Pub Date : 2024-12-01Epub Date: 2024-05-07DOI: 10.1007/s11302-024-10010-5
Marco Alveal, Andrea Méndez, Aline García, Mauricio Henríquez
Purinergic signaling is a crucial determinant in the regulation of pulmonary vascular physiology and presents a promising avenue for addressing lung diseases. This intricate signaling system encompasses two primary receptor classes: P1 and P2 receptors. P1 receptors selectively bind adenosine, while P2 receptors exhibit an affinity for ATP, ADP, UTP, and UDP. Functionally, P1 receptors are associated with vasodilation, while P2 receptors mediate vasoconstriction, particularly in basally relaxed vessels, through modulation of intracellular Ca2+ levels. The P2X subtype receptors facilitate extracellular Ca2+ influx, while the P2Y subtype receptors are linked to endoplasmic reticulum Ca2+ release. Notably, the primary receptor responsible for ATP-induced vasoconstriction is P2X1, with α,β-meATP and UDP being identified as potent vasoconstrictor agonists. Interestingly, ATP has been shown to induce endothelium-dependent vasodilation in pre-constricted vessels, associated with nitric oxide (NO) release. In the context of P1 receptors, adenosine stimulation of pulmonary vessels has been unequivocally demonstrated to induce vasodilation, with a clear dependency on the A2B receptor, as evidenced in studies involving guinea pigs and rats. Importantly, evidence strongly suggests that this vasodilation occurs independently of endothelium-mediated mechanisms. Furthermore, studies have revealed variations in the expression of purinergic receptors across different vessel sizes, with reports indicating notably higher expression of P2Y1, P2Y2, and P2Y4 receptors in small pulmonary arteries. While the existing evidence in this area is still emerging, it underscores the urgent need for a comprehensive examination of the specific characteristics of purinergic signaling in the regulation of pulmonary vascular tone, particularly focusing on the disparities observed across different intrapulmonary vessel sizes. Consequently, this review aims to meticulously explore the current evidence regarding the role of purinergic signaling in pulmonary vascular tone regulation, with a specific emphasis on the variations observed in intrapulmonary vessel sizes. This endeavor is critical, as purinergic signaling holds substantial promise in the modulation of vascular tone and in the proactive prevention and treatment of pulmonary vascular diseases.
{"title":"Purinergic regulation of pulmonary vascular tone.","authors":"Marco Alveal, Andrea Méndez, Aline García, Mauricio Henríquez","doi":"10.1007/s11302-024-10010-5","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s11302-024-10010-5","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Purinergic signaling is a crucial determinant in the regulation of pulmonary vascular physiology and presents a promising avenue for addressing lung diseases. This intricate signaling system encompasses two primary receptor classes: P1 and P2 receptors. P1 receptors selectively bind adenosine, while P2 receptors exhibit an affinity for ATP, ADP, UTP, and UDP. Functionally, P1 receptors are associated with vasodilation, while P2 receptors mediate vasoconstriction, particularly in basally relaxed vessels, through modulation of intracellular Ca<sup>2+</sup> levels. The P2X subtype receptors facilitate extracellular Ca<sup>2+</sup> influx, while the P2Y subtype receptors are linked to endoplasmic reticulum Ca<sup>2+</sup> release. Notably, the primary receptor responsible for ATP-induced vasoconstriction is P2X1, with α,β-meATP and UDP being identified as potent vasoconstrictor agonists. Interestingly, ATP has been shown to induce endothelium-dependent vasodilation in pre-constricted vessels, associated with nitric oxide (NO) release. In the context of P1 receptors, adenosine stimulation of pulmonary vessels has been unequivocally demonstrated to induce vasodilation, with a clear dependency on the A<sub>2B</sub> receptor, as evidenced in studies involving guinea pigs and rats. Importantly, evidence strongly suggests that this vasodilation occurs independently of endothelium-mediated mechanisms. Furthermore, studies have revealed variations in the expression of purinergic receptors across different vessel sizes, with reports indicating notably higher expression of P2Y<sub>1</sub>, P2Y<sub>2</sub>, and P2Y<sub>4</sub> receptors in small pulmonary arteries. While the existing evidence in this area is still emerging, it underscores the urgent need for a comprehensive examination of the specific characteristics of purinergic signaling in the regulation of pulmonary vascular tone, particularly focusing on the disparities observed across different intrapulmonary vessel sizes. Consequently, this review aims to meticulously explore the current evidence regarding the role of purinergic signaling in pulmonary vascular tone regulation, with a specific emphasis on the variations observed in intrapulmonary vessel sizes. This endeavor is critical, as purinergic signaling holds substantial promise in the modulation of vascular tone and in the proactive prevention and treatment of pulmonary vascular diseases.</p>","PeriodicalId":20952,"journal":{"name":"Purinergic Signalling","volume":" ","pages":"595-606"},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2024-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11554604/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140857415","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-12-01Epub Date: 2024-05-16DOI: 10.1007/s11302-024-10020-3
