Reactive & Functional Polymers最新文献_第5页

Continuous preparation and performance investigation of RDX-based composite microspheres via a coaxial flow-focusing microdroplet method 同轴聚焦微滴法制备rdx基复合微球及其性能研究

IF 5.1 3区工程技术 Q1 CHEMISTRY, APPLIED

Reactive & Functional Polymers

Pub Date : 2026-03-01 Epub Date: 2025-12-11 DOI: 10.1016/j.reactfunctpolym.2025.106602

Xiangru Li , Ximing Zhang , Wenyu Wu , Penglin Kang , Yuan Lai , Leixin Hou , Xiaodong Li , Wenjie Liu , Xiaojuan Fu

High-energy insensitive composite explosives have become a key research direction in energetic materials due to their balanced energy output and safety. However, composite particles prepared by traditional methods often have limitations such as low sphericity and poor uniformity. In this paper, the coaxial flow-focusing microdroplet method was used to prepare RDX/F, RDX/F/E, and RDX/E composite particles, with RDX/F/E-P prepared by physical kneading method used as the process control samples to demonstrate the superiority of the process and investigate the effect of the binder formulation on the properties of the samples. Results showed that RDX/F/E has the best sphericity and particle size uniformity, indicating that adjusting the binder system can significantly improve the morphology and particle size distribution of the particles. In addition, the chemical and crystal structures of all samples remained unchanged. Thermal analysis and mechanical sensitivity tests revealed that compared to raw RDX, the apparent activation energy of RDX/F/E increased by 24.75 kJ∙mol⁻¹, and the impact energy threshold and critical friction force were enhanced by 42.5 J and 120 N, respectively, demonstrating excellent thermal and mechanical safety. In ignition tests, the RDX/F/E microspheres produced the clearest and brightest flames, with a significantly shorter burning duration than raw RDX and all other samples, demonstrating that the F2604 and EVA binder system ensures stable combustion while promoting concentrated energy release. This study demonstrates the superiority of the coaxial flow-focusing microdroplet technique, and the proposed F2604-EVA composite binder system provides practical guidance for formulation optimization and performance regulation.

高能不灵敏复合炸药因其能量输出平衡、安全性好而成为含能材料研究的一个重点方向。然而，传统方法制备的复合颗粒往往存在球形度低、均匀性差等局限性。本文采用同轴流动聚焦微滴法制备RDX/F、RDX/F/E和RDX/E复合颗粒，并以物理揉捏法制备的RDX/F/E- p作为工艺控制样品，论证了该工艺的优越性，考察了粘结剂配方对样品性能的影响。结果表明，RDX/F/E具有最佳的球形度和粒度均匀性，说明调整粘结剂体系可以显著改善颗粒的形貌和粒度分布。此外，所有样品的化学和晶体结构保持不变。热分析和机械灵敏度测试结果表明，与RDX原料相比，RDX/F/E的表观活化能提高了24.75 kJ∙mol−1，冲击能阈值和临界摩擦力分别提高了42.5 J和120 N，具有良好的热安全性和机械安全性。在点火测试中，RDX/F/E微球产生了最清晰、最明亮的火焰，燃烧持续时间明显短于原始RDX和所有其他样品，这表明F2604和EVA粘合剂系统在促进集中能量释放的同时确保了稳定的燃烧。本研究证明了同轴聚焦微滴技术的优越性，所提出的F2604-EVA复合粘结剂体系为配方优化和性能调控提供了实用指导。

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引用次数: 0

Poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene /hydroxypropyl-β-cyclodextrin) polyrotaxane: Synthesis and photophysical characteristics 聚（3,4-乙烯二氧噻吩/羟丙基-β-环糊精）聚轮烷的合成及其光物理特性

IF 5.1 3区工程技术 Q1 CHEMISTRY, APPLIED

Reactive & Functional Polymers

Pub Date : 2026-03-01 Epub Date: 2025-12-18 DOI: 10.1016/j.reactfunctpolym.2025.106603

