Seong-Young Nam, Jang-hoon Roh, Ye-Jin Yang, Namil Um, Ji-Whan Ahn, Jin Kim
In the development of mines, risk is latent in a variety of areas. Thus a feasibility study was conducted to determine certain risks. In particular, mineral processing for the recovery of a target mineral constitutes a very large percentage of the cost from the start of a project, and it is an important step in relation to the recovery of funds. In this study, a feasibility study of molybdenum mineral processing is done and comparisons are made between a pilot plant and a commercial plant using the LCCA evaluation method. At the pilot plant, the NPV value of a deterministic approach at five years is $68,984 and the probability that the NPV exceeds 0 is 58.23% according to Monte Carlo simulation done using a probabilistic approach. At the commercial plant, the NPV value with the deterministic approach at five years is –$10,820,473, and it was found that the probability of NPV according to deterministic estimation is 49.91% in a Monte Carlo simulation. As a result, the commercial plant is evaluated as experiencing a loss due to a decrease in the molybdenum concentrate price, whereas a price increase of 20% relative to the current molybdenum concentrate price can meet the margin after five years when the NPV exceeds over 0.
{"title":"A Study on the Economic Evaluation for a Feasibility Study in Molybdenum Mineral Processing","authors":"Seong-Young Nam, Jang-hoon Roh, Ye-Jin Yang, Namil Um, Ji-Whan Ahn, Jin Kim","doi":"10.4144/RPSJ.61.10","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4144/RPSJ.61.10","url":null,"abstract":"In the development of mines, risk is latent in a variety of areas. Thus a feasibility study was conducted to determine certain risks. In particular, mineral processing for the recovery of a target mineral constitutes a very large percentage of the cost from the start of a project, and it is an important step in relation to the recovery of funds. In this study, a feasibility study of molybdenum mineral processing is done and comparisons are made between a pilot plant and a commercial plant using the LCCA evaluation method. At the pilot plant, the NPV value of a deterministic approach at five years is $68,984 and the probability that the NPV exceeds 0 is 58.23% according to Monte Carlo simulation done using a probabilistic approach. At the commercial plant, the NPV value with the deterministic approach at five years is –$10,820,473, and it was found that the probability of NPV according to deterministic estimation is 49.91% in a Monte Carlo simulation. As a result, the commercial plant is evaluated as experiencing a loss due to a decrease in the molybdenum concentrate price, whereas a price increase of 20% relative to the current molybdenum concentrate price can meet the margin after five years when the NPV exceeds over 0.","PeriodicalId":20971,"journal":{"name":"Resources Processing","volume":"72 1","pages":"10-20"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83948417","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This study is aimed to find out the most effective way of the information provision which makes more people to take actions for energy saving. The author examined the result of “Home-eco diagnosis” by analyzing the data collected by a questionnaire, and discuss the method for providing effectively the appropriate energy-saving information.
{"title":"A Study on the Provision of Information on toward Energy-Saving Lifestyle","authors":"Katsumasa Ihara, H. Onoda, K. Nagata","doi":"10.4144/RPSJ.61.54","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4144/RPSJ.61.54","url":null,"abstract":"This study is aimed to find out the most effective way of the information provision which makes more people to take actions for energy saving. The author examined the result of “Home-eco diagnosis” by analyzing the data collected by a questionnaire, and discuss the method for providing effectively the appropriate energy-saving information.","PeriodicalId":20971,"journal":{"name":"Resources Processing","volume":"34 1","pages":"54-61"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81349305","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
A. Shibayama, Masahiro Watanabe, Kazutoshi Haga, A. Hosoi, Y. Takasaki
For the recycling of valuable metals contained in the printed circuit board wastes (PCBW), the effect of temperature on chlorination-volatilization behavior of metals under valuable chlorine resource was investigated. For the experimental sample powder of two types PCBW: crushed PCBW and roasted PCBW was used. The samples were heated at predefined temperatures ranging from 300°C to 900°C with chlorine, argon gas atmosphere or CaCl 2 as a solid chlorine source. Chlorine/Argon gas flow into furnace was set at a rate of 100 mL/min. As a result, most of metals in crushed PCBW did not volatilize regardless the temperature, argon gas atmosphere and CaCl 2 as chlorine source. In contrast, in the Cl 2 gas atmosphere, a lot of metals in crushed and/or roasted PCBW volatilized by raising temperature. Compering the experimental samples, volatilization rate of crushed PCBW is higher than roasted PCBW. This is considered to be influenced by the chemical composition of metals in the samples. When using the crushed PCBW, most metals were volatilized over 90% at 900°C. In addition, in 70% of volatilized metals that were recovered, Cu, Au, Ni were concen -trated. According to the results, valuable metals could be recovered by chlorination volatilization from PCBW.
