Psychology Research and Behavior Management最新文献

Diabetes, dopamine, attachment style disorders, and hypomania share complex interrelations involving neuroinflammation, dysfunction in brain networks (DMN, CEN, SAL), and emotional regulation. Both Type 1 and Type 2 diabetes induce cognitive and structural changes in the brain through mechanisms such as hyperglycemia, insulin resistance, and chronic inflammation. These processes can affect the dopaminergic system, which plays a pivotal role in motivation, emotional regulation, and the manifestation of hypomania. Dopamine is directly linked to attachment styles, with disturbances in this system increasing vulnerability to emotional disorders, including bipolar disorder and schizophrenia. Hypomania, a hallmark of the bipolar spectrum, is associated with dopaminergic imbalances, often observed in diabetes.

Purpose: Previous research has documented that problematic smartphone use (PSU) is associated with various psychological symptoms among adolescents, but temporal ordering and underlying mechanisms remain unclear.

Patients and methods: This three-wave longitudinal study examined bidirectional relationships among depressive and anxious symptoms, fear of missing out (FOMO), and PSU in a sample of 402 Chinese adolescents (49.6% girls; M _age = 12.33, SD = 0.52) assessed at six-month intervals (ie, T1, T2, and T3).

Results: The random-intercept cross-lagged panel modelling (RI-CLPM) results indicated a bidirectional relationship between FOMO and PSU, with each predicting subsequent increases in the other. PSU predicted increases in depressive symptoms over time (βs =0.19 -0.21, ps <0.001), but not vice versa (βs =0.05 -0.06, ps >0.05). Anxious symptoms predicted increased FOMO over time (βs =0.12 -0.13, ps <0.01), while FOMO did not predict anxious symptoms (βs =0.05 and.05, ps >0.05). FOMO at T2 mediated the linkage between depressive/anxious symptoms at T1 and PSU at T3.

Conclusion: These findings identify FOMO as a critical mediating mechanism linking psychological symptoms to problematic digital behaviors. Interventions targeting FOMO may help disrupt these maladaptive patterns and prevent escalation of both PSU and psychological symptoms among adolescents.

Background: The rate of vaccination is lower in patients with schizophrenia than in the general population, and therefore, further investigation into the psychosocial impact of COVID-19 on these patients and their vaccine attitudes is warranted. In this study, we investigated factors influencing vaccine attitudes in patients with schizophrenia and explored the interactions among these factors.

Methods: Cross-sectional, self-report surveys were conducted among Taiwanese patients with schizophrenia to collect data on vaccine attitudes and associated variables. Our sample was drawn from the largest psychiatric specialty hospital in Taiwan. As of December 1, 2022, 88% of the Taiwanese population had received at least two doses of the COVID-19 vaccine. Factors influencing vaccine attitudes and potential moderators were investigated through correlation analyses, hierarchical regression, and Hayes' Process Macro.

Results: This study included 457 patients. Our results revealed that social anxiety and social desirability were respectively positively and negatively correlated with vaccine attitudes. Positive thinking moderated the overall effect of social influence on vaccine attitudes. Low levels of positive thinking intensified the effect of social influence on vaccine hesitancy.

Conclusion: This study clarified the association of social influence with vaccine attitudes and the moderating effect of positive thinking on this association. Reputable medical centers can enhance patients' confidence in vaccination policies and foster positive thinking to increase vaccine acceptance among patients with schizophrenia.

Background: Socioeconomic status (SES) is an important social factor associated with a wide range of health outcomes, but this relationship could be influenced by individual's intrinsic factors. The aim of this study was to examine the relationship between SES and depressive symptoms, the mediating role of cognitive function, and the moderating role of sleep quality in community-dwelling older adults.

Methods: A total of 1000 community-dwelling older adults were recruited for the cross-sectional study. Socioeconomic factors, cognitive function, sleep quality, and related covariates were investigated or assessed. Mediating and moderating effects were analyzed using R 4.2.2 and SPSS 25.0 software.

Results: The results showed that SES was negatively associated with depressive symptoms (β=-0.234, p<0.001) and positively associated with cognitive function (β=0.566, p<0.001) after controlling for covariates; cognitive function played a partial mediating role between SES and depressive symptoms, and the indirect effect was β=-0.09 (95% CI: -0.129~ -0.06, p<0.001), accounting for 38.5% of the total effect; and sleep quality positively moderated the mediating effect of cognitive function on relationship between SES and depressive symptoms (β_{sleep ×cognition} =-0.015, p<0.05).

Conclusion: Depressive symptoms in community-dwelling older adults are affected by their SES and cognitive function. Improving individual cognitive ability and sleep quality can effectively reduce depression in community-dwelling older adults with low SES.