Paula C L Faria, Rackel S Resende, Andréia M Cardoso
Cervical cancer ranks as the fourth most common and fatal cancer among women worldwide. Studies have demonstrated a strong association between purinergic platelet signaling and tumor progression in this type of cancer. The literature shows that neoplastic cells, when in the bloodstream, secrete adenosine triphosphate (ATP) and adenosine nucleotide diphosphate (ADP) that act on their corresponding platelet P2Y and P2X receptors. The interaction of these nucleotides with their receptors results in platelet activation and degranulation, ensuing several consequences, such as vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), platelet-derived growth factor, matrix metalloproteinases, ADP, and ATP. These molecules play essential roles in angiogenesis and tumor metastasis in cervical cancer. Several purinergic receptors are found in endothelial cells. Their activation, especially P2Y2, by the nucleotides released by platelets can induce relaxation of the endothelial barrier and consequent extravasation of tumor cells, promoting the development of metastases. Cancer cells that enter the bloodstream during the metastatic process are also subject to high shear stress and immune surveillance. In this context, activated platelets bind to circulating tumor cells and protect them against shear stress and the host's immune system, especially against natural killer cells, facilitating their spread throughout the body. Furthermore, activation of the P2Y12 receptor present on the platelet surface promotes the release of VEGF, the main inducer of angiogenesis in cervical cancer, in addition to increasing the concentration of several other pro-angiogenic molecules. Therefore, this review will address the role of platelet purinergic signaling in tumor progression of cervical cancer and propose possible therapeutic targets.
{"title":"Metastasis and angiogenesis in cervical cancer: key aspects of purinergic signaling in platelets and possible therapeutic targets.","authors":"Paula C L Faria, Rackel S Resende, Andréia M Cardoso","doi":"10.1007/s11302-024-10020-3","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s11302-024-10020-3","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Cervical cancer ranks as the fourth most common and fatal cancer among women worldwide. Studies have demonstrated a strong association between purinergic platelet signaling and tumor progression in this type of cancer. The literature shows that neoplastic cells, when in the bloodstream, secrete adenosine triphosphate (ATP) and adenosine nucleotide diphosphate (ADP) that act on their corresponding platelet P2Y and P2X receptors. The interaction of these nucleotides with their receptors results in platelet activation and degranulation, ensuing several consequences, such as vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), platelet-derived growth factor, matrix metalloproteinases, ADP, and ATP. These molecules play essential roles in angiogenesis and tumor metastasis in cervical cancer. Several purinergic receptors are found in endothelial cells. Their activation, especially P2Y2, by the nucleotides released by platelets can induce relaxation of the endothelial barrier and consequent extravasation of tumor cells, promoting the development of metastases. Cancer cells that enter the bloodstream during the metastatic process are also subject to high shear stress and immune surveillance. In this context, activated platelets bind to circulating tumor cells and protect them against shear stress and the host's immune system, especially against natural killer cells, facilitating their spread throughout the body. Furthermore, activation of the P2Y12 receptor present on the platelet surface promotes the release of VEGF, the main inducer of angiogenesis in cervical cancer, in addition to increasing the concentration of several other pro-angiogenic molecules. Therefore, this review will address the role of platelet purinergic signaling in tumor progression of cervical cancer and propose possible therapeutic targets.</p>","PeriodicalId":20952,"journal":{"name":"Purinergic Signalling","volume":" ","pages":"607-616"},"PeriodicalIF":4.3,"publicationDate":"2024-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11554953/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140945828","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-12-01Epub Date: 2024-05-20DOI: 10.1007/s11302-024-10018-x
Anna Fortuny-Gomez, Samuel J Fountain
