Pub Date : 2022-03-31DOI: 10.33366/rekabuana.v7i1.3091
Muhammad Yusuf Eko Saputro, Akhmad Hasanuddin, Dwi Nurtanto
Concrete is material from mixing fine sand, gravel, cement, and water. This study carried out concrete innovations to reduce marble waste in the environment and reduce the amount of cement used by replacing 10% of the total cement with rice husk ash. In this study, using variations in replacement of marble waste levels for compressive and flexural strength tests of 0% (standard concrete), 30%, 50%, 70% with a cylindrical specimen and a test object in the shape of beams were tested at the age of 14 and 28 days, each variation amounted to 3 test specimens. The results obtained in the test for the percentage of 30% compressive strength and flexural strength of concrete are 46.50 MPa and 5.67 MPa, 50% of compressive strength and flexural strength of concrete are 43.95 MPa and 4.83 MPa, and 70% percentage the compressive strength and flexural strength of concrete are 38.64 MPa and 4 MPa. Therefore, it is recommended to use a percentage of 50%, in which the percentage utilizes the most waste and can reduce the cost of concrete to be more economical, which is Rp. 932,476 for each m3 of it.ABSTRAKBeton adalah material dari hasil percampuran (mixing) antara agregat halus (pasir), agregat kasar (kerikil), semen serta air. Penelitian ini melakukan inovasi beton untuk mengurangi limbah marmer yang terdapat dilingkungan dan mengurangi jumlah penggunaan semen dengan mengganti 10% dari total semen dengan abu sekam padi. Dalam penelitian ini menggunakan variasi penggantian kadar limbah marmer untuk uji kuat tekan dan kuat lentur sebesar 0% (beton normal), 30%, 50%, 70% dengan benda uji berbentuk silinder dan benda uji berbentuk balok yang diuji pada umur 14 dan 28 hari, masing masing variasi berjumlah 3 benda uji. Hasil yang diperoleh dalam pengujian untuk prosentase 30% kuat tekan dan kuat lentur beton sebesar 46,50 MPa dan 5,67 MPa, prosentase 50% kuat tekan dan kuat lentur beton sebesar 43,95 MPa dan 4,83 MPa dan, prosentase 70% kuat tekan dan kuat lentur beton sebesar 38,64 MPa dan 4 MPa. Maka dari itu direkomendasikan menggunakan prosentase 50%, dimana pada prosentase tersebut memanfaatkan limbah yang paling banyak dan dapat mengurangi biaya beton menjadi lebih ekonomis yaitu dari harga Rp. 1.045.767 menjadi Rp. 932.476 untuk tiap m3 nya.
混凝土是由细砂、砾石、水泥和水混合而成的材料。本研究进行了混凝土创新，以减少环境中的大理石废物，并通过用稻壳灰代替10%的水泥来减少水泥的使用量。在本研究中，使用替换大理石废料水平的变化进行0%(标准混凝土)、30%、50%、70%的抗压和抗弯强度试验，圆柱形试件和梁形试件分别在14天和28天进行试验，每次变化为3个试件。试验结果表明，30%混凝土抗压强度和抗弯强度比例分别为46.50 MPa和5.67 MPa, 50%混凝土抗压强度和抗弯强度比例分别为43.95 MPa和4.83 MPa, 70%混凝土抗压强度和抗弯强度比例分别为38.64 MPa和4 MPa。因此，建议使用50%的百分比，该百分比利用了最多的废物，可以降低混凝土的成本，更加经济，每立方米为932,476卢比。摘要/ abstract摘要/ abstract摘要/ abstract摘要/ abstract摘要/ abstract摘要/ abstract摘要/ abstractPenelitian ini melakukan inovasi beton untuk mengurangi limbah marmer yang terdapat dilingkungan dan mengurangi jumlah penggunaan semen dengan mengganti 10%达总精液dengan abu sekam padi。Dalam penelitian ini menggunakan variasi penggantian kadar limbah marmer untuk uji kuat tekan dan kuat lentur sebesar 0%(正常)，30%，50%，70% dengan benda uji berbentuk silinder dan benda uji berbentuk balok yang diuji paada umur 14 dan 28 hari, masmasmasasi berjumlah 3 benda uji。Hasil yang diperoleh dalam penguin untuk蛋白酶30% kuat tekan dan kuat lentur beton sebesar 46,50 MPa dan 5,67 MPa，蛋白酶50% kuat tekan dan kuat lentur beton sebesar 43,95 MPa dan 4,83 MPa dan，蛋白酶70% kuat tekan dan kuat lentur beton sebesar 38,64 MPa dan 4mpa。Maka dari itu direcrekomendasikan menggunakan prosentase 50%， dimana patada prosentase tersebut manmanfaatkan limbah yang paling banyak dan dapat mengurangi biaya beton menjadi lebih economistyitu dari harga Rp. 1.045.767 menjadi Rp. 932.476 untuk tiap m3 nya。
{"title":"The Use of Marble Waste as a Coarse Agregate in Rigid Pavement Concrete Mixture Using Rice Husk Ash as an Admixture","authors":"Muhammad Yusuf Eko Saputro, Akhmad Hasanuddin, Dwi Nurtanto","doi":"10.33366/rekabuana.v7i1.3091","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33366/rekabuana.v7i1.3091","url":null,"abstract":"Concrete is material from mixing fine sand, gravel, cement, and water. This study carried out concrete innovations to reduce marble waste in the environment and reduce the amount of cement used by replacing 10% of the total cement with rice husk ash. In this study, using variations in replacement of marble waste levels for compressive and flexural strength tests of 0% (standard concrete), 30%, 50%, 70% with a cylindrical specimen and a test object in the shape of beams were tested at the age of 14 and 28 days, each variation amounted to 3 test specimens. The results obtained in the test for the percentage of 30% compressive strength and flexural strength of concrete are 46.50 MPa and 5.67 MPa, 50% of compressive strength and flexural strength of concrete are 43.95 MPa and 4.83 MPa, and 70% percentage the compressive strength and flexural strength of concrete are 38.64 MPa and 4 MPa. Therefore, it is recommended to use a percentage of 50%, in which the percentage utilizes the most waste and can reduce the cost of concrete to be more economical, which is Rp. 932,476 for each m3 of it.ABSTRAKBeton adalah material dari hasil percampuran (mixing) antara agregat halus (pasir), agregat kasar (kerikil), semen serta air. Penelitian ini melakukan inovasi beton untuk mengurangi limbah marmer yang terdapat dilingkungan dan mengurangi jumlah penggunaan semen dengan mengganti 10% dari total semen dengan abu sekam padi. Dalam penelitian ini menggunakan variasi penggantian kadar limbah marmer untuk uji kuat tekan dan kuat lentur sebesar 0% (beton normal), 30%, 50%, 70% dengan benda uji berbentuk silinder dan benda uji berbentuk balok yang diuji pada umur 14 dan 28 hari, masing masing variasi berjumlah 3 benda uji. Hasil yang diperoleh dalam pengujian untuk prosentase 30% kuat tekan dan kuat lentur beton sebesar 46,50 MPa dan 5,67 MPa, prosentase 50% kuat tekan dan kuat lentur beton sebesar 43,95 MPa dan 4,83 MPa dan, prosentase 70% kuat tekan dan kuat lentur beton sebesar 38,64 MPa dan 4 MPa. Maka dari itu direkomendasikan menggunakan prosentase 50%, dimana pada prosentase tersebut memanfaatkan limbah yang paling banyak dan dapat mengurangi biaya beton menjadi lebih ekonomis yaitu dari harga Rp. 1.045.767 menjadi Rp. 932.476 untuk tiap m3 nya.","PeriodicalId":20973,"journal":{"name":"Reka Buana : Jurnal Ilmiah Teknik Sipil dan Teknik Kimia","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-03-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"79281708","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-03-30DOI: 10.33366/rekabuana.v7i1.3211