Objectives: Compulsivity signifies a tendency towards repetitive and persistent actions in spite of negative consequences. Compulsive symptoms are at the core of different addictive disorders, such as substance use disorders, gambling disorder, and Internet gaming disorder. This study aims to develop a brief self-administrated scale for measuring trait compulsivity across various addictive behaviors in the context of Chinese culture.

Methods: The 20-item Chinese Compulsivity Trait Scale (CCTS) was developed based on a theoretical conceptualization of compulsivity. A total of 2315 young adults were then recruited to complete the CCTS along with a series of other scales, including the Obsessive-Compulsive Inventory-Revised (OCI-R), Fagerström Test for Nicotine Dependence (FTND), Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Test (AUDIT), South Oaks Gambling Screen (SOGS), Internet Gaming Disorder Scale (IGDS), Generalized Anxiety Disorder Scale (GAD-7), and Zung Self-Rating Depression Scale (SDS). Validity and reliability of the CCTS were assessed with multiple analyses.

Results: The CCTS exhibited excellent reliability and validity. The Cronbach's α was 0.872, and the one-month test-retest reliability was 0.863. Exploratory factor analysis extracted four first-order factors with an eigenvalue over 1, explaining 50.23% of the total variance. Confirmatory factor analysis confirmed the four-factor model, showing a reasonable model fit. The CCTS score significantly correlated with the OCI-R, FTND, AUDIT, SOGS, and IGDS scores (r=0.383-0.682, p<0.001), showing good concurrent and criterion-related validity. The correlations of the CCTS score with the SDS and GAD-7 scores were not significant (r=0.014-0.020, p>0.05), indicating reasonable discriminant validity.

Conclusion: The CCTS demonstrated sound psychometric properties among these non-clinical young adults. This scale might serve as a validated tool for evaluating transdiagnostic trait compulsivity across diverse addictive problems, including both substance use disorders and behavioral addictions. Further investigations should be conducted in clinical patient populations to verify the adaptability of the CCTS.

Objective: To explore the developmental trajectory of dyadic coping and depression in stroke patients and the predictive relationship between the two and to provide a theoretical basis for improving depression in stroke patients.

Design: A longitudinal study.

Methods: Two hundred and forty-two stroke patients who underwent thrombolysis in the emergency department of our hospital from January 2023 to March 2024 were selected as the study subjects, and their dyadic coping and depression were tracked and investigated in T1 (after thrombolysis), T2 (3 months after the disease), and T3 (6 months after the disease), and the data were analyzed using a cross-lagged model and latent variable growth model.

Results: Two hundred and twelve valid serial questionnaires were recovered at the completion of the three time points. Stroke patients showed an increasing trend in dyadic coping and a decreasing trend in depression. Pearson correlation showed that the correlation between the two was significant at all 3 time nodes (P<0.05). Cross-lagged modeling showed that dyadic coping levels on average significantly and positively predicted depression at the next node, whereas depression did not significantly predict dyadic coping longitudinally at the next node. The latent variable growth model showed that dyadic coping (S=3.215, P<0.001) tended to increase and depression (S=-0.292, P<0.001) tended to decrease from T1 to T3 in stroke patients; at the initial level, dyadic coping was negatively correlated with depression (r=-0.356, P=0.002), initial levels of dyadic coping were able to positively predict itself (β=0.355, P=0.007) and the rate of development of depression (β=0.515, P=0.002), and the rate of development of dyadic coping was able to positively predict the rate of development of depression (β=0.584, P<0.001).

Conclusion: Dyadic coping was negatively associated with post-stroke depression, suggesting that higher levels of dyadic coping may serve as a protective factor against depressive symptoms in stroke survivors. This relationship underscores the potential therapeutic value of fostering mutual support and adaptive problem-solving strategies within patient-caregiver dyads, highlighting the clinical importance of integrating dyadic coping interventions into post-stroke mental health care.

Checking is the most reported compulsion of Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder (OCD), impacting 80% of individuals with the psychiatric condition. In this narrative review, we describe the theoretical conceptualization and empirical research of compulsive checking to highlight advancements and limitations in our current understanding of OCD. In terms of etiology, research shows that anxiety, uncertainty and inflated responsibility elicit checking, which in turn negatively impact memory confidence and higher-level cognitive functions. In addition, compulsive checking is linked to altered neural activities in the brain's subcortical regions. Although these studies have their methodological limitations, they collectively highlight the behavioral, cognitive and neurobiological underpinnings of OCD. In terms of assessment of compulsions such as checking, there is a suite of empirically validated tools that range from standardized diagnostic interviews to self-report measures. Recent innovations also include experimental and technology-assisted assessment tools. Finally, in terms of treatment, Exposure and Response Prevention (ERP) is the most empirically supported intervention for OCD that is supported by habituation and inhibitory learning models. There is preliminary support for cognitive therapy to target specific symptoms such as compulsive checking. However, more rigorous testing is warranted to determine its efficacy and mechanism of change.

