Psychology Research and Behavior Management最新文献

Purpose: Family economic adversity is important for predicting mental health. Stress process theory elucidates how stressors, particularly in the socioeconomic domain, impair health and well-being. Resilience theory further identifies various mediating and counteractive factors in the stress-coping process. Previous literature has primarily focused on the psychological aspect of resilience, neglecting the importance of financial coping capabilities and resources. As a specific financial capability for coping with emergencies and crises, financial resilience is perceived to improve health and well-being. However, the roles of financial resilience in family processes from economic adversity to mental health and how these paths are relevant to different populations have been understudied, particularly regarding outcomes like psychological distress, subjective happiness, and life satisfaction.

Methods: This study used data from the China Family Panel Studies with a sample of 3,710 household heads to conduct path analyses to examine the roles of financial resilience between family economic adversity and mental health. Multi-group analyses were used to explore population heterogeneity in the proposed model.

Results: The full sample results reveal that financial resilience significantly mediated the effects of family economic adversity on psychological distress, subjective happiness, and life satisfaction after controlling for socioeconomic covariates in income, education, employment, and subjective socioeconomic status. The model applied to different sexes, migrant status subgroups, residence region subgroups, and younger generations, while showing nonsignificant results amongst older adults over 65.

Conclusion: This study enriches mainstream psychological theories of resilience in stress-health nexuses and family processes by providing novel evidence of financial resilience. It provides practical implications for socioeconomic empowerment and health promotion in the face of adversity and uncertainty. Future research is suggested to explore unique population subgroups in health and family economic issues.

Background: To explore the prevalence and determinants of depressive and anxious symptoms among adolescents in China, focusing on regional disparities, cognitive function, psychological resilience, and family functioning.

Methods: A total of 39854 adolescents, aged 12-18 years, participated in this survey. Data were collected using SoJump software between January 8 and January 25, 2023. The Patient Health Questionnaire-9, Generalized Anxiety Disorder Questionnaire-7, Cognitive Deficits Questionnaire-5, Connor-Davidson Resilience Scale-10, and Family APGAR Questionnaire were completed. Statistical analyses, including descriptive statistics, correlation analysis, and multivariate linear regression, were conducted to explore the relationships between variables.

Results: Significant regional differences were observed in depression (6.16 ± 6.16 versus [vs] 5.18 ± 5.77; P < 0.001) and anxiety symptoms (4.15 ± 5.18 vs 3.34 ± 4.82, P < 0.001), with adolescents in the western regions exhibiting higher scores. Depressive symptoms were positively correlated with cognitive function (r = 0.577, P < 0.05), as were anxious symptoms (r = 0.533, P < 0.05). Both depressive (r = -0.339, P < 0.05) and anxious symptoms (r = -0.321, P < 0.05) were negatively correlated with psychological resilience, as well as with family functioning (r = -0.302 and r = -0.284, respectively; P < 0.05). In addition, compared to adolescents who lived with their parents, those who lived with others had more severe depressive and anxious symptoms.

Conclusion: Our study revealed significant regional disparities in depressive and anxious symptoms among Chinese adolescents, with higher levels observed in Western China. Cognitive function showed a positive association, while psychological resilience and family functioning were negatively linked to these symptoms. By comprehending and targeting these factors through specific interventions and policies, we can ease the mental health burden on this vulnerable population.

Background: Anxiety disorders have been a challenging problem across all age groups, especially for college students, and they can have detrimental effects on students' academic performance, especially for English learning. However, the underlying mechanisms about the association between anxiety disorders and English writing performance remain undetermined. Based on theoretical and empirical researches, this study develops a chain mediating model to test whether learning motivation and metacognitive strategies mediate the relationship between anxiety disorders and English academic writing performance among college students.

Methods: A cross-sectional study with a sample consisting of 2804 college students was carried out. They all completed a self-report questionnaire with demographic information, anxiety disorders, learning motivation, metacognitive strategies and English academic writing performance. SPSS26 and Mplus8.3 were used to analyze the data.

Results: Anxiety disorders were found to negatively predict English academic writing performance, as well as learning motivation and metacognitive strategies. Both learning motivation and metacognitive strategies mediated the relationship between anxiety disorders and English academic writing performance, separately. Moreover, learning motivation and metacognitive strategies together had a chain mediating effect on this relationship.

Conclusion: Anxiety disorders take a toll on learning motivation and metacognitive strategies, which can eventually lead to poorer English academic writing performance. These findings contribute to the understanding of the potential pathway of how anxiety disorders influence English academic writing performance and provide practical implications for the prevention and intervention of mental health among college students.