Jimmy Jimmy, E. Setyawan, Endah Kusuma Rastini
Transesterification of vegetable oil and methanol using a homogeneous base catalyst at a temperature of 60 ° C for 1 hour is the most efficient industrial scale. This study aims to compare the characteristics of KOH and NaOH catalysts in the transesterification of palm oil with variations in stirring time and reaction time for biodiesel production produced at room temperature. This study uses the raw material for palm oil and methanol with the ratio of mol 1: 6, variations of 1.0% catalyst and 0.5% NaOH of the weight of oil weight, 2-8 minutes stirring time variations, and 1-4 hours reaction time variations. Transesterification reactions are carried out in a closed Erlenmeyer with stirring time depending on the variation. A sampling of 10 ml is done every hour for 4 hours of reaction. Stirring is repeated with duration according to variations until the reaction time is 4 hours. Sample analysis uses Thin Layer Chromatography (TLC). The results are that (1) transesterification using a KOH catalyst gave the best results of 98.5% FAME with 8 minutes stirring time for 2 hours reaction time; (2) the NaOH catalyst gave the best result of 91.2% FAME with 8 minutes stirring time for 4 hours reaction time; (3) the KOH catalyst produced higher FAME concentrations with the same stirring time (8 minutes) in 2 hours reaction time, shorter than the NaOH catalyst, (4) transesterification with room temperature might be applied in the biodiesel industry.ABSTRAKTransesterifikasi minyak nabati dan metanol menggunakan katalis basa homogen pada temperatur 60°C selama 1 jam adalah yang paling efisien dalam skala industri. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk membandingkan karakteristik katalis KOH dan NaOH dalam transesterifikasi minyak kelapa sawit dengan variasi waktu pengadukan dan waktu reaksi terhadap produksi biodiesel yang dihasilkan pada temperatur kamar. Penelitian ini menggunakan bahan baku minyak kelapa sawit dan metanol dengan rasio mol 1:6, variasi katalis KOH 1,0% dan NaOH 0,5% berat terhadap berat minyak, variasi waktu pengadukan 2-8 menit dan variasi waktu reaksi 1-4 jam. Reaksi transesterifikasi dilakukan secara batch dalam Erlenmeyer tertutup dengan waktu pengadukan sesuai variasi. Pengambilan sampel sebanyak 10 mL dilakukan setiap jam selama 4 jam reaksi. Pengadukan diulang dengan durasi sesuai variasi hingga waktu reaksi 4 jam. Analisis sampel menggunakan Thin Layer Chromatography (TLC). Dari penelitian ini didapatkan hasil (1) Katalis KOH memberikan hasil terbaik 98,5% volume FAME dengan waktu pengadukan 8 menit selama 2 jam waktu reaksi; (2) katalis NaOH memberikan hasil terbaik 91,2% volume FAME dengan waktu pengadukan 8 menit selama 4 jam waktu reaksi; (3) katalis KOH menghasilkan produk dengan konsentrasi FAME lebih tinggi dengan waktu pengadukan yang sama (8 menit) dalam waktu reaksi 2 jam lebih singkat dibandingkan katalis NaOH, (4) transesterifikasi menggunakan temperatur kamar memungkinkan untuk diterapkan dalam industri biodiesel.
采用均相碱催化剂在60℃温度下反应1小时的植物油和甲醇酯交换反应是最有效的工业规模。本研究旨在比较KOH和NaOH催化剂在棕榈油酯交换反应中的特性，以及搅拌时间和反应时间在室温下生产生物柴油的变化。本研究采用的原料为棕榈油和甲醇，摩尔比为1:6，催化剂质量为1.0%，NaOH质量为0.5%，搅拌时间为2-8分钟，反应时间为1-4小时。酯交换反应在封闭的Erlenmeyer中进行，搅拌时间取决于变化。每小时取样10毫升，反应4小时。根据不同的搅拌时间重复搅拌，直至反应时间为4小时。样品分析采用薄层色谱法(TLC)。结果表明:(1)以KOH为催化剂，搅拌时间为8 min，反应时间为2 h，反应收率为98.5%;(2)反应时间为4 h，搅拌时间为8 min的NaOH催化剂的最佳反应速率为91.2%;(3)在相同搅拌时间(8分钟)下，KOH催化剂在2小时的反应时间内产生了更高的FAME浓度，比NaOH催化剂短;(4)室温酯交换反应可应用于生物柴油工业。摘要/ abstract摘要/ abstract摘要/ abstract摘要/ abstract摘要/ abstract摘要/ abstract摘要/ abstract摘要/ abstractPenelitian ini bertujuan untuk membandingkan karakteristik katalis KOH dan NaOH dalam transsterifikasi minyak kelapa sawwit dengan varasi waktu pengadukan danwaktu reaksi terhadap产品duksi生物柴油yang dihasilkan pakad温度kamar。Penelitian ini menggunakan bahan baku minyak kelapa sawit dan medenan rasio mol 1:6, varasi katalis KOH 1,0% dan NaOH 0,5% berat terhadap berat minyak, varasi waktu pengadukan 2-8 menit dan varasi waktu reaksi 1-4 jam。Reaksi transstersterifikasi dilakukan secara batch dalam Erlenmeyer tertutuup dengan waktu pengadukan sesuai variasi。彭甘比兰样品塞班雅克10毫升迪拉库坎塞班雅克果酱selama 4个果酱。Pengadukan diulang dengan durasi sesuai variasi hinga waktu reaksi 4 jam。分析样品蒙古那干薄层色谱法。Dari penelitian ini didapatkan hasil (1) Katalis KOH memberikan hasil terbaik 98,5% volume FAME dengan waktu pengadukan 8 menit selama 2 jam waktu reaksi;(2) katalis NaOH memberikan hasil terbaik 91,2%容积FAME dengan waktu pengadukan 8 menit selama 4 jam waktu reaksi;(3) katalis KOH menghasilkan产品dengan konsentrasi FAME lebih tinggi dengan waktu pengadukan yang sama (8 menit) dalam waktu reaksi 2 jam lebih singkat dibandingkan katalis NaOH， (4) transsterifikasi menggunakan温度kamar memungkinkan untuk diiterapkan dalam工业生物柴油。
{"title":"Alkali-Catalyzed Palm Oil Transesterification at Room Temperature : Effect of Stirring Time and Reaction Time","authors":"Jimmy Jimmy, E. Setyawan, Endah Kusuma Rastini","doi":"10.33366/rekabuana.v7i1.3211","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33366/rekabuana.v7i1.3211","url":null,"abstract":"Transesterification of vegetable oil and methanol using a homogeneous base catalyst at a temperature of 60 ° C for 1 hour is the most efficient industrial scale. This study aims to compare the characteristics of KOH and NaOH catalysts in the transesterification of palm oil with variations in stirring time and reaction time for biodiesel production produced at room temperature. This study uses the raw material for palm oil and methanol with the ratio of mol 1: 6, variations of 1.0% catalyst and 0.5% NaOH of the weight of oil weight, 2-8 minutes stirring time variations, and 1-4 hours reaction time variations. Transesterification reactions are carried out in a closed Erlenmeyer with stirring time depending on the variation. A sampling of 10 ml is done every hour for 4 hours of reaction. Stirring is repeated with duration according to variations until the reaction time is 4 hours. Sample analysis uses Thin Layer Chromatography (TLC). The results are that (1) transesterification using a KOH catalyst gave the best results of 98.5% FAME with 8 minutes stirring time for 2 hours reaction time; (2) the NaOH catalyst gave the best result of 91.2% FAME with 8 minutes stirring time for 4 hours reaction time; (3) the KOH catalyst produced higher FAME concentrations with the same stirring time (8 minutes) in 2 hours reaction time, shorter than the NaOH catalyst, (4) transesterification with room temperature might be applied in the biodiesel industry.ABSTRAKTransesterifikasi minyak nabati dan metanol menggunakan katalis basa homogen pada temperatur 60°C selama 1 jam adalah yang paling efisien dalam skala industri. