Pub Date : 2024-05-10DOI: 10.1017/S1368980024001101
Magda do Carmo Parajára, Aline Siqueira Fogal Vegi, Ísis Eloah Machado, Mariana Carvalho de Menezes, Eliseu Verly-Jr, Adriana Lúcia Meireles
Objective: To estimate the disability and costs of the Brazilian Unified Health System for IHD attributable to trans-fatty acid (TFA) consumption in 2019.
Design: This ecological study used secondary data from the Global Burden of Disease (GBD) Study 2019 to estimate the years lived with disability from IHD attributable to TFA in Brazil in 2019. Data on direct costs (purchasing power parity: 1 Int$ = R$ 2·280) were obtained from the Hospital and Ambulatory Information Systems of the Brazilian Unified Health System. Moreover, the total costs in each state were divided by the resident population in 2019 and multiplied by 10 000 inhabitants. The relationship between the socio-demographic index, disease and economic burden was investigated.
Setting: Brazil and its twenty-seven states.
Participants: Adults aged ≥ 25 years of both sexes.
Results: IHD attributable to TFA consumption resulted in 11 165 years lived with disability (95 % uncertainty interval 932–18 462) in 2019 in Brazil. A total of Int$ 54 546 227 (95 % uncertainty interval 4 505 792–85 561 810) was spent in the Brazilian Unified Health System in 2019 due to IHD attributable to TFA, with the highest costs of hospitalisations, for males and individuals aged ≥ 50 years or over. The highest costs were observed in Sergipe (Int$ 6508/10 000; 95 % uncertainty interval 576–10 265), followed by the two states from the South. Overall, as the socio-demographic index increases, expenditures increase.
Conclusions: TFA consumption results in a high disease and economic IHD burden in Brazil, reinforcing the need for more effective health policies, such as industrial TFA elimination, following the international agenda.
{"title":"Disability and costs of IHD attributable to the consumption of trans-fatty acids in Brazil.","authors":"Magda do Carmo Parajára, Aline Siqueira Fogal Vegi, Ísis Eloah Machado, Mariana Carvalho de Menezes, Eliseu Verly-Jr, Adriana Lúcia Meireles","doi":"10.1017/S1368980024001101","DOIUrl":"10.1017/S1368980024001101","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>To estimate the disability and costs of the Brazilian Unified Health System for IHD attributable to trans-fatty acid (TFA) consumption in 2019.</p><p><strong>Design: </strong>This ecological study used secondary data from the Global Burden of Disease (GBD) Study 2019 to estimate the years lived with disability from IHD attributable to TFA in Brazil in 2019. Data on direct costs (purchasing power parity: 1 Int$ = R$ 2·280) were obtained from the Hospital and Ambulatory Information Systems of the Brazilian Unified Health System. Moreover, the total costs in each state were divided by the resident population in 2019 and multiplied by 10 000 inhabitants. The relationship between the socio-demographic index, disease and economic burden was investigated.</p><p><strong>Setting: </strong>Brazil and its twenty-seven states.</p><p><strong>Participants: </strong>Adults aged ≥ 25 years of both sexes.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>IHD attributable to TFA consumption resulted in 11 165 years lived with disability (95 % uncertainty interval 932–18 462) in 2019 in Brazil. A total of Int$ 54 546 227 (95 % uncertainty interval 4 505 792–85 561 810) was spent in the Brazilian Unified Health System in 2019 due to IHD attributable to TFA, with the highest costs of hospitalisations, for males and individuals aged ≥ 50 years or over. The highest costs were observed in Sergipe (Int$ 6508/10 000; 95 % uncertainty interval 576–10 265), followed by the two states from the South. Overall, as the socio-demographic index increases, expenditures increase.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>TFA consumption results in a high disease and economic IHD burden in Brazil, reinforcing the need for more effective health policies, such as industrial TFA elimination, following the international agenda.</p>","PeriodicalId":20951,"journal":{"name":"Public Health Nutrition","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2024-05-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11112431/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140896094","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-05-07DOI: 10.1017/S1368980024001034
Sydney Miller, Trevor A Pickering, Wändi Bruine de Bruin, Thomas W Valente, John P Wilson, Kayla de la Haye
Objective: Comprehensive studies examining longitudinal predictors of dietary change during the coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic are lacking. Based on an ecological framework, this study used longitudinal data to test if individual, social and environmental factors predicted change in dietary intake during the peak of the coronavirus 2019 pandemic in Los Angeles County and examined interactions among the multilevel predictors.
