.005 mg/mL）和鼠伤寒沙门氏菌（0.0025 mg/mL）的MIC值较高。综合电学性质，抗菌活性和细胞毒性建立了pyridinium@cellulose的多功能性质。

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引用次数: 0

Triple shape memory and shrinkage-resistant Eucommia Ulmoides gum/polyethylene smart foam blends 三重形状记忆和抗收缩杜仲胶/聚乙烯智能泡沫混合物

IF 5.1 3区工程技术 Q1 CHEMISTRY, APPLIED

Reactive & Functional Polymers

Pub Date : 2026-02-01 Epub Date: 2025-11-14 DOI: 10.1016/j.reactfunctpolym.2025.106553

Zhongtian Li, Yuan Lyu, Wuchao Cheng, Jieting Geng, Lin Xia

Foamed rubber materials play a vital role in industrial applications, but their utility is significantly limited by thermal shrinkage at elevated temperatures. Addressing this critical challenge, our study pioneers a novel chemical foaming strategy to engineer Eucommia ulmoides gum (EUG) and polyethylene (PE) foamed blends with integrated shrinkage resistance and triple-shape memory properties. The present investigation demonstrates how polyethylene content influences foaming morphology, vulcanization kinetics, and functional properties of blends. Notably, the EUG/P₂₀ blend demonstrates 85 % shrinkage resistance at 60 °C, significantly outperforming conventional foamed rubbers in thermal stability. To our knowledge, this study represents the first systematic investigation into shrinkage-resistant EUG-based foams, establishing a novel paradigm for developing anti-shrinkage elastomers through polymer blending strategies. The designed EUG/PE foamed blends show promising potential for oilfield applications, particularly as downhole filtration materials where thermal stability and shape adaptability are critical performance metrics.

泡沫橡胶材料在工业应用中起着至关重要的作用，但其效用受到高温热收缩的显著限制。为了解决这一关键挑战，我们的研究开创了一种新的化学发泡策略，设计杜仲胶（EUG）和聚乙烯（PE）泡沫共混物，具有综合抗收缩和三形状记忆性能。本研究展示了聚乙烯含量如何影响共混物的发泡形态、硫化动力学和功能特性。值得注意的是，EUG/P20共混物在60°C时具有85%的抗缩性，在热稳定性方面明显优于传统发泡橡胶。据我们所知，这项研究代表了对抗收缩eug基泡沫材料的首次系统研究，为通过聚合物共混策略开发抗收缩弹性体建立了一个新的范例。设计的EUG/PE泡沫共混物在油田应用中具有很大的潜力，特别是作为井下过滤材料，热稳定性和形状适应性是关键的性能指标。

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引用次数: 0

Balancing flame retardancy, mechanical properties, and transparency in epoxy resins with a phosphorus/sulfur-containing oligomer synthesized via thiol-ene click chemistry 通过巯基化学合成含磷/含硫低聚物，平衡环氧树脂的阻燃性、机械性能和透明度

IF 5.1 3区工程技术 Q1 CHEMISTRY, APPLIED

Reactive & Functional Polymers

Pub Date : 2026-02-01 Epub Date: 2025-12-06 DOI: 10.1016/j.reactfunctpolym.2025.106599

