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Hydraulic Activity and Synthetic Characteristics of Precipitated Calcium Carbonate according to Geological Properties of Limestone 从石灰岩地质性质看沉淀碳酸钙的水力活性及合成特性
Pub Date : 2014-01-01 DOI: 10.4144/RPSJ.61.26
Ye-Jin Yang, Jung-Ah Kim, Seong-Young Nam, Jin Kim, Ji-Whan Ahn
The objective of this study is to examine the effects of the geological properties of limestone on the synthetic characteristics of precipitated calcium carbonate (PCC) and hydraulic activity. Four groups of limestone samples from eight different limestone deposits according to formation age have been studied. With greater formation age of limestone such as samples from the Paleozoic Ordovician (500~430 million years ago), more calcite twins were presented. Whereas the newest limestone from the Cenozoic Tertiary (65~2 million years ago) had no calcite twins. Furthermore, hydraulic activity and the production yield of aragonite-shaped PCC increased with lower formation age of limestone.
本研究的目的是研究石灰石的地质性质对沉淀碳酸钙(PCC)的合成特性和水力活动的影响。根据形成年代,对8个不同石灰岩矿床的4组石灰岩样品进行了研究。随着古生代奥陶系(5亿~ 4.3亿年前)灰岩的形成年龄增大,方解石孪晶出现较多。而来自新生代第三纪(距今6500万~ 200万年前)的最新石灰岩则没有方解石双胞胎。此外,文石状PCC的水力活度和产量随石灰岩地层年龄的降低而增加。
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引用次数: 3
Rare Metals and Possibility for Recycling 稀有金属及其回收利用的可能性
Pub Date : 2014-01-01 DOI: 10.4144/RPSJ.61.83
S. Nishimura, J. Shibata, M. Sano
Rare metal resources remain after their utilization, which are different from energy resources. We have a lot of industrial wastes, that is, urban mine in Japan. It is important to recycle valuable rare metals from the industrial wastes by applying suitable separation technologies. The contents of rare metals are usually higher than those of natural resources. They could be used without mining from the ground, though it is necessary to collect a certain amount. The importance of rare metal recycling is discussed here from the various aspects.
稀有金属资源不同于能源资源,其利用后会留下一些资源。我们有很多工业废料,也就是日本的城市矿山。采用合适的分离技术从工业废渣中回收有价稀有金属具有重要意义。稀有金属的含量通常高于自然资源的含量。它们可以不从地下开采而被使用,尽管有必要收集一定数量。本文从各个方面论述了稀有金属回收利用的重要性。
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引用次数: 0
Sulfuric Acid Leaching Behavior of Nickel, Cobalt and Aluminum from Alkaline Leaching Residue of Spent Hydrodesulphurization Catalysts 废加氢脱硫催化剂碱浸渣中镍、钴和铝的硫酸浸出行为
Pub Date : 2014-01-01 DOI: 10.4144/RPSJ.61.170
K. Manabe, A. Fuji, Tasuma Suzuki, Masakazu Niinae, J. Shibata
Catalysts are widely used in petroleum refining and chemical industries. Hydrodesulphurization (HDS) catalysts account for about one third of the total worldwide catalyst consumption. Spent HDS catalysts contain rare metals such as molybdenum, vanadium, nickel and cobalt on an alumina carrier. Among secondary resources, spent HDS catalysts are regarded the most important catalysts for recycling these metals due to not only their large amounts and economic values, but also the environmental concerns if disposed of. In most cases, spent catalysts are treated with hydrometal lurgical leaching processes such as caustic leaching and acid leaching with roasting as a pre-treatment step. In the alka line leaching processes such as sodium carbonate roasting followed by water leaching, most of the molybdenum and vanadium are selectively leached and most of nickel and cobalt are left in the residue after the alkaline leaching of spent HDS catalysts. Therefore, it is important to recover nickel and cobalt from the residue. The main form of nickel and co - balt in the residue is spinel, therefore, it is difficult to extract nickel and cobalt from the residue using mineral acids. In the present study, the effect of grinding, acid concentration, leaching temperature and stirring speed on the leaching efficiency of nickel and cobalt from the residue after sodium carbonate roasting followed by water leaching of spent HDS catalysts with sulfuric acid was investigated. The grinding, sulfuric acid concentration and leaching temper ature significantly affected the leaching efficiency of nickel, cobalt and aluminum. However, the extraction of nickel and cobalt was ca. 80% and ca. 60%, respectively. The spinel was not affected by only mechanical grinding, therefore, it was considered that the extraction of nickel and cobalt was relatively low.