{"title":"Investigation and Thermodynamic Consideration for Chlorination-Volatilization Behavior of Valuable Metals in Printed Circuit Board Wastes","authors":"A. Shibayama, Masahiro Watanabe, Kazutoshi Haga, A. Hosoi, Y. Takasaki","doi":"10.4144/RPSJ.61.90","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4144/RPSJ.61.90","url":null,"abstract":"For the recycling of valuable metals contained in the printed circuit board wastes (PCBW), the effect of temperature on chlorination-volatilization behavior of metals under valuable chlorine resource was investigated. For the experimental sample powder of two types PCBW: crushed PCBW and roasted PCBW was used. The samples were heated at predefined temperatures ranging from 300°C to 900°C with chlorine, argon gas atmosphere or CaCl 2 as a solid chlorine source. Chlorine/Argon gas flow into furnace was set at a rate of 100 mL/min. As a result, most of metals in crushed PCBW did not volatilize regardless the temperature, argon gas atmosphere and CaCl 2 as chlorine source. In contrast, in the Cl 2 gas atmosphere, a lot of metals in crushed and/or roasted PCBW volatilized by raising temperature. Compering the experimental samples, volatilization rate of crushed PCBW is higher than roasted PCBW. This is considered to be influenced by the chemical composition of metals in the samples. When using the crushed PCBW, most metals were volatilized over 90% at 900°C. In addition, in 70% of volatilized metals that were recovered, Cu, Au, Ni were concen -trated. According to the results, valuable metals could be recovered by chlorination volatilization from PCBW.","PeriodicalId":20971,"journal":{"name":"Resources Processing","volume":"29 1","pages":"90-99"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83583096","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
S. Matsuo, K. Okaya, T. Fujita, Y. Nakajima, Sotaro Masanobu, J. Yamamoto, I. Takahashi
Seafloor hydrothermal deposits, which were formed by deposition of precipitates from hydrothermal fluids vented from seafloor, are one of unconventional mineral resources beneath deep seafloors in the Exclusive Economic Zone of Japan. The authors have proposed a concept for Mineral Processing of Seafloor, where useful minerals are separated on deep seafloor and then lifted while remaining gangue is disposed on seafloor in appropriate ways. In this paper the authors studied the new ball milling system which was adapted under seafloor mineral processing. A simulator for ball mill grinding using simple discrete element method was built for this analysis. In this simulation two conditions in ball milling were examined: the method of grinding by enclosing the inside of a ball mill with air and with sea water. Especially we discussed the implementability of the ball mill grinding fulfilled with water because of the ease of installation in the real operation. Consequently, it was suggested that the grinding phenomenon can be performed effectively by the increase in the existence ratio of iron ball in the first quadrant in the mill. In the case where the mill is filled up with the water, it can be expected that crushing efficiency increases by carrying out ball milling at high rotational rate and with the mixture of the small ball size.