Fei Zhu , Xianwen Yan , Bohao Lv , Sai Zhang , Mengyan Zeng , Wenqiang Qiao

The development of high-performance epoxy resins (EPs) is crucial for advanced applications, but is often challenged by a need to balance flame retardancy, mechanical strength, and transparency. This study addresses this challenge by developing a novel oligomeric flame retardant (PB-TBPO), which was synthesized through a thiol-ene click chemistry between polybutadiene (PB) and 9,10-dihydro-9-oxa-10-phosphaphenanthrene-10-oxide (DOPO). The well-designed PB-TBPO exhibited remarkable flame-retardant efficiency, leveraging the synergistic effect of phosphorus and sulfur elements. Impressively, with a minimal loading of only 3 phr, the EP composite attained the highest vertical burning (UL-94) rating of V-0 and a limiting oxygen index (LOI) of 27.7 %. Cone calorimeter tests (CCT) further demonstrated significant reductions in peak heat release rate (PHRR, 32.1 %) and fire growth rate (FIGRA, 52.4 %) compared to neat EP. The mechanical properties were substantially enhanced; the composite with 5 phr PB-TBPO showed dramatic increases in flexural strength, flexural modulus, impact strength, tensile strength, elongation at break, and Young's modulus by 203 %, 51.4 %, 632 %, 192 %, 343 %, and 48.7 %, respectively. Moreover, dynamic mechanical analysis (DMA) and ultraviolet-visible (UV–vis) spectroscopy confirmed that the composites maintained a high glass transition temperature (T_g, 182 °C) and outstanding transparency (87.4 % transmittance at 780 nm). Consequently, this work presents a viable strategy for designing multifunctional oligomeric flame retardants to produce advanced EP composites with exceptional flame retardancy, mechanical robustness, and optical transparency for broad applications.

高性能环氧树脂（EPs）的开发对于先进应用至关重要，但经常受到需要平衡阻燃性，机械强度和透明度的挑战。本研究通过聚丁二烯（PB）和9,10-二氢-9-氧-10-磷菲-10-氧化物（DOPO）之间的巯基键合反应合成了一种新型低聚阻燃剂（PB- tbpo）。经过精心设计的PB-TBPO利用磷和硫元素的协同作用，表现出显著的阻燃效果。令人印象深刻的是，在最小负荷仅为3 phr的情况下，EP复合材料达到了最高的垂直燃烧（UL-94）等级V-0和极限氧指数（LOI） 27.7%。锥形量热计测试（CCT）进一步表明，与纯EP相比，峰值热释放率（PHRR, 32.1%）和火焰生长率（FIGRA, 52.4%）显著降低。力学性能显著提高；添加5phr PB-TBPO的复合材料的抗弯强度、抗弯模量、冲击强度、抗拉强度、断裂伸长率和杨氏模量分别提高了203%、51.4%、632%、192%、343%和48.7%。此外，动态力学分析（DMA）和紫外可见光谱（UV-vis）证实，复合材料保持了较高的玻璃化转变温度（Tg, 182°C）和出色的透明度（在780 nm处透过率为87.4%）。因此，这项工作为设计多功能低聚阻燃剂提供了一种可行的策略，以生产具有卓越阻燃性，机械稳健性和光学透明度的先进EP复合材料。

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引用次数: 0

Building a potentially active NiFe2O4 embedded lignin framework for adsorption coupled photocatalytic degradation and fluorescence detection of doxorubicin and safranin-O 构建具有潜在活性的NiFe2O4包埋木质素框架用于吸附耦合光催化降解和荧光检测阿霉素和红花素o

IF 5.1 3区工程技术 Q1 CHEMISTRY, APPLIED

Reactive & Functional Polymers

Pub Date : 2026-02-01 Epub Date: 2025-11-30 DOI: 10.1016/j.reactfunctpolym.2025.106589

Nidhi , Deepika Sharma , Minakshi , Simranjit Kaur , Sandeep Bansal , Paramdeep Kaur , Sonal Singhal

Population expansion and industrial expansion have intensified water consumption, which consequently contributes to water contamination. To tackle this challenge, binary sustainable materials, namely lignin‑nickel ferrite (LNF) composites, were fabricated via a simple hydrothermal route and innovatively explored for their dual role in photodegradation and fluorescence sensing applications. Integrating lignin with photocatalytic ferrite particles not only improves the catalytic efficiency of nickel ferrite, but also extends its applicability towards fluorescence-based pollutant detection. Detailed characterizations, including XRD, FT-IR, FE-SEM, HR-TEM, XPS, BET, VSM, UV-DRS analyses, were carried out to investigate the structural, morphological and optical properties of the devised composites. Compared with pristine nickel ferrite, LNF composites revealed markedly improved catalytic removal efficiency, attributable to synergistic adsorption ensued from the lignin counterpart. Among them, the LNF2 composite, with the highest lignin loading, displayed best efficacy, achieving removal of 94 % (180 min) for doxorubicin (DOX) and 98 % (90 min) for safranin-O (SO). Moreover, LNF2 was successfully deployed as fluorescent sensor, enabling sensitive detection of DOX and SO in aqueous samples with detection limits of 1.422 μM and 1.273 μM, respectively. Real sample analysis further substantiated the feasibility of LNF composites for diverse environmental samples. Overall, the present study elicits fresh insights into the formulation of efficient and sustainable bifunctional materials for simultaneous removal and detection of pollutants.