Design: We analysed two survey waves (e.g. baseline and follow-up) of the Understanding America Study, administered online to the same participants 3 months apart. The surveys assessed dietary intake and individual, social, and neighbourhood factors potentially associated with diet. Lagged multilevel regression models were used to predict change from baseline to follow-up in daily servings of fruits, vegetables and sugar-sweetened beverages.
Setting: Data were collected in October 2020 and January 2021, during the peak of the coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic in Los Angeles County.
Participants: 903 adults representative of Los Angeles County households.
Results: Individuals who had depression and less education or who identified as non-Hispanic Black or Hispanic reported unhealthy dietary changes over the study period. Individuals with smaller social networks, especially low-income individuals with smaller networks, also reported unhealthy dietary changes. After accounting for individual and social factors, neighbourhood factors were generally not associated with dietary change.
Conclusions: Given poor diets are a leading cause of death in the USA, addressing ecological risk factors that put some segments of the community at risk for unhealthy dietary changes during a crisis should be a priority for health interventions and policy.
{"title":"Socio-ecological factors linked with changes in adults' dietary intake in Los Angeles County during the peak of the coronavirus 2019 pandemic.","authors":"Sydney Miller, Trevor A Pickering, Wändi Bruine de Bruin, Thomas W Valente, John P Wilson, Kayla de la Haye","doi":"10.1017/S1368980024001034","DOIUrl":"10.1017/S1368980024001034","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>Comprehensive studies examining longitudinal predictors of dietary change during the coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic are lacking. Based on an ecological framework, this study used longitudinal data to test if individual, social and environmental factors predicted change in dietary intake during the peak of the coronavirus 2019 pandemic in Los Angeles County and examined interactions among the multilevel predictors.</p><p><strong>Design: </strong>We analysed two survey waves (e.g. baseline and follow-up) of the Understanding America Study, administered online to the same participants 3 months apart. The surveys assessed dietary intake and individual, social, and neighbourhood factors potentially associated with diet. Lagged multilevel regression models were used to predict change from baseline to follow-up in daily servings of fruits, vegetables and sugar-sweetened beverages.</p><p><strong>Setting: </strong>Data were collected in October 2020 and January 2021, during the peak of the coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic in Los Angeles County.</p><p><strong>Participants: </strong>903 adults representative of Los Angeles County households.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Individuals who had depression and less education or who identified as non-Hispanic Black or Hispanic reported unhealthy dietary changes over the study period. Individuals with smaller social networks, especially low-income individuals with smaller networks, also reported unhealthy dietary changes. After accounting for individual and social factors, neighbourhood factors were generally not associated with dietary change.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Given poor diets are a leading cause of death in the USA, addressing ecological risk factors that put some segments of the community at risk for unhealthy dietary changes during a crisis should be a priority for health interventions and policy.</p>","PeriodicalId":20951,"journal":{"name":"Public Health Nutrition","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2024-05-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11148824/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140851101","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-05-07DOI: 10.1017/S1368980024001058
Katherine Marie Appleton
Objective: Legume and pulse consumption is currently recommended for health and sustainability purposes, but barriers to consumption can include low enjoyment and poor sensory properties. This work aimed to investigate the relative importance of a number of barriers and facilitators towards legume, including pulse, consumption with a specific focus on enjoyment, sensory properties and a possible role for perceived cooking abilities in these relationships.
Design: A cross-sectional questionnaire study assessed legume and pulse consumption, agreement and disagreement with statements relating to enjoyment, sensory properties, cooking abilities, practical aspects, healthiness, upbringing, social influences and quality issues, and four demographic characteristics. Complete responses were gained from 633 respondents with a mix of genders, ages, usual cooking responsibilities and usual eating habits.
Setting: UK, March 2021 - September 2022.
Participants: General UK adult population.
Results: Using multiple regression analyses, enjoyment and cooking abilities were found to be important for both legume and pulse consumption (smallest beta = 0·165, P < 0·01), and the sensory properties of these foods were also important for the consumption of pulses (beta = 0·099, P = 0·04). Perceived cooking abilities also reduced the importance of enjoyment and sensory properties for consumption, mitigated effects due to upbringing and practical aspects and increased the value of perceived health benefits (smallest beta = 0·094, P = 0·04).
Conclusions: These findings demonstrate a clear role for enjoyment, sensory properties and perceived cooking abilities in legume and pulse consumption and suggest benefits for increasing cooking abilities for improved legume and pulse consumption, as result of both direct and indirect effects.