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk membandingkan karakteristik katalis KOH dan NaOH dalam transesterifikasi minyak kelapa sawit dengan variasi waktu pengadukan dan waktu reaksi terhadap produksi biodiesel yang dihasilkan pada temperatur kamar. Penelitian ini menggunakan bahan baku minyak kelapa sawit dan metanol dengan rasio mol 1:6, variasi katalis KOH 1,0% dan NaOH 0,5% berat terhadap berat minyak, variasi waktu pengadukan 2-8 menit dan variasi waktu reaksi 1-4 jam. Reaksi transesterifikasi dilakukan secara batch dalam Erlenmeyer tertutup dengan waktu pengadukan sesuai variasi. Pengambilan sampel sebanyak 10 mL dilakukan setiap jam selama 4 jam reaksi. Pengadukan diulang dengan durasi sesuai variasi hingga waktu reaksi 4 jam. Analisis sampel menggunakan Thin Layer Chromatography (TLC). Dari penelitian ini didapatkan hasil (1) Katalis KOH memberikan hasil terbaik 98,5% volume FAME dengan waktu pengadukan 8 menit selama 2 jam waktu reaksi; (2) katalis NaOH memberikan hasil terbaik 91,2% volume FAME dengan waktu pengadukan 8 menit selama 4 jam waktu reaksi; (3) katalis KOH menghasilkan produk dengan konsentrasi FAME lebih tinggi dengan waktu pengadukan yang sama (8 menit) dalam waktu reaksi 2 jam lebih singkat dibandingkan katalis NaOH, (4) transesterifikasi menggunakan temperatur kamar memungkinkan untuk diterapkan dalam industri biodiesel.","PeriodicalId":20973,"journal":{"name":"Reka Buana : Jurnal Ilmiah Teknik Sipil dan Teknik Kimia","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-03-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89288318","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-03-30DOI: 10.33366/rekabuana.v7i1.3220
Eric Vianto Mahendra Nata, I. Komara, E. Susanti, D. Pertiwi
In building construction, prestressed concrete is used for large spans and to increase capacity. One of them is the 16 meters long Lakes Surabaya Mall project. An important parameter is the effectiveness of the design, especially determining the parameters of the cross-sectional property. In this study, the redesign technique was used to assess the current condition in the hope that it could be modeled more effectively using cross-sectional dimensions. The design was evaluated theoretically using the concept of direct and indirect prestressing, then numerically verified using SAP2000. Prestressed beam with low relaxation PC60×12cm A416 grade 250 in the existing condition is modified using a lower dimension of 50×10cm A416 but has a grade value of 270, which is more extensive. The same data were used for criteria such as 35 MPa concrete quality, 100% load distribution factor, and 75% tendon stress percentage. The inspection results show that the transfer and service conditions are 10% smaller than the existing cross-section. A combined direct and indirect prestress loss of 19% still meets the design code.ABSTRAKDalam bidang konstruksi bangunan, beton prategang digunakan untuk bentang besar dan untuk meningkatkan kapasitas. Salah satunya adalah pada proyek Mall Lakes Surabaya sepanjang 16 meter. Parameter penting adalah efektivitas desain, terutama menentukan parameter properti penampang. Dalam penelitian ini, teknik desain ulang digunakan untuk menilai kondisi saat eksisting dengan harapan dapat dimodelkan lebih efektif dari penggunaan dimensi penampang. Desain dievaluasi secara teoritis menggunakan konsep prategang langsung dan tidak langsung, kemudian diverifikasi secara numerik dengan SAP2000. Balok prategang dengan relaksasi rendah PC60×12cm A416 grade 250 pada kondisi eksisting dimodifikasi menggunakan dimensi lebih rendah yaitu 50×10cm A416 akan tetapi memiliki nilai grade 270, yakni lebih besar. Data yang sama digunakan untuk kriteria seperti kualitas beton 35 MPa, faktor distribusi beban 100%, dan persentase tegangan tendon 75%. Hasil pemeriksaan menunjukkan bahwa kondisi transfer dan service 10% lebih kecil dari penampang eksisting. Dengan gabungan kehilangan prategang langsung dan tidak langsung sebesar 19%, yang mana masih memenuhi kaidah desain.
在建筑施工中，预应力混凝土用于大跨度和增加承载力。其中之一是长16米的泗水湖购物中心项目。一个重要的参数是设计的有效性，特别是确定截面特性的参数。在本研究中，重新设计技术被用来评估现状，希望它可以更有效地建模使用横截面尺寸。采用直接预应力和间接预应力的概念对设计进行了理论评价，并用SAP2000进行了数值验证。低松弛度预应力梁PC60×12cm A416等级为250，在现有条件下，采用更低的尺寸50×10cm A416，但等级值为270，更广泛。同样的数据用于35 MPa混凝土质量、100%荷载分配系数和75%肌腱应力百分比等标准。检查结果表明，转换和使用条件比现有截面小10%。直接和间接预应力损失合计19%仍符合设计规范。【摘要】【摘要】【摘要】【摘要】【摘要】【摘要】【摘要】【摘要】【摘要】【摘要】【摘要】【摘要】【摘要】【摘要】【摘要】【摘要】【摘要】【摘要】【摘要】【摘要】【摘要】【摘要】Salah satunya adalah padadproyek购物湖泗水sepanjang 16米。参数化、参数化、参数化、参数化、参数化。我是说，我是说，我是说，我是说，我是说，我是说，我是说，我是说，我是说，我是说，我是说，我是说，我是说，我是说，我是说，我是说，我是说，我是说，我是说，我是说，我是说，我是说，我是说，我是说。四川植物多样性研究，四川植物多样性研究，四川植物多样性研究，四川植物多样性研究，四川植物多样性研究。Balok prategang dengan relaksasi rendah PC60×12cm A416等级250帕达康迪斯迪斯存在dimodifikasi menggunakan dimensions lebih rendah yitu 50×10cm A416 akan tetapi memiliki nilai等级270,yakni lebih besar。数据表明，阳sama digunakan untuk指标的分离质量在35 MPa之间，因子分布率为100%，但表征酶tegangan肌腱为75%。Hasil permeriksaan menunjukkan bahwa kondisi transfer dan service 10% lebih kecil dari penangang eksisting。登干gabungan kehilangan prategang langsung dan tidak langsung sebesar 19%， yang mana masih memenuhi kaidah desain。