There is growing interest in the P2X4 receptor as a therapeutic target for several cardiovascular, inflammatory and neurological conditions. Key to exploring the physiological and pathophysiological roles of P2X4 is access to selective compounds to probe function in cells, tissues and animal models. There has been a recent growth in selective antagonists for P2X4, though agonist selectivity is less well studied. As there are some known pharmacological differences between P2X receptors from different species, it is important to understand these differences when designing a pharmacological strategy to probe P2X4 function in human tissue and mouse models. Here, we provide a systematic comparison of agonist and antagonist pharmacology in 1321N1 cells expressing either human or mouse P2X4 orthologues. We identify a rank order of agonist potency of ATP > 2-MeSATP > αβmeATP = BzATP > CTP = γ-[(propargyl)-imido]-ATP for human P2X4 and ATP > 2-MeSATP = CTP > ATPγS = γ-[(propargyl)-imido]-ATP = BzATP for mouse. Human P2X4 is not activated by ATPγS but can be activated by αβmeATP. We identify a rank order of antagonist potency of BAY-1797 = PSB-12062 = BX-430 > 5-BDBD > TNP-ATP = PPADS for human P2X4 and BAY-1797 > PSB-12062 = PPADS > TNP-ATP for mouse. Mouse P2X4 is not antagonised by 5-BDBD or BX-430. The study reveals key pharmacological differences between human and mouse P2X4, highlighting caution when selecting tools for comparative studies between human and mouse and ascribing cellular responses of some commonly used agonists to P2X4.
{"title":"Pharmacological differences between human and mouse P2X4 receptor explored using old and new tools.","authors":"Anna Fortuny-Gomez, Samuel J Fountain","doi":"10.1007/s11302-024-10018-x","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s11302-024-10018-x","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>There is growing interest in the P2X4 receptor as a therapeutic target for several cardiovascular, inflammatory and neurological conditions. Key to exploring the physiological and pathophysiological roles of P2X4 is access to selective compounds to probe function in cells, tissues and animal models. There has been a recent growth in selective antagonists for P2X4, though agonist selectivity is less well studied. As there are some known pharmacological differences between P2X receptors from different species, it is important to understand these differences when designing a pharmacological strategy to probe P2X4 function in human tissue and mouse models. Here, we provide a systematic comparison of agonist and antagonist pharmacology in 1321N1 cells expressing either human or mouse P2X4 orthologues. We identify a rank order of agonist potency of ATP > 2-MeSATP > αβmeATP = BzATP > CTP = γ-[(propargyl)-imido]-ATP for human P2X4 and ATP > 2-MeSATP = CTP > ATPγS = γ-[(propargyl)-imido]-ATP = BzATP for mouse. Human P2X4 is not activated by ATPγS but can be activated by αβmeATP. We identify a rank order of antagonist potency of BAY-1797 = PSB-12062 = BX-430 > 5-BDBD > TNP-ATP = PPADS for human P2X4 and BAY-1797 > PSB-12062 = PPADS > TNP-ATP for mouse. Mouse P2X4 is not antagonised by 5-BDBD or BX-430. The study reveals key pharmacological differences between human and mouse P2X4, highlighting caution when selecting tools for comparative studies between human and mouse and ascribing cellular responses of some commonly used agonists to P2X4.</p>","PeriodicalId":20952,"journal":{"name":"Purinergic Signalling","volume":" ","pages":"659-667"},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2024-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11554605/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141065551","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-12-01Epub Date: 2024-05-25DOI: 10.1007/s11302-024-10005-2
Jessica Nagel, Olli Törmäkangas, Katja Kuokkanen, Ali El-Tayeb, Josef Messinger, Aliaa Abdelrahman, Christiane Bous, Anke C Schiedel, Christa E Müller
P2X4 receptors are ATP-gated cation channels that were proposed as novel drug targets due to their role in inflammation and neuropathic pain. Only few potent and selective P2X4 receptor antagonists have been described to date. Labeled tool compounds suitable for P2X4 receptor binding studies are lacking. Here, we present a novel allosteric P2X4 receptor antagonist possessing high potency in the low nanomolar range. We describe its tritium-labeling resulting in the P2X4-selective radiotracer [3H]PSB-OR-2020 with high specific activity (45 Ci/mmol; 1.67 TBq/mmol). A radioligand binding assay was developed using human embryonic kidney (HEK293) cell membranes recombinantly expressing the human P2X4 receptor. Competition binding studies with structurally diverse P2X4 receptor antagonists revealed different allosteric binding sites indicating that the new class of P2X4 receptor antagonists, to which PSB-OR-2020 belongs, interacts with an unprecedented allosteric site. [3H]PSB-OR-2020 may become a useful tool for research on P2X4 receptors and for promoting drug development.