Ana-Maria Resmerita, Mihaela Silion, Mihaela Balan-Porcarasu, Andrei Victor Oancea, Aurica Farcas

We report here the ability of 3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene (EDOT) to form an inclusion complex (IC) with hydroxypropyl-β-cyclodextrin (HPβCD), and the synthesis of poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene/HPβCD) (PEDOT/HPβCD) polypseudorotaxane by oxidative polymerization of the EDOT-HPβCD IC in water using as a catalyst FeCl₃, followed by end-capping of PEDOT ends with bulky pyrene (Py). The IC was in-depth characterized by molecular docking computations and spectroscopic analyses, including FT-IR, HH-ROESY, ¹H NMR, and UV–Vis titration in water. The computational chemistry confirmed that EDOT can form IC with HPβCD through hydrophobic interactions, and the HH-ROESY NMR spectra indicated that the EDOT monomer is located inside the cavity of HPβCD. Additionally, Job's plot confirmed the 1:1 EDOT-HPβCD IC formation, with a stability constant of about 539 M⁻¹. The physico-chemical, thermal stability, and prelucrability of PEDOT/HPβCD polyrotaxane in thin films were investigated and compared to the reference PEDOT. The UV–Vis absorption, fluorescence, and lifetimes in acetonitrile (ACN), together with electrochemical properties were evaluated. The dynamic light scattering (DLS) was also employed to study the water dispersion of the material. The measured hydrodynamic diameter (HD) and zeta potential (ZP-ζ) indicated that PEDOT/HPβCD can form a stable water dispersion with an HD of about 300 nm and ZP-ζ = 22.81 mV, respectively. The cyclic voltammetry curve of PEDOT/HPβCD shows an electroactive response.

本文报道了3,4-乙烯二氧噻吩（EDOT）与羟丙基-β-环糊精（HPβCD）形成包合物（IC）的能力，以及以FeCl3为催化剂，将EDOT-HPβCD IC在水中氧化聚合合成聚3,4-乙烯二氧噻吩/HPβCD （PEDOT/HPβCD）聚聚磺酰亚砜，然后用大体积芘（Py）对PEDOT末端进行端盖。通过分子对接计算和光谱分析，包括FT-IR、HH-ROESY、1H NMR和水中UV-Vis滴定，对IC进行了深入表征。计算化学证实了EDOT可以与HPβCD通过疏水相互作用形成IC， HH-ROESY NMR谱表明EDOT单体位于HPβCD的腔内。此外，Job的图证实了1:1 EDOT-HPβCD IC的形成，其稳定常数约为539 M−1。考察了PEDOT/ hpβ - cd聚轮烷在薄膜中的物理化学稳定性、热稳定性和预溶性，并与参考PEDOT进行了比较。对其在乙腈（ACN）中的紫外可见吸收、荧光、寿命以及电化学性能进行了评价。动态光散射（DLS）也被用于研究材料的水分散。测定的水动力直径（HD）和ζ电位（ZP-ζ）表明，PEDOT/HPβCD能形成稳定的水分散体，HD约为300 nm， ZP-ζ = 22.81 mV。PEDOT/HPβCD的循环伏安曲线显示出电活性响应。

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引用次数: 0

Development of chemically modified guar gum adhesives for enhanced wood bonding performance 化学改性瓜尔胶增强木材粘接性能胶粘剂的研制

IF 5.1 3区工程技术 Q1 CHEMISTRY, APPLIED

Reactive & Functional Polymers

Pub Date : 2026-03-01 Epub Date: 2025-12-16 DOI: 10.1016/j.reactfunctpolym.2025.106615