{"title":"Redesign of Prestressed Concrete Structures Using the Post Tension Method: A Case Study of the Construction of Laves Mall Surabaya","authors":"Eric Vianto Mahendra Nata, I. Komara, E. Susanti, D. Pertiwi","doi":"10.33366/rekabuana.v7i1.3220","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33366/rekabuana.v7i1.3220","url":null,"abstract":"In building construction, prestressed concrete is used for large spans and to increase capacity. One of them is the 16 meters long Lakes Surabaya Mall project. An important parameter is the effectiveness of the design, especially determining the parameters of the cross-sectional property. In this study, the redesign technique was used to assess the current condition in the hope that it could be modeled more effectively using cross-sectional dimensions. The design was evaluated theoretically using the concept of direct and indirect prestressing, then numerically verified using SAP2000. Prestressed beam with low relaxation PC60×12cm A416 grade 250 in the existing condition is modified using a lower dimension of 50×10cm A416 but has a grade value of 270, which is more extensive. The same data were used for criteria such as 35 MPa concrete quality, 100% load distribution factor, and 75% tendon stress percentage. The inspection results show that the transfer and service conditions are 10% smaller than the existing cross-section. A combined direct and indirect prestress loss of 19% still meets the design code.ABSTRAKDalam bidang konstruksi bangunan, beton prategang digunakan untuk bentang besar dan untuk meningkatkan kapasitas. Salah satunya adalah pada proyek Mall Lakes Surabaya sepanjang 16 meter. Parameter penting adalah efektivitas desain, terutama menentukan parameter properti penampang. Dalam penelitian ini, teknik desain ulang digunakan untuk menilai kondisi saat eksisting dengan harapan dapat dimodelkan lebih efektif dari penggunaan dimensi penampang. Desain dievaluasi secara teoritis menggunakan konsep prategang langsung dan tidak langsung, kemudian diverifikasi secara numerik dengan SAP2000. Balok prategang dengan relaksasi rendah PC60×12cm A416 grade 250 pada kondisi eksisting dimodifikasi menggunakan dimensi lebih rendah yaitu 50×10cm A416 akan tetapi memiliki nilai grade 270, yakni lebih besar. Data yang sama digunakan untuk kriteria seperti kualitas beton 35 MPa, faktor distribusi beban 100%, dan persentase tegangan tendon 75%. Hasil pemeriksaan menunjukkan bahwa kondisi transfer dan service 10% lebih kecil dari penampang eksisting. Dengan gabungan kehilangan prategang langsung dan tidak langsung sebesar 19%, yang mana masih memenuhi kaidah desain.","PeriodicalId":20973,"journal":{"name":"Reka Buana : Jurnal Ilmiah Teknik Sipil dan Teknik Kimia","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-03-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83641469","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-03-28DOI: 10.33366/rekabuana.v7i1.2854
Ferry Ikhsandy, S. Bismo, E. F. Karamah
Process eliminating compounds of phenol, Chemical Oxygen Demand (COD), and 1,1,2,2-tetrachloroethane using catalytic ozonation technique with catalyst Granular Activated Carbon (GAC) combination with Ultra Violet (UV) light emission performed in this study. This study aimed to obtain the effectiveness of applications catalytic ozonation technique using system configuration Ozone/GAC and Ozone/UV/GAC to eliminate waste phenol 1,1,2,2-tetrachloroethane COD with circulation time (0, 15, 30, 45, 60, and 120 minutes). The wastewater was derived from the wastewater Laboratory of Polyester Industrial in Bogor. The results were analyzed, comprised of COD with Ferrous Ammonium Sulphate (FAS) method, phenol using aminoantipirin method, and 1,1,2,2-tetrachloroethane with Gas Chromatography-Flame Ionization Detector (GC-FID) method. The result of study shown that the configuration of the Ozone/ UV/GAC with an initial concentration of phenol 58,00 mg/L, COD 72,00 mg/L and 1,1,2,2-tetrachloroethane 32,96 mg/L resulted in the percentage of eliminating phenol 57,76%, COD 66,67% and 1,1,2,2-tetrachloroethane 98,74% while the configuration of Ozone/GAC with an initial concentration of phenol 55,00 mg/L, COD 72,00 mg/L and 1,1,2,2-tetrachloroethane 37,70 mg/L resulted in percentage of eliminating phenol 50,91%, COD 55,56% and 1,1,2,2-tetrachloroethane 100%ABSTRAKProses penyisihan senyawa fenol, Chemical Oxygen Demand (COD) dan 1,1,2,2-tetrakloroetana menggunakan teknik ozonasi katalitik dengan katalis Granular Activated Carbon (GAC) yang dikombinasikan dengan emisi sinar Ultra Violet (UV) dilakukan dalam penelitian ini. Tujuan dari penelitian ini untuk memperoleh efektivitas aplikasi teknik ozonasi katalitik menggunakan sistem konfigurasi, yaitu: Ozon/GAC dan Ozon/UV/GAC dalam penyisihan limbah fenol, COD dan 1,1,2,2-tetrakloroetana dengan waktu sirkulasi (0, 15, 30, 45, 60, dan 120 menit). Limbah cair yang digunakan berasal dari limbah cair Laboratorium Industri Polyester di daerah Bogor. Analisis yang dilakukan meliputi analisis COD dengan metode Ferro Ammonium Sulfat (FAS), analisis Fenol dengan menggunakan metode aminoantipirin dan analisis 1,1,2,2-tetrakloroetana dengan metode Gas Chromatography-Flame Ionization Detector (GC-FID). Setelah dilakukan penelitian, diketahui bahwa konfigurasi Ozon/UV/GAC dengan konsentrasi awal fenol 58,00 mg/L, COD 72,00 mg/L dan 1,1,2,2-tetrakloroetana 32,96 mg/L menghasilkan persentase penyisihan senyawa fenol 57,76%, COD 66,67% dan 1,1,2,2-tetrakloroetana 98,74% sedangkan konfigurasi Ozon/GAC dengan konsentrasi awal fenol 55,00 mg/L, COD 72,00 mg/L dan 1,1,2,2-tetrakloroetana 37,70 mg/L menghasilkan persentase penyisihan senyawa fenol 50,91%, COD 55,56% dan 1,1,2,2-tetrakloroetana 100%.
采用颗粒活性炭(GAC)催化臭氧化技术对苯酚、化学需氧量(COD)和1,1,2,2-四氯乙烷进行了去除。本研究旨在考察臭氧/GAC和臭氧/UV/GAC两种系统配置对循环时间分别为0、15、30、45、60和120分钟的废苯酚1,1,2,2-四氯乙烷COD的去除效果。废水来源于茂物聚酯工业废水实验室。采用硫酸亚铁铵法(FAS)分析COD，氨基安替匹林法(aminoantipirin)分析苯酚，气相色谱-火焰离子化检测器(GC-FID)分析1,1,2,2-四氯乙烷。研究结果表明，臭氧/ UV/GAC初始浓度为苯酚58 000 mg/L, COD 72 000 mg/L, 1,1,2,2-四氯乙烷32,96 mg/L时，苯酚去除率为57.76%，COD 66、67%，1,1,2,2-四氯乙烷去除率为98.74%;臭氧/GAC初始浓度为苯酚55 000 mg/L, COD 72、000 mg/L, 1,1,2,2-四氯乙烷37、70 mg/L时，苯酚去除率为50.91%。摘要:研究了紫外光对紫外光对紫外光对紫外光对紫外光对紫外光对紫外光对紫外光对紫外光对紫外光对紫外光的影响。图1:臭氧/GAC /臭氧/UV/GAC dalam penyisihan limbbaol, COD - 1,1,2,2-四氯乙烷- dengana dengan waktu sirkulasi (0,15,30,45,60, dan 120)。Limbah cair yang digunakan berasal dari Limbah cair Laboratorium industrial i Polyester di daerah Bogor。分析阳地拉坎meliputi分析COD法硫酸铁铵法(FAS)，分析Fenol法登甘孟古纳坎法氨基安替比林法分析1,1,2,2-四氯乙烷法登甘法气相色谱-火焰离子化检测器(GC-FID)。Setelah dilakukan penelitian, diketahui bahwa konsentrasi Ozon/UV/GAC登干konsentrasi awal fenol 58,00mg /L, COD 72,00mg /L, 1,1,2,2-四氯乙烷32,96 mg/L, menghasilkan代表酶penyisihan senyawa fenol 57,76%， COD 66,67%， 1,1,2,2-四氯乙烷98,74,sedangkan konsentrasi Ozon/GAC登干konsentrasi awal fenol 55,00mg /L, COD 72,00mg /L, 1,1,2,2-四氯乙烷37,70 mg/L, menghasilkan代表酶penyisihan senyawa fenol 50,91%， COD 55,56%， 1,1,2,2-四氯乙烷100%。
