Psychology Research and Behavior Management最新文献

Purpose: Network modeling has been suggested as an effective method to explore intricate relationships among antecedents, mediators, and symptoms. In this study, we aimed to investigate whether the severity of depressive symptoms in college students affects the multivariate relationships among anhedonia, smartphone addiction, and mediating factors.

Methods: A survey was conducted among 1347 Chinese college students (587 female) to assess depressive symptoms, anhedonia, addictive behaviors, anxiety, and insomnia. The participants were categorized the non-depressive symptom (NDS) and depressive symptom (DS) groups based on a cut-off score of 5 on the 9-item Patient Health Questionnaire-9. Network analysis was performed to investigate the symptom-to-symptom influences of symptoms in these two groups.

Results: The network of the DS group was more densely connected than that of the NDS group. Social anticipatory anhedonia was a central factor for DS, while withdraw/escape (one factor of smartphone addiction) was a central factor for NDS. The DS group exhibited greater strength between the PHQ9 score and social anticipatory anhedonia, as well as between the PHQ9 score and alcohol misuse score, compared to the NDS group. On the other hand, the NDS group had higher strength between anxiety and feeling lost, as well as between anxiety and withdraw/escape, compared to the DS group.

Conclusion: The findings suggest that there is a close relationship between social anhedonia, smartphone addiction, and alcohol consumption in the DS group. Addressing on ameliorating social anhedonia and smartphone addiction may be effective in preventing and managing depression in college students.

Purpose: The satisfaction of relational needs is an important indicator of the quality of interpersonal relationships, but few studies on this topic have been conducted in China. The Relational Needs Satisfaction Scale (RNSS) was developed and used in three countries.

Patients and methods: In this study, the scale was standardized. A total of 2136 Chinese adults aged 18-30 years were recruited to complete the RNSS-Chinese (RNSS-C) and the Satisfaction with Life Scale (SWLS) online, and classical test theory and item response theory (IRT) were used to analyze the psychometric characteristics of the RNSS-C. The measurement invariance of the Chinese and Czech RNSSs was analyzed.

Results: (1) The RNSS still has good reliability (Cronbach's alpha = 0.935) and validity (CFI=0.948, TLI=0.940, RMSEA=0.049, and SRMR=0.032) in China. (2) The RNSS-C revealed differences in the perceptions of relational needs construct between the two groups (ΔCFI=0.014>0.01).

Conclusion: These findings contribute to a deeper understanding of the cultural factors that shape interpersonal relationships and satisfaction in China.

Background: Positive parent-teen and peer relationships are crucial support resources for adolescents with type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM). There is quite a bit of research on parent-teen relationships in Western countries, less so with peer relationships. Additionally, information on these relationships and their influencing factors among adolescents from other regions with different family culture and peer cohesion is limited, which impedes the development of targeted interventions.

Methods: This study analyzed baseline data from a randomized controlled trial in China involving 122 adolescents with T1DM aged 12-18 years. Data were collected using established questionnaires on social-demographic and clinical characteristics, perceived stress, general self-efficacy, coping styles, diabetes self-management, and parent-teen and peer relationships. Multivariate linear regression analysis was conducted to determine the associating factors of parent-teen relationships and peer relationships respectively.

Results: The total score of the parent-teen relationships subscale was 11.02 ± 2.77, within a theoretical range of 4-16. The total score of the peer relationships subscale was 16.51 ± 2.42, within a theoretical range of 5-20. Positive coping styles, less negative coping styles, and more collaboration with parents in diabetes self-management were associated with better parent-teen relationships. Younger age, positive coping styles, less negative coping styles, and higher goals for diabetes self-management were associated with better peer relationships.

Conclusion: There is room to improve parent-teen relationships, maybe via encouraging more collaboration between parents and adolescents for diabetes management. The coping styles training is indicated to improve both relationships.

Background: Youth and young adults have a high prevalence of major depressive disorder (MDD). Limited longitudinal research has explored the relationship between different dimensions of psychological stress and MDD. This study aimed to estimate the effect of psychological stress on the risk of first onset MDD in a sample of Chinese freshmen.

Methods: Using a longitudinal design, 8079 Chinese first-year students were recruited at baseline, and 6985 were followed up one year later. The Psychological Stress Scale for College Students was utilized to evaluate the levels of psychological stress. MDD was evaluated using the Chinese version of the Composite International Diagnostic Interview (CIDI-3.0). Logistic regression modeling was utilized to estimate the associations between dimensions of psychological stress and the risk of MDD.

Results: Two dimensions of psychological stress, namely learning stress (OR=1.05, 95% CI:1.01-1.09, P=0.017) and economic stress (OR=1.11, 95% CI:1.04-1.19, P=0.001), were significantly associated with the risk of MDD. Other dimensions of psychological stress (specify family stress, interpersonal stress, intimate relationship stress, employment stress and appearance stress) were not associated with MDD.