{"title":"The importance of enjoyment, sensory properties and perceived cooking abilities in legume and pulse consumption: a questionnaire study.","authors":"Katherine Marie Appleton","doi":"10.1017/S1368980024001058","DOIUrl":"10.1017/S1368980024001058","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>Legume and pulse consumption is currently recommended for health and sustainability purposes, but barriers to consumption can include low enjoyment and poor sensory properties. This work aimed to investigate the relative importance of a number of barriers and facilitators towards legume, including pulse, consumption with a specific focus on enjoyment, sensory properties and a possible role for perceived cooking abilities in these relationships.</p><p><strong>Design: </strong>A cross-sectional questionnaire study assessed legume and pulse consumption, agreement and disagreement with statements relating to enjoyment, sensory properties, cooking abilities, practical aspects, healthiness, upbringing, social influences and quality issues, and four demographic characteristics. Complete responses were gained from 633 respondents with a mix of genders, ages, usual cooking responsibilities and usual eating habits.</p><p><strong>Setting: </strong>UK, March 2021 - September 2022.</p><p><strong>Participants: </strong>General UK adult population.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Using multiple regression analyses, enjoyment and cooking abilities were found to be important for both legume and pulse consumption (smallest beta = 0·165, <i>P</i> < 0·01), and the sensory properties of these foods were also important for the consumption of pulses (beta = 0·099, <i>P</i> = 0·04). Perceived cooking abilities also reduced the importance of enjoyment and sensory properties for consumption, mitigated effects due to upbringing and practical aspects and increased the value of perceived health benefits (smallest beta = 0·094, <i>P</i> = 0·04).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>These findings demonstrate a clear role for enjoyment, sensory properties and perceived cooking abilities in legume and pulse consumption and suggest benefits for increasing cooking abilities for improved legume and pulse consumption, as result of both direct and indirect effects.</p>","PeriodicalId":20951,"journal":{"name":"Public Health Nutrition","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2024-05-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11374571/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140857930","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-05-06DOI: 10.1017/S1368980024000983
Leia M Minaker, Patrycia Menko, David Olona
Objective: To describe the development and testing of two assessment tools designed to assess exterior (including drive-thru) and interior food and beverage marketing in restaurants with a focus on marketing to children and teens.
Design: A scoping review on restaurant marketing to children was undertaken, followed by expert and government consultations to produce a draft assessment tool. The draft tool was mounted online and further refined into two separate tools: the Canadian Marketing Assessment Tool for Restaurants (CMAT-R) and the CMAT-Photo Coding Tool (CMAT-PCT). The tools were tested to assess inter-rater reliability using Cohen's Kappa and per cent agreement for dichotomous variables, and intra-class correlation coefficients (ICCs) for continuous or rank-order variables.
Setting: Waterloo, Ontario, Canada.
Participants: Restaurants of all types were assessed using the CMAT-R (n 57), and thirty randomly selected photos were coded using the CMAT-PCT.
Results: The CMAT-R collected data on general promotions and restaurant features, drive-thru features, the children's menu and the dollar/value menu. The CMAT-PCT collected data on advertisement features, features considered appealing to children and teens, and characters. The inter-rater reliability of the CMAT-R tool was strong (mean per cent agreement was 92·4 %, mean Cohen's κ = 0·82 for all dichotomous variables and mean ICC = 0·961 for continuous/count variables). The mean per cent agreement for the CMAT-PCT across items was 97·3 %, and mean Cohen's κ across items was 0·91, indicating very strong inter-rater reliability.
Conclusions: The tools assess restaurant food and beverage marketing. Both showed high inter-rater reliability and can be adapted to better suit other contexts.
