Psychology Research and Behavior Management最新文献

Background: Characterizing variability in youth mental health trajectories from risk to resilience is crucial for elucidating the heterogeneity present within clinical populations. Limited knowledge exists regarding the intergenerational associations of resilience factors. The present study aimed to examine the associations between resilience factors and psychopathology in youth referred for outpatient psychiatric evaluation and their parents.

Methods: Dyads of children and their parents (N=99; 99 children and 99 parents) treated in a child and adolescent psychiatry outpatient clinic completed assessments for resilience factors and internalizing psychopathology. Internalizing symptoms were assessed using the Patient Health Questionnaire-9 (PHQ-9) and the Generalized Anxiety Disorder 7-item scale (GAD-7); resilience factors were measured using the Risk and Resilience (R&R) battery, focusing on self-reliance and emotion regulation.

Results: Youth's emotion regulation and self-reliance demonstrated inverse associations with their anxiety and depressive composite score, derived by averaging standardized PHQ-9 and GAD-7 scores to represent internalizing symptoms (β=-0.5, p <0.0001; β=-0.27, p = 0.001 respectively). Parental emotion regulation was inversely associated with parental anxiety and depressive symptoms (β=-0.70, p <0.0001), but parental self-reliance was not (β=0.04, p=0.67). No intergenerational correlation was identified between parent-child anxiety and depressive symptoms (P-values>0.38) nor between resilience factors (P-values>0.47). Lastly, multivariate analyses revealed no association for parental anxiety and depressive symptoms or resilience factors with child symptoms.

Conclusion: These findings contribute to the growing body of evidence on the relationship between the resilience factors of emotional regulation and self-reliance and anxiety-depression symptoms in youth. However, no intergenerational associations were observed between of resilience factors and internalizing psychopathology in both parents and youth.

Attachment-based interventions represent a key strategy for improving the well-being of children in foster and adoptive care. These interventions are designed to strengthen parent-child relationships, as demonstrated by measurable outcomes such as increased attachment security, improved psychosocial adjustment, and enhanced parenting effectiveness. This systematic review synthesizes research on the effectiveness of widely implemented programs, including Attachment and Biobehavioral Catch-up (ABC), Video-Feedback Intervention to Promote Positive Parenting (VIPP), and Parent-Child Interaction Therapy (PCIT). The evidence suggests that these interventions consistently enhance caregiver sensitivity, reduce behavioral difficulties in children, and promote caregiver mental health. However, the long-term effects of these interventions, particularly regarding placement stability and sustained child well-being, remain unclear. This highlights the need for additional longitudinal research to clarify enduring outcomes and address current gaps. Based on these findings, future work should prioritize evaluating long-term effects and tailoring interventions to individual child and caregiver circumstances to maximize effectiveness and sustainability.

Background: Breast cancer diagnosis and subsequent modified radical mastectomy represent a profound psychological threat for young and middle-aged patients, potentially serving as a catalyst for post-traumatic growth. However, the subjective lived experience of post-traumatic growth in this specific population remains poorly understood, limiting the development of targeted psychosocial support.

Purpose: To explore the lived experience of post-traumatic growth in young and middle-aged breast cancer patients after modified radical mastectomy, providing a reference for individualized nursing interventions in clinical practice.

Patients and methods: Using phenomenological research methods, semi-structured interviews were conducted with 13 young and middle-aged breast cancer patients after modified radical mastectomy. The results were organized and analyzed using Colaizzi's phenomenological data analysis method, and themes were extracted.

Results: The refined themes can be divided into three main themes and six subthemes: traumatic experiences (disease burden, psychological burden), psychological adaptation (multifaceted social support, proactive self-coping), and self-growth (positive transformation, planning for a bright future).

Conclusion: Our findings reveal that post-traumatic growth in young and middle-aged breast cancer patients after modified radical mastectomy is dynamic, influenced by multiple factors. This necessitates personalized, stage-specific nursing interventions and robust social support to facilitate psychological adjustment and promote growth.

Background: Patients with chronic illnesses frequently exhibit symptoms including self-stigma, insomnia, depression, and anxiety. While previous research has primarily focused on the effects of individual symptoms, a comprehensive analysis of the complex interactions among these symptoms remains lacking. The present study investigates these interactions using network analysis.

Methods: The study collected data on the psychological status of 406 patients using self-assessment scales (sleep/anxiety/depression scales). We conducted network analyses with the R packages botnet and qgraph to evaluate the bridging relationships between symptom networks and the strength of these networks. Additionally, we analyzed the interrelationships among the various symptoms of self-stigma, insomnia, depression, and anxiety, and explored the core and bridging symptoms within the symptom networks.