催化剂广泛应用于石油炼制和化学工业。加氢脱硫(HDS)催化剂约占全球催化剂总消费量的三分之一。废HDS催化剂在氧化铝载体上含有钼、钒、镍和钴等稀有金属。在二次资源中,废HDS催化剂被认为是回收这些金属最重要的催化剂,因为它们不仅数量大、经济价值高,而且处理后也会引起环境问题。在大多数情况下,废催化剂用湿金属浸出工艺处理,如碱浸和酸浸,焙烧作为预处理步骤。在碳酸钠焙烧后水浸等碱线浸出工艺中,大部分钼和钒被选择性浸出,而大部分镍和钴在废HDS催化剂碱浸后残留在残渣中。因此,从废渣中回收镍和钴具有重要意义。渣中镍、钴主要以尖晶石形式存在,因此采用无机酸法从渣中提取镍、钴较为困难。研究了磨矿、酸浓度、浸出温度和搅拌速度对碳酸钠焙烧后废HDS催化剂硫酸水浸渣中镍和钴浸出效率的影响。磨矿、硫酸浓度和浸出温度对镍、钴和铝的浸出效率影响显著。镍和钴的提取率分别为80%和60%左右。尖晶石不受机械研磨的影响,因此,认为镍和钴的提取率相对较低。
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引用次数: 2
Mechanism of As(V) Removal in Wastewater Treatment Using Fe(III)-Supported Exchange Resins Fe(III)负载交换树脂处理废水中As(V)的去除机理
Pub Date : 2014-01-01 DOI: 10.4144/RPSJ.61.3
F. Futami, C. Tokoro, Sayaka Izawa, S. Owada
the pH, resulting in the precipitation of heavy metal pollutants 11 . Arsenate (As(V)) and arsenite (As(III)), which are the predominant in-organic arsenic species present in natural aquatic Abstract As(V) removal mechanism using Fe(III)-supported ion exchange resins was elucidated by adsorption isotherms and X-ray absorption fine structure spectroscopy. Fe(III) substituted almost all counter ions in the resin at pH 2 during 1-h reaction; the Langmuir exchange capacity was 1.87 mmol Fe/g-resin. The Fe(III)-supported resin comprised ≈65% Fe(III) and ≈35% ferrihydrite. Under pH 3 and arsenic concentration of 10 mg/dm 3 conditions, a sorption density of 0.035 mmol As/g-resin was obtained after 1-h reaction, and increased to 0.74 mmol As/g-resin after 120-h reaction. As(V) remov al proceeded mainly via surface precipitation of poorly crystalline ferric arsenate via co-precipitation between As(V) and Fe(III); also, some As(V) adsorbed on ferrihydrite.