{"title":"Development and testing of two tools to assess point-of-sale food and beverage marketing to children in restaurants.","authors":"Leia M Minaker, Patrycia Menko, David Olona","doi":"10.1017/S1368980024000983","DOIUrl":"10.1017/S1368980024000983","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>To describe the development and testing of two assessment tools designed to assess exterior (including drive-thru) and interior food and beverage marketing in restaurants with a focus on marketing to children and teens.</p><p><strong>Design: </strong>A scoping review on restaurant marketing to children was undertaken, followed by expert and government consultations to produce a draft assessment tool. The draft tool was mounted online and further refined into two separate tools: the Canadian Marketing Assessment Tool for Restaurants (CMAT-R) and the CMAT-Photo Coding Tool (CMAT-PCT). The tools were tested to assess inter-rater reliability using Cohen's Kappa and per cent agreement for dichotomous variables, and intra-class correlation coefficients (ICCs) for continuous or rank-order variables.</p><p><strong>Setting: </strong>Waterloo, Ontario, Canada.</p><p><strong>Participants: </strong>Restaurants of all types were assessed using the CMAT-R (<i>n</i> 57), and thirty randomly selected photos were coded using the CMAT-PCT.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The CMAT-R collected data on general promotions and restaurant features, drive-thru features, the children's menu and the dollar/value menu. The CMAT-PCT collected data on advertisement features, features considered appealing to children and teens, and characters. The inter-rater reliability of the CMAT-R tool was strong (mean per cent agreement was 92·4 %, mean Cohen's κ = 0·82 for all dichotomous variables and mean ICC = 0·961 for continuous/count variables). The mean per cent agreement for the CMAT-PCT across items was 97·3 %, and mean Cohen's κ across items was 0·91, indicating very strong inter-rater reliability.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>The tools assess restaurant food and beverage marketing. Both showed high inter-rater reliability and can be adapted to better suit other contexts.</p>","PeriodicalId":20951,"journal":{"name":"Public Health Nutrition","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2024-05-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11112432/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140852620","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Objective: To evaluate differences in the percentage of expenditure on food groups in Mexican households according to the gender of the household head and the size of the locality.
Design: Analysis of secondary data from the National Household Income and Expenditure Survey (ENIGH) 2018. We estimated the percentage of expenditure on fifteen food groups according to the gender of the head of household and locality size and evaluated the differences using a two-part model approach.
Setting: Mexico, 2018.
Participants: A nationally representative sample of 74 647 Mexican households.
Results: Female-headed households allocated a lower share of expenditure to the purchase of sweetened beverages and alcoholic beverages and higher percentages to milk and dairy, fruits and water. In comparison with metropolitan households, households in rural and urban localities spent more on cereals and tubers, sugar and honey, oil and fat and less on food away from home.
Conclusions: Households allocate different percentages of expenditure to diverse food groups according to the gender of the head of the household and the size of the locality where they are located. Future research should focus on understanding the economic and social disparities related to differences in food expenditure, including the gender perspective.
{"title":"Share of food group expenditure in Mexican households according to the gender of the head of household and size of the locality.","authors":"Jocelyn Jaen, Sonia Collado-López, Brianda Ioanna Armenta-Guirado, Armando G-Olvera, Mauricio Hernández-F","doi":"10.1017/S1368980024001010","DOIUrl":"10.1017/S1368980024001010","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>To evaluate differences in the percentage of expenditure on food groups in Mexican households according to the gender of the household head and the size of the locality.</p><p><strong>Design: </strong>Analysis of secondary data from the National Household Income and Expenditure Survey (ENIGH) 2018. We estimated the percentage of expenditure on fifteen food groups according to the gender of the head of household and locality size and evaluated the differences using a two-part model approach.</p><p><strong>Setting: </strong>Mexico, 2018.</p><p><strong>Participants: </strong>A nationally representative sample of 74 647 Mexican households.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Female-headed households allocated a lower share of expenditure to the purchase of <i>sweetened beverages and alcoholic beverages</i> and higher percentages <i>to milk and dairy, fruits</i> and <i>water</i>. In comparison with metropolitan households, households in rural and urban localities spent more on <i>cereals and tubers</i>, <i>sugar and honey</i>, <i>oil and fat</i> and less on <i>food away from home.</i></p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Households allocate different percentages of expenditure to diverse food groups according to the gender of the head of the household and the size of the locality where they are located. Future research should focus on understanding the economic and social disparities related to differences in food expenditure, including the gender perspective.</p>","PeriodicalId":20951,"journal":{"name":"Public Health Nutrition","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2024-05-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11112422/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140857817","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Objective: Although small fish are an important source of micronutrients, the relationship between their intake and mortality remains unclear. This study aimed to clarify the association between intake of small fish and all-cause and cause-specific mortality.
Design: We used the data from a cohort study in Japan. The frequency of the intake of small fish was assessed using a validated FFQ. The hazard ratio (HR) and 95 % confidence interval (CI) for all-cause and cause-specific mortality according to the frequency of the intake of small fish by sex were estimated using a Cox proportional hazard model with adjustments for covariates.
Setting: The Japan Multi-Institutional Collaborative Cohort Study.
Participants: A total of 80 802 participants (34 555 males and 46 247 females), aged 35-69 years.