{"title":"The Application of Catalytic Ozonation Technique using UV and Granular Activated Carbon (GAC) for Eliminating in Waste Phenol, COD, and 1,1,2,2-Tetrachloroethane","authors":"Ferry Ikhsandy, S. Bismo, E. F. Karamah","doi":"10.33366/rekabuana.v7i1.2854","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33366/rekabuana.v7i1.2854","url":null,"abstract":"Process eliminating compounds of phenol, Chemical Oxygen Demand (COD), and 1,1,2,2-tetrachloroethane using catalytic ozonation technique with catalyst Granular Activated Carbon (GAC) combination with Ultra Violet (UV) light emission performed in this study. This study aimed to obtain the effectiveness of applications catalytic ozonation technique using system configuration Ozone/GAC and Ozone/UV/GAC to eliminate waste phenol 1,1,2,2-tetrachloroethane COD with circulation time (0, 15, 30, 45, 60, and 120 minutes). The wastewater was derived from the wastewater Laboratory of Polyester Industrial in Bogor. The results were analyzed, comprised of COD with Ferrous Ammonium Sulphate (FAS) method, phenol using aminoantipirin method, and 1,1,2,2-tetrachloroethane with Gas Chromatography-Flame Ionization Detector (GC-FID) method. The result of study shown that the configuration of the Ozone/ UV/GAC with an initial concentration of phenol 58,00 mg/L, COD 72,00 mg/L and 1,1,2,2-tetrachloroethane 32,96 mg/L resulted in the percentage of eliminating phenol 57,76%, COD 66,67% and 1,1,2,2-tetrachloroethane 98,74% while the configuration of Ozone/GAC with an initial concentration of phenol 55,00 mg/L, COD 72,00 mg/L and 1,1,2,2-tetrachloroethane 37,70 mg/L resulted in percentage of eliminating phenol 50,91%, COD 55,56% and 1,1,2,2-tetrachloroethane 100%ABSTRAKProses penyisihan senyawa fenol, Chemical Oxygen Demand (COD) dan 1,1,2,2-tetrakloroetana menggunakan teknik ozonasi katalitik dengan katalis Granular Activated Carbon (GAC) yang dikombinasikan dengan emisi sinar Ultra Violet (UV) dilakukan dalam penelitian ini. Tujuan dari penelitian ini untuk memperoleh efektivitas aplikasi teknik ozonasi katalitik menggunakan sistem konfigurasi, yaitu: Ozon/GAC dan Ozon/UV/GAC dalam penyisihan limbah fenol, COD dan 1,1,2,2-tetrakloroetana dengan waktu sirkulasi (0, 15, 30, 45, 60, dan 120 menit). Limbah cair yang digunakan berasal dari limbah cair Laboratorium Industri Polyester di daerah Bogor. Analisis yang dilakukan meliputi analisis COD dengan metode Ferro Ammonium Sulfat (FAS), analisis Fenol dengan menggunakan metode aminoantipirin dan analisis 1,1,2,2-tetrakloroetana dengan metode Gas Chromatography-Flame Ionization Detector (GC-FID). Setelah dilakukan penelitian, diketahui bahwa konfigurasi Ozon/UV/GAC dengan konsentrasi awal fenol 58,00 mg/L, COD 72,00 mg/L dan 1,1,2,2-tetrakloroetana 32,96 mg/L menghasilkan persentase penyisihan senyawa fenol 57,76%, COD 66,67% dan 1,1,2,2-tetrakloroetana 98,74% sedangkan konfigurasi Ozon/GAC dengan konsentrasi awal fenol 55,00 mg/L, COD 72,00 mg/L dan 1,1,2,2-tetrakloroetana 37,70 mg/L menghasilkan persentase penyisihan senyawa fenol 50,91%, COD 55,56% dan 1,1,2,2-tetrakloroetana 100%.","PeriodicalId":20973,"journal":{"name":"Reka Buana : Jurnal Ilmiah Teknik Sipil dan Teknik Kimia","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-03-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"76134803","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-03-28DOI: 10.33366/rekabuana.v7i1.2875
Syalistya Meysyaranta, M. Effendy, E. Wardhono
The most popular fruit is bananas. The problem bananas face declining quality or preservation of fruit before reaching the consumers. The decline in the quality of post-harvest bananas is generally caused by shrinkage of fruit mass and ripening caused by respiration and the presence of ethylene gas. One of the ways to prevent the decrease in the quality of bananas is by coating the fruit with Chitosan-based edible film. This study aims to determine the effect of adding ethylene absorber (KMnO4) to the coating Chitosan base and the composition of the coating film with the best performance in extending the shelf life of bananas. Edible film Nano Chitosan was synthesized from Sodium tripolyphosphate (TPP) and the addition of Cellulose nanocrystal (CNC) as a stabilizer agent to form a nano-composite to improve the mechanical properties of the edible coating. The method used is to provide a coating of Chitosan, and nano Chitosan with the addition of CNC and KMnO4 applied on bananas. The analysis results showed that the composition of Chitosan-CNC-KMnO4 gave the optimum performance in decline shrinkage of bananas mass with a weight loss value of 4.87% in 5th days had the lowest sugar content value on the 5th day, which was 16%.ABSTRAKBuah yang paling digemari masyarakat salah satunya adalah Pisang. Salah satu problem terkait buah pisang adalah penurunan kualitas atau pengawetan buah pisang sebelum sampai konsumen. Penurunan kualitas buah pisang pasca panen pada umumnya disebabkan oleh penyusutan massa buah dan pematangan sebelum waktunya yang diakibatkan respirasi dan adanya gas Ethylene. Penurunan kualitas buah pisang dapat dihambat dengan melapisi buah dengan coating berbasis Chitosan. Tujuan dari penelitian untuk mengetahui pengaruh penambahan Ethylene absorber (KMnO4) pada coating film berbasiskan Chitosan serta komposisi coating film dengan performa terbaik dalam memperpanjang umur simpan buah pisang. Edible film Chitosan dan nano Chitosan disintesis dari Natrium Tripolyphospate (TPP) serta penambahan Celulose Nano Crystal (CNC) sebagai agen stabilizer sehingga terjadi keadaaan nano-komposit untuk meningkatkan properti mekanis dari edible coating. Metode yang digunakan dengan memberikan coating berbasis Chitosan dan berbasis nano Chitosan dengan penambahan CNC dan KMnO4 pada buah pisang. Hasil analisa menunjukkan bahwa coating dengan komposisi nano Chitosan-CNC-KMnO4 memberikan performa terbaik dalam menghambat penyusutan buah pisang dengan nilai susut bobot 4,87% Dan juga dalam menghambat pematangan, buah pisang memiliki nilai kadar gula terendah, yaitu sebesar 16%.