Longfa Lan , Jiayan Zhou , Hongqing Cheng , Jing Liu , Dongying Hu

The development of eco-friendly wood adhesives from biomass polymers is challenging due to their poor water resistance and low wet bonding strength. To overcome these limitations, a modified guar gum (MGG) adhesive was developed via a combined approach of acrylate grafting, epoxy ring-opening, and silane coupling. This chemical modification established a stable cross-linked network, significantly enhancing cohesive and interfacial adhesion. The viscosity of MGG was reduced to about 900 mPa·s, greatly improving coatability compared to raw GG (6000 mPa·s at 1 % concentration). The optimized adhesive showed a dry bonding strength of 1.67 MPa and a wet bonding strength of 0.84 MPa, outperforming many previously reported biomass-based adhesives. Improved thermal stability and moisture resistance were also confirmed, attributed to introduced aldehyde and ether groups that promote dense crosslinking. This work not only demonstrates a viable pathway to overcome the intrinsic weaknesses of GG, but also highlights MGG as a sustainable and high-performance alternative to conventional formaldehyde-based wood adhesives, providing both practical applicability and scientific significance.

从生物质聚合物中开发环保木材粘合剂具有挑战性，因为它们的耐水性差，湿粘合强度低。为了克服这些限制，通过丙烯酸酯接枝、环氧树脂开环和硅烷偶联的组合方法开发了一种改性瓜尔胶（MGG）粘合剂。这种化学修饰建立了稳定的交联网络，显著增强了内聚性和界面附着力。MGG的黏度降至900 mPa·s左右，与原GG（浓度为1%时为6000 mPa·s）相比，涂层性大大提高。该胶粘剂的干粘接强度为1.67 MPa，湿粘接强度为0.84 MPa，优于之前报道的许多生物质基胶粘剂。由于引入了促进密集交联的醛和醚基团，热稳定性和耐湿气性也得到了改善。这项工作不仅展示了克服GG固有弱点的可行途径，而且突出了MGG作为传统甲醛基木材胶粘剂的可持续和高性能替代品，具有实际适用性和科学意义。

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引用次数: 0

Synergistic enhancement of thermal mechanical stability in polypropylene separators via carbazole functionalization and UV crosslinking 通过咔唑功能化和UV交联协同增强聚丙烯分离器的热机械稳定性

IF 5.1 3区工程技术 Q1 CHEMISTRY, APPLIED

Reactive & Functional Polymers

Pub Date : 2026-03-01 Epub Date: 2025-12-26 DOI: 10.1016/j.reactfunctpolym.2025.106627

Yixuan Qian , Licheng Wang , Ming Xie , Hao Li , Jinghao Yang , Mingyuan Li , Zhengguo Cai , Long Chen , Junfen Sun

To address the poor thermomechanical stability and strong hydrophobicity of commercial polypropylene (PP) separators in lithium-ion batteries (LIBs), this study prepared functionalized PP-based separators via melt blending and UV-induced crosslinking. Carbazole-functionalized PP (PPCZ) was incorporated into the PP matrix, and a thermally stable 3D covalent network was constructed through in-situ self-crosslinking of carbazole groups under 365 nm UV irradiation. The synthesis of carbazole monomer UDK was optimized using KOH as a deprotonating agent instead of K₂CO₃, increasing monomer yield to 92 % with a reaction rate improvement of 30 % and simplifying purification. Metallocene-catalyzed copolymerization of UDK and propylene yielded PPCZ with 1.5 mol% carbazole insertion and a number-average molecular weight of approximately 90,000, and the product showed excellent PP matrix compatibility without phase separation. Key tests demonstrated that the 10 wt% PPCZ separator delivered superior comprehensive performance. Its thermal shrinkage at 105 °C measured 12 %, in sharp contrast to 28 % for the pristine PP separator and 18 % for the commercial Al₂O₃-coated PP separator. The temperature corresponding to 5 % weight loss (T₅) hit 342.2 °C, representing a 3.7 °C increase over pristine PP. Meanwhile, electrolyte wettability was significantly enhanced, with the contact angle reduced to 75° as opposed to 98° for pure PP. Despite slight decreases in porosity from 39.5 % to 36.8 %, electrolyte absorption from 120 % to 115 %, crystallinity from 51.1 % to 43.8 %, and ionic conductivity from 0.19 to 0.14 mS·cm⁻¹, the separator achieved an optimal balance of thermomechanical stability, wettability, and mechanical properties with a tensile strength of 110 MPa, puncture strength of 850 gf and elongation at break of 128 %, thus avoiding embrittlement. The strategy is compatible with existing dry-process lines, avoids ceramic coating issues such as high cost and delamination, and shows great potential for high-safety LIBs.