Diabetes, dopamine, attachment style disorders, and hypomania share complex interrelations involving neuroinflammation, dysfunction in brain networks (DMN, CEN, SAL), and emotional regulation. Both Type 1 and Type 2 diabetes induce cognitive and structural changes in the brain through mechanisms such as hyperglycemia, insulin resistance, and chronic inflammation. These processes can affect the dopaminergic system, which plays a pivotal role in motivation, emotional regulation, and the manifestation of hypomania. Dopamine is directly linked to attachment styles, with disturbances in this system increasing vulnerability to emotional disorders, including bipolar disorder and schizophrenia. Hypomania, a hallmark of the bipolar spectrum, is associated with dopaminergic imbalances, often observed in diabetes.

Purpose: Previous research has documented that problematic smartphone use (PSU) is associated with various psychological symptoms among adolescents, but temporal ordering and underlying mechanisms remain unclear.

Patients and methods: This three-wave longitudinal study examined bidirectional relationships among depressive and anxious symptoms, fear of missing out (FOMO), and PSU in a sample of 402 Chinese adolescents (49.6% girls; M _age = 12.33, SD = 0.52) assessed at six-month intervals (ie, T1, T2, and T3).

Results: The random-intercept cross-lagged panel modelling (RI-CLPM) results indicated a bidirectional relationship between FOMO and PSU, with each predicting subsequent increases in the other. PSU predicted increases in depressive symptoms over time (βs =0.19 -0.21, ps <0.001), but not vice versa (βs =0.05 -0.06, ps >0.05). Anxious symptoms predicted increased FOMO over time (βs =0.12 -0.13, ps <0.01), while FOMO did not predict anxious symptoms (βs =0.05 and.05, ps >0.05). FOMO at T2 mediated the linkage between depressive/anxious symptoms at T1 and PSU at T3.

Conclusion: These findings identify FOMO as a critical mediating mechanism linking psychological symptoms to problematic digital behaviors. Interventions targeting FOMO may help disrupt these maladaptive patterns and prevent escalation of both PSU and psychological symptoms among adolescents.

Background: The rate of vaccination is lower in patients with schizophrenia than in the general population, and therefore, further investigation into the psychosocial impact of COVID-19 on these patients and their vaccine attitudes is warranted. In this study, we investigated factors influencing vaccine attitudes in patients with schizophrenia and explored the interactions among these factors.

Methods: Cross-sectional, self-report surveys were conducted among Taiwanese patients with schizophrenia to collect data on vaccine attitudes and associated variables. Our sample was drawn from the largest psychiatric specialty hospital in Taiwan. As of December 1, 2022, 88% of the Taiwanese population had received at least two doses of the COVID-19 vaccine. Factors influencing vaccine attitudes and potential moderators were investigated through correlation analyses, hierarchical regression, and Hayes' Process Macro.

Results: This study included 457 patients. Our results revealed that social anxiety and social desirability were respectively positively and negatively correlated with vaccine attitudes. Positive thinking moderated the overall effect of social influence on vaccine attitudes. Low levels of positive thinking intensified the effect of social influence on vaccine hesitancy.

Conclusion: This study clarified the association of social influence with vaccine attitudes and the moderating effect of positive thinking on this association. Reputable medical centers can enhance patients' confidence in vaccination policies and foster positive thinking to increase vaccine acceptance among patients with schizophrenia.

Background: Socioeconomic status (SES) is an important social factor associated with a wide range of health outcomes, but this relationship could be influenced by individual's intrinsic factors. The aim of this study was to examine the relationship between SES and depressive symptoms, the mediating role of cognitive function, and the moderating role of sleep quality in community-dwelling older adults.

Methods: A total of 1000 community-dwelling older adults were recruited for the cross-sectional study. Socioeconomic factors, cognitive function, sleep quality, and related covariates were investigated or assessed. Mediating and moderating effects were analyzed using R 4.2.2 and SPSS 25.0 software.

Results: The results showed that SES was negatively associated with depressive symptoms (β=-0.234, p<0.001) and positively associated with cognitive function (β=0.566, p<0.001) after controlling for covariates; cognitive function played a partial mediating role between SES and depressive symptoms, and the indirect effect was β=-0.09 (95% CI: -0.129~ -0.06, p<0.001), accounting for 38.5% of the total effect; and sleep quality positively moderated the mediating effect of cognitive function on relationship between SES and depressive symptoms (β_{sleep ×cognition} =-0.015, p<0.05).

Conclusion: Depressive symptoms in community-dwelling older adults are affected by their SES and cognitive function. Improving individual cognitive ability and sleep quality can effectively reduce depression in community-dwelling older adults with low SES.

Objectives: Compulsivity signifies a tendency towards repetitive and persistent actions in spite of negative consequences. Compulsive symptoms are at the core of different addictive disorders, such as substance use disorders, gambling disorder, and Internet gaming disorder. This study aims to develop a brief self-administrated scale for measuring trait compulsivity across various addictive behaviors in the context of Chinese culture.