pH值,导致重金属污染物的沉淀。摘要通过吸附等温线和x射线吸收精细结构光谱分析,研究了铁(III)负载离子交换树脂对砷(V)的去除机理。在pH值为2的条件下,1 h内Fe(III)几乎取代了树脂中所有的反离子;Langmuir交换容量为1.87 mmol Fe/g-resin。铁(III)负载树脂由≈65%的铁(III)和≈35%的水合铁组成。在pH 3、砷浓度为10 mg/dm 3的条件下,反应1 h后吸附密度为0.035 mmol As/g-resin,反应120 h后吸附密度提高到0.74 mmol As/g-resin。As(V)的去除主要通过As(V)和Fe(III)共析出的结晶度差的砷酸铁表面析出进行;也有部分砷(V)吸附在水合铁上。
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引用次数: 3
Removal of Harmful Anions in Aqueous Solution with Various Layered Double Hydroxides 不同层状双氢氧化物对水溶液中有害阴离子的去除
Pub Date : 2013-01-01 DOI: 10.4144/RPSJ.60.131
N. Murayama, D. Sakamoto, J. Shibata, M. Valix
Four types of layered double hydroxides (LDHs) were synthesized by a co-precipitation method. The ability of various LDHs to remove anionic species including As(III), As(V), B, Cr(VI) and Se(IV) was investigated. Removal tests were performed primarily by a batch operation. The Cr(VI) removal was conducted by both batch and column studies. For the column removal tests, LDH pellets were prepared using a granulator and 5% poly-vinyl alcohol solution as binder. Among the LDHs tested, Mg-Al-NO 3 − LDH showed the optimal removal of anionic species, and it demonstrated excellent removal of As(V), Se(IV) and Cr(VI) particularly at the low anionic con- centrations. The order of anionic removal by the LDHs is as follows; Mg-Al-NO 3 − LDH > Mg-Al-Cl − LDH >> Mg-Al-SO 42 − LDH > Mg-Al-CO 32 − LDH. The selective uptake of anion had the following order; As(V) > Se(IV) > Cr(VI) > As(III) > B. This study has demonstrated the uptake of harmful anions is influenced by the two specific factors, (1) the originally intercalated anions in the LDH, and (2) valency of anionic target species in aqueous solution. Column study also demonstrated that about 350 times Cr(VI) in solution per unit volume of LDH pellet can be removed, though this resulted in minor change in pH of the solution and greater NO 3 − elution. This study has revealed the ability of LDH to remove harmful anionic species and its practical application in wastewater treat- ment.
采用共沉淀法合成了四种层状双氢氧化物。考察了不同LDHs对As(III)、As(V)、B、Cr(VI)和Se(IV)等阴离子的去除能力。清除测试主要通过批处理操作执行。Cr(VI)的去除采用批式和柱式两种方法进行。在除柱试验中,采用造粒机和5%聚乙烯醇溶液作为粘合剂制备LDH球团。mg - al - no3−LDH对阴离子的去除效果最好,对As(V)、Se(IV)和Cr(VI)的去除效果最好,特别是在低阴离子浓度下。LDHs去除阴离子的顺序如下:Mg-Al-NO 3−LDH > Mg-Al-Cl−LDH >> Mg-Al-SO 42−LDH > Mg-Al-CO 32−LDH。阴离子的选择性摄取顺序如下;As(V) > Se(IV) > Cr(VI) > As(III) > B.本研究表明,有害阴离子的吸收受到两个特定因素的影响,(1)LDH中最初插入的阴离子,(2)水溶液中阴离子靶种的价态。柱状研究还表明,每单位体积LDH颗粒可以去除溶液中约350倍的Cr(VI),尽管这导致溶液pH变化不大,但no3−洗脱量较大。本研究揭示了LDH去除有害阴离子的能力及其在废水处理中的实际应用。
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引用次数: 6
A Study on Precipitation Recovery of Molybdenum from Aqueous Solutions of Ammonium Chloride 从氯化铵水溶液中沉淀回收钼的研究
Pub Date : 2013-01-01 DOI: 10.4144/RPSJ.60.151
Masakazu Niinae, Tasuma Suzuki, A. Fuji, Nanae Matsunaga, J. Shibata
Catalysts are widely used in petroleum refining and chemical industries. Hydrodesulphurization (HDS) catalysts account for about one third of the total worldwide catalyst consumption. Spent HDS catalysts contain rare metals such as molybdenum, vanadium, nickel and cobalt on an alumina carrier. Among secondary resources, spent HDS catalysts are regarded the most important catalysts for recycling these metals due to not only their large amounts and economic values, but also the environmental concerns if disposed off. In most cases, spent catalysts are treated with hydromet- allurgical leaching processes such as caustic leaching and acid leaching with roasting as a pre-treatment step. In the alkaline leaching processes, most of the molybdenum and vanadium are selectively leached over aluminum, nickel and cobalt. Vanadium can be separated from molybdenum with a two stage process based on solvent extraction and precipitation stripping. Molybdenum and vanadium are simultaneously extracted with tri-n-octylamine (TOA) at around pH 4 followed by stripping of molybdenum and vanadium with ammonium salt solutions. In the stripping process, vanadium alone is precipitated as ammonium salts of tetraammonium disodium decavanadate decahydrate at pH > 8. In the present study, precipitation method was carried out to recovery of molybdenum from aqueous solutions of ammonium chloride. Molybdenum could be precipitated as tetraammonium octamolybdate pentahydrate with ammo- nium chloride at the pH below 4 and the pH region of precipitation increased with increase of temperature. And also, the precipitation of molybdenum with barium chloride and calcium chloride was also investigated.