Results: During a mean follow-up of 9·0 years, we identified 2482 deaths including 1495 cancer-related deaths. The intake of small fish was statistically significantly and inversely associated with the risk of all-cause and cancer mortality in females. The multivariable-adjusted HR (95 % CI) in females for all-cause mortality according to the intake were 0·68 (0·55, 0·85) for intakes 1-3 times/month, 0·72 (0·57, 0·90) for 1-2 times/week and 0·69 (0·54, 0·88) for ≥ 3 times/week, compared with the rare intake. The corresponding HR (95 % CI) in females for cancer mortality were 0·72 (0·54, 0·96), 0·71 (0·53, 0·96) and 0·64 (0·46, 0·89), respectively. No statistically significant association was observed in males.
Conclusions: Intake of small fish may reduce the risk of all-cause and cancer mortality in Japanese females.
{"title":"Association between consumption of small fish and all-cause mortality among Japanese: the Japan Multi-Institutional Collaborative Cohort Study.","authors":"Chinatsu Kasahara, Takashi Tamura, Kenji Wakai, Yudai Tamada, Yasufumi Kato, Yoko Kubo, Rieko Okada, Mako Nagayoshi, Asahi Hishida, Nahomi Imaeda, Chiho Goto, Jun Otonari, Hiroaki Ikezaki, Yuichiro Nishida, Chisato Shimanoe, Isao Oze, Yuriko N Koyanagi, Yohko Nakamura, Miho Kusakabe, Daisaku Nishimoto, Ippei Shimoshikiryo, Sadao Suzuki, Miki Watanabe, Etsuko Ozaki, Chie Omichi, Kiyonori Kuriki, Naoyuki Takashima, Naoko Miyagawa, Kokichi Arisawa, Sakurako Katsuura-Kamano, Kenji Takeuchi, Keitaro Matsuo","doi":"10.1017/S1368980024000831","DOIUrl":"10.1017/S1368980024000831","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>Although small fish are an important source of micronutrients, the relationship between their intake and mortality remains unclear. This study aimed to clarify the association between intake of small fish and all-cause and cause-specific mortality.</p><p><strong>Design: </strong>We used the data from a cohort study in Japan. The frequency of the intake of small fish was assessed using a validated FFQ. The hazard ratio (HR) and 95 % confidence interval (CI) for all-cause and cause-specific mortality according to the frequency of the intake of small fish by sex were estimated using a Cox proportional hazard model with adjustments for covariates.</p><p><strong>Setting: </strong>The Japan Multi-Institutional Collaborative Cohort Study.</p><p><strong>Participants: </strong>A total of 80 802 participants (34 555 males and 46 247 females), aged 35-69 years.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>During a mean follow-up of 9·0 years, we identified 2482 deaths including 1495 cancer-related deaths. The intake of small fish was statistically significantly and inversely associated with the risk of all-cause and cancer mortality in females. The multivariable-adjusted HR (95 % CI) in females for all-cause mortality according to the intake were 0·68 (0·55, 0·85) for intakes 1-3 times/month, 0·72 (0·57, 0·90) for 1-2 times/week and 0·69 (0·54, 0·88) for ≥ 3 times/week, compared with the rare intake. The corresponding HR (95 % CI) in females for cancer mortality were 0·72 (0·54, 0·96), 0·71 (0·53, 0·96) and 0·64 (0·46, 0·89), respectively. No statistically significant association was observed in males.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Intake of small fish may reduce the risk of all-cause and cancer mortality in Japanese females.</p>","PeriodicalId":20951,"journal":{"name":"Public Health Nutrition","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2024-05-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11148834/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140868025","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-05-03DOI: 10.1017/s1368980024000995
Laurie M. Jacobs, Laura A. Schmidt, Dean Schillinger, Jamey M. Schmidt, Katie E. Alegria, Bethany Parrett, Amanda Pickett, Elissa S. Epel
Objective: Workplace sugar-sweetened beverage (SSB) sales bans can reduce SSB consumption. Because stress and anxiety can promote sugar consumption, we examined whether anxiety among hospital employees during the COVID-19 pandemic was associated with changes in SSB consumption and explored whether this relationship varied by exposure to a workplace SSB sales ban. Design: In a prospective, controlled trial of workplace SSB sales bans, we examined self-reported anxiety (Generalized Anxiety Disorder-7; GAD-7) and self-reported SSB consumption (fluid ounces/day) before (July 2019) and during (May 2020) the COVID-19 pandemic. Setting: Hospital sites in two conditions (4 with SSB sales bans, 3 without sales bans) in Northern California. Participants: We sampled 580 participants (hospital employees) from a larger trial of sales bans; all were regular consumers of SSBs (minimum 3/week at main trial enrollment). This subsample was chosen based on having appropriately timed data for our study questions. Results: Across conditions, participants reduced SSB consumption over the study period. However, participants with higher pandemic-era anxiety scores experienced smaller reductions in SSB consumption after 9 months compared to those with lower anxiety scores (β = 0.65, p<.05). When the sample was disaggregated by sales ban condition, this relationship held for participants in the control group (access to SSBs at work, β = 0.82, p<.05), but not for those exposed to an SSB sales ban (β = 0.42, p=.25). Conclusions: SSB sales bans likely reduce SSB consumption through multiple pathways; buffering stress-related consumption may be one mechanism.