{"title":"Preparation and preliminary evaluation of a tritium-labeled allosteric P2X4 receptor antagonist.","authors":"Jessica Nagel, Olli Törmäkangas, Katja Kuokkanen, Ali El-Tayeb, Josef Messinger, Aliaa Abdelrahman, Christiane Bous, Anke C Schiedel, Christa E Müller","doi":"10.1007/s11302-024-10005-2","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s11302-024-10005-2","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>P2X4 receptors are ATP-gated cation channels that were proposed as novel drug targets due to their role in inflammation and neuropathic pain. Only few potent and selective P2X4 receptor antagonists have been described to date. Labeled tool compounds suitable for P2X4 receptor binding studies are lacking. Here, we present a novel allosteric P2X4 receptor antagonist possessing high potency in the low nanomolar range. We describe its tritium-labeling resulting in the P2X4-selective radiotracer [<sup>3</sup>H]PSB-OR-2020 with high specific activity (45 Ci/mmol; 1.67 TBq/mmol). A radioligand binding assay was developed using human embryonic kidney (HEK293) cell membranes recombinantly expressing the human P2X4 receptor. Competition binding studies with structurally diverse P2X4 receptor antagonists revealed different allosteric binding sites indicating that the new class of P2X4 receptor antagonists, to which PSB-OR-2020 belongs, interacts with an unprecedented allosteric site. [<sup>3</sup>H]PSB-OR-2020 may become a useful tool for research on P2X4 receptors and for promoting drug development.</p>","PeriodicalId":20952,"journal":{"name":"Purinergic Signalling","volume":" ","pages":"645-656"},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2024-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11555173/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141097011","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-12-01Epub Date: 2024-05-10DOI: 10.1007/s11302-024-10014-1
Bijay Parajuli, Schuichi Koizumi
{"title":"Unexpected role of microglia and P2Y<sub>12</sub> in the induction of and emergence from anesthesia.","authors":"Bijay Parajuli, Schuichi Koizumi","doi":"10.1007/s11302-024-10014-1","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s11302-024-10014-1","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":20952,"journal":{"name":"Purinergic Signalling","volume":" ","pages":"573-575"},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2024-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11554972/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140896098","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-12-01Epub Date: 2024-03-25DOI: 10.1007/s11302-024-10003-4
Ana C Puhl, Sarah A Lewicki, Zhan-Guo Gao, Asmita Pramanik, Vadim Makarov, Sean Ekins, Kenneth A Jacobson
The P2Y6 receptor, activated by uridine diphosphate (UDP), is a target for antagonists in inflammatory, neurodegenerative, and metabolic disorders, yet few potent and selective antagonists are known to date. This prompted us to use machine learning as a novel approach to aid ligand discovery, with pharmacological evaluation at three P2YR subtypes: initially P2Y6 and subsequently P2Y1 and P2Y14. Relying on extensive published data for P2Y6R agonists, we generated and validated an array of classification machine learning model using the algorithms deep learning (DL), adaboost classifier (ada), Bernoulli NB (bnb), k-nearest neighbors (kNN) classifier, logistic regression (lreg), random forest classifier (rf), support vector classification (SVC), and XGBoost (XGB) classifier models, and the common consensus was applied to molecular selection of 21 diverse structures. Compounds were screened using human P2Y6R-induced functional calcium transients in transfected 1321N1 astrocytoma cells and fluorescent binding inhibition at closely related hP2Y14R expressed in CHO cells. The hit compound ABBV-744, an experimental anticancer drug with a 6-methyl-7-oxo-6,7-dihydro-1H-pyrrolo[2,3-c]pyridine scaffold, had multifaceted interactions with the P2YR family: hP2Y6R inhibition in a non-surmountable fashion, suggesting that noncompetitive antagonism, and hP2Y1R enhancement, but not hP2Y14R binding inhibition. Other machine learning-selected compounds were either weak (experimental anti-asthmatic drug AZD5423 with a phenyl-1H-indazole scaffold) or inactive in inhibiting the hP2Y6R. Experimental drugs TAK-593 and GSK1070916 (100 µM) inhibited P2Y14R fluorescent binding by 50% and 38%, respectively, and all other compounds by < 20%. Thus, machine learning has led the way toward revealing previously unknown modulators of several P2YR subtypes that have varied effects.