人口扩张和工业扩张加剧了水的消耗，从而导致水污染。为了解决这一挑战，通过简单的水热方法制备了二元可持续材料，即木质素-镍铁氧体（LNF）复合材料，并创新地探索了其在光降解和荧光传感应用中的双重作用。将木质素与光催化铁氧体颗粒结合，不仅提高了镍铁氧体的催化效率，而且扩大了其在基于荧光的污染物检测中的适用性。采用XRD、FT-IR、FE-SEM、HR-TEM、XPS、BET、VSM、UV-DRS等方法对复合材料的结构、形貌和光学性能进行了表征。与原始铁氧体镍相比，LNF复合材料的催化去除效率明显提高，这是由于木质素对其的协同吸附。其中，木质素负荷最高的LNF2复合材料效果最佳，对阿霉素（DOX）的去除率为94% (180 min)，对红花素- o （SO）的去除率为98% （90 min）。此外，LNF2作为荧光传感器成功部署，在水溶液中实现了DOX和SO的灵敏检测，检测限分别为1.422 μM和1.273 μM。实际样品分析进一步证实了LNF复合材料在不同环境样品中的可行性。总的来说，本研究为同时去除和检测污染物的高效和可持续双功能材料的配方提供了新的见解。

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引用次数: 0

Multifunctional NiFe₂O₄/chitosan–PEO nanocomposites for energy-storage and magneto-optical applications 多功能NiFe₂O₄/壳聚糖- peo纳米复合材料储能和磁光应用

IF 5.1 3区工程技术 Q1 CHEMISTRY, APPLIED

Reactive & Functional Polymers

Pub Date : 2026-02-01 Epub Date: 2025-11-17 DOI: 10.1016/j.reactfunctpolym.2025.106565

Ali A. Alhazime

This work presents the synthesis and characterization of chitosan/poly(ethylene oxide)/nickel ferrite (Cs/PEO/NiFe₂O₄) nanocomposite films tailored for energy-storage and magneto-optical applications. Nanocomposites were prepared via solution casting and characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, Ultraviolet–Visible (UV–Vis) spectroscopy, impedance spectroscopy, and magnetometry. XRD scans confirmed single-phase spinel NiFe₂O₄ structure and a reduction in the semicrystallinity of Cs/PEO blend, while FTIR evidenced strong nanoparticle–polymer interactions. UV–Vis spectra reveal a red-shift and narrowed optical bandgap, indicating charge-transfer complex formation. Dielectric/impedance analyses show higher permittivity, enhanced ionic mobility, and decreased bulk resistance, following Jonscher's universal power law and the jump-relaxation model, evidencing interfacial polarization at polymer–nanoparticle boundaries. Magnetic study exhibits tunable ferri/superparamagnetic behavior, with optimal performance at 2.0 wt% NiFe₂O₄.

By integrating spinel NiFe₂O₄ into Cs/PEO, we concurrently tailor crystallinity, interfacial polarization, and charge-transport pathways, transforming Cs/PEO into a multifunctional nanocomposite with improved structural, optical, electrical, and magnetic characteristics suitable for next-generation optoelectronic, magnetic-sensing, and energy-storage devices.