{"title":"Did a workplace sugar-sweetened beverage sales ban reduce anxiety-related SSB consumption during the COVID-19 pandemic?","authors":"Laurie M. Jacobs, Laura A. Schmidt, Dean Schillinger, Jamey M. Schmidt, Katie E. Alegria, Bethany Parrett, Amanda Pickett, Elissa S. Epel","doi":"10.1017/s1368980024000995","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/s1368980024000995","url":null,"abstract":"Objective: Workplace sugar-sweetened beverage (SSB) sales bans can reduce SSB consumption. Because stress and anxiety can promote sugar consumption, we examined whether anxiety among hospital employees during the COVID-19 pandemic was associated with changes in SSB consumption and explored whether this relationship varied by exposure to a workplace SSB sales ban. Design: In a prospective, controlled trial of workplace SSB sales bans, we examined self-reported anxiety (Generalized Anxiety Disorder-7; GAD-7) and self-reported SSB consumption (fluid ounces/day) before (July 2019) and during (May 2020) the COVID-19 pandemic. Setting: Hospital sites in two conditions (4 with SSB sales bans, 3 without sales bans) in Northern California. Participants: We sampled 580 participants (hospital employees) from a larger trial of sales bans; all were regular consumers of SSBs (minimum 3/week at main trial enrollment). This subsample was chosen based on having appropriately timed data for our study questions. Results: Across conditions, participants reduced SSB consumption over the study period. However, participants with higher pandemic-era anxiety scores experienced smaller reductions in SSB consumption after 9 months compared to those with lower anxiety scores (β = 0.65, p<.05). When the sample was disaggregated by sales ban condition, this relationship held for participants in the control group (access to SSBs at work, β = 0.82, p<.05), but not for those exposed to an SSB sales ban (β = 0.42, p=.25). Conclusions: SSB sales bans likely reduce SSB consumption through multiple pathways; buffering stress-related consumption may be one mechanism.","PeriodicalId":20951,"journal":{"name":"Public Health Nutrition","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2024-05-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140832802","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-05-03DOI: 10.1017/s1368980024000971
Aileen O’Connor, Maria Buffini, Anne P Nugent, Laura Kehoe, Albert Flynn, Janette Walton, John Kearney, Breige McNulty
Objective: To identify the main foods determining saturated fatty acid (SFA) intakes and model the impact of food exchanges to improve compliance with dietary fat recommendations in Irish children. Design: Estimated food and nutrient intakes were obtained from a cross-sectional study, the National Children’s Food Survey II. Participants were categorised into low, medium, and high SFA consumers, and the contribution of food categories to SFA intakes were compared. A food-exchange model was developed, whereby a selected range of high SFA foods were exchanged with lower SFA or unsaturated fat alternatives. Setting: Participants were randomly selected from primary schools throughout the Republic of Ireland. Participants: A representative sample of 600 Irish children (5–12 years). Results: The main determinants of low and high SFA consumers were milk, cheese, and butter. These foods, including snack foods, and meat and meat products, were considered exchangeable foods within the model. Compared with baseline data, modelled intakes for total fat, SFA, monounsaturated fatty acids (MUFA) and trans-fat presented decreases of 3.2, 2.7, 1.6 and <0.1% of total energy (% TE), respectively. Polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA), omega 6, omega 3 and alpha-linolenic acid showed increases of 1.0, 0.8, 0.2 and 0.1% TE, respectively. Compliance with total fat, MUFA and trans-fat recommendations remained adequate (100%). Adherence to SFA and PUFA recommendations improved from 18 to 63%, and 80 to 100%, respectively. Conclusion: The food-exchange model decreased SFA intakes and increased PUFA intakes, suggesting modest dietary changes to children’s diets can effectively improve their overall dietary fat profile.
