Psychology Research and Behavior Management最新文献

Introduction: Recently, the Saudi government has proposed several initiatives to promote mental health, including the national program named Wazen. The objective of this study was to observe the performance of mental hospitals using a balanced scorecard through this federal program.

Methods: Secondary quantitative analysis was implemented utilizing the Wazen report program data in 2022. The report adopted a balanced scorecard (BSC) concept. The study focused on 19 mental health facilities (Eraddah Hospitals) in the Ministry of Health (MOH) regions. The MOH's annual statistical report for 2018 and 2022 was reviewed to explore more about beds, staff, and the number of new mental disorder cases. Data were analyzed using Microsoft Excel 365 and the Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS Version 25) software. Mental health hospitals were classified into three categories.

Results: Most rural hospitals had lower performance in the yellow threshold value that might need improvement. The data shows that the mean of all hospital performance in some domains ranged, yielding 70% staff engagement and 77% continued educational activity, indicating unsatisfactory performance across public mental health services. The means score of access to care was 97.0% and 94.7%, marking the better mental health services provided. Between 2018 and 2022, there was a significant rise in the prevalence of mental disorders, as evidenced by the number of new patients and outpatients indicated by specific mental diseases, including conditions of psychological development (F80-F98).

Discussion: The high quality of mental healthcare is manifested by therapeutic ethos with a high degree of interaction between professional careers and service users. The former is enhanced by highly educated, competent, compassionate, self-aware, and specialized healthcare professionals in mental health. When assessing mental healthcare services, we recommend considering providers' and professionals' conditions for successful implementation in alignment with patient experience.

Objective: In this study, we aim to establish and evaluate a predictive model for post-treatment anxiety state based on basic patient attributes and pre-treatment SAS scores, with the expectation that this model will guide clinical precision intervention.

Methods: Data were collected from 606 patients with breast cancer who underwent surgery at our hospital between January 1, 2015 and December 30, 2018 and 144 newly diagnosed patients with breast cancer who were admitted between June 1, 2019 and December 30, 2019, for a total of 750 patients with breast cancer. The relationship between SAS_A scores and prognosis was verified by analyzing patient baseline characteristics, follow-up data, pre-treatment self-rating anxiety scale (SAS) scores, and SAS_A scores in follow-up period after the end of treatment. A risk prediction model was developed in view of the SAS_A scores, which was then screened, validated, and simplified by scoring, with a nomogram plotted.

Results: The SAS_A score can be utilized to differentiate prognosis. In K-M analysis, the high SAS_A score group had a significantly poorer progression-free survival rate than the low score group, p-value < 0.0001. Through model feature selection and clinical analysis, all variables were finally incorporated to establish a predictive model with a ROC AUC of 0.721 (0.637-0.805) for the validation set and external data, and an AUC of 0.810 (0.719-0.902) for external data, demonstrating good predictive performance. Calibration curves and probability distribution maps were constructed. DCA and CIC analyses demonstrated that model intervention could boost clinical benefits more effectively than intervention for all patients.

Conclusion: Using a predictive model to guide clinical management for anxiety in breast cancer patients is feasible, but additional research is required.

Aim: Scholarly works have primarily found a negative relation between technostress and individual performance outcomes. Nevertheless, there needs to be more empirical research that casts light on the underlying causal mechanism. The current study hypothesizes that technostress affects students' resistance to innovation through the mediating role of academic self-efficacy. Further, the study proposes innovation as a salient goal as a meta-level moderator. To capture this factor, the study investigates constructive deviant behavior and knowledge sharing culture as the buffering agents stimulating these links.

Methods: On a sample of 412 Chinese university students, the authors assess the structural model guided by the social cognitive theory to examine the predictive capability of the hypothesized relationships.

Results: The study found that technostress diminishes students' self-efficacy, which in turn augments resistance to innovation. Besides, constructive deviant behavior and knowledge sharing culture significantly moderate the direct association between technostress and self-efficacy and the indirect relationship between technostress and self-efficacy and then resistance to innovation.

