Public Health Nutrition最新文献

Objective: Genetic predisposition to obesity can stimulate an increase in adiposity throughout adulthood. However, the interaction between genetic factors and dietary habits may modify the genetic association with obesity. Thus, this study aimed to investigate the dietary patterns that influence the genetic risk of obesity in a Korean population using a large cohort study and genome-wide association study.

Design: Prospective cohort study.

Setting: The genetic risk score (GRS) was calculated based on six identified single nucleotide polymorphisms of the OTOL1, NMBR, DNAJB9, ASCC1, NT5C2, and FTO genes associated with obesity, as ascertained by body mass index. Dietary patterns were determined using food intake data from a food frequency questionnaire and factor analysis.

Participants: This study included data from 8,458 adults aged 40-69 years from the Ansan and Ansung cohorts of the Korean Genome and Epidemiology Study.

Results: The refined carbohydrate dietary pattern showed a significant inverse association with obesity in the highest GRS group with a non-significant interactive association (odds ratio [OR], 0.801; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.662-‒0.969; P for trend = 0.0251, P for interaction = 0.571). However, participants with the highest refined carbohydrate dietary pattern score and highest GRS had an increased prevalence of obesity (OR: 1.288, 95% CI: 1.068‒1.554, P for trend = 0.0251) compared with the prevalence of those with the lowest dietary pattern score and GRS.

Conclusions: Reducing refined carbohydrate consumption may be helpful for Korean adults with a greater genetic susceptibility to obesity.

Objective: We applied an innovative agent-based modeling (ABM) approach to investigate how and to what extent spillover effects occur beyond dietary interventions.

Design: We developed an agent-based-model (ABM) in NetLogo to simulate the dietary practices of the Dutch adult population during lunch and dinner, representing participants in the Dutch National Food Consumption Survey.

Setting: The model assessed spillover effects beyond a hypothetical workplace canteen intervention targeting increased plant-based protein consumption during lunch. Direct effects were defined as the percentage of non-vegetarian employees consuming a vegetarian lunch. Spillover effects were indicated by the percentage of plant-based protein consumed at dinner, influenced by dietary identity, habituation, social networks, and eating location. Scenarios with varying direct effect sizes were simulated to compare plant-based protein consumption at dinner.

Results: Simulations demonstrated a positive spillover effect at the population level, with plant-based protein consumption at dinner increasing over three years compared to baseline (no intervention). At direct intervention effect sizes up to 0.5, there was a linear increase in plant-based protein consumption at dinner (from 23.0% [95%CI 22.9-23.2] at baseline to 32.3% [95%CI 31.8-32.8]). Spillover effects plateaued beyond an effect size of 0.5, with no significant further increases observed.

Conclusions: Our application of ABM revealed that positive spillover effects of dietary interventions from workplace to home can be achieved. Despite challenges, ABM might complement other approaches for studying spillover effects and supporting dietary behavior change towards more sustainable diets.

Objective: In a world under a triple planetary crisis of climate change, biodiversity loss, and pollution, this study aimed to evaluate the types, features, and impacts of environmental sustainability and social responsibility food labels on consumers' choices and purchasing decisions.

Design: A systematic review encompassing three electronic databases was conducted. The initial search was conducted in May 2022 and updated in July 2025, identifying 364 studies. After screening, 41 studies were included. Data were extracted using a standardized form and analysed by topic.

Setting: Studies included were conducted in various consumer and market settings, primarily focusing on packaged food products.

Participants: The studies represented a range of consumers across demographic and geographic contexts, but mostly focused on Western Europe, the US, and other high-income countries.

Results: Most studies were experimental ('choice experiments') and evaluated purchasing intentions. Environmental sustainability labels generally elicit positive consumer responses, with high preferences for organic and animal welfare claims. Consumers often desire additional information to better understand label meanings. While some evidence supports the influence of environmental sustainability labels on consumer choices, their impact on actual purchasing behaviour remains mixed. Research on social responsibility labels is notably limited.

Conclusions: There is insufficient evidence to determine the real-world impacts of environmental sustainability and social responsibility labels on food choices. Future studies could focus on purchasing behaviours in real-life consumer interactions with labels, the impacts of the exposure to varying levels of information, and a potential integration of domains. Given pressing social and environmental challenges, integrative strategies are required to develop labels that effectively guide consumers towards healthier, sustainable, and socially responsible food options.