{"title":"A food-exchange model for achieving the recommended dietary intakes for saturated fat in Irish children: analysis from the cross-sectional National Children’s Food Survey II","authors":"Aileen O’Connor, Maria Buffini, Anne P Nugent, Laura Kehoe, Albert Flynn, Janette Walton, John Kearney, Breige McNulty","doi":"10.1017/s1368980024000971","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/s1368980024000971","url":null,"abstract":"Objective: To identify the main foods determining saturated fatty acid (SFA) intakes and model the impact of food exchanges to improve compliance with dietary fat recommendations in Irish children. Design: Estimated food and nutrient intakes were obtained from a cross-sectional study, the National Children’s Food Survey II. Participants were categorised into low, medium, and high SFA consumers, and the contribution of food categories to SFA intakes were compared. A food-exchange model was developed, whereby a selected range of high SFA foods were exchanged with lower SFA or unsaturated fat alternatives. Setting: Participants were randomly selected from primary schools throughout the Republic of Ireland. Participants: A representative sample of 600 Irish children (5–12 years). Results: The main determinants of low and high SFA consumers were milk, cheese, and butter. These foods, including snack foods, and meat and meat products, were considered exchangeable foods within the model. Compared with baseline data, modelled intakes for total fat, SFA, monounsaturated fatty acids (MUFA) and <jats:italic>trans</jats:italic>-fat presented decreases of 3.2, 2.7, 1.6 and <0.1% of total energy (% TE), respectively. Polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA), omega 6, omega 3 and alpha-linolenic acid showed increases of 1.0, 0.8, 0.2 and 0.1% TE, respectively. Compliance with total fat, MUFA and <jats:italic>trans</jats:italic>-fat recommendations remained adequate (100%). Adherence to SFA and PUFA recommendations improved from 18 to 63%, and 80 to 100%, respectively. Conclusion: The food-exchange model decreased SFA intakes and increased PUFA intakes, suggesting modest dietary changes to children’s diets can effectively improve their overall dietary fat profile.","PeriodicalId":20951,"journal":{"name":"Public Health Nutrition","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2024-05-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140832555","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-05-03DOI: 10.1017/s1368980024001022
Emily K. Round, Sarah Weatherston, Paul B. Stretesky, Margaret Anne Defeyter
Objective: The present study investigated potential predictors of food insecurity among UK university students during the COVID-19 pandemic. Design: Close-ended questionnaire administered to a cross-sectional sample of UK university students. Setting: Data were collected using an online survey platform in October 2020, during the COVID-19 pandemic. Participants: A nationally representative sample of UK university students (n=640). Results: Odds ratios obtained from logistic regression were statistically significant for three measures of economic hardship. First, students who relied on financial aid from student loans were 1.9 times more likely to report being food insecure than students who did not rely on financial aid from student loans. Second, students who could not pay their utility bill (vs. those that could pay) were 3.1 times the odds of being food insecure. Finally, as perceived difficulty in paying for accommodation increased across the sample, the odds of being food insecure also increased (OR= 1.9). We also found that students who were recently ill were 2.2 times more likely to be food insecure compared to students who were not recently ill. We did not find any evidence that testing positive for Covid-19 predicted food insecurity, and university supplied food parcels/boxes did not reduce student food insecurity. Conclusions: Both economic factors and illness play a significant role in self-reported food insecurity in higher education students during pandemic lockdown. Further research is needed to explore food insecurity, economic factors, and illness outside of a pandemic context.
