Psychology Research and Behavior Management最新文献

Introduction: The conceptualisation and development of a measure of generational egoism are described. Generational egoism is defined as actions aimed at maximising benefits for one's own generation without giving due attention or concern to the negative consequences of those actions for future generations. This form of selfishness is characterised by a short-term (here and now) focus and a lack of concern for the long-term consequences of one's actions.

Methods: A study of the psychometric properties of the Generational Egoism Questionnaire was conducted, with an exploratory and a confirmatory factor analysis being carried out. The first set of data (N = 269; Mage = 24.90; SD = 6.70) was analysed by exploratory factor analysis, and the second set of data (N = 213; M = 24.70; SD = 6.15) was analysed by confirmatory factor analysis. In addition, an investigation was conducted into the potential correlations within the group of participants (N = 161; M = 23.91, SD = 8.36) between the General Egoism Questionnaire, which has been introduced in this paper, and other personality and well-being diagnostic tools: The Dark Triad Dirty Dozen, The TIPI Test, The Satisfaction with Life Scale, The Positivity Scale, Brief Resilience Coping Scale and The Meaning of Life Questionnaire.

Results: The results of the factor analyses verified the one-factor structure of the Generational Egoism Questionnaire. The Generational Egoism Questionnaire reveals satisfactory internal consistency, with r = 0.88. The divergent and convergent validity of the Generational Egoism Questionnaire was indicated by correlations with other scales. The Generational Egoism Questionnaire correlates with personality subscales: narcissism, psychopathy, machiavelism, neurtocism and open to experience. The General Egoism does not correlate well-being.

Conclusion: The results indicate that the Generational Egoism Questionnaire is a valid and reliable instrument. The Genrational Egoism Questionnaire can be used in future research but also has its practical use - for teachers and environmental educators.

Introduction: The impact of parenting styles on the mental health of young people has long gained widespread attention, yet in the age of social media, do different forms of social media parenting practice have an impact on the relationship between the two, and how does this impact play out? There is a lack of multifactorial mechanistic analyses in this area.

Methods: Based on online survey data from 413 young adults aged 18-24 in China, this study integrates measurements from Thimm et al and Modecki et al on digital parenting practices to examine the roles of visualization, interaction and evaluation, and positive media memory in the relationship between authoritative parenting style (assessed via the PAQ-R and EMBU-C) and young adults' mental health (measured by the MHC-SF) by a chain mediation analysis.

Results: (1) there was a significant correlation between authoritative parenting style and young adults' mental health; (2) Interaction & evaluation and positive media memory independently mediate the relationship between authoritative parenting and young adult mental health, but visualization practice do not.(3) Visualization practice, interaction and evaluation, and positive media memory act as pairwise and triadic chain mediators between authoritative parenting and young adult mental health.

Conclusion: (1) Digital parenting practices significantly mediate the relationship between authoritative parenting style and young adult mental health. (2) Visualization practice promotes young adult mental health in authoritative family by influencing interaction and evaluation and thus positive media memory. (3) Positive media memory plays a key mediating function in each chain of influence. This implies that various forms of social media parenting practices primarily influence the mental health of young adults in authoritative family in a chain effect mode.

The article collection on social media and mental health attracted the interest of many researchers and resulted in 25 articles published in the collection. In this editorial, the guest advisors for the collection summarize the included studies and some of the most relevant findings from them. Five of the articles are given particular attention, representing both cross-sectional and longitudinal study designs. The article collection brings new and important insights into how mental health is shaped, and how mental health shapes behaviors, in the modern world of social media. It highlights mediational pathways from social media use to mental health problems through cyberbullying, social comparison, and cognitive overload, and from mental health problems to problematic social media use through self-referential processing. It is the guest advisors' hope that researchers can use the collection, and indeed this editorial providing a synopsis and commentary to the collection, as a point of reference when choosing new research questions to explore and when deciding on certain aspects of design and methodology.

Background: Research on the Clinical High-Risk (CHR) paradigm for psychosis has significantly increased in recent decades. This approach aims to identify young individuals who experiences attenuated psychotic symptoms, as well as difficulties in social and occupational functioning to provide early intervention.

Purpose: This study aims to analyze the relationship of baseline sociodemographic characteristics to the course of psychopathology and functioning at a 12-month follow-up in a sample of Mexican individuals at CHR-P.

Patients and methods: We conducted a longitudinal study with 43 Mexicans at CHR-P assessed at baseline and 33 of them at a 12-month follow-up using the Comprehensive Assessment of At-Risk Mental State and the Global Functioning Social and Role Scales. Sociodemographic information, including age, sex, marital status, occupation, education, household type, and socioeconomic status, was collected through a semi-structured interview.