针对锂离子电池中商用聚丙烯（PP）隔膜热稳定性差、疏水性强的问题，本研究通过熔融共混和uv诱导交联制备了功能化PP基隔膜。将咔唑功能化PP （PPCZ）加入到PP基体中，在365 nm紫外光照射下，通过咔唑基团的原位自交联，构建了热稳定的三维共价网络。以KOH代替K2CO3作为脱质子剂，优化了咔唑单体UDK的合成，单体收率提高到92%，反应速率提高30%，简化了纯化过程。在茂金属催化下，UDK与丙烯共聚得到了含有1.5 mol%咔唑的PPCZ，其数平均分子量约为90000，产品具有良好的PP基质相容性，无需相分离。关键试验表明，10 wt% PPCZ分离器具有优越的综合性能。它在105°C时的热收缩率为12%，与原始PP分离器的28%和商业Al₂O₃涂膜PP分离器的18%形成鲜明对比。与此同时，电解质的润湿性显著增强，接触角从纯PP的98°降至75°。尽管孔隙率从39.5%降至36.8%，电解质吸收率从120%降至115%，结晶度从51.1%降至43.8%，离子电导率从0.19降至0.14 mS·cm−1。该分离器在热机械稳定性、润湿性和机械性能方面达到了最佳平衡，抗拉强度为110 MPa，穿刺强度为850 gf，断裂伸长率为128%，从而避免了脆化。该策略与现有的干法生产线兼容，避免了陶瓷涂层高成本和分层等问题，并显示出高安全性lib的巨大潜力。

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引用次数: 0

A dissolution-regeneration strategy for conductive cellulose nanofiber/PVA hydrogel toward flexible sensor and triboelectric Nanogenerator 导电纤维素纳米纤维/聚乙烯醇水凝胶用于柔性传感器和摩擦电纳米发电机的溶解-再生策略

IF 5.1 3区工程技术 Q1 CHEMISTRY, APPLIED

Reactive & Functional Polymers

Pub Date : 2026-03-01 Epub Date: 2025-12-26 DOI: 10.1016/j.reactfunctpolym.2025.106624

Changtong Sha , Zijian Wu , Yue Zhao , Zhaojun Wang , Yue Zhang , Mingpeng He , Ning Guo , Ling Weng , Guoxing Yang , Juanna Ren , Gourisankar Roymahapatra , Junguo Gao

This study presents a composite solution-based strategy for cellulose dissolution-regeneration, enabling the fabrication of a dual-crosslinked hydrogel through freeze-thaw cycling that integrates both physical and chemical networks. The resulting hydrogel serves as a flexible sensor and triboelectric nanogenerator (TENG). Carboxylated cellulose nanofibers (CNF-C) were dissolved in a mixed AlCl₃/ZnCl₂ solution and incorporated into a borax-crosslinked PVA matrix, yielding a conductive porous PVA-AlCl₃/ZnCl₂/CNF-C/Borax hydrogel. Combined with treatment using an anhydrous ethanol/water mixture, the carboxylated cellulose nanofibers were regenerated, forming a PVA-AlCl₃/ZnCl₂/CNF-B-E/W hydrogel. After treatment with anhydrous ethanol/water, the maximum stress of the hydrogel increased from 1.7 MPa to 1.9 MPa, and the maximum strain increased from 450 % to 455 %, with a high electrical conductivity (4.6 S/m). The hydrogel exhibited outstanding triboelectric performance and strain sensing capabilities (GF = 6.15, response time = 381 ms), demonstrating its applicability as a flexible strain sensor for motion detection and information transmission. Furthermore, the P-TENG based on this hydrogel enabled stable handwriting recognition. With its excellent electromechanical properties and operational stability, this material represents an ideal platform for intelligent sensing and self-powered energy systems, holding significant research and application value in flexible electronics.