{"title":"Machine learning-aided search for ligands of P2Y<sub>6</sub> and other P2Y receptors.","authors":"Ana C Puhl, Sarah A Lewicki, Zhan-Guo Gao, Asmita Pramanik, Vadim Makarov, Sean Ekins, Kenneth A Jacobson","doi":"10.1007/s11302-024-10003-4","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s11302-024-10003-4","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The P2Y<sub>6</sub> receptor, activated by uridine diphosphate (UDP), is a target for antagonists in inflammatory, neurodegenerative, and metabolic disorders, yet few potent and selective antagonists are known to date. This prompted us to use machine learning as a novel approach to aid ligand discovery, with pharmacological evaluation at three P2YR subtypes: initially P2Y<sub>6</sub> and subsequently P2Y<sub>1</sub> and P2Y<sub>14</sub>. Relying on extensive published data for P2Y<sub>6</sub>R agonists, we generated and validated an array of classification machine learning model using the algorithms deep learning (DL), adaboost classifier (ada), Bernoulli NB (bnb), k-nearest neighbors (kNN) classifier, logistic regression (lreg), random forest classifier (rf), support vector classification (SVC), and XGBoost (XGB) classifier models, and the common consensus was applied to molecular selection of 21 diverse structures. Compounds were screened using human P2Y<sub>6</sub>R-induced functional calcium transients in transfected 1321N1 astrocytoma cells and fluorescent binding inhibition at closely related hP2Y<sub>14</sub>R expressed in CHO cells. The hit compound ABBV-744, an experimental anticancer drug with a 6-methyl-7-oxo-6,7-dihydro-1H-pyrrolo[2,3-c]pyridine scaffold, had multifaceted interactions with the P2YR family: hP2Y<sub>6</sub>R inhibition in a non-surmountable fashion, suggesting that noncompetitive antagonism, and hP2Y<sub>1</sub>R enhancement, but not hP2Y<sub>14</sub>R binding inhibition. Other machine learning-selected compounds were either weak (experimental anti-asthmatic drug AZD5423 with a phenyl-1H-indazole scaffold) or inactive in inhibiting the hP2Y<sub>6</sub>R. Experimental drugs TAK-593 and GSK1070916 (100 µM) inhibited P2Y<sub>14</sub>R fluorescent binding by 50% and 38%, respectively, and all other compounds by < 20%. Thus, machine learning has led the way toward revealing previously unknown modulators of several P2YR subtypes that have varied effects.</p>","PeriodicalId":20952,"journal":{"name":"Purinergic Signalling","volume":" ","pages":"617-627"},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2024-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11554998/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140288821","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-12-01Epub Date: 2024-05-27DOI: 10.1007/s11302-024-10021-2
Abdel-Aziz S Shatat, Elsayed M Mahgoup, Mohammed H Rashed, Ibrahim G Saleh, El-Sayed Akool
One of the leading causes of cancer-related deaths worldwide is colorectal cancer (CRC). Extracellular ATP (e-ATP) and purinergic receptors (P2R) play a central role in CRC proliferation and progression. Human antigen R (HuR) is becoming more and more understood to be essential for the expression of genes linked to cancer. The current study demonstrates that ATP can mediate CRC (Caco-2 cells) progression via induction of HuR nucleocytoplasmic shuttling and subsequent expression of cancer-related genes, a consequence mostly mediated via the P2R receptor. It was also noted that suppression of HuR activity by using dihydrotanshinone I (DHTS) prevents cancer-related gene expression and subsequent CRC (Caco-2 cells) progression induced by ATP. The expression of cyclin A2/cyclin-dependent kinase 2 (CDK2), Bcl-2, ProT-α, hypoxia-inducible factor1-α (HIF1-α), vascular endothelial growth factor A (VEGF-A), transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β) and matrix metallopeptidase 9 (MMP-9) induced by ATP were highly reduced in the presence of either PPADS (non-selective P2R antagonist) or DHTS. In addition, e-ATP-induced Caco-2 cell proliferation as well as cell survival were highly reduced in the presence of either PPADS or DHTS or selective CDK-2 inhibitor (Roscovitine) or selective Bcl-2 inhibitor (ABT-263). Furthermore, it was found that MMP-9 is critical for Caco-2 cells migration induced by e-ATP as demonstrated by a clear reduction in cells migration in the presence of a selective MMP-9 inhibitor (Marimastat). Collectively, these data demonstrate that ATP through P2R activation can induce HuR nucleocytoplasmic shuttling that could be translated into an increase in cancer-related genes expression and subsequent, cell proliferation and progression.