Results: Findings showed significant changes in psychopathology at 12-month follow-up. Participants who reported not studying or working at baseline showed a reduction in attenuated positive symptoms and general psychopathology. Similarly, attenuated positive symptoms improved in those living with friends or roommates at baseline. Individuals with a medium socioeconomic status at baseline also experienced a decrease in general symptoms. No significant changes were observed in negative symptoms or social and role functioning at the 12-month follow-up assessment.

Conclusion: It is important to address the needs of individuals at CHR-P in both schools and workplaces. This includes reducing stress and improving access to mental health care. Promoting social skills and fostering peer relationships can help build supportive networks beyond the family.

Background: The growing aging population has led to escalating demands for gerontological nursing, further intensified by the COVID-19 pandemic. While ageism is a recognized barrier to nursing students' career motivation toward gerontological nursing (CMGN), the underlying mechanisms through which it exerts influence remain underexplored. Moreover, empirical research on CMGN and related factors in the post-pandemic context is limited.

Objective: This study examined the levels and predictors of CMGN among early-stage nursing students in the post-pandemic context and explored how ageism influences CMGN directly and indirectly through a sequential-parallel mediation model.

Methods: A cross-sectional online survey was conducted at a medical university in Jiangxi Province, China. A total of 1,192 completed questionnaires from nursing students (mean age = 18.44; 90.3% female; 85.6% first-year students) across two academic tracks (bachelor's and diploma programs) were included in the analysis. T-tests, ANOVA, regression, and structural equation modeling were used to identify key predictors and mediating pathways.

Results: Students reported a moderate overall level of CMGN (M = 64.12, SD = 12.86; range = 20-100). Key predictors of both CMGN subscales-Expectancy and Value-with β > 0.1 and p < 0.01 included empathy, intergenerational contact quality, and learning experiences in gerontological nursing. Ageism was a dimension-specific negative predictor, affecting only the Value subscale (β = -0.212, p < 0.001). Mediation analysis further showed that ageism influenced Value both directly (β = -0.200, p < 0.001) and indirectly (β = -0.124, p < 0.001) through a sequential pathway involving contact quality and Expectancy, as well as a parallel pathway mediated by gratitude.

Conclusion: The multifaceted negative impact of ageism on CMGN underscores the need for a holistic curriculum strategy. Key recommendations include integrated gerontological nursing education, anti-ageism instruction, interventions to foster gratitude and empathy, and interpersonal communication training tailored to geriatric care.

Background: Beyond self-injurious and suicidal behaviors, depressed patients may show outward aggression. However, it remains unclear whether high levels of aggression in depressed patients are associated with abnormalities in decision-making processes and altered sensitivity to feedback.

Methods: Ninety-six depressed patients were recruited and divided into two groups (n = 48 patients each) based on aggression. Patients completed psychological tests (Balloon Analog Risk Task and Iowa Gambling Task [IGT]), with event-related potentials recorded during the IGT to measure neural responses to feedback.

Results: Depressed patients with high aggression showed stronger risk aversion on the IGT compared to those with low aggression. Electrophysiological findings indicated that depressed patients with high aggression generate larger feedback-related negativity (FRN) components in response to losses, as well as greater FRN amplitude differences between loss and win. The FRN difference wave (loss-win) was significantly correlated with higher scores on the anger dimension of the Buss-Perry Aggression Questionnaire, trait anger scale, emotion regulation difficulties, and depression severity, supporting heightened feedback sensitivity as a mechanism underlying aggression in depression.

Limitations: The cross-sectional design limits causal inference, and the relatively small ERP subsample may affect generalizability of electrophysiological findings.

Conclusion: Depressed patients with high aggression exhibited stronger electrophysiologic responses to negative feedback during risky decision-making. This hypersensitivity may contribute to aggression in depression, highlighting a potential clinical target for interventions that modulate feedback sensitivity or emotional reactivity.

Purpose: Autistic children's digressive utterances can disrupt therapeutic progress, yet remain understudied in China. This study investigates how Chinese therapists respond to such digressions during Naturalistic Intervention (NI) sessions, specifically exploring how they navigate the tension between structured therapeutic goals and spontaneous interactions while adapting evidence-based practices (EBPs) to individual child profiles and sociocultural contexts.

Participants and methods: Applying discourse analysis (DA), we analyzed 19 NI sessions involving five Board Certified Behavior Analysts (BCBAs; ≥2 years of experience; trained in NI) and ten Chinese autistic boys (aged 29-78 months; Level 1 ASD). Therapists delivered tailored NI sessions (4-30 hours/week), embedding communication goals within play-based routines. Sessions were video-recorded in therapeutic settings.