本研究提出了一种基于复合溶液的纤维素溶解再生策略，通过结合物理和化学网络的冻融循环制造双交联水凝胶。由此产生的水凝胶可作为柔性传感器和摩擦电纳米发电机（TENG）。将羧化纤维素纳米纤维（CNF-C）溶解在AlCl3/ZnCl2混合溶液中，并将其掺入硼砂交联的PVA基质中，得到导电多孔PVA-AlCl3/ZnCl2/CNF-C/硼砂水凝胶。结合无水乙醇/水混合物处理，羧化纤维素纳米纤维再生，形成PVA-AlCl3/ZnCl2/CNF-B-E/W水凝胶。经无水乙醇/水处理后，水凝胶的最大应力由1.7 MPa提高到1.9 MPa，最大应变由450%提高到455%，电导率达到4.6 S/m。该水凝胶具有优异的摩擦电性能和应变传感能力（GF = 6.15，响应时间= 381 ms），可作为柔性应变传感器用于运动检测和信息传输。此外，基于该水凝胶的P-TENG实现了稳定的手写识别。该材料具有优异的机电性能和运行稳定性，是智能传感和自供电能源系统的理想平台，在柔性电子领域具有重要的研究和应用价值。

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引用次数: 0

Silk fibroin/chitosan composite cocoon membranes regulated by lithium chloride for atmospheric-pressure oil–water separation 用氯化锂调控丝素/壳聚糖复合茧膜进行常压油水分离

IF 5.1 3区工程技术 Q1 CHEMISTRY, APPLIED

Reactive & Functional Polymers

Pub Date : 2026-03-01 Epub Date: 2025-12-18 DOI: 10.1016/j.reactfunctpolym.2025.106617

Junshuang Zhang , Wenwen Feng , Huizhu Xing , Shufan Chen , Ning Qi , Tong Li , Guan Bai

Traditional membrane materials used for treating oily wastewater from ships often suffer from complex fabrication processes, the use of toxic reagents, and limited capability for efficiently separating emulsified oils under atmospheric conditions. In this study, a natural silkworm cocoon was used as the substrate, onto which a hydrogel coating was constructed through the crosslinking reaction between silk fibroin (SF) and chitosan (CS). Lithium chloride (LiCl) was further incorporated to regulate the membrane properties. Through this strategy, a novel composite separation membrane, cocoon/CS@SF/LiCl (RCSL), was successfully fabricated. The RCSL membrane exhibited superhydrophilic and underwater superoleophobic characteristics, with a water contact angle (WCA) of 0° and an underwater oil contact angle (UOCA) of 152 ± 1°. It achieved separation efficiencies exceeding 98 % for five types of oil-in-water emulsions, including diesel-in-water (D/W) and lubricating oil-in-water (L/W) systems. Moreover, the RCSL membrane demonstrated excellent chemical stability in corrosive environments, such as HCl solution (pH = 3), NaOH solution (pH = 10), and 3.5 wt% NaCl solution, while maintaining a maximum tensile strength of 36.1 MPa—meeting the mechanical requirements for practical applications. This work provides a new strategy for developing efficient, stable, and environmentally friendly membranes for oil–water separation, offering promising potential for applications in the treatment of oily wastewater from ships and related fields.