本文介绍了用于储能和磁光应用的壳聚糖/聚环氧乙烷/镍铁氧体（Cs/PEO/NiFe₂O₄）纳米复合薄膜的合成和表征。采用溶液浇铸法制备了纳米复合材料，并用x射线衍射（XRD）、傅里叶变换红外（FTIR）光谱、紫外可见（UV-Vis）光谱、阻抗谱和磁强计对其进行了表征。XRD扫描证实了Cs/PEO共混物的单相尖晶石NiFe₂O₄结构和半结晶度的降低，而FTIR则证实了强的纳米颗粒-聚合物相互作用。紫外可见光谱显示出红移和狭窄的光学带隙，表明电荷转移复合物的形成。介质/阻抗分析显示，根据Jonscher的通用幂定律和跳变弛豫模型，聚合物-纳米颗粒边界的介电常数更高，离子迁移率增强，体电阻降低，证明了聚合物-纳米颗粒边界的界面极化。磁性研究显示出可调谐的铁/超顺磁性行为，在2.0 wt% NiFe₂O₄中具有最佳性能。通过将尖晶石NiFe₂O₄整合到Cs/PEO中，我们可以同时定制结晶度，界面极化和电荷传输途径，将Cs/PEO转化为具有改进结构，光学，电学和磁性的多功能纳米复合材料，适用于下一代光电，磁传感和储能器件。

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引用次数: 0

Highly strong, tough and conductive hydrogels via the synergy of biomineralization, salting-out effect and nano-reinforcement with enhanced human motion sensing properties 高强度，坚韧和导电的水凝胶，通过生物矿化，盐析效应和纳米增强的协同作用，增强人体运动感应性能

IF 5.1 3区工程技术 Q1 CHEMISTRY, APPLIED

Reactive & Functional Polymers

Pub Date : 2026-02-01 Epub Date: 2025-11-28 DOI: 10.1016/j.reactfunctpolym.2025.106578

Jinghan Shi , Zihua Gao , Dezhan Ye , Xing Qian , Yanhu Zhan , Xiancai Jiang

Conductive hydrogels have shown considerable potential for various applications in advanced flexible electronic systems and wearable devices. However, obtaining hydrogels that simultaneously possess robust mechanical characteristics and high conductivity remains challenging because of their structural weaknesses and functional constraints. To address this problem, we purposed a facile preparation method for PVA/CaCl₂/Graphite/Na₃Cit/Na₂CO₃ composite hydrogel leveraging the synergistic effect of biomineralization, salting-out effect and nano-reinforcement strategy. The fabrication process involved first preparation of a homogeneous mixture solution of PVA, glycerol, graphite, and CaCl₂ in deionized water. Then Na₂CO₃ solution was slowly added under stirring. The obtained composite solution was cast into molds and subjected to freeze-thaw cycles. Final treatment through immersion in Na₃Cit solution yielded the optimized PCGSN hydrogel. The fabricated PCGSN hydrogel demonstrated outstanding mechanical properties including tensile strength of 4.1 MPa, Young's modulus of 1.2 MPa, and toughness reaching 13.30 MJ m⁻³, respectively. Moreover, the integration of graphite and salt ions enhanced the hydrogel's conductivity as high as 1.56 S/m. Through the combined influence of salting-out effect and glycerol incorporation, the hydrogen bond density within the hydrogel was significantly improved, leading to remarkable self-healing performance (with a healing efficiency exceeding 85 %). When implemented as strain sensors, PCGSN-based devices showed outstanding responsiveness (GF = 1.27) across a broad detection range (1–300 % strain), enabling precise tracking of both gross motor activities (joint movements) and fine physiological signals (facial expressions). This work provides a new insight into the preparation of strong and tough hydrogel based on biomineralization, salting-out effect and nano-reinforcement strategy.