Conclusion: Psychological stress, especially learning and economic stresses, could increase the risk of MDD in university students. These factors should be incorporated into mental health prevention and intervention programs at universities to reduce the risks of MDD.

Objective: Numerous studies have shown that the mental health of middle school students is closely related to problematic mobile phone use. The purpose of this study is to investigate the network structure between the dimensions of the Middle School Students Mental Health Scale and the items of the Self-Rating Questionnaire for Adolescent Problematic Mobile Phone Use by using the network analysis, to clarify the core symptoms and bridge symptoms of the network structure, and to provide ideas and methods for intervening in the mental health and problematic mobile phone use of middle school students.

Methods: A stratified cluster sampling method was used to select 1637 students from four general middle schools in Xiamen in June 2020 for the survey, and the Middle School Students Mental Health Scale (MSSMHS-60) and the Self-Rating Questionnaire for Adolescent Problematic Mobile Phone Use (SQAPMPU) were used. SPSS28.0 was used for descriptive statistical analysis and R (version 4.2.1) for network analysis.

Results: 1. The core symptoms of the network of middle school students' mental health and problematic mobile phone use were "spending more time playing with the phone in order to be satisfied", anxiety, and depression; 2. The bridge symptoms of the network of middle school students' mental health and problematic mobile phone use were academic stress, psychological disequilibrium, and "depression without phone".

Conclusion: Reducing the time of smartphone use and relieving anxiety and depression can improve the mental health of middle school students and reduce the incidence of problematic mobile phone use; helping middle school students adjust their study pressure and improving their social support level can reduce the severity of problematic mobile phone use.

Purpose: This study aims to examine the relationship between loneliness and hopelessness and mobile phone addiction (MPA) in non-suicidal self-injury (NSSI) adolescents, exploring the mediating role of problem-focused and emotion-focused coping.

Methods: This cross-sectional study recruited a total of 1545 NSSI adolescents and 553 non-NSSI adolescents from over 20 specialized psychiatric hospitals across multiple provinces in China. The participants were asked to complete the Beck's Hopelessness Scale, UCLA Loneliness Scale, Coping Style Scale, and Mobile Phone Addiction Index questionnaire. We mainly used the t-tests and structural equation model to analyze the data.

Results: T-tests showed that NSSI adolescents had lower scores on problem-focused coping and higher scores on MPA, loneliness, hopelessness, and emotion-focused coping than non-NSSI adolescents. Structural equation model showed that loneliness and hopelessness were positively related to MPA for non-NSSI adolescents. Hopelessness was positively related to MPA for NSSI adolescents. Emotion-focused coping played a mediating role in the relationship between loneliness/hopelessness and MPA for both NSSI and non-NSSI adolescents.

Conclusion: These findings suggest that NSSI adolescents with loneliness and hopelessness may have mobile phone dependence, highlighting the mediating role of emotion-focused coping style. Such findings help to understand the formation mechanism of MPA for adolescents with NSSI. Alleviating the loneliness and hopelessness and improving adaptive coping styles of adolescents with NSSI have potential implications for reducing their MPA.

Background: The mental health of graduate students is increasingly turning into one of the main issues in global health. Understanding the antecedents of graduate students' mental health and finding ways to improve the situation are crucial for the students and the entire educational system.

Purpose: This study explores the relationship between supervisor narcissism and graduate students' mental health. Additionally, the study examines the mediating effects of mentorship styles (relationship-oriented and task-oriented) and the moderating role of student's proactive personality.

Methods: This study conducted a three-wave survey, with each wave administered at four-month intervals, involving 547 graduate students. They completed questionnaires on supervisor narcissism, mentorship styles, proactive personality, and mental health. SPSS 26.0 was used to test our hypotheses.

Results: This study indicated that: (1) Supervisor narcissism was negatively associated with graduate students' mental health, fully mediated by relationship-oriented and task-oriented mentorships; (2) Graduate students' proactive personalities moderated the relationship between these mentorship styles and their mental health; (3) Graduate students' proactive personalities moderated the indirect effect of supervisor narcissism on students' mental health through these mentorship styles.

Conclusion: This study reveals the detrimental mechanisms through which supervisor narcissism affects graduate students' mental health. It also demonstrates that enhancing students' proactive personalities can mitigate these adverse effects. These findings provide empirical evidence within the context of higher education. Practical implications are provided for supervisors, students, and university administrators, emphasizing the importance of effectively matching supervisors with students and promoting students' proactive personalities. These measures are essential for improving the mental health of graduate students.