{"title":"Molecular mechanisms of extracellular-ATP-mediated colorectal cancer progression: Implication of purinergic receptors-mediated nucleocytoplasmic shuttling of HuR.","authors":"Abdel-Aziz S Shatat, Elsayed M Mahgoup, Mohammed H Rashed, Ibrahim G Saleh, El-Sayed Akool","doi":"10.1007/s11302-024-10021-2","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s11302-024-10021-2","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>One of the leading causes of cancer-related deaths worldwide is colorectal cancer (CRC). Extracellular ATP (e-ATP) and purinergic receptors (P2R) play a central role in CRC proliferation and progression. Human antigen R (HuR) is becoming more and more understood to be essential for the expression of genes linked to cancer. The current study demonstrates that ATP can mediate CRC (Caco-2 cells) progression via induction of HuR nucleocytoplasmic shuttling and subsequent expression of cancer-related genes, a consequence mostly mediated via the P2R receptor. It was also noted that suppression of HuR activity by using dihydrotanshinone I (DHTS) prevents cancer-related gene expression and subsequent CRC (Caco-2 cells) progression induced by ATP. The expression of cyclin A2/cyclin-dependent kinase 2 (CDK2), Bcl-2, ProT-α, hypoxia-inducible factor1-α (HIF1-α), vascular endothelial growth factor A (VEGF-A), transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β) and matrix metallopeptidase 9 (MMP-9) induced by ATP were highly reduced in the presence of either PPADS (non-selective P2R antagonist) or DHTS. In addition, e-ATP-induced Caco-2 cell proliferation as well as cell survival were highly reduced in the presence of either PPADS or DHTS or selective CDK-2 inhibitor (Roscovitine) or selective Bcl-2 inhibitor (ABT-263). Furthermore, it was found that MMP-9 is critical for Caco-2 cells migration induced by e-ATP as demonstrated by a clear reduction in cells migration in the presence of a selective MMP-9 inhibitor (Marimastat). Collectively, these data demonstrate that ATP through P2R activation can induce HuR nucleocytoplasmic shuttling that could be translated into an increase in cancer-related genes expression and subsequent, cell proliferation and progression.</p>","PeriodicalId":20952,"journal":{"name":"Purinergic Signalling","volume":" ","pages":"669-680"},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2024-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11554961/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141155008","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-12-01Epub Date: 2024-05-08DOI: 10.1007/s11302-024-10015-0
Basu Chakrabarty, Bahareh Vahabi
{"title":"Role of ecto-5'-nucleotidase in bladder function activity and smooth muscle contractility.","authors":"Basu Chakrabarty, Bahareh Vahabi","doi":"10.1007/s11302-024-10015-0","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s11302-024-10015-0","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":20952,"journal":{"name":"Purinergic Signalling","volume":" ","pages":"577-579"},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2024-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11555164/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140892455","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-11-16DOI: 10.1007/s11302-024-10064-5
Xinxing Tantai, Xin Yang, Xinyuan Liu, Xiao Yang
The P2X7 receptor, an ATP-gated ion channel which belongs to the P2X receptor family, plays critical roles in recognizing extracellular adenosine 5'-triphosphate (ATP) and is widely expressed in most tumor cells as well as inflammatory cells. Previously, the P2X7 receptor has been demonstrated to modulate the progression of various malignancies, including glioblastoma, pancreatic cancer, lung cancer, leukemia, and lymphoma. However, the biological function and prognostic values of P2X7 receptor in hepatocellular carcinoma remain to be determined. Here, we investigated the expression level of P2X7 receptor in patients with hepatocellular carcinoma. Then MTS and EdU assays were carried out to study the role of P2X7 receptor blockade in the proliferation of hepatocellular carcinoma cells. In addition, the underlying mechanism was further elucidated by bulk RNAseq. Compared to the control group, the P2X7 receptor was significantly up-regulated in the hepatocellular carcinoma group. Interestingly, A740003 and A438079, two selective antagonists at P2X7 receptor, significantly blocked Ca2+ influx and decreased the proliferative rate of hepatocellular carcinoma cells. Furthermore, the expression level of chondroitin sulfate synthase 1 (CHSY1), an enzyme that mediates the polymerization step of chondroitin sulfate, was reduced by both A740003 and A438079. In conclusion, inhibition of the P2X7 receptor attenuated the proliferation of hepatocellular carcinoma cells, and this process was largely modulated by CHSY1. Thus, our findings reveal a previously unknown role for P2X7 receptor in the proliferation of hepatocellular carcinoma cells and imply that the P2X7 receptor may represent a new target for the treatment of hepatocellular carcinoma.