导电水凝胶在先进的柔性电子系统和可穿戴设备的各种应用中显示出相当大的潜力。然而，由于其结构弱点和功能限制，获得同时具有强大机械特性和高导电性的水凝胶仍然具有挑战性。为了解决这一问题，我们利用生物矿化、盐析效应和纳米增强策略的协同作用，设计了一种简便的PVA/CaCl2/石墨/Na3Cit/Na2CO3复合水凝胶制备方法。制造过程包括首先在去离子水中制备PVA、甘油、石墨和CaCl2的均匀混合溶液。然后在搅拌下缓慢加入Na2CO3溶液。将得到的复合溶液浇铸到模具中，进行冻融循环。最后在Na3Cit溶液中浸泡，得到优化后的PCGSN水凝胶。制备的PCGSN水凝胶具有优异的力学性能，抗拉强度为4.1 MPa，杨氏模量为1.2 MPa，韧性达到13.30 MJ m−3。此外，石墨和盐离子的结合使水凝胶的电导率达到1.56 S/m。在盐析作用和甘油掺入的共同作用下，水凝胶内部氢键密度显著提高，自愈性能显著（自愈率超过85%）。当作为应变传感器实施时，基于pcgsn的设备在宽检测范围（1 - 300%应变）内表现出出色的响应性（GF = 1.27），能够精确跟踪大运动活动（关节运动）和精细生理信号（面部表情）。本研究为基于生物矿化、盐析效应和纳米增强策略制备强韧性水凝胶提供了新的思路。

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引用次数: 0

Efficient fluoride removal by strong-base anion exchanger loaded with yttrium phosphate nanoparticles 负载磷酸钇纳米颗粒的强碱阴离子交换剂高效除氟

IF 5.1 3区工程技术 Q1 CHEMISTRY, APPLIED

Reactive & Functional Polymers

Pub Date : 2026-02-01 Epub Date: 2025-11-14 DOI: 10.1016/j.reactfunctpolym.2025.106557

Ruijie Wang, Yingpeng Gu, Mengfei Ma, Yue Sun

Currently, various techniques are efficient in eliminating high quantities of fluoride from water, while the deep treatment of low concentration of fluoridated water is inadequate. In this research, a novel adsorbent, YP-D213, was synthesized by loading yttrium phosphate nanoparticles into a macroporous polyacrylic acid-based strongly basic anion exchange resin D213, to improve the removal of fluoride from low-concentration fluoridated water. YP-D213 exhibited prominent adsorption capacity in neutral water and demonstrated excellent selectivity in the presence of coexisting anions and organics. YP-D213 can reach adsorption equilibrium within 220 min, and the pseudo-first model was more suitable for its adsorption kinetics, while the maximum adsorption capacity obtained by Langmuir well-fitting was 49.88 mg/g. The ligand exchange effect between yttrium phosphate particles and fluoride was further confirmed by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, and adsorption mechanism tests suggested that a synergistic effect existed between -N⁺(CH₃)₃ on D213 and yttrium phosphate particles. Fixed-bed column experiments suggested that the treatment volume of YP-D213 was nine times higher than that of D213 for actual wastewater (around 7.0 mg F⁻/L), and the exhausted adsorbent was effectively regenerated using the NaOH-NaCl eluate. YP-D213 has great potential for deep fluoride adsorption.

目前，各种技术都能有效地去除水中大量的氟化物，而对低浓度的氟化水进行深度处理是不够的。本研究通过在大孔聚丙烯酸基强碱性阴离子交换树脂D213中负载磷酸钇纳米颗粒，合成了一种新型吸附剂YP-D213，以提高对低浓度氟化水中氟的去除效果。YP-D213在中性水中表现出优异的吸附能力，在阴离子和有机物共存的情况下表现出优异的选择性。YP-D213在220 min内达到吸附平衡，拟第一吸附模型更适合其吸附动力学，Langmuir拟合得到的最大吸附量为49.88 mg/g。傅里叶变换红外光谱和x射线光电子能谱进一步证实了磷酸钇颗粒与氟化物之间的配体交换作用，吸附机理测试表明-N+(CH3)3对D213与磷酸钇颗粒之间存在协同作用。固定床柱实验表明，YP-D213对实际废水的处理量（约7.0 mg F−/L）是D213的9倍，并且用NaOH-NaCl洗脱液可以有效地再生废吸附剂。YP-D213具有很大的深度氟吸附潜力。

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引用次数: 0

Development of photocurable hybrid polyurethane/acrylic resins with controlled molar mass for DLP 3D printing of scaffolds 可控制摩尔质量的光固化聚氨酯/丙烯酸复合树脂用于DLP 3D打印支架的研制