{"title":"Proposal of Ball Milling System Suitable under the Seafloor for Development of Hydrothermal Deposits by Simulation","authors":"S. Matsuo, K. Okaya, T. Fujita, Y. Nakajima, Sotaro Masanobu, J. Yamamoto, I. Takahashi","doi":"10.4144/RPSJ.61.155","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4144/RPSJ.61.155","url":null,"abstract":"Seafloor hydrothermal deposits, which were formed by deposition of precipitates from hydrothermal fluids vented from seafloor, are one of unconventional mineral resources beneath deep seafloors in the Exclusive Economic Zone of Japan. The authors have proposed a concept for Mineral Processing of Seafloor, where useful minerals are separated on deep seafloor and then lifted while remaining gangue is disposed on seafloor in appropriate ways. In this paper the authors studied the new ball milling system which was adapted under seafloor mineral processing. A simulator for ball mill grinding using simple discrete element method was built for this analysis. In this simulation two conditions in ball milling were examined: the method of grinding by enclosing the inside of a ball mill with air and with sea water. Especially we discussed the implementability of the ball mill grinding fulfilled with water because of the ease of installation in the real operation. Consequently, it was suggested that the grinding phenomenon can be performed effectively by the increase in the existence ratio of iron ball in the first quadrant in the mill. In the case where the mill is filled up with the water, it can be expected that crushing efficiency increases by carrying out ball milling at high rotational rate and with the mixture of the small ball size.","PeriodicalId":20971,"journal":{"name":"Resources Processing","volume":"52 1","pages":"155-161"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"91125491","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The observation and evaluation of lattice defects such as vacancies, dislocations, and grain boundaries are very important in materials design. Electrical resistivity measurement is superior to electron microscopy for obtaining average microstructural information, including density and type of lattice defects. The purpose of this study was to estimate changes in electrical resistivity during the tensile deformation of commercial-purity (CP) Ti. The electrical resistivity of a cold-rolled Ti sheet was measured at 77 K (ρ77) and 300 K (ρ300) along the rolling direction (RD) using a direct current (DC) four-point method to determine Matthiessen’s empirical relationship, ρ77 = α/(R – 1) + β, R = ρ300/ρ77. Plots of ρ77 versus 1/(R – 1) showed a linear relationship, and the values of α and β were determined to be 0.5266 and –0.0024, respectively. Changes in ρ77 during tensile deformation were estimated by substituting the resistance ratio R into Matthiessen’s empirical relationship. In the elastic deformation region, no remarkable change in the resistivity was observed. Therefore, the dislocation density did not change significantly. However, the resistivity did increase drastically near the yield point.
晶格缺陷如空位、位错和晶界的观察和评价在材料设计中是非常重要的。电阻率测量在获得平均微观结构信息方面优于电子显微镜，包括晶格缺陷的密度和类型。本研究的目的是估计商业纯度(CP) Ti在拉伸变形过程中电阻率的变化。采用直流四点法测量冷轧Ti薄板沿轧制方向(RD)在77 K (ρ77)和300 K (ρ300)时的电阻率，确定了ρ77 = α/(R - 1) + β， R = ρ300/ρ77的Matthiessen经验关系。ρ77与1/(R - 1)呈线性关系，α值为0.5266，β值为- 0.0024。将阻力比R代入Matthiessen经验关系式，估算拉伸变形过程中ρ77的变化。在弹性变形区，电阻率变化不明显。因此，位错密度变化不明显。然而，在屈服点附近，电阻率确实急剧增加。
{"title":"Measurement of Electrical Resistivity during Tensile Deformation of Pure Ti","authors":"Kousuke Fujita, M. Ueda, M. Ikeda","doi":"10.4144/RPSJ.61.49","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4144/RPSJ.61.49","url":null,"abstract":"The observation and evaluation of lattice defects such as vacancies, dislocations, and grain boundaries are very important in materials design. Electrical resistivity measurement is superior to electron microscopy for obtaining average microstructural information, including density and type of lattice defects. The purpose of this study was to estimate changes in electrical resistivity during the tensile deformation of commercial-purity (CP) Ti. The electrical resistivity of a cold-rolled Ti sheet was measured at 77 K (ρ77) and 300 K (ρ300) along the rolling direction (RD) using a direct current (DC) four-point method to determine Matthiessen’s empirical relationship, ρ77 = α/(R – 1) + β, R = ρ300/ρ77. Plots of ρ77 versus 1/(R – 1) showed a linear relationship, and the values of α and β were determined to be 0.5266 and –0.0024, respectively. Changes in ρ77 during tensile deformation were estimated by substituting the resistance ratio R into Matthiessen’s empirical relationship. In the elastic deformation region, no remarkable change in the resistivity was observed. Therefore, the dislocation density did not change significantly. However, the resistivity did increase drastically near the yield point.","PeriodicalId":20971,"journal":{"name":"Resources Processing","volume":"24 1","pages":"49-53"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81831440","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