{"title":"Antagonism of the ATP-gated P2X7 receptor inhibits the proliferation of hepatocellular carcinoma cells.","authors":"Xinxing Tantai, Xin Yang, Xinyuan Liu, Xiao Yang","doi":"10.1007/s11302-024-10064-5","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s11302-024-10064-5","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The P2X7 receptor, an ATP-gated ion channel which belongs to the P2X receptor family, plays critical roles in recognizing extracellular adenosine 5'-triphosphate (ATP) and is widely expressed in most tumor cells as well as inflammatory cells. Previously, the P2X7 receptor has been demonstrated to modulate the progression of various malignancies, including glioblastoma, pancreatic cancer, lung cancer, leukemia, and lymphoma. However, the biological function and prognostic values of P2X7 receptor in hepatocellular carcinoma remain to be determined. Here, we investigated the expression level of P2X7 receptor in patients with hepatocellular carcinoma. Then MTS and EdU assays were carried out to study the role of P2X7 receptor blockade in the proliferation of hepatocellular carcinoma cells. In addition, the underlying mechanism was further elucidated by bulk RNAseq. Compared to the control group, the P2X7 receptor was significantly up-regulated in the hepatocellular carcinoma group. Interestingly, A740003 and A438079, two selective antagonists at P2X7 receptor, significantly blocked Ca<sup>2+</sup> influx and decreased the proliferative rate of hepatocellular carcinoma cells. Furthermore, the expression level of chondroitin sulfate synthase 1 (CHSY1), an enzyme that mediates the polymerization step of chondroitin sulfate, was reduced by both A740003 and A438079. In conclusion, inhibition of the P2X7 receptor attenuated the proliferation of hepatocellular carcinoma cells, and this process was largely modulated by CHSY1. Thus, our findings reveal a previously unknown role for P2X7 receptor in the proliferation of hepatocellular carcinoma cells and imply that the P2X7 receptor may represent a new target for the treatment of hepatocellular carcinoma.</p>","PeriodicalId":20952,"journal":{"name":"Purinergic Signalling","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2024-11-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142644663","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-11-15DOI: 10.1007/s11302-024-10065-4
Yu-Jia Li, Jie Lin, Si-Qi Tang, Wei-Min Zuo, Guang-Hong Ding, Xue-Yong Shen, Li-Na Wang
Our previous work had identified that at the acupuncture point (acupoint), acupuncture-induced ATP release was a pivotal event in the initiation of analgesia. We aimed to further elucidate the degradation of ATP by CD39. Acupuncture was administered at Zusanli acupoint on arthritis rats, and pain thresholds of the hindpaws were determined. Pharmacological tools or adeno-associated viruses were administered at the acupoints to interfere with targeting signals. Protein expression was determined with qRT-PCR, WB, or immunofluorescent labeling. Cultured keratinocytes, HaCaT line, were subjected to hypotonic shock to simulate needling stimulation. Extracellular ATP and adenosine levels were quantified using luciferase-luciferin assay and ELISA, respectively. Acupuncture-induced prompt analgesia was impaired by inhibiting CD39 activities to prevent the degradation of ATP to AMP but was mimicked by using CD39 agonists. Acupuncture-induced ATP accumulation exhibited synchronous changes. Similarly, acupuncture analgesia was hindered by suppressing CD73 to prevent the conversion of AMP to adenosine. Furthermore, the acupuncture effect was replicated by agonism at P2Y2Rs but inhibited by antagonism at them. Acupuncture upregulated CD73 and P2Y2Rs but not CD39. Immunofluorescent labeling demonstrated that keratinocytes were a primary site for these proteins. Shallow acupuncture also demonstrated antinociception. In vitro tests showed that hypotonic shock induced HaCaT cells to release ATP and adenosine, which was impaired by suppressing CD39 and CD73, respectively. Finally, agonism at P2Y2Rs promoted ATP release and [Ca2+]i rise. CD39 at the acupoints contributes to the analgesic mechanism of acupuncture. It may facilitate adenosine signaling in conjunction with CD73 or provide an appropriate ATP milieu for P2Y2Rs. Skin tissue may be one of the scenes for these signalings.