Results: Therapists employed seven distinct response practices spanning a directive-to-elicitory continuum. Immediate refocusing practices (restatement with nonverbal cues, digression-termination before refocusing, and integration) prioritized task adherence but risked further disengagement. Delayed refocusing practices (minimal acknowledgment before refocusing, accommodation before refocusing, and following the child's lead before refocusing) validated children's agency and elicited higher rates of goal-aligned responses. Digression-following practices fostered spontaneity but risked further divergence. Notably, accommodation and following the child's lead before refocusing elicited the most contingent responses, while abrupt termination often provoked resistance. Senior therapists employed more diverse practices while favoring delayed refocusing practices, whereas juniors favored immediate refocusing practices. Practice selection was influenced by digression sub-focus, therapist experience, child characteristics, and sociocultural contexts.

Conclusion: Findings reframe digressions as agentic bids necessitating mutual adaptation, aligning with "the double empathy problem". As the first DA study of therapist responses to digressions in China, this study underscores the clinical importance of culturally attuned flexibility for validating autistic agency while maintaining therapeutic progress. Based on the research findings, therapist training should emphasize reflective, context-responsive practices to enhance engagement across cultures.

Introduction: Non-suicidal self-injury (NSSI) is a prevalent issue among adolescents, with potential long-term mental health implications. To investigate NSSI thoughts as a distinct developmental stage and inform early intervention strategies, this study employed a longitudinal design to examine progression differences in Chinese adolescents across three NSSI status: NO NSSI, NSSI thoughts without behaviors, and NSSI behaviors.

Methods: Using a machine learning approach (Random Forest models), a two-wave longitudinal study assessed 2,154 adolescents (aged 11-18) from Chinese middle and high schools. Analyses focused on NSSI status, risk factors, and developmental trajectories. ANOVAs and paired-t tests were conducted to examine risk factors and NSSI functions of group with different NSSI status.

Results: NSSI thoughts emerged as both a distinct category and a potential precursor to behaviors. Despite limitations in accurately classifying the NSSI thoughts group, the Random Forest models demonstrated capability in differentiating NSSI status. Age-specific patterns were identified: middle school students showed a higher propensity to progress to NSSI behaviors than high schoolers, with emotional/social factors more prominent for middle schoolers and broader risk factors for high schoolers.

Conclusion: Findings support conceptualizing NSSI thoughts as a critical stage in NSSI development, highlighting distinct risk profiles across age groups. Future research should focus on improving the identification and assessment of NSSI thoughts and developing early intervention strategies based on developmental stages and associated risk factors.

Background: Emotional lability (EL), characterized by excessive emotional fluctuations and intense outbursts, frequently co-occurs with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and may exacerbate functional impairments. This study aimed to explore the disparities in ADHD-related symptoms and functional impairments in children with ADHD who exhibited EL and those without it and to examine the unique contribution of EL to functional impairments.

Methods: A total of 427 children with ADHD, aged 6-14 years, were recruited from Shenzhen Children's Hospital. EL was assessed using the Conners'Parent Rating Scale, while ADHD-related symptoms were measured using the ADHD Rating Scale (ADHD-RS) and Child Behavior Checklist (CBCL). Functional impairment was assessed using the Weiss Functional Impairment Scale-Parent Form (WFIRS-P). Group comparisons were conducted between ADHD with EL and ADHD without EL, and correlations and multiple linear regressions were performed to explore the associations between EL, ADHD-related symptoms, and functional impairment.

Results: EL prevalence in the study sample was 33.96%. Children with ADHD and EL exhibited significantly higher scores for inattention (P<0.001), hyperactivity/impulsivity (P<0.001), CBCL factors (P<0.001), and all domains of functional impairment (P<0.05) than those without EL. The two groups differed substantially in their distribution of ADHD subtypes (P=0.012). Moderate correlations were found between EL and functional impairment (r=0.40-0.45, P<0.001). After adjusting for ADHD-related symptoms, EL independently predicted impairments in family (P=0.001), life skills (P=0.001), self-concept domains (P=0.001), and total functional impairment (P=0.002). EL, along with attention scores, social problems, and delinquent behaviors, significantly predicted the overall functional impairment.

Conclusion: EL is a significant contributor to functional impairment in children with ADHD, exerting its influence independently of the core symptoms of ADHD. Our findings highlight the need for targeted interventions to address emotional regulation in ADHD and mitigate long-term functional impairments.