Objective: The major aim was to examine the interaction between visiting Kuwaiti Diwaniyyah, dietary habits, and daily activities during Ramadan among Kuwaiti men.

Design: An electronic questionnaire was used to collect data. The questionnaire included questions about various sociocultural factors, frequency of visiting Diwaniyyah, dietary habits, and physical activity variables. For the sociocultural variables, age, level of education, and governorate was collected. ANOVA, t-test, Pearson correlation, and regression were used.

Setting: Respondents came from different and various subgroups of the Kuwaiti population and from all six governorate.

Participants: A total of 736 Kuwaiti men were selected from an opportunistic sample.

Results: The results show that the food most eaten at night after Iftar in general was rice, meat, and dairy products. Younger age groups eat more sweets, pastry, traditional sweets, dairy products, and rice than the other age groups. The higher the frequency of visiting Diwaniyyah, the greater the consumption of these types of food at night. Also, older men eat fewer types of food and have lower physical activity levels at night during Ramadan than other age groups. Men with graduate educational levels who regularly visit Diwaniyyah consume more types of food at night than those who do not visit the Diwaniyyah. Age, social individuals, and number of days visiting Diwaniyyah were associated with and predicted the number of types of food eaten at night during Ramadan.

Conclusion: The study findings reveal that during Ramadan, lifestyle behavior changes among men, including the timing and number of meals, type and portion of food consumption, and physical activity behavior.

Objective: Toddler drinks, sometimes referred to as toddler milk and formula, are not recommended by health authorities because they have a higher sugar and lower protein content than cow's milk. However, advertisement spending and retail sales of these products have grown in the United States (U.S.), and there is a nutrition surveillance gap in purchaser characteristics.

Design: Household purchases of toddler drinks between 2004-2020.

Setting: NielsenIQ consumer panel.

Participants: Panelists across the U.S.

Results: Panelists purchased 66 unique toddler drinks between 2004-2020. Out of 202,207 households in the panel, 2,644 panelists purchased toddler drinks at least once during the study period. Most panelists who purchased toddler drinks had a household income above $60,000 and had graduated from college. Households purchasing toddler drinks spent an average of $102 dollars, 1.5% of their total food spending, on toddler drinks annually. The share of spending on toddler drinks increased by approximately 0.02 percentage points each year during the study period, which was equivalent to a 54% increase between 2004 and 2020 (95% CI: 0.04 - 4 x 10^-3). The highest average household spending on toddler drinks was among Asian households, households with a single male head of household, and households with children 2-6 years old.

Conclusions: Findings indicate that toddler drink purchasing patterns vary by household demographics and have increased over time. Proactive efforts, including continued surveillance of toddler drink purchases and regulation of toddler drink marketing, are critical to promote consumption of age-appropriate beverages for young children.

Objective: The childhood composite index of anthropometric failure (CIAF) effectively identifies multiple anthropometric deficits among under-five children. This study aimed to analyze undernutrition among under-five children, as measured by childhood CIAF, to evaluate trends, determinants, and disparities in Bangladesh between 2007-2022.

Design: The study utilized data from five rounds of the nationally representative cross-sectional Bangladesh Demographic and Health Survey (BDHS) conducted in 2007, 2011, 2014, 2017-18, and 2022. The CIAF was estimated using six mutually exclusive anthropometric failure categories in accordance with the World Health Organization (WHO) child growth standards. Multivariable logistic regression was performed to explore determinants of CIAF. The concentration index and concentration curve were used to assess the changes in inequity.

Setting: Bangladesh.

Participants: 32,096 under-five children.

Results: The prevalence of childhood CIAF declined significantly from 56% (95% CI: 55-58) in 2007 to 35% (95% CI: 33-36) in 2022. The significant reduction in "stunting and underweight" from 23% (95% CI: 22-24) in 2007 to 11% (95% CI: 10-12) in 2022 was a major contributor to the decrease in childhood CIAF. Child age, household socioeconomic status (SES), and mother's education were significant determinants of childhood CIAF across all study periods. Negative concentration index for SES, residence, mother's and father's education indicate pro-poor inequality in childhood CIAF, which declined from 2007 to 2022.

Conclusions: Despite significant progress, disparities in childhood CIAF across SES, residence, and parental education persist in Bangladesh. Targeted policy interventions are crucial to mitigating childhood undernutrition and achieving Sustainable Development Goal 2.2.