Methods: The 20-item Chinese Compulsivity Trait Scale (CCTS) was developed based on a theoretical conceptualization of compulsivity. A total of 2315 young adults were then recruited to complete the CCTS along with a series of other scales, including the Obsessive-Compulsive Inventory-Revised (OCI-R), Fagerström Test for Nicotine Dependence (FTND), Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Test (AUDIT), South Oaks Gambling Screen (SOGS), Internet Gaming Disorder Scale (IGDS), Generalized Anxiety Disorder Scale (GAD-7), and Zung Self-Rating Depression Scale (SDS). Validity and reliability of the CCTS were assessed with multiple analyses.

Results: The CCTS exhibited excellent reliability and validity. The Cronbach's α was 0.872, and the one-month test-retest reliability was 0.863. Exploratory factor analysis extracted four first-order factors with an eigenvalue over 1, explaining 50.23% of the total variance. Confirmatory factor analysis confirmed the four-factor model, showing a reasonable model fit. The CCTS score significantly correlated with the OCI-R, FTND, AUDIT, SOGS, and IGDS scores (r=0.383-0.682, p<0.001), showing good concurrent and criterion-related validity. The correlations of the CCTS score with the SDS and GAD-7 scores were not significant (r=0.014-0.020, p>0.05), indicating reasonable discriminant validity.

Conclusion: The CCTS demonstrated sound psychometric properties among these non-clinical young adults. This scale might serve as a validated tool for evaluating transdiagnostic trait compulsivity across diverse addictive problems, including both substance use disorders and behavioral addictions. Further investigations should be conducted in clinical patient populations to verify the adaptability of the CCTS.

Objective: To explore the developmental trajectory of dyadic coping and depression in stroke patients and the predictive relationship between the two and to provide a theoretical basis for improving depression in stroke patients.

Design: A longitudinal study.

Methods: Two hundred and forty-two stroke patients who underwent thrombolysis in the emergency department of our hospital from January 2023 to March 2024 were selected as the study subjects, and their dyadic coping and depression were tracked and investigated in T1 (after thrombolysis), T2 (3 months after the disease), and T3 (6 months after the disease), and the data were analyzed using a cross-lagged model and latent variable growth model.

Results: Two hundred and twelve valid serial questionnaires were recovered at the completion of the three time points. Stroke patients showed an increasing trend in dyadic coping and a decreasing trend in depression. Pearson correlation showed that the correlation between the two was significant at all 3 time nodes (P<0.05). Cross-lagged modeling showed that dyadic coping levels on average significantly and positively predicted depression at the next node, whereas depression did not significantly predict dyadic coping longitudinally at the next node. The latent variable growth model showed that dyadic coping (S=3.215, P<0.001) tended to increase and depression (S=-0.292, P<0.001) tended to decrease from T1 to T3 in stroke patients; at the initial level, dyadic coping was negatively correlated with depression (r=-0.356, P=0.002), initial levels of dyadic coping were able to positively predict itself (β=0.355, P=0.007) and the rate of development of depression (β=0.515, P=0.002), and the rate of development of dyadic coping was able to positively predict the rate of development of depression (β=0.584, P<0.001).

Conclusion: Dyadic coping was negatively associated with post-stroke depression, suggesting that higher levels of dyadic coping may serve as a protective factor against depressive symptoms in stroke survivors. This relationship underscores the potential therapeutic value of fostering mutual support and adaptive problem-solving strategies within patient-caregiver dyads, highlighting the clinical importance of integrating dyadic coping interventions into post-stroke mental health care.

Checking is the most reported compulsion of Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder (OCD), impacting 80% of individuals with the psychiatric condition. In this narrative review, we describe the theoretical conceptualization and empirical research of compulsive checking to highlight advancements and limitations in our current understanding of OCD. In terms of etiology, research shows that anxiety, uncertainty and inflated responsibility elicit checking, which in turn negatively impact memory confidence and higher-level cognitive functions. In addition, compulsive checking is linked to altered neural activities in the brain's subcortical regions. Although these studies have their methodological limitations, they collectively highlight the behavioral, cognitive and neurobiological underpinnings of OCD. In terms of assessment of compulsions such as checking, there is a suite of empirically validated tools that range from standardized diagnostic interviews to self-report measures. Recent innovations also include experimental and technology-assisted assessment tools. Finally, in terms of treatment, Exposure and Response Prevention (ERP) is the most empirically supported intervention for OCD that is supported by habituation and inhibitory learning models. There is preliminary support for cognitive therapy to target specific symptoms such as compulsive checking. However, more rigorous testing is warranted to determine its efficacy and mechanism of change.