N. Murayama, T. Miyoshi, Takumi Hayashi, J. Shibata
like surfactant, chelating agent and so on 16,17 . For exam-ple, various anionic surfactants such as dodecyl sulfate ions, dodecylbenzene sulfonate ions and octane sulfonate ions are easily captured in the LDH structure by an anion exchange reaction. Abstract Layered double hydroxides (LDHs) with hydrophobic surface by surfactant modification were prepared using aluminum dross as a raw material, to develop a new recycling method of aluminum dross. The physical properties including crystal structure, surface texture and contact angle were investigated for the LDHs modified with dodecyl sulfate ions (DS – ) as a surfactant. The removal tests of dilute toluene in aqueous solution were demonstrated using the DS – type LDHs (DS – LDHs). Organic modification of the LDHs synthesized from aluminum dross can be achieved success-fully by an anion exchange with DS – . The toluene in aqueous solution (initial concentration; 10 and 50 mg/dm 3 ) is removed using the DS – LDHs. It was clarified that the DS – LDHs synthesized from aluminum dross can be used as an excellent adsorbent for dilute organic compounds in aqueous solution.
{"title":"Application of Aluminum Dross-Derived Layered Double Hydroxides to Removal of Organic Compounds in Aqueous Solution","authors":"N. Murayama, T. Miyoshi, Takumi Hayashi, J. Shibata","doi":"10.4144/RPSJ.61.32","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4144/RPSJ.61.32","url":null,"abstract":"like surfactant, chelating agent and so on 16,17 . For exam-ple, various anionic surfactants such as dodecyl sulfate ions, dodecylbenzene sulfonate ions and octane sulfonate ions are easily captured in the LDH structure by an anion exchange reaction. Abstract Layered double hydroxides (LDHs) with hydrophobic surface by surfactant modification were prepared using aluminum dross as a raw material, to develop a new recycling method of aluminum dross. The physical properties including crystal structure, surface texture and contact angle were investigated for the LDHs modified with dodecyl sulfate ions (DS – ) as a surfactant. The removal tests of dilute toluene in aqueous solution were demonstrated using the DS – type LDHs (DS – LDHs). Organic modification of the LDHs synthesized from aluminum dross can be achieved success-fully by an anion exchange with DS – . The toluene in aqueous solution (initial concentration; 10 and 50 mg/dm 3 ) is removed using the DS – LDHs. It was clarified that the DS – LDHs synthesized from aluminum dross can be used as an excellent adsorbent for dilute organic compounds in aqueous solution.","PeriodicalId":20971,"journal":{"name":"Resources Processing","volume":"191 1","pages":"32-38"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"79609985","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Kenichi Horai, J. Shibata, N. Murayama, S. Koyanaka
The crushing and physical separation technologies as the pre-treatment of hydrometallurgical process were carried out for recovering valuable metals such as Ni, Co and rare earth from nickel-hydrogen battery. Two types of nickelhydrogen batteries which use a paste type electrode and sintered type electrode were roasted in the temperature range of 273–873 K and crushed by a single-axis cutter mill, a hammer crusher and a two-axis shear force crusher. Then the crushed products were classified with screens to give size distributions of the valuable metals. Magnetic separation was carried out for the crushed products of nickel-hydrogen battery using a paste type electrode. The optimum crushing conditions are different from the type of electrode. For the sintered type electrode, the crusher having an impact force is effective. For the paste type nickel foaming electrode, the crusher having a cutting and shear force is suitable. Classification after roasting in the proper conditions such as temperature and atmosphere followed by a magnetic separation is possible to separate Fe and NiO. The nickel content more than 80 wt% is possible.