用于处理船舶含油废水的传统膜材料制备工艺复杂，使用有毒试剂，在常压条件下有效分离乳化油的能力有限。本研究以天然蚕茧为底物，通过丝素蛋白（SF）与壳聚糖（CS）的交联反应，在其上构建水凝胶涂层。进一步加入氯化锂（LiCl）调节膜的性能。通过该策略，成功制备了新型复合分离膜cocoon/CS@SF/LiCl （RCSL）。RCSL膜具有超亲水性和水下超疏油特性，水接触角（WCA）为0°，水下油接触角（UOCA）为152±1°。它对五种水包油乳剂（包括水包柴油（D/W）和水包润滑油（L/W）体系）的分离效率超过98%。此外，RCSL膜在HCl溶液（pH = 3）、NaOH溶液（pH = 10）和3.5 wt% NaCl溶液等腐蚀性环境中表现出优异的化学稳定性，同时保持36.1 mpa的最大抗拉强度，满足实际应用的机械要求。该研究为开发高效、稳定、环保的油水分离膜提供了新思路，在船舶含油废水处理及相关领域具有广阔的应用前景。

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引用次数: 0

ZnBr2/modified polyethersulfone as a new catalytic system for the efficient coupling of CO2 with epoxides ZnBr2/改性聚醚砜作为CO2与环氧化物高效偶联的新催化体系

IF 5.1 3区工程技术 Q1 CHEMISTRY, APPLIED

Reactive & Functional Polymers

Pub Date : 2026-03-01 Epub Date: 2025-12-18 DOI: 10.1016/j.reactfunctpolym.2025.106609

Mehdi Khalaj , Maryam Bakhtiari , Seyed Mahmoud Musavi Safavi , Majid Ghashang

This study presents a sustainable approach to utilizing carbon dioxide (CO₂) by converting it into cyclic carbonates, providing a viable strategy to address carbon emissions. A modified polyethersulfone (PES) was developed and applied as a robust heterogeneous catalyst for this transformation under solvent-free conditions. Under optimized conditions (60 °C, 10 atm, 6 h, and 0.05 g of catalyst), the catalyst demonstrated high efficiency, achieving 91–98 % yields. Notably, PES showed excellent reusability, retaining its performance with minimal reduction in yield after 11 consecutive cycles. These results emphasize the catalyst's potential for environmentally friendly applications in CO₂ utilization and sustainable chemical processes.

本研究提出了一种可持续利用二氧化碳（CO2）的方法，将其转化为环状碳酸盐，为解决碳排放问题提供了可行的策略。开发了一种改性聚醚砜（PES），并在无溶剂条件下作为一种坚固的非均相催化剂应用于该转化。在优化条件下（60°C, 10 atm, 6 h， 0.05 g催化剂），催化剂的效率很高，产率达到91 - 98%。值得注意的是，PES具有出色的可重复使用性，在连续11次循环后仍能保持其性能，且收率降低最小。这些结果强调了催化剂在二氧化碳利用和可持续化学过程中的环境友好应用潜力。

引用次数: 0

Tailoring porous properties of polymer monoliths through the composition of the binary solvent mixture 通过二元溶剂混合物的组成调整聚合物整体的多孔性

IF 5.1 3区工程技术 Q1 CHEMISTRY, APPLIED

Reactive & Functional Polymers

Pub Date : 2026-03-01 Epub Date: 2025-12-16 DOI: 10.1016/j.reactfunctpolym.2025.106614

Barbara Beiler , Malik H. Mahmood , Dóra Bereczki , Ágnes Sáfrány , Péter Fürjes , Miklós Veres

Porous polymer monoliths with controlled porosity are critical materials for advanced separation technologies. Gamma-radiation initiated polymerization offers a straightforward and robust approach to their synthesis, employing a monomer mixture composed solely of monomers and solvents. Achieving precise control over the pore structure for a given monomer primarily depends on the careful selection of the porogenic solvent. This study presents a comprehensive investigation into how solvent composition affects both the structural characteristics and functional flow performance of diethylene glycol dimethacrylate (DEGDMA) monoliths prepared using binary solvent mixtures via gamma-radiation polymerization. Three binary solvent systems—ethyl acetate/alcohols, acetonitrile/alcohols, and acetone/alcohols—were examined, with alcohol concentrations varying from 0 to 70 vol% in a monomer solution containing 30 vol% DEGDMA. Changes in morphology, porous properties, and flow behavior were characterized by scanning electron microscopy, mercury porosimetry, nitrogen absorption measurements, and liquid flux analyses. Results reveal that binary solvent mixtures enable precise tuning of monolith architecture, ranging from macroporous to microporous and even bulk polymer structures.