最受欢迎的水果是香蕉。香蕉在到达消费者之前面临质量下降或水果保存的问题。香蕉采收后质量的下降通常是由于呼吸和乙烯气体的存在导致果实体积缩小和成熟所致。防止香蕉质量下降的方法之一是在香蕉表面涂上壳聚糖基可食用薄膜。本研究旨在确定在包衣壳聚糖基中添加乙烯吸收剂(KMnO4)对香蕉保存期的影响及包衣膜的最佳组成。以三聚磷酸钠(TPP)为原料，加入纤维素纳米晶(CNC)作为稳定剂，形成纳米复合材料，制备了可食用薄膜纳米壳聚糖，提高了可食用涂层的力学性能。所采用的方法是提供壳聚糖涂层，并将纳米壳聚糖添加CNC和KMnO4涂在香蕉上。分析结果表明，壳聚糖- cnc - kmno4配比对香蕉质量下降收缩性能最佳，第5天失重值为4.87%，第5天含糖量最低，为16%。【摘要】【摘要】【摘要】【摘要】【摘要】【摘要】【摘要】【摘要】【摘要】【摘要】【摘要】Salah satu problem terkait buah pisang adalah penurunan kualitas atau pengawetan buah pisang sebelum sampai konsumen。Penurunan kualitas buah pasca panen pada umumnya disebabkan oleh penyusutan massa buah dan pematangan sebelum waktunya yang diakibatkan呼吸器dan adanya气体乙烯。槟榔屿槟榔屿槟榔屿槟榔屿槟榔屿槟榔屿槟榔屿槟榔屿涂覆基壳聚糖。乙烯吸收剂(KMnO4)聚脂膜聚脂膜聚脂膜聚脂膜聚脂膜聚脂膜聚脂膜聚脂膜聚脂膜聚脂膜聚脂膜聚脂食用膜壳聚糖和纳米壳聚糖分解三聚磷酸钠(TPP)、纳米聚磷酸钠、纳米聚磷酸钠、纳米聚磷酸钠、纳米聚磷酸钠、纳米聚磷酸钠、纳米聚磷酸钠、纳米复合磷酸钠、纳米复合磷酸钠、纳米复合磷酸钠、纳米复合磷酸钠、纳米复合磷酸钠、纳米复合磷酸钠、纳米复合磷酸钠、纳米复合磷酸钠、纳米复合磷酸钠、纳米复合磷酸钠等可食用涂层。方法:阳基壳聚糖，膜基壳聚糖，膜基壳聚糖，膜基壳聚糖，纳米壳聚糖，膜基壳聚糖，膜基壳聚糖，CNC，膜基壳聚糖。Hasil analisa menunjukkan bahwa涂层dengan komposisi纳米壳聚糖- cncnkmno4成员kan performance terbaik dalam menghambat penyusutan buah pisang dengan nilai susut bobot 4,87% Dan juga dalam menghambat pematangan, buah pisang memoriliki nilai gula terendah, yitu sebesar 16%。
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Pub Date : 2022-03-28DOI: 10.33366/rekabuana.v7i1.2807
Medi Efendi, Ayisya Cindy Harifa, S. Sutikno
The channel along Jalan Letjen Sutoyo is a drainage channel that drains dirty water from the residential area of 0.65 km2. By evaluating the capacity and flow profile using the Storm Water Management Model (SWMM), it is hoped that flooding problems in the channel can be minimized. The capacity of the existing canal along Jalan Letjen Sutoyo is to accommodate a discharge of 13.62 to 29.09 m3/s so that we get the dimensions of a trapezoidal channel with a base width of 2.8 m with a height of 2.3 m at the beginning of the channel and becomes more extensive, namely a base width of 4 m with a height of 3.7 m. Enough capacity to accommodate a discharge of 29.09 m3/s. After the evaluation, it was found that there was accumulation at two points, namely J2 and J5, due to the maximum discharge added to the discharge from local settlements at that point. So it is necessary to redesign the channel to accommodate the discharge from the settlement. The redesign was only carried out by increasing the height of the channel to 5 m because increasing the width of the channel was not possible because the channel is in a densely populated area.ABSTRAKSaluran di sepanjang Jalan Letjen Sutoyo merupakan saluran drainase yang mengalirkan debit air kotor dari daerah Kawasan permukiman seluas 0,65 km2. Dengan membuat evaluasi pada kapasitas dan profil aliran dengan menggunakan Storm Water Management Model (SWMM) diharapkan permasalahan banjir pada saluran tersebut dapat diminimalisir. Kapasitas saluran eksisting sepanjang Jalan Letjen Sutoyo adalah untuk menampung debit 13,62 hingga 29,09 m3/dt. Sehingga didapatkan dimensi berupa saluran trapesium dengan lebar dasar 2,8 m dengan ketinggian 2,3 m di awal saluran dan menjadi lebih besar yaitu lebar dasar 4 m dengan ketinggian 3.7 m. Kapasitas yang cukup untuk menampung debit sebesar 29,09 m3/dt. Setelah di evaluasi maka ditemukan adanya penumpukan pada dua titik yaitu J2 dan J5, akibat debit maksimum ditambahkan dengan debit yang berasal dari pemukiman setempat pada titik tersebut. Sehingga perlu adanya redesain saluran agar dapat menampung debit dari pemukiman. Redesain hanya dilakukan dengan penambahan ketinggian saluran menjadi 5 m, karena untuk penambahan lebar saluran tidak memungkinkan, karena saluran berada di wilayah padat pemukiman.
沿着Jalan Letjen Sutoyo的河道是一条排水通道，从0.65平方公里的住宅区排出污水。通过使用暴雨水管理模型(SWMM)评估河道的容量和流量剖面，希望能最大限度地减少河道的洪水问题。沿着Jalan Letjen Sutoyo的现有运河的容量是容纳13.62至29.09立方米/秒的流量，因此我们得到了一个梯形通道的尺寸，其基础宽度为2.8米，通道开始高度为2.3米，并且变得更宽，即基础宽度为4米，高度为3.7米。有足够的容量容纳29.09立方米/秒的流量。评价后发现，在J2和J5两个点存在积存，这是由于在该点局部沉降的流量上加了最大的流量。因此，有必要重新设计通道，以适应沉降的排放。重新设计只通过将通道的高度增加到5米来进行，因为通道位于人口稠密的地区，不可能增加通道的宽度。[摘要]川山干流区面积为0.65 km2。登安成员评价，孟古纳坎暴雨水管理模式(SWMM)， diharapkan permasalahan banjir pada saluran，但水的最小化。Kapasitas saluran eksisting sepanjang Jalan Letjen Sutoyo adalah untuk的流量分别为13,62,29,09 m3/dt。sehinga didapatkan尺寸berupa saluran trapesium登干lebar dasar 2,8 m登干ketinggian 2,3 m迪瓦瓦saluran dan menjadi lebih besar yitu lebar dasar 4 m登干ketinggian 3.7 m。Kapasitas yang cuup untuk menamonsebesar 29,09 m3/dt。Setelah di evaluasi maka ditemukan adanya penumpukan pada dua titik yitu J2和J5, akibat借记maksimum ditambahkan dengan借记yang berasal dari pemukiman seppat pada titik tersebut。seingga perlu adanya redesain saluran agar dapat menamung debit dari pemukman。5米，5米，5米，5米，5米，5米，5米，5米，5米，5米，5米，5米，5米，5米，5米，5米，5米，5米，5米，5米，5米，5米，5米，5米，5米，5米，5米，5米，5米，5米，5米，5米，5米，5米，5米，5米，5米，5米，5米，5米，5米，5米，5米，
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Pub Date : 2022-03-28DOI: 10.33366/rekabuana.v7i1.3188
Sabilul Muhtadi, B. S. Umniati, M. Sulton
The problem of self-weight in a structure is an important thing to study. This study aims to find a solution to the problem of self-weight by making a hollow column structure. Bamboo is added to the column structure to replace the strength of the concrete volume lost due to voids. The test object consisted of four columns, three hollow columns with the addition of bamboo rods, and one solid column. Variations in the number of bamboo sticks, namely one, two, and four sticks, were inserted into a column with a cross-section of 300x300 mm and a height of 800 mm. The type of bamboo used is petung bamboo with a minimum age of three years with a diameter of ±120 mm. Twelve pieces of bamboo reinforcement measuring 15x10 mm and four pieces of steel reinforcement with a diameter of 10 mm were used as the primary reinforcement. For stirrups, closed stirrups with a diameter of 8 mm are used. The load given to the column is an axial load of 900 kN on the top surface of the column. From the results of the study, the presence of cavities and the addition of bamboo stems in the column caused an increase in the value of the axial deformation, from 0.2675 mm in the Solid Column, then Columns A, B, and C increased to 0.2707 mm, 0.2731 mm and 0.2874 mm respectively.ABSTRAKPermasalahan berat sendiri pada suatu struktur menjadi hal yang penting untuk dikaji. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menemukan solusi dari permasalahan berat sendiri dengan membuat struktur kolom berongga. Untuk menggantikan kekuatan dari volume beton yang hilang karena rongga, maka ditambahkan bambu ke dalam struktur kolom. Benda uji terdiri dari empat kolom, tiga kolom berongga dengan penambahan batang bambu dan satu kolom solid. Variasi jumlah batang bambu yaitu satu, dua, dan empat batang, dimasukkan ke dalam kolom dengan penampang 300x300 mm dan tinggi 800 mm. Jenis bambu yang digunakan yaitu bambu petung berumur minimal tiga tahun dengan diameter ±120mm. 12 buah tulangan bambu berukuran 15x10 mm dan 4 buah tulangan baja berdiameter 10 mm digunakan sebagai tulangan utama. Untuk sengkang, digunakan sengkang tertutup dengan diameter 8 mm. Beban yang diberikan pada kolom berupa beban aksial sebesar 900 kN pada permukaan atas kolom. Dari hasil penelitian, adanya rongga dan penambahan batang bambu pada kolom menyebabkan kenaikan nilai deformasi aksial, dari 0,2675 mm pada Kolom Solid, lalu Kolom A, B dan C berturut-turut meningkat menjadi 0,2707 mm, 0,2731 mm dan 0,2874 mm.