{"title":"Study of Crushing and Physical Separation Properties of Nickel-Hydrogen Battery","authors":"Kenichi Horai, J. Shibata, N. Murayama, S. Koyanaka","doi":"10.4144/RPSJ.61.177","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4144/RPSJ.61.177","url":null,"abstract":"The crushing and physical separation technologies as the pre-treatment of hydrometallurgical process were carried out for recovering valuable metals such as Ni, Co and rare earth from nickel-hydrogen battery. Two types of nickelhydrogen batteries which use a paste type electrode and sintered type electrode were roasted in the temperature range of 273–873 K and crushed by a single-axis cutter mill, a hammer crusher and a two-axis shear force crusher. Then the crushed products were classified with screens to give size distributions of the valuable metals. Magnetic separation was carried out for the crushed products of nickel-hydrogen battery using a paste type electrode. The optimum crushing conditions are different from the type of electrode. For the sintered type electrode, the crusher having an impact force is effective. For the paste type nickel foaming electrode, the crusher having a cutting and shear force is suitable. Classification after roasting in the proper conditions such as temperature and atmosphere followed by a magnetic separation is possible to separate Fe and NiO. The nickel content more than 80 wt% is possible.","PeriodicalId":20971,"journal":{"name":"Resources Processing","volume":"53 1","pages":"177-184"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"79138579","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Copper slags obtained during smelting and refining of copper is now stored worldwide in large quantities. Here, we studied the synthesis of silica material from the extract of copper smelting slag, considering its chemical recycling. When the copper slag was extracted with an acidic solution, iron and silica were eluted. Accordingly, silica hydrogel was formed due to gradual aggregation of silica colloids. The dried silica hydrogel exhibited a high specific surface area and hygroscopicity favorable for application as adsorbents.
{"title":"Wet Chemical Synthesis of Porous Silica from Copper Slag","authors":"Hagiri Masahide, Kuniya Ryosuke, Uchida Shuji","doi":"10.4144/RPSJ.61.195","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4144/RPSJ.61.195","url":null,"abstract":"Copper slags obtained during smelting and refining of copper is now stored worldwide in large quantities. Here, we studied the synthesis of silica material from the extract of copper smelting slag, considering its chemical recycling. When the copper slag was extracted with an acidic solution, iron and silica were eluted. Accordingly, silica hydrogel was formed due to gradual aggregation of silica colloids. The dried silica hydrogel exhibited a high specific surface area and hygroscopicity favorable for application as adsorbents.","PeriodicalId":20971,"journal":{"name":"Resources Processing","volume":"104 2 1","pages":"195-197"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"75947126","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Biomethylation of arsenic is usually considered as a detoxification of arsenic because toxicity of most organic methylated arsenic is much less than that of inorganic arsenic. We investigated the feasibility of a novel bioremediation using an arsenic methylating bacterium. An arsenic methylating bacterium Cellulomonas sp. strain K63, isolated from soil in Miyazaki, was evaluated for growth characteristics and arsenic metabolism. The growth of strain K63 was inhibited in 200 mg As/L arsenic medium. Strain K63 metabolized arsenite (<50.0 mg As/L) to nonvolatile species such as monomethylarsonic acid, dimethylarsinic acid, trimethylarsenic oxide and arsenobetaine effectively. The percent of organic methylated arsenic excreted into the medium by strain K63 showed 90.1% of total arsenic compounds when strain K63 was cultured aerobically in the medium containing 5.0 mg As/L of arsenite for five days.