Background: As China undergoes rapid modernization concurrent with accelerated aging, older adults are exposed to multifaceted cultural dynamics. Consequently, employment may carry multidimensional significance as a status passage. This study aimed to investigate the impact of employment on the mental health of elderly persons in China, leveraging middle-range theory to understand the nuanced social significance of employment as a status passage.

Methods: This paper selected older adults aged 60 to 75 years from three waves (2015, 2018, and 2020) of the China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study (CHARLS) survey data as the analytical cohort. The analytical approach involved fixed effects models for the core empirical analysis, propensity score matching (PSM) to address selection bias, and instrumental variable techniques to tackle reverse causality.

Results: The study demonstrates that employment retains positive properties of status passage for Chinese older adults in multicultural contexts, with empirical evidence showing significant reduction in depressive symptoms (β = -0.3945, p < 0.01) and consequent improvement in mental health outcomes. However, these effects exhibit substantial heterogeneity across gender, employment types, and rural-urban residency. Notably, male elderly benefitted more from employment due to cultural and structural factors. Properties of employment status passage vary in rural areas of China, where the effect of self-employment is not significant, however the effect of Wage-employment is significant. Retirees may re-enter a social structure through status passages of employment or social participation. The study indicates that employment does not crowd out the elderly social participation but rather promotes their social participation, which is only reflected in elderly women and elderly persons in cities. This underscores the multifaceted mental health benefits of employment beyond mere economic contribution.

Conclusion: It is suggested to implement a flexible delayed retirement policy based on individual wishes, which would result in greater social welfare. For rural areas, it is imperative to address deficiencies in public cultural services while tapping into local cultural resources, thereby enhancing older residents' mental health and well-being.

Purpose: Depressive symptoms are an important issue among older adults that can affect their mental health and quality of life. This study examined the impact of post-retirement social relationship changes on depressive symptoms, and the mediating role of loneliness and the moderating role of social networks among Chinese older adults.

Patients and methods: The participants were 1260 retired older adults from the 2018 China Longitudinal Aging Social Survey. The study conducted mediation and moderation analyses with an ordinary least squares (OLS) regression model and employed the Karlson, Holm, and Breen (KHB) method to further analyze the mediating role of loneliness.

Results: Post-retirement social relationship changes exhibited significant a positive association with depressive symptoms and loneliness, while social networks demonstrated a significant negative association with depressive symptoms. The older adults experiencing post-retirement social relationship substantial changes were more vulnerable to developing depressive symptoms. Furthermore, loneliness mediated the association between post-retirement social relationship changes and depressive symptoms, whereas social networks moderated this association.

Conclusion: The findings elucidate the association between post-retirement social relationship changes and depressive symptoms among Chinese older adults, highlighting the roles of loneliness and social networks. It underscores that taking a rational view of retirement-related changes and maintaining and expanding social networks may reduce the effects of post-retirement social relationship changes on depressive symptoms.

Introduction: This study explores the impact of two major labor market phenomena-the aging workforce and digitalization, which have global significance. The COVID-19 pandemic accelerated the adoption of digital technologies, resulting in economic growth, improved business processes, and reduced social isolation. However, the study also addresses the challenges and threats associated with digitalization, with a specific focus on technostress. The research analyses the primary techno-stressors experienced by older employees and self-employed individuals in four EU countries. Investigating various demographic factors such as gender, age, education level, employment type, and country of origin, the study aims to identify stress levels related to techno-demands and techno-disruption.

Methods: This study utilized a quantitative research design with a cross-sectional survey approach. A Quota sampling method in combination with Computer Assisted Web Interviewing (CAWI) was used to collect data. The overall response rate was 42% (varied by country) in total data collected. A sample of 1306 workers (aged 50-64), representing diverse demographics, was recruited and interviewed. The techno-stressors were assessed using a 14-item scale encompassing major stress-creating conditions as already reported in earlier studies.

Results: The results reveal intriguing patterns, particularly notable gender-based differences in technostress experiences across age groups. Younger male seniors and female seniors reported higher levels of techno-disruption, while techno-demands were more problematic for female seniors. Additionally, respondents' country of origin also influenced their experiences with technostress.

Discussion: Overall, the study sheds light on the challenges of digitalization for older workers in central European perspective and provides important missing information and data on variation in technostress based on nationality, age, and gender. The results prompt further research on longitudinal trends and discussions on geography, industry, and country specific impact of digitalization on the modern workforce.