催化剂广泛应用于石油炼制和化学工业。加氢脱硫(HDS)催化剂约占全球催化剂总消费量的三分之一。废HDS催化剂在氧化铝载体上含有钼、钒、镍和钴等稀有金属。在二次资源中,废HDS催化剂被认为是回收这些金属最重要的催化剂,因为它们不仅数量大、经济价值高,而且处理后还会引起环境问题。在大多数情况下,用湿法-变态反应法处理催化剂,如碱浸和酸浸,焙烧作为预处理步骤。在碱浸过程中,大部分钼和钒选择性地浸出于铝、镍和钴之上。采用溶剂萃取和沉淀汽提两阶段工艺从钼中分离钒。在pH约为4的条件下,用三正辛胺(TOA)同时提取钼和钒,然后用铵盐溶液剥离钼和钒。汽提过程中,单钒在pH > 8时以十水十氰酸四铵二钠铵盐的形式析出。本研究采用沉淀法从氯化铵水溶液中回收钼。钼与氯化铵在pH低于4时可析出为五水八钼酸四铵,且析出的pH区随温度的升高而增大。并对氯化钡和氯化钙对钼的沉淀进行了研究。
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引用次数: 3
Galvanic Leaching of Copper in Waste Printed Circuit Boards Using Manganese Dioxide in Spent Zinc-Carbon Batteries 用废锌碳电池中的二氧化锰电浸废印刷电路板中的铜
Pub Date : 2013-01-01 DOI: 10.4144/RPSJ.60.174
H. Nakazawa, Naofumi Hayashi, Wataru Hareyama
Spent zinc-carbon batteries and alkaline batteries contain manganese dioxide, but they are bur- ied in landfill sites without being recycled in Japan. Manganese dioxide is nobler than metal copper. The contact between both materials causes galvanic interactions, and manganese dioxide acts cath- ode to be reduced while copper reacts as anode to be oxidized. We have investigated the galvanic leaching of copper in shredded printed circuit boards using manganese dioxide recovered from spent zinc-carbon batteries. The dissolution of copper was enhanced in the presence of manganese dioxide in sulfuric acid solution with pH 1.0. The extraction yield of copper was 90% in the presence of manganese dioxide in 8 hour leaching while 16% of copper dissolved in the absence. Effects of fac-tors such as pH, amount of manganese dioxide and temperature on the leaching of copper were also examined.