{"title":"Characteristics of the Arsenic-Methylating Bacterium Cellulomonas sp. Strain K63","authors":"M. Miyatake, S. Hayashi","doi":"10.4144/RPSJ.61.162","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4144/RPSJ.61.162","url":null,"abstract":"Biomethylation of arsenic is usually considered as a detoxification of arsenic because toxicity of most organic methylated arsenic is much less than that of inorganic arsenic. We investigated the feasibility of a novel bioremediation using an arsenic methylating bacterium. An arsenic methylating bacterium Cellulomonas sp. strain K63, isolated from soil in Miyazaki, was evaluated for growth characteristics and arsenic metabolism. The growth of strain K63 was inhibited in 200 mg As/L arsenic medium. Strain K63 metabolized arsenite (<50.0 mg As/L) to nonvolatile species such as monomethylarsonic acid, dimethylarsinic acid, trimethylarsenic oxide and arsenobetaine effectively. The percent of organic methylated arsenic excreted into the medium by strain K63 showed 90.1% of total arsenic compounds when strain K63 was cultured aerobically in the medium containing 5.0 mg As/L of arsenite for five days.","PeriodicalId":20971,"journal":{"name":"Resources Processing","volume":"62 1","pages":"162-169"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89869790","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This study focused on the development of hydrometallurgical process which allows the nickel (Ni) and cobalt (Co) recovery from a low grade laterite ore. The developed process consists of two main stages: leaching and precipitation. In the first stage, an appropriate leach liquor which contains a relatively high nickel and cobalt concentration is prepared by chemical leaching and pressure leaching followed by separation steps, respectively. The effects of sulfuric acid concentration, leaching temperature and time, internal pressure in an autoclave on the efficient leaching of Ni and Co from a laterite ore were presented. In the next stage, the Ni and Co ions present in the liquor are co-precipitated as sulfides by sulfuration with sodium hydrosulfide (pH 3.8). It was found that talc (Mg 3 Si 4 O 10 (OH) 2 ), goethite (FeOOH) and quartz (SiO 2 ) are main minerals of the laterite ore which contains 48.12% Fe, 1.8% Al, 0.95% Ni, 0.07% Co, 0.29% Cr and 0.15% Mg. The high efficiency of pressure leaching for Ni and Co from the low grade laterite ore was re vealed by comparing the chemical leaching results. The vast majority of Co (>97%) and Ni (55%) from the purified liquor resulting after neutralization with calcium carbonate (CaCO 3 ) was precipitat- ed as mixed-sulfides by adjusting the NaHS/(Co + Ni) ratio to 3 by the addition of sulfuration agent (NaHS) at the solution pH of 3.8. Based on the experimental results, the efficient recovery of cobalt (Co) and nickel (Ni) from the low grade laterite ore can be achieved using the pressure leaching and neutralization treatment followed by sulfuration.
{"title":"Recovery of Nickel and Cobalt from a Low Grade Laterite Ore","authors":"B. Altansukh, Kazutoshi Haga, A. Shibayama","doi":"10.4144/RPSJ.61.100","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4144/RPSJ.61.100","url":null,"abstract":"This study focused on the development of hydrometallurgical process which allows the nickel (Ni) and cobalt (Co) recovery from a low grade laterite ore. The developed process consists of two main stages: leaching and precipitation. In the first stage, an appropriate leach liquor which contains a relatively high nickel and cobalt concentration is prepared by chemical leaching and pressure leaching followed by separation steps, respectively. The effects of sulfuric acid concentration, leaching temperature and time, internal pressure in an autoclave on the efficient leaching of Ni and Co from a laterite ore were presented. In the next stage, the Ni and Co ions present in the liquor are co-precipitated as sulfides by sulfuration with sodium hydrosulfide (pH 3.8). It was found that talc (Mg 3 Si 4 O 10 (OH) 2 ), goethite (FeOOH) and quartz (SiO 2 ) are main minerals of the laterite ore which contains 48.12% Fe, 1.8% Al, 0.95% Ni, 0.07% Co, 0.29% Cr and 0.15% Mg. The high efficiency of pressure leaching for Ni and Co from the low grade laterite ore was re vealed by comparing the chemical leaching results. The vast majority of Co (>97%) and Ni (55%) from the purified liquor resulting after neutralization with calcium carbonate (CaCO 3 ) was precipitat- ed as mixed-sulfides by adjusting the NaHS/(Co + Ni) ratio to 3 by the addition of sulfuration agent (NaHS) at the solution pH of 3.8. Based on the experimental results, the efficient recovery of cobalt (Co) and nickel (Ni) from the low grade laterite ore can be achieved using the pressure leaching and neutralization treatment followed by sulfuration.","PeriodicalId":20971,"journal":{"name":"Resources Processing","volume":"29 1","pages":"100-109"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89222290","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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