Background: Mental health is crucial to overall well-being. Despite an increase in mental disorders over the past few decades, public awareness remains slow-growing, and stigmatization towards psychotropic medications persists. Therefore, this study aimed to identify knowledge and perceptions of psychotropic drugs among the general population in the Makkah Region, Saudi Arabia.

Methods: A questionnaire-based cross-sectional study was conducted among adults aged 18 years old and older, living in the Makkah Region, Saudi Arabia, from 1 January to 30 April 2024. Descriptive statistics were used to describe participants' characteristics, and categorical variables were reported as frequencies and percentages. A Chi-square test was used to examine the relationships between variables.

Results: A total of 717 participants were involved in the study: (52%) were from Jeddah, (25.9%) were from Taif, and (22%) were from Makkah. The mean age was 33.9 years, and 67.1% were females. Among the participants, (20.8%) had experienced a psychiatric illness, (41.7%) had a member of the family who suffered from a psychiatric illness, (39.5%) had a family member who used a psychiatric drug, and only 25 (7%) had a child suffering from a psychiatric illness. Specifically, 20.8% of those with a psychiatric illness demonstrated good knowledge (P=0.001), 16.1% of those with a family history of psychiatric illness had good knowledge (P=0.007), 16.3% with family use of psychiatric drugs had good knowledge (P=0.006), and 24.5% of those who used psychiatric drugs had high knowledge (P=0.001). Overall, (40.6%) of participants had a low level of knowledge and perception about psychotropic drugs, (47.8%) had a moderate knowledge and perception level, and only (11.6%) had high knowledge and perception.

Conclusion: Psychological well-being is crucial for health, but misconceptions persist, acting as barriers that impede people from seeking and accepting necessary psychiatric care. The findings highlight the need for targeted public education and healthcare professional training to improve Confirmed understanding and reduce stigma around psychotropic drugs in Saudi Arabia. A multifaceted approach involving policy development, community outreach, and ongoing research is essential for enhancing mental health outcomes and treatment accessibility.

Purpose: The primary aim of this study is to investigate the mediating role of school adaptation in the impact of adolescent bullying victimization on mental health, as well as the gender differences therein. These findings offer a novel perspective for parents and educators, aiding bullied adolescents in managing and addressing mental health concerns.

Methods: The primary data source for this study was the 2020/2021 Adolescent Health Theme Database from the China Population Health Data Center (PHDA). The research sample consisted of high school students from 16 cities in Shandong Province. Descriptive statistics, reliability and validity testing, structural equation modeling, as well as mediation analysis and multiple group analysis were conducted using SPSS 26.0 and AMOS 26.0.

Results: School adaptation serves as a mediating variable between adolescent bullying and mental health. The model fit indices are as follows: GFI=0.946, AGFI=0.922, RMSEA=0.070, NFI=0.978, IFI=0.979, CFI=0.97. Even when considering gender, the model still demonstrates good fit. School bullying has significant negative effects on the mental health of both male and female victims (p<0.05). For female victims, the mitigating effect of school adaptation on mental health is slightly lower than that for males (-2.256). Regarding cyberbullying, male victims face a greater threat to mental health (-3.234), with a impact of -0.109 from cyberbullying on male mental health and -0.065 from school bullying on female mental health.

Conclusion: The school is found to mediate between school bullying, cyberbullying, and mental health. Schools may play a greater role in improving female mental health than male mental health. The impact of campus bullying on female mental health is greater than that of cyberbullying, whereas the opposite is true for males. Enhancing adolescents' school adaptation levels helps mitigate the adverse effects of school and cyberbullying on adolescent mental health.

Objective: Exploring the core and bridge nodes in problematic social network use and alexithymia among freshmen to provide a basis for understanding the relationship and interventions.

Methods: A total of 4057 first-year students from four universities in Shandong Province were chosen and surveyed with the Problematic Mobile Social Media Use Assessment Questionnaire and the Toronto Alexithymia Scale (TAS). Network analysis was performed using R to estimate the connections between nodes. Centrality and predictability indicators were used to identify key nodes, with accuracy and stability validation techniques applied. Gender and residence differences in the network structure were also examined.

Results: In the problematic social network use network, the nodes with the highest expected influence were P16 (excessive swiping) and P14 (lack of control over phone usage). In the problematic social network use-alexithymia network, cognitive failure had the highest strength (strength = 1.155) and centrality. Difficulty identifying feelings (bridgestrength = 0.32), externally oriented thoughts (bridgestrength = 0.24), and cognitive failure (bridgestrength = 0.19) were key bridge nodes. No significant differences were found in the network structure across gender and residence, though the network was tightly connected.

Conclusion: Cognitive failure plays a central role in problematic social network use among freshmen. Difficulty identifying feelings, externally oriented thoughts, and cognitive failure are critical in linking problematic social network use with alexithymia.