废弃的锌碳电池和碱性电池含有二氧化锰,但在日本,它们被埋在垃圾填埋场,没有得到回收利用。二氧化锰比金属铜更高贵。两种材料之间的接触引起电相互作用,二氧化锰作为阴极被还原,而铜作为阳极被氧化。我们研究了用从废锌碳电池中回收的二氧化锰从粉碎的印刷电路板中电浸出铜。在pH为1.0的硫酸溶液中,二氧化锰的存在促进了铜的溶解。在有二氧化锰存在的情况下,8小时铜的浸出率为90%,无二氧化锰存在的情况下铜的浸出率为16%。考察了pH、二氧化锰用量、温度等因素对铜浸出的影响。
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引用次数: 1
Environmental Impact Assessment for Various Feed Processes of Shochu Distillery By-product 烧酒副产各种饲料工艺的环境影响评价
Pub Date : 2013-01-01 DOI: 10.4144/RPSJ.60.72
K. Shimizu, K. Omura, Y. Kitamura, H. Onoda, K. Nagata
This paper aims at evaluating the efficacy of LFS (Liquid Feeding System) which feeds shochu distillery byproduct as liquid feed in a pig farm from a perspective of CO2 emission. Specifically, by obtaining the survey data in the business (brewing manufacturer, pig farm) which adopted LFS in Kagoshima Prefecture, the comparison with the other processes such as the formation of dried feed mainly used in the feed-producing technique, was performed. As a result, it was found that the CO2 emission per pig was reduced 3% as compared with the case where the usual formula feed was used, and the CO2 emission per pig was reduced 18% as compared with the case where the same amount of shochu distillery by-product was made into dried feed. Furthermore, while confirmed that it has an economic advantage over the other processes of feed formation, it was objectively shown that this is a mechanism which is beneficial to both brewing manufacturers and pig farms.
本文旨在从二氧化碳排放的角度评价以烧酒副产物为液体饲料的LFS (Liquid Feeding System)在养猪场的效果。具体而言,通过获得鹿儿岛县采用LFS的企业(酿酒厂、养猪场)的调查数据,与主要用于饲料生产技术的其他工艺(如干燥饲料的形成)进行比较。结果发现,与使用常规配方饲料相比,每头猪的二氧化碳排放量减少了3%,与将相同数量的烧酒副产物制成干饲料相比,每头猪的二氧化碳排放量减少了18%。此外,虽然证实了它比其他饲料形成过程具有经济优势,但客观地表明,这是一种对酿造制造商和养猪场都有益的机制。
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引用次数: 0
鉄粉,レモン汁および太陽光による細菌の殺菌・不活化 利用铁粉、柠檬汁及太阳光杀灭、灭活细菌
Pub Date : 2013-01-01 DOI: 10.4144/RPSJ.60.138
祐麻 鈴木, Noor Diyana Binti Jamil, 正和 新苗
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引用次数: 0
Synthesis of Silicas with Amino Moieties and their Adsorption Properties of Precious Metal Ions in Hydrochloric Acid 氨基硅酸的合成及其对盐酸中贵金属离子的吸附性能
Pub Date : 2013-01-01 DOI: 10.4144/RPSJ.60.145
Y. Sasaki, T. Oshima, Y. Baba
Bis[(N-ethylaminomethyl)-2-pyridine]amino-silica (BEPS) and bis[(N-propylaminomethyl)-2-pyridine]aminosilica (BPPS) as adsorbents have been synthesizing by the sol-gel process. The adsorption experiments were carried out by a bath method. The adsorption ability of palladium(II) on BEPS was higher than that of BPPS whereas adsorption ability of gold(III) on BPPS was higher than that on BEPS. The thermodynamic parameters showed that entropy change of palladium(II) on BEPS was higher than that on BPPS and gold(III) on BPPS was higher than that of BEPS. These indicate that BEPS and BPPS formed high stable chelating complexes with palladium(II) and gold(III), respectively. While the thermodynamic parameters and adsorption rate constants of platinum(IV) on BPPS indicated that the platinum(IV) adsorption on BPPS is due to an electrostatic interaction.
采用溶胶-凝胶法合成了双[(n -乙基氨基甲基)-2-吡啶]氨基二氧化硅(BEPS)和双[(n -丙基氨基甲基)-2-吡啶]氨基二氧化硅(BPPS)作为吸附剂。采用水浴法进行吸附实验。BEPS对钯(II)的吸附能力高于BPPS,对金(III)的吸附能力高于BEPS。热力学参数表明,钯(II)在BEPS上的熵变大于BPPS,金(III)在BPPS上的熵变大于BEPS。这表明BEPS和BPPS分别与钯(II)和金(III)形成了高稳定的螯合配合物。而铂(IV)在BPPS上的热力学参数和吸附速率常数表明,铂(IV)在BPPS上的吸附是由于静电相互作用。
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引用次数: 0
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Resources Processing
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