我们之前的研究发现,在穴位处,针刺诱导的 ATP 释放是启动镇痛的关键事件。我们的目的是进一步阐明 CD39 对 ATP 的降解作用。我们针刺了关节炎大鼠的足三里穴,并测定了大鼠后爪的痛阈。在穴位处注射药理工具或腺相关病毒以干扰靶向信号。通过 qRT-PCR、WB 或免疫荧光标记测定蛋白质表达。对培养的 HaCaT 系角质细胞进行低渗休克,以模拟针刺刺激。细胞外 ATP 和腺苷水平分别用荧光素酶-荧光素测定法和酶联免疫吸附法进行量化。通过抑制CD39活性以阻止ATP降解为AMP,针刺诱导的快速镇痛受到影响,但使用CD39激动剂可模拟针刺诱导的快速镇痛。针刺诱导的 ATP 积累呈现同步变化。同样,抑制 CD73 以阻止 AMP 转化为腺苷,也会阻碍针刺镇痛。此外,P2Y2Rs的激动作用可复制针刺镇痛效果,但拮抗作用则可抑制针刺镇痛效果。针灸能上调 CD73 和 P2Y2Rs,但不能上调 CD39。免疫荧光标记表明,角朊细胞是这些蛋白的主要存在部位。浅针刺也显示出抗痛作用。体外测试表明,低渗休克会诱导 HaCaT 细胞释放 ATP 和腺苷,而抑制 CD39 和 CD73 会分别削弱这种作用。最后,激动 P2Y2Rs 可促进 ATP 释放和[Ca2+]i 上升。穴位上的 CD39 有助于针灸的镇痛机制。它可能与 CD73 一起促进腺苷信号转导,或为 P2Y2Rs 提供适当的 ATP 环境。皮肤组织可能是这些信号传递的场景之一。
{"title":"CD39 activities in the treated acupoints contributed to the analgesic mechanism of acupuncture on arthritis rats.","authors":"Yu-Jia Li, Jie Lin, Si-Qi Tang, Wei-Min Zuo, Guang-Hong Ding, Xue-Yong Shen, Li-Na Wang","doi":"10.1007/s11302-024-10065-4","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s11302-024-10065-4","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Our previous work had identified that at the acupuncture point (acupoint), acupuncture-induced ATP release was a pivotal event in the initiation of analgesia. We aimed to further elucidate the degradation of ATP by CD39. Acupuncture was administered at Zusanli acupoint on arthritis rats, and pain thresholds of the hindpaws were determined. Pharmacological tools or adeno-associated viruses were administered at the acupoints to interfere with targeting signals. Protein expression was determined with qRT-PCR, WB, or immunofluorescent labeling. Cultured keratinocytes, HaCaT line, were subjected to hypotonic shock to simulate needling stimulation. Extracellular ATP and adenosine levels were quantified using luciferase-luciferin assay and ELISA, respectively. Acupuncture-induced prompt analgesia was impaired by inhibiting CD39 activities to prevent the degradation of ATP to AMP but was mimicked by using CD39 agonists. Acupuncture-induced ATP accumulation exhibited synchronous changes. Similarly, acupuncture analgesia was hindered by suppressing CD73 to prevent the conversion of AMP to adenosine. Furthermore, the acupuncture effect was replicated by agonism at P2Y2Rs but inhibited by antagonism at them. Acupuncture upregulated CD73 and P2Y2Rs but not CD39. Immunofluorescent labeling demonstrated that keratinocytes were a primary site for these proteins. Shallow acupuncture also demonstrated antinociception. In vitro tests showed that hypotonic shock induced HaCaT cells to release ATP and adenosine, which was impaired by suppressing CD39 and CD73, respectively. Finally, agonism at P2Y2Rs promoted ATP release and [Ca<sup>2+</sup>]<sub>i</sub> rise. CD39 at the acupoints contributes to the analgesic mechanism of acupuncture. It may facilitate adenosine signaling in conjunction with CD73 or provide an appropriate ATP milieu for P2Y2Rs. Skin tissue may be one of the scenes for these signalings.</p>","PeriodicalId":20952,"journal":{"name":"Purinergic Signalling","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2024-11-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142627102","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}