Discussion: The study offers several meaningful theoretical and practical implications related to the critical role of technostress in deteriorating students' self-efficacy beliefs and enhancing resistance to innovation.

Introduction: Do more friends and more frequent interactions on social media result in more social support? The impact of variables such as interaction size and frequency on the social support individuals receive via social platforms has been studied from the perspective of social networks, and some studies have focused on the role of interaction topics from the perspective of private engagement. Little research has been done on the impact of affect control embedded in social networks. The emotion-first nature of social media and the rise of affect control theory mean that this perspective deserves attention.

Methods: This study examined 634 WeChat users by means of an online survey on variables related to social media use, such as social network size, interaction frequency, users' evaluation of network members, and personal topic involvement, and then tested the influencing mode of these variables on people's perceived social support through chain mediation analysis using Model 80 of the process in spss.

Results: (1) Interaction size influences perceived social support by affecting personal topic involvement; (2) Interaction frequency does not directly mediate the relationship between interaction size and perceived social support, but mediates the relationship in a chain by affecting personal topic involvement; and (3) Social network evaluation not only directly mediates the relationship between interaction size and perceived social support, but also further mediates the relationship by influencing personal topic involvement.

Conclusion: The study confirmed the role of affective control in people's perceived social support through social network interactions. Those people talk about personal matters with individuals who have greater evaluation, potency, and activity in social networks are more likely to get perceived social support. The study draws our attention to the role of affection control in interpersonal relationships in the era of social media mediating people's daily interactions.

Purpose: The dynamic and complex external environment calls for leaders to be both benevolent and authoritarian to cope with the mutually exclusive demands in the management process. But few research paid attention to the dark side of leaders' inconsistent behaviors on employees' work outcomes. Based on social information processing theory, this study investigated the impact of authoritarian-benevolent leadership on subordinates' work engagement and explored the mediating role of leader-member exchange ambivalence and the moderating role of trait mindfulness.

Methods: A two-wave time-lagged survey approach was employed and data from 309 employees from three Chinese companies were collected. R 4.2.1 and SPSS 26.0 were used to test our hypotheses.

Results: The findings demonstrated how subordinates were influenced in their work engagement by authoritarian-benevolent leadership and leader-member exchange ambivalence and emphasized the value of maintaining a high level of trait mindfulness. This study indicated that (1) authoritarian-benevolent leadership was negatively associated with work engagement, which was mediated by leader-member exchange ambivalence; (2) subordinates' trait mindfulness moderated the relationship between leader-member exchange ambivalence and work engagement; (3) the indirect effect of authoritarian-benevolent leadership on subordinates' work engagement through leader-member exchange ambivalence was moderated by subordinates' trait mindfulness.

Conclusion: This study reveals the dark side of authoritarian-benevolent leadership and deepens our understanding of the mechanism underlying the effect of authoritarian-benevolent leadership on subordinates' work engagement from a new theoretical perspective. Practical implications are provided for managers to effectively develop authoritarian-benevolent leadership skills and improve subordinates' work engagement.

Purpose: Most studies have supported the view that individuals prefer to reward the in-group and discriminate against the out-group in response to unfair offers in the Ultimatum Game. However, the current study advanced a different view, that is, the "black sheep effect", in which in-group members were punished more severely compared with out-group members. This study aimed to incorporate proposer identity and allocation motive as possible explanations for offer rejection.

Methods: In the current study, the in-group and out-group identities were distinguished by their health condition, and the allocation motive was defined according to its benefit maximization. With a total of 89 healthy college student participants, a mixed design of 2 (proposer identity: out-group vs in-group) × 2 (allocation motive: selfish vs random) × 2 (offer type: unfair vs fair) was used in the Ultimatum Game. Event-related potential (ERP) technology was used, and ERPs were recorded while participants processed the task.