结构的自重问题是一个重要的研究课题。本研究旨在通过制作空心柱结构来解决自重问题。竹材被添加到柱结构中，以取代因空洞而损失的混凝土体积的强度。试验对象由四根柱子、三根添加竹竿的空心柱和一根实心柱组成。竹竿的数量不同，有一根、两根和四根，插入一个横截面为300 × 300毫米，高度为800毫米的柱子中。所用的竹材为最小树龄为三年、直径为±120毫米的扁竹材。采用12根15 × 10毫米的竹筋和4根直径为10毫米的钢筋作为主筋。对于马镫，封闭的马镫与直径8毫米被使用。给柱的荷载为柱顶面上900 kN的轴向荷载。从研究结果来看，空心柱的存在和竹茎的加入使柱的轴向变形值增加，从实体柱的0.2675 mm，到柱A、柱B和柱C分别增加到0.2707 mm、0.2731 mm和0.2874 mm。[摘要]permasalahan berat sendiri pada suatu structure menjadi hal yang penting untuk dikaji。Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menemukan solusi dari permasalahan berdiri dendenan memututur kolomberonga。Untuk menggantikan kekuatan dari volume beton yang hilang karena rongga, maka ditambahkan bambu ke dalam struktur kolom。Benda uji terdiri dari empat kolom, tiga kolom berongga dengan penambahan batang bambu dan satu kolom solid。varasi jumlah batang bambu yaitu satu, dua, dan empat batang, dimasukkan ke dalam kolom dengan penampang 300 × 300 mm dan tinggi 800 mm。詹尼斯竹竹阳迪古纳坎雅图竹竹petung berumur最小tiga tahun登干直径±120mm。12 buah tulangan bambu berukuran 15x10毫米丹4 buah tulangan baja直径10毫米digunakan sebagai tulangan utama。Untuk升康，digunakan升康，直径8毫米。Beban yang diberikan pada kolom berupa Beban aksial sebesar 900 kada permukaan atas kolom。Dari hasil penelitian, adanya rongga dan penambahan batang bambu pada kolom menyebabkan kenaikan nilai deformasi aksial, Dari 0,2675 mm pada kolom Solid, lalu kolom A, B dan C berturut-turut meningkat menjadi 0,2707 mm, 0,2731 mm和0,2874 mm。
{"title":"Numerical Analysis of the Effect of Adding Bamboo Culms on Hollow Composite Concrete Column Structures on Axial Capacity","authors":"Sabilul Muhtadi, B. S. Umniati, M. Sulton","doi":"10.33366/rekabuana.v7i1.3188","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33366/rekabuana.v7i1.3188","url":null,"abstract":"The problem of self-weight in a structure is an important thing to study. This study aims to find a solution to the problem of self-weight by making a hollow column structure. Bamboo is added to the column structure to replace the strength of the concrete volume lost due to voids. The test object consisted of four columns, three hollow columns with the addition of bamboo rods, and one solid column. Variations in the number of bamboo sticks, namely one, two, and four sticks, were inserted into a column with a cross-section of 300x300 mm and a height of 800 mm. The type of bamboo used is petung bamboo with a minimum age of three years with a diameter of ±120 mm. Twelve pieces of bamboo reinforcement measuring 15x10 mm and four pieces of steel reinforcement with a diameter of 10 mm were used as the primary reinforcement. For stirrups, closed stirrups with a diameter of 8 mm are used. The load given to the column is an axial load of 900 kN on the top surface of the column. From the results of the study, the presence of cavities and the addition of bamboo stems in the column caused an increase in the value of the axial deformation, from 0.2675 mm in the Solid Column, then Columns A, B, and C increased to 0.2707 mm, 0.2731 mm and 0.2874 mm respectively.ABSTRAKPermasalahan berat sendiri pada suatu struktur menjadi hal yang penting untuk dikaji. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menemukan solusi dari permasalahan berat sendiri dengan membuat struktur kolom berongga. Untuk menggantikan kekuatan dari volume beton yang hilang karena rongga, maka ditambahkan bambu ke dalam struktur kolom. Benda uji terdiri dari empat kolom, tiga kolom berongga dengan penambahan batang bambu dan satu kolom solid. Variasi jumlah batang bambu yaitu satu, dua, dan empat batang, dimasukkan ke dalam kolom dengan penampang 300x300 mm dan tinggi 800 mm. Jenis bambu yang digunakan yaitu bambu petung berumur minimal tiga tahun dengan diameter ±120mm. 12 buah tulangan bambu berukuran 15x10 mm dan 4 buah tulangan baja berdiameter 10 mm digunakan sebagai tulangan utama. Untuk sengkang, digunakan sengkang tertutup dengan diameter 8 mm. Beban yang diberikan pada kolom berupa beban aksial sebesar 900 kN pada permukaan atas kolom. Dari hasil penelitian, adanya rongga dan penambahan batang bambu pada kolom menyebabkan kenaikan nilai deformasi aksial, dari 0,2675 mm pada Kolom Solid, lalu Kolom A, B dan C berturut-turut meningkat menjadi 0,2707 mm, 0,2731 mm dan 0,2874 mm.","PeriodicalId":20973,"journal":{"name":"Reka Buana : Jurnal Ilmiah Teknik Sipil dan Teknik Kimia","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-03-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85228479","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-01-31DOI: 10.32493/jitk.v6i1.13199
Siti Khuzaimah, N. Millati
Dragon fruit skin has a very attractive red color that has the potential to produce anthocyanin pigments. Anthocyanin pigments are flavonoid compounds that are soluble in water and can be used as natural dyes in food and beverages. The purpose of this study was to see the effect of the number of multilevel extraction on the anthocyanin yield of dragon fruit peel extraction. 20 grams of dragon fruit peel powder with a mesh size of 20 was extracted in batches for 72 hours at room temperature using a mixture of distilled water and 10% citric acid (1:6) as a solvent. Variations in the number of stratified extractions were 1,2,3,4 and 5 times of extraction with the number of solvents respectively 500, 2 x 250 ml, 3 x 167 ml, 4 x 125 ml, and 5 x 100 ml. analysis of anthocyanin pigment levels using a spectrophotometer with a different pH method. The results obtained that the anthocyanin yield with samples 1 to 2 times of extraction increased by 6.35%, while the anthocyanin yield of samples 1 to 5 times of extraction increased by 35.65%. The highest yield of anthocyanin pigments was 4.1625 mg/20 grams in a multilevel extraction carried out for 5 times of extraction.