Results: Network analyses identified self-stigma emotions and daytime conditions as the core symptoms of self-stigma and insomnia within the dimensional network models of self-stigma, depression, anxiety, and insomnia. The most significant bridging symptoms in these models were anxiety, depression, self-stigma, emotions, and daytime conditions. In contrast, the prominent bridging symptoms in the self-stigma, depression, anxiety, and insomnia dimensional network models were SD6 (Bad mood or unstable mood during the day), AN2 (Unable to stop or control worrying), DP2 (Feeling down, depressed, hopeless), and SS1 (Patient identity is burdens). Additionally, SS9 (Illness-concealed social avoidance) and SD7 (Poor or unstable mental state during daytime physical activities) emerged as the core symptoms of self-stigma and insomnia symptoms, respectively.

Conclusion: This network analysis identified self-stigma cognition and sleep quality as central symptoms within the self-stigma-insomnia network structure. It pinpointed a lack of interest and pleasure in activities, along with the inability to stop or control worrying, as bridge symptoms in the self-stigma-insomnia-depression and self-stigma-insomnia-anxiety network structures.

Background: Recent studies have indicated a possible connection between impaired mitochondrial bioenergetics and neurodevelopmental disorders (NDDs) such autism spectrum disorder (ASD), attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), and Tourette's syndrome (TS). The precise causal relationship between them is yet uncertain. This study utilized bidirectional dual-sample Mendelian randomization (MR) analysis to investigate the causal relationship between Mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) copy quantity, an indicator of mitochondrial malfunction, and NDDs.

Methods: The study utilized data from the Psychiatric Genomics Consortium (PGC) and IEU OpenGWAS Project database to investigate the relationship between mtDNA copy number and NDDs using MR method. The accuracy and confidence of our results were evaluated using the inverse-variance weighted (IVW) method along with sensitivity analyses such as weighted median, MR-Egger, and MR-PRESSO. Additionally, we conducted the same procedure in the reverse manner with instruments for NDDs.

Results: A notable correlation was discovered between mtDNA copy number and ASD (OR=0.78, 95% CI: 0.65-0.94, P=0.0077). Furthermore, confirmatory GWAS data analysis yielded similar results, which were even more significant (OR=0.80, 95% CI: 0.68-0.93, P=0.0047). However, bidirectional two-sample MR analysis did not reveal significant correlations between mtDNA copy number and ADHD or TS.

Conclusion: This study has uncovered a significant genetic causal relationship between mtDNA copy number and ASD. No associations were discovered between ADHD and TS during the investigation. Due to the inherent constraints of MR investigations, additional study is needed to definitively clarify these genetic causal links.

Purpose: Youth in Saudi Arabia increasingly face mental health challenges such as anxiety, depression, and stress-related disorders. These issues are compounded by stigma, academic pressure, and limited access to mental health education. Mental health literacy (MHL) remains low, delaying recognition of symptoms and help-seeking. This study aimed to develop and validate a bilingual Reusable Learning Object (RLO) to enhance youth's understanding of mental health, with a focus on the neuroendocrine system's role in mood regulation.

Methodology: The RLO was developed in English using the open-source Xerte software, guided by the ASPIRE framework (Aims, Storyboarding, Production, Implementation, Release, Evaluation). The 11-page interactive module covers key topics including the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis, stress response, symptoms of common mental disorders, misconceptions, and self-help strategies. Multimedia and interactive elements such as animations, flash cards, hotspot images were used to enhance engagement. During RLO development, a panel of experts conducted iterative reviews to ensure the content accuracy and instructional quality. A 2-page of built-in Mental Health literacy instrument using a validated questionnaire was used for evaluation.The module was forward- and back-translated to produce an Arabic version, followed by content validation from six bilingual subject matter experts in Mental Health topics.

Results: Expert reviewers were able to capture the RLO's clarity, educational value, and suitability for youth. Strengths included interactivity, visual appeal, and a manageable completion time (10-15 minutes). Recommendations included reducing cognitive load, improving conceptual flow, and enhancing feedback on quiz items. Minor technical and linguistic issues were also addressed. For content validation of the Mental Health literacy instrument, a score of S-VA/Ave was 0.761, indicating that most items were considered relevant by most experts. The low UA of 0.188 was addressed by modifying the RLO content and to preserve the English validated questionnaire integrity.

Conclusion: This study presents a rigorously developed and validated bilingual RLO aimed at improving MHL among youth in Saudi Arabia.