孔隙度可控的多孔聚合物整体体是先进分离技术的关键材料。伽马辐射引发聚合提供了一种简单而稳健的方法来合成它们，采用仅由单体和溶剂组成的单体混合物。实现对给定单体孔隙结构的精确控制主要取决于致孔溶剂的仔细选择。本研究全面研究了溶剂组成如何影响双溶剂混合物通过伽马辐射聚合制备的二甘醇二甲基丙烯酸酯（DEGDMA）单体的结构特征和功能流动性能。研究了三种二元溶剂体系——乙酸乙酯/醇、乙腈/醇和丙酮/醇，在含有30 vol% DEGDMA的单体溶液中，酒精浓度从0到70 vol%不等。通过扫描电子显微镜、汞孔隙度测量、氮吸收测量和液体通量分析来表征形貌、多孔性和流动行为的变化。结果表明，二元溶剂混合物能够精确调整整体结构，从大孔到微孔，甚至大块聚合物结构。

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引用次数: 0

A bio-based flame retardant with super-low addition for polylactic acid: Simultaneous enhancement of flame retardancy, smoke suppression, and biodegradability 超低添加量聚乳酸的生物基阻燃剂：同时增强阻燃性、抑烟性和生物降解性

IF 5.1 3区工程技术 Q1 CHEMISTRY, APPLIED

Reactive & Functional Polymers

Pub Date : 2026-03-01 Epub Date: 2025-12-26 DOI: 10.1016/j.reactfunctpolym.2025.106625

Jinpeng Song, Haotian Hao, Yufei Yang, Yuehu Zhang, Qing Yu, Liang Song, Guiqing Cheng, Zhongwei Wang, Yuxi Han

The development of biodegradable polymers that simultaneously exhibit flame retardancy and smoke suppression remains a significant challenge. In this work, a bio-based flame retardant (PA-AB) was synthesized from phytic acid (PA) and 2-aminobenzimidazole (AB) via a facile one-step reaction and incorporated into polylactic acid (PLA) by melt blending. At a low loading of 1.0 wt%, PA-AB enabled PLA to achieve a UL-94 V-0 rating with a limiting oxygen index of 26.5 % and effectively suppressed melt dripping. Cone calorimetry results showed that PLA/PA-AB-1.0 exhibited a prolonged ignition time, a slight reduction in heat release, and a pronounced decrease in total smoke release (89.3 %) compared with neat PLA, demonstrating the combined flame-retardant and smoke-suppressing effects of PA-AB. Mechanistic analysis suggests that PA-AB predominantly acts in the gas phase, with a limited contribution in the condensed phase. In addition, PA-AB enhanced the ultraviolet-shielding capability of PLA without significantly compromising optical transparency. Mechanical testing revealed that PLA/PA-AB-1.0 retained 73 % of the tensile strength and 87 % of the elongation at break of neat PLA. Enzymatic degradation studies further indicated that PA-AB accelerated the degradation behavior of PLA. This study provides an effective approach for designing multifunctional, bio-based flame-retardant PLA materials.