{"title":"Pengaruh Jumlah Ekstraksi Bertingkat Terhadap Yield Antosianin pada Kulit Buah Naga Merah (Hylocereus polyrhizus)","authors":"Siti Khuzaimah, N. Millati","doi":"10.32493/jitk.v6i1.13199","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32493/jitk.v6i1.13199","url":null,"abstract":"Dragon fruit skin has a very attractive red color that has the potential to produce anthocyanin pigments. Anthocyanin pigments are flavonoid compounds that are soluble in water and can be used as natural dyes in food and beverages. The purpose of this study was to see the effect of the number of multilevel extraction on the anthocyanin yield of dragon fruit peel extraction. 20 grams of dragon fruit peel powder with a mesh size of 20 was extracted in batches for 72 hours at room temperature using a mixture of distilled water and 10% citric acid (1:6) as a solvent. Variations in the number of stratified extractions were 1,2,3,4 and 5 times of extraction with the number of solvents respectively 500, 2 x 250 ml, 3 x 167 ml, 4 x 125 ml, and 5 x 100 ml. analysis of anthocyanin pigment levels using a spectrophotometer with a different pH method. The results obtained that the anthocyanin yield with samples 1 to 2 times of extraction increased by 6.35%, while the anthocyanin yield of samples 1 to 5 times of extraction increased by 35.65%. The highest yield of anthocyanin pigments was 4.1625 mg/20 grams in a multilevel extraction carried out for 5 times of extraction.","PeriodicalId":20973,"journal":{"name":"Reka Buana : Jurnal Ilmiah Teknik Sipil dan Teknik Kimia","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81132169","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-01-31DOI: 10.32493/jitk.v6i1.14180
Hibrah Hibrah, Ferry Ikhsandy, A. K. Yahya, R. Rosalina
Aromatic areca catechu is one of the main agro commodities in West Sumatra. It contains tannin which are valuable compounds that are widely used in the textile industries, leather product manufacturing, or furniture industries. Utilization of tannin extraction from the aromatic betel nut is expected to increase its economic value. This study aims to extract tannin through kinetic maceration methods by varying the maceration duration of 1,2,3,4, and 5 hours; and varying the solvent concentration of ethanol 35%, 50%, 65%, 80%, and 96%. The scented areca nut powder used has a mesh size of e” 20, the stirring speed 450 rpm and the temperature kept constant at 45 oC. The extraction results were then concentrated and tested by UV-Vis spectrophotometric analysis with a standard solution of tannic acid. Optimal yield value is 3.750% identified at maceration length of 2 hours with a solvent concentration of 65% ethanol.
{"title":"Variation of Time and Ethanol Solvent Concentration Of Kinetic Maceration Tannin Extraction From Aromatic Areca Catechu","authors":"Hibrah Hibrah, Ferry Ikhsandy, A. K. Yahya, R. Rosalina","doi":"10.32493/jitk.v6i1.14180","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32493/jitk.v6i1.14180","url":null,"abstract":"Aromatic areca catechu is one of the main agro commodities in West Sumatra. It contains tannin which are valuable compounds that are widely used in the textile industries, leather product manufacturing, or furniture industries. Utilization of tannin extraction from the aromatic betel nut is expected to increase its economic value. This study aims to extract tannin through kinetic maceration methods by varying the maceration duration of 1,2,3,4, and 5 hours; and varying the solvent concentration of ethanol 35%, 50%, 65%, 80%, and 96%. The scented areca nut powder used has a mesh size of e” 20, the stirring speed 450 rpm and the temperature kept constant at 45 oC. The extraction results were then concentrated and tested by UV-Vis spectrophotometric analysis with a standard solution of tannic acid. Optimal yield value is 3.750% identified at maceration length of 2 hours with a solvent concentration of 65% ethanol.","PeriodicalId":20973,"journal":{"name":"Reka Buana : Jurnal Ilmiah Teknik Sipil dan Teknik Kimia","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83477019","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-01-31DOI: 10.32493/jitk.v6i1.15669
R. Ismet, Bella Kavalena Raeis, Sriwulan Sriwulan
The human frame requires macroelements and microelements. The system of blood formation is the synthesis of hemoglobin. Iron is a totally crucial microelement and is needed by using the body. one of the iron dietary supplements that may be consumed to save you and deal with iron deficiency is Ferrous Gluconate. Ferrous Fumarate and Ferrous Gluconate have the same function, but there are variations in the analytical method of assay. The purpose of this observation is to validate the method for figuring out the concentration of Fe Gluconate compounds in drug samples, while the approach used is UV-Vis spectrophotometry. approach validation turned into achieved earlier than assaying the pattern. Parameters within the validation technique used include specificity, device suitability, linearity, accuracy, precision, and LOD and LOQ. The consequences of the validation of the analytical approach showed precise results with the RSD acquisition of all test parameters acquired via a fee of < 2%. The values for the quantitation restrict (LOQ) and detection limit (LOD) additionally showed precise consequences, the LOD acquired became 6.920 ppm and the LOQ received changed to 23.067 ppm. in step with the meals and Drug management in 2001, the outcomes of the validation of the analytical approach on this study have met the standards and specifications, because numerous test indicators have met them. so that this method can be utilized in determining the levels of Fe Gluconate. dedication of Fe Gluconate degrees in drug samples obtained consequences with a median cost of 99.770%.
{"title":"Penetapan Kadar Fe Gluconate dengan Metode Fe Fumarate Secara Spektrofotometri UV-Vis","authors":"R. Ismet, Bella Kavalena Raeis, Sriwulan Sriwulan","doi":"10.32493/jitk.v6i1.15669","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32493/jitk.v6i1.15669","url":null,"abstract":"The human frame requires macroelements and microelements. The system of blood formation is the synthesis of hemoglobin. Iron is a totally crucial microelement and is needed by using the body. one of the iron dietary supplements that may be consumed to save you and deal with iron deficiency is Ferrous Gluconate. Ferrous Fumarate and Ferrous Gluconate have the same function, but there are variations in the analytical method of assay. The purpose of this observation is to validate the method for figuring out the concentration of Fe Gluconate compounds in drug samples, while the approach used is UV-Vis spectrophotometry. approach validation turned into achieved earlier than assaying the pattern. Parameters within the validation technique used include specificity, device suitability, linearity, accuracy, precision, and LOD and LOQ. The consequences of the validation of the analytical approach showed precise results with the RSD acquisition of all test parameters acquired via a fee of < 2%. The values for the quantitation restrict (LOQ) and detection limit (LOD) additionally showed precise consequences, the LOD acquired became 6.920 ppm and the LOQ received changed to 23.067 ppm. in step with the meals and Drug management in 2001, the outcomes of the validation of the analytical approach on this study have met the standards and specifications, because numerous test indicators have met them. so that this method can be utilized in determining the levels of Fe Gluconate. dedication of Fe Gluconate degrees in drug samples obtained consequences with a median cost of 99.770%.","PeriodicalId":20973,"journal":{"name":"Reka Buana : Jurnal Ilmiah Teknik Sipil dan Teknik Kimia","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88611184","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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