Introduction: The present study reports the prevalence of acute post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) symptoms (2 months post-injury) and chronic PTSD symptoms (6 and 12 months post-injury) among road trauma survivors. We also examine baseline factors as potential predictors of acute and chronic PTSD symptoms post-injury.

Methods: This study followed a prospective cohort, enrolling 1480 survivors in Canada, between July 2018 and March 2020. PTSD symptoms were measured with the Post-traumatic Check-List Scale (PCL-S) at 2, 6, and 12 months post-injury. Baseline sociodemographic, psychological, medical, and injury-related factors were examined as predictors of acute and long-term PTSD symptoms using multivariable logistic regression.

Results: PTSD symptoms were reported by 241 of 1074 participants (22.4%) at 2 months, 167 of 935 (17.9%) at 6 months, and 141 of 872 (16.2%) at 12 months. Female sex, Asian ethnicity, more retrospectively reported pre-injury somatic symptoms, greater pre-injury psychological distress, and being a pedestrian (vs a driver) were consistently linked to higher odds of PTSD symptoms at 2 and 6 months. At 2 months, younger age, greater pre-injury pain catastrophizing, uncertain recovery expectations, and head or spine/back injuries were additional significant predictors, while by 6 months, having neck injury remained significant. By 12 months, chronic PTSD symptoms was associated with greater pre-injury pain catastrophizing, lower pre-injury health-related quality of life, and spine/back injury. Injury pain remained a predictor across all follow-ups.

Conclusion: PTSD symptom prevalence among survivors decreased between 2 and 6 months post-injury, but recovery rate slowed thereafter, with reduction between 6 and 12 months being much smaller than the earlier decrease. Furthermore, as some significant factors are modifiable, early interventions-such as effective pain management, psychological support, and coping strategy training-may help mitigate PTSD symptoms. Brief screening for psychological distress and pain catastrophizing could further support timely identification and referral of high-risk patients.

Introduction: Inadequate sleep is linked to increased mental distress, and mental disorders often impair sleep quality, suggesting a bidirectional relationship. University students are particularly vulnerable to mental health issues due to academic pressures and related personal experiences. This study assesses sleep quality among university students in Jazan, Saudi Arabia, and its association with depression, anxiety, and stress levels.

Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted among university students in online settings. The questionnaire collected demographic data, assessed anxiety, depression, and stress using the DASS-21, and measured sleep quality with the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI). Statistical significance was tested using either Chi-squared tests or Fisher's exact tests and followed up by logistic regression to calculate the odds of poor sleep quality among the students according to the levels of depression, anxiety, and stress.

Results: Of 508 participating students, 74% reported poor sleep quality. A statistically significant association was found between poor sleep quality and the presence of anxiety, depression, and stress (all P<0.001). Abnormal stress levels were associated with higher odds of poor sleep 4.68 [2.8-7.7], followed by higher odds of poor sleep quality among students with anxiety 3.62 [2.38-5.52] and higher odds of poor sleep quality among students with depression 3.31 [2.1-4.99]. All seven PSQI components were significantly associated with depression, anxiety, and stress (P<0.05), except for sleep duration and stress, as well as sleep duration and depression, which had a marginally significant association (P=0.065). Depression showed a higher association with subjective sleep quality, daytime dysfunction, and sleep disturbances compared to stress and anxiety.

Conclusion: The majority of university students in this study experienced poor sleep quality, which was significantly associated with higher levels of depression, anxiety, and stress. The study highlights the critical importance of addressing poor mental health in university students and its strong correlation with sleep quality.

[This corrects the article DOI: 10.2147/PRBM.S532794.].

Background: Eating behavior is essential to school-age children's physical and psychological well-being. Parenting style plays a critical role in shaping these behaviors, and social anxiety may be an underlying mechanism linking the two.

Objective: This study aimed to examine whether social anxiety mediates the association between parenting style and eating behavior among school-age children.

Materials and methods: Between August 2022 and February 2023, a cross-sectional study was conducted involving 1016 children aged 6 to 12 and their parents. Participants completed the Parenting Style Scale, the Dutch Eating Behavior Questionnaire, and the Social Anxiety Scale for Children. Pearson correlation coefficients were calculated to assess associations between variables. Structural equation modeling and the Bootstrap method were used to test mediation effects.

Results: Children's eating behavior was positively correlated with maternal negative parenting style and negatively correlated with maternal warmth and understanding. Social anxiety partially mediated the effect of maternal negative parenting on eating behavior, accounting for 15.1% of the total effect.

Conclusion: Maternal negative parenting may increase children's social anxiety, which in turn contributes to poor eating behavior. Interventions promoting positive parenting and greater paternal involvement could reduce children's anxiety and foster healthier dietary habits.