IF 5.1 3区工程技术 Q1 CHEMISTRY, APPLIED

Reactive & Functional Polymers

Pub Date : 2026-02-01 Epub Date: 2025-11-19 DOI: 10.1016/j.reactfunctpolym.2025.106570

Álvaro A. Cardona , Víctor H. Orozco , Andrés F. Vargas , Luis F. Giraldo

Vat photopolymerization, which includes stereolithography (SLA) and digital light processing (DLP), is a high-resolution additive manufacturing technique capable of fabricating scaffolds with complex geometries for biomedical applications. Such scaffolds must provide appropriate chemical, mechanical, and structural properties to support cell adhesion, proliferation, differentiation, and the transport of nutrients and metabolites. SLA and DLP require suitable polymeric materials that undergo UV photopolymerization. However, the limited availability of low-molecular-weight photocurable resins, together with the high rigidity, hydrophobicity, and poor biocompatibility of many commercial options, as well as difficulties in removing residual monomers, highlight the need for new resins with improved biocompatibility and enhanced cellular adhesion. In this study, given the established biocompatibility of polyurethanes, we synthesized hybrid poly(urethane/acrylate) resins. The results show that structural modifications to the prepolymer polyester polyols, poly(butylene adipate) (PBA) and poly(butylene adipate-co-maleate) (PBAM), synthesized with molecular weight control via kinetic evaluation, modulate the mechanical properties. Formulations based on PBAM yielded 3D printed parts with reduced stiffness and greater flexibility and elongation compared with commercial resins. Additionally, PBA based formulations exhibited lower apparent cytotoxicity in HaCaT human keratinocyte cell-viability assays. To further promote cell adhesion and response, beyond the contribution of carbamate polar groups, we selected polyester polyols rather than polyether polyols, as the soft segment. Additionally, the hybrid structures were end-capped with hydroxyethyl methacrylate (HEMA). Finally, DLP printing of formulations comprising the hybrid resins blended with commercial resins, using phenylbis(2,4,6-trimethylbenzoyl)phosphine oxide (BAPO) as the photoinitiator, produced UV photocurable materials that yielded scaffolds supporting cell adhesion with moderate cytotoxicity.

还原光聚合，包括立体光刻（SLA）和数字光处理（DLP），是一种高分辨率的增材制造技术，能够制造具有复杂几何形状的生物医学应用支架。这种支架必须提供适当的化学、机械和结构特性，以支持细胞粘附、增殖、分化以及营养物质和代谢物的运输。SLA和DLP需要合适的聚合物材料进行紫外光聚合。然而，低分子量光固化树脂的有限可用性，加上许多商业选择的高刚性、疏水性和差的生物相容性，以及去除残留单体的困难，突出了对具有改善生物相容性和增强细胞粘附性的新树脂的需求。在本研究中，考虑到聚氨酯的生物相容性，我们合成了混合聚氨酯/丙烯酸酯树脂。结果表明，通过动力学评价控制分子量的方法合成的聚己二酸丁二烯（PBA）和聚己二酸丁二烯-共聚马来酸丁二烯（PBAM）对预聚聚酯多元醇进行结构改性，可以调节其力学性能。与商用树脂相比，基于PBAM的配方产生的3D打印部件刚度降低，柔韧性和伸长率更高。此外，基于PBA的配方在HaCaT人类角质细胞活力测定中表现出较低的明显细胞毒性。为了进一步促进细胞的粘附和反应，除了氨基甲酸酯极性基团的贡献外，我们选择聚酯多元醇而不是聚醚多元醇作为软段。此外，杂化结构被甲基丙烯酸羟乙酯（HEMA）端封。最后，使用苯基双（2,4,6-三甲基苯甲酰）氧化膦（BAPO）作为光引发剂，将混合树脂与商业树脂混合的配方进行DLP打印，生产出具有中等细胞毒性的支持细胞粘附的UV光固化材料。

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引用次数: 0