开发同时具有阻燃性和抑烟性的可生物降解聚合物仍然是一个重大挑战。以植酸（PA）和2-氨基苯并咪唑（AB）为原料，通过简单的一步反应合成了生物基阻燃剂PA-AB，并通过熔融共混掺入聚乳酸（PLA）中。在1.0 wt%的低负荷下，PA-AB使PLA达到UL-94 V-0额定值，极限氧指数为26.5%，并有效抑制熔体滴下。锥量热法结果表明，与纯PLA相比，PLA/PA-AB-1.0的着火时间延长，放热量略有降低，总排烟量明显降低（89.3%），表明PA-AB具有阻燃抑烟的综合作用。机理分析表明，PA-AB主要作用于气相，在凝聚相中贡献有限。此外，PA-AB增强了PLA的紫外线屏蔽能力，而不会显著影响光学透明度。力学性能测试表明，PLA/PA-AB-1.0的拉伸强度和断裂伸长率分别为纯PLA的73%和87%。酶解研究进一步表明，PA-AB加速了PLA的降解行为。本研究为设计多功能生物基阻燃聚乳酸材料提供了有效途径。

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引用次数: 0

Tree-like biomimetic metal-organic framework/carbon nanotube to enhance the dielectric response of sulfurized polyurethane 树状仿生金属有机骨架/碳纳米管增强硫化聚氨酯的介电响应

IF 5.1 3区工程技术 Q1 CHEMISTRY, APPLIED

Reactive & Functional Polymers

Pub Date : 2026-03-01 Epub Date: 2025-12-20 DOI: 10.1016/j.reactfunctpolym.2025.106619

Liang Tao , Sheng-Hong Yuan , Jing-Wen Wang, Rui-Han Feng, Zi-Long Zhang

In order to meet the urgent demand for efficient, compact, and low-power actuators in leading-edge flexible electronics, such as wearable devices and soft robots, it is crucial to develop dielectric elastomer actuators with high dielectric constants and low dielectric losses. Inspired by the structure of trees in nature, we constructed a CNT/c-MOF filler with a three-dimensional interpenetrating network structure, with carbon nanotube (CNT) as the “trunk” and conducting metal-organic framework Ni₃(HHTP)₂ (abbreviated as c-MOF) as the “leaves”. The above fillers were combined with synthetic sulfurized polyurethane (S-PU) to prepare CNT/c-MOF@S-PU composite films using the solution casting method, and c-MOF@S-PU composite films were fabricated as a control. This dendritic structured filler improves compatibility with S-PU and significantly increases the specific surface area, thereby enhancing the dielectric constant of the composite film. Concurrently, the internal micropores of the filler suppress excessive charge carrier migration, leading to a reduction in dielectric loss. At 100 Hz, the 3.41 vol% CNT/c-MOF@S-PU composite achieves a dielectric constant of 135.7, which is 1.55 times that of c-MOF@S-PU (87.4) and 25.5 times that of pure S-PU (5.32). Simultaneously, its dielectric loss remains low at 0.13. This reveals the composite film is a promising candidate material for actuators.

为了满足可穿戴设备和软体机器人等前沿柔性电子产品对高效、紧凑和低功耗致动器的迫切需求，开发具有高介电常数和低介电损耗的介电弹性体致动器至关重要。受自然界树木结构的启发，我们构建了一种三维互穿网络结构的CNT/c-MOF填料，以碳纳米管（CNT）为“树干”，导电金属有机骨架Ni₃（HHTP）₂（缩写为c-MOF）为“叶子”。将上述填料与合成硫化聚氨酯（S-PU）结合，采用溶液浇铸法制备CNT/c-MOF@S-PU复合膜，并以c-MOF@S-PU复合膜为对照。该枝晶结构填料改善了与S-PU的相容性，显著提高了复合膜的比表面积，从而提高了复合膜的介电常数。同时，填料的内部微孔抑制了过多的载流子迁移，从而降低了介电损耗。在100 Hz时，3.41 vol% CNT/c-MOF@S-PU复合材料的介电常数为135.7，是c-MOF@S-PU（87.4）的1.55倍，是纯S-PU（5.32）的25.5倍。同时，其介电损耗保持在0.13的低水平。这表明复合薄膜是一种很有前途的执行器候选材料。

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