{"title":"Predicting Food Insecurity Among UK University Students During the COVID-19 Pandemic","authors":"Emily K. Round, Sarah Weatherston, Paul B. Stretesky, Margaret Anne Defeyter","doi":"10.1017/s1368980024001022","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/s1368980024001022","url":null,"abstract":"Objective: The present study investigated potential predictors of food insecurity among UK university students during the COVID-19 pandemic. Design: Close-ended questionnaire administered to a cross-sectional sample of UK university students. Setting: Data were collected using an online survey platform in October 2020, during the COVID-19 pandemic. Participants: A nationally representative sample of UK university students (<jats:italic>n</jats:italic>=640). Results: Odds ratios obtained from logistic regression were statistically significant for three measures of economic hardship. First, students who relied on financial aid from student loans were 1.9 times more likely to report being food insecure than students who did not rely on financial aid from student loans. Second, students who could not pay their utility bill (vs. those that could pay) were 3.1 times the odds of being food insecure. Finally, as perceived difficulty in paying for accommodation increased across the sample, the odds of being food insecure also increased (OR= 1.9). We also found that students who were recently ill were 2.2 times more likely to be food insecure compared to students who were not recently ill. We did not find any evidence that testing positive for Covid-19 predicted food insecurity, and university supplied food parcels/boxes did not reduce student food insecurity. Conclusions: Both economic factors and illness play a significant role in self-reported food insecurity in higher education students during pandemic lockdown. Further research is needed to explore food insecurity, economic factors, and illness outside of a pandemic context.","PeriodicalId":20951,"journal":{"name":"Public Health Nutrition","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2024-05-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140841863","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-04-29DOI: 10.1017/s1368980024000958
Ryan Gage, Wei Liu, Amber L. Pearson, Moira Smith, Michelle Barr, Ashton Shortridge, Louise Signal
Objective: Reducing children’s exposure to unhealthy food marketing is crucial to combat childhood obesity. We aimed to estimate the reduction of children’s exposure to food marketing under different policy scenarios and assess exposure differences by socioeconomic status. Design: Data on children’s exposure to unhealthy food marketing was compiled from a previous cross-sectional study in which children (n=168) wore wearable cameras and GPS units for four consecutive days. For each exposure, we identified the setting, the marketing medium and food/beverage product category. We analyzed the percentage reduction in food marketing exposure for ten policy scenarios and by socioeconomic deprivation: 1) no product packaging, 2) no merchandise marketing, 3) no sugary drink marketing, 4) no confectionary marketing in schools, 5) no sugary drink marketing in schools, 6) no marketing in public spaces, 7) no marketing within 400m of schools, 8) no marketing within 400m of recreation venues, 9) no marketing within 400m of bus stops, and 10) no marketing within 400m of major roads. Setting: Wellington region of New Zealand. Participants: 168 children aged 11-14 years. Results: Exposure to food marketing varied by setting, marketing medium and product category. Among the 10 policy scenarios, the largest reductions were for plain packaging (60.3%), no sugary drink marketing (28.8%) and no marketing in public spaces (22.2%). There were no differences by socioeconomic deprivation. Conclusions: The results suggest that plain packaging would result in the greatest decrease in children’s exposure to food marketing. However, given that children are regularly exposed to unhealthy food marketing in multiple settings through a range of marketing mediums, comprehensive bans are needed to protect children’s health.
{"title":"Comparison of ten policy options to equitably reduce children’s exposure to unhealthy food marketing","authors":"Ryan Gage, Wei Liu, Amber L. Pearson, Moira Smith, Michelle Barr, Ashton Shortridge, Louise Signal","doi":"10.1017/s1368980024000958","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/s1368980024000958","url":null,"abstract":"Objective: Reducing children’s exposure to unhealthy food marketing is crucial to combat childhood obesity. We aimed to estimate the reduction of children’s exposure to food marketing under different policy scenarios and assess exposure differences by socioeconomic status. Design: Data on children’s exposure to unhealthy food marketing was compiled from a previous cross-sectional study in which children (n=168) wore wearable cameras and GPS units for four consecutive days. For each exposure, we identified the setting, the marketing medium and food/beverage product category. We analyzed the percentage reduction in food marketing exposure for ten policy scenarios and by socioeconomic deprivation: 1) no product packaging, 2) no merchandise marketing, 3) no sugary drink marketing, 4) no confectionary marketing in schools, 5) no sugary drink marketing in schools, 6) no marketing in public spaces, 7) no marketing within 400m of schools, 8) no marketing within 400m of recreation venues, 9) no marketing within 400m of bus stops, and 10) no marketing within 400m of major roads. Setting: Wellington region of New Zealand. Participants: 168 children aged 11-14 years. Results: Exposure to food marketing varied by setting, marketing medium and product category. Among the 10 policy scenarios, the largest reductions were for plain packaging (60.3%), no sugary drink marketing (28.8%) and no marketing in public spaces (22.2%). There were no differences by socioeconomic deprivation. Conclusions: The results suggest that plain packaging would result in the greatest decrease in children’s exposure to food marketing. However, given that children are regularly exposed to unhealthy food marketing in multiple settings through a range of marketing mediums, comprehensive bans are needed to protect children’s health.","PeriodicalId":20951,"journal":{"name":"Public Health Nutrition","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2024-04-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140832801","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}