Results: The behavioral result showed that the "black sheep effect" was found on the fair offer when a random allocation motive was used. Our ERP result suggested that feedback-related negativity (FRN) and P300 were modulated by proposer identity but not by allocation motive. However, the allocation motive interacted with proposer identity affecting FRN and P300 when the fair offer was proposed.

Conclusion: These findings demonstrated that the "black sheep effect" was related to the experience of the out-group member, such as disadvantage or distress, but it was also modulated by allocation motive. Meanwhile, the out-group (depressed college students) captured more attention because they violated individual expectations, according to the P300. This finding plays an integral role in understanding the mechanism of response to the "black sheep effect".

In recent times, ChatGPT has garnered significant interest from the public, sparking a range of reactions that encompass both aversion and appreciation. This paper delves into the paradoxical attitudes of individuals towards ChatGPT, highlighting the simultaneous existence of algorithmic aversion and appreciation. A comprehensive analysis is conducted from the vantage points of psychology and algorithmic decision-making, exploring the underlying causes of these conflicting attitudes from three dimensions: self-performance, task types, and individual factors. Subsequently, strategies to reconcile these opposing psychological stances are proposed, delineated into two categories: flexible coping and inflexible coping. In light of the ongoing advancements in artificial intelligence, this paper posits recommendations for the attitudes and actions that individuals ought to adopt in the face of artificial intelligence. Regardless of whether one exhibits algorithm aversion or appreciation, the paper underscores that coexisting with algorithms is an inescapable reality in the age of artificial intelligence, necessitating the preservation of human advantages.

Introduction: Preventative factors in young people's physical inactivity require further understanding, including related psychosocial factors (eg, body image and weight stigma). The Tendency to Avoid Physical Activity and Sport Scale (TAPAS) is a recently developed instrument to address this issue and the present study examined its psychometric properties among Chinese university students particularly in relation to patterns across sex, physical activity (PA) level, and weight status.

Methods: Using a convenience sample of 3142 students (mean age = 19.8 years; 56% female) in mainland China, data were collected using an online survey between August and October 2022. Psychometric instruments including the Weight Bias Internalization Scale, 21-item Depression, Anxiety and Stress Scale, and International Physical Activity Questionnaire Short Form were administered along with the TAPAS to assess convergent and discriminant validity. Multi-group confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) assessed the measurement invariance across specific groups.

Results: The unidimensional structure of the scale was confirmed through CFA (CFI=0.995; RMSEA=0.046). All configural, metric and scalar models of invariance indicated that the scale was invariant across sex, PA level, and weight status. Acceptable convergent and discriminant validity for the scale were found.

Conclusion: The TAPAS is a suitable instrument to assess body image and weight stigma concerns for avoiding physical activity and sport among Chinese university students.

Purpose: Chinese public mental health is currently characterized by a high prevalence of mental ill health and a low consultation rate, due primarily to the nation's low mental health literacy. Previous studies have shown that occupational stress may be a risk factor for mental health literacy. In China, preschool teachers are under high pressure; however, few studies have examined the mechanisms that mediate and moderate the relationship between preschool teachers' feelings of stress and their mental health literacy.

Methods: A questionnaire was administered to 2352 preschool teachers to explore the relationship between their stress perceptions and mental health literacy.

Results: Preschool teachers' perceived stress was significantly and negatively associated with their mental health literacy, with anxiety playing a partially mediating role. Preschool teachers' career resilience moderated the relationship between perceived stress and anxiety. Perceived stress positively predicted anxiety for teachers with low levels of career resilience; for teachers with high levels of career resilience, perceived stress still positively predicted anxiety, and the higher the level of career resilience, the weaker the positive prediction of stress perception on anxiety.

Conclusion: Perceived stress directly predicted mental health literacy among preschool teachers, and also indirectly predicted mental health literacy through the mediating role of anxiety. Career resilience moderated the relationship between stress perception and anxiety. These findings provide new perspectives on the treatment and prevention of preschool teachers' mental ill health.