Pub Date : 2022-01-31DOI: 10.32493/jitk.v6i1.14667
M. N. Dewi, Dody Guntama, Rizky Perdana, M. Fauzan
Fruit peel waste is a big problem nowadays because the production of waste is getting bigger as the population grows. On the other hand, fruit peel waste contains elements of N, P, K which can be used to make organic fertilizer. This research was conducted by mixing water, banana peel waste and EM-4 bacteria with the fixed variables used were banana peel waste and the amoufant of EM-4 bacterial bio activator while the independent variables used in this study were the fermentation time for (2 days, 4 days and 6 days). days), with variations in initial pH (4 and 5). Testing of organic fertilizers was carried out based on the standard method of SNI 2803. Testing of nitrogen content using the Kjeldahl method, phosphorus levels as P2O5 using a UV-Vis Spectrophotometer, potassium as K2O using an Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometer (AAS) instrument. The results showed that the best level of nitrogen was 1,297.43 ppm and the best level of phosphorus was 86 ppm which was produced on the second day of fermentation with a variation of initial pH 4. While the best potassium level was obtained by a variation of initial pH 5 at a fermentation time of 6 days, namely 11,735.6 ppm. Based on the analysis of the levels of N, P, K that was carried out, the organic fertilizer produced did not meet the SNI specifications.
{"title":"Pengaruh Waktu Fermentasi dan pH Terhadap Kandungan Nitrogen, Kalium, dan Fosfor dalam Pupuk Cair Organik Dari Limbah Kulit Pisang (Musa paradisiacal)","authors":"M. N. Dewi, Dody Guntama, Rizky Perdana, M. Fauzan","doi":"10.32493/jitk.v6i1.14667","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32493/jitk.v6i1.14667","url":null,"abstract":"Fruit peel waste is a big problem nowadays because the production of waste is getting bigger as the population grows. On the other hand, fruit peel waste contains elements of N, P, K which can be used to make organic fertilizer. This research was conducted by mixing water, banana peel waste and EM-4 bacteria with the fixed variables used were banana peel waste and the amoufant of EM-4 bacterial bio activator while the independent variables used in this study were the fermentation time for (2 days, 4 days and 6 days). days), with variations in initial pH (4 and 5). Testing of organic fertilizers was carried out based on the standard method of SNI 2803. Testing of nitrogen content using the Kjeldahl method, phosphorus levels as P2O5 using a UV-Vis Spectrophotometer, potassium as K2O using an Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometer (AAS) instrument. The results showed that the best level of nitrogen was 1,297.43 ppm and the best level of phosphorus was 86 ppm which was produced on the second day of fermentation with a variation of initial pH 4. While the best potassium level was obtained by a variation of initial pH 5 at a fermentation time of 6 days, namely 11,735.6 ppm. Based on the analysis of the levels of N, P, K that was carried out, the organic fertilizer produced did not meet the SNI specifications.","PeriodicalId":20973,"journal":{"name":"Reka Buana : Jurnal Ilmiah Teknik Sipil dan Teknik Kimia","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83461783","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-01-31DOI: 10.32493/jitk.v6i1.15549
Ahmad Wibisana, Dewi Nurul Aulia, S. Nurhidayah, Dewi Hisi Anggaraeni, Fischar Chicko
Taro beneng (Xanthosoma undipes k.koch) is a tuber plant originating from Pandeglang. Taro tubers have a high starch content so they are the potential to be used in various industrial applications such as in the fields of food, textiles, paper, and others. In general, the use of natural starch for the industry has disadvantages related to its Physico-chemical characteristics. For a wider application, starch needs to be modified in order to have certain characteristics that are suitable for a certain application. In this study, a starch modification was carried out by the acetylation method using acetic anhydride. The independent variables used in this study were the ratio of acetic anhydride/dry starch (g/g): 0, 5, 10, 20%, while the dependent variables were % acetyl, degree of acetylation, swelling power, and solubility. The acetylation reaction was carried out at 35°C for 30 minutes. The results showed that starch acetylation using an acetic anhydride/starch ratio of 10 g/50 g resulted in percent acetylation (% acetyl) and degree of substitution (DS) were 4.3% and 0.16%, respectively. The highest swelling power value was 5.2 g/g, while the highest acetyl starch solubility was 1.6% which was obtained on acetylation using an acetic anhydride/starch ratio of 5/50 g/g.
{"title":"Karakteristik Pati Talas Banten yang Dimodifikasi Menggunakan Asetat Anhidrida","authors":"Ahmad Wibisana, Dewi Nurul Aulia, S. Nurhidayah, Dewi Hisi Anggaraeni, Fischar Chicko","doi":"10.32493/jitk.v6i1.15549","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32493/jitk.v6i1.15549","url":null,"abstract":"Taro beneng (Xanthosoma undipes k.koch) is a tuber plant originating from Pandeglang. Taro tubers have a high starch content so they are the potential to be used in various industrial applications such as in the fields of food, textiles, paper, and others. In general, the use of natural starch for the industry has disadvantages related to its Physico-chemical characteristics. For a wider application, starch needs to be modified in order to have certain characteristics that are suitable for a certain application. In this study, a starch modification was carried out by the acetylation method using acetic anhydride. The independent variables used in this study were the ratio of acetic anhydride/dry starch (g/g): 0, 5, 10, 20%, while the dependent variables were % acetyl, degree of acetylation, swelling power, and solubility. The acetylation reaction was carried out at 35°C for 30 minutes. The results showed that starch acetylation using an acetic anhydride/starch ratio of 10 g/50 g resulted in percent acetylation (% acetyl) and degree of substitution (DS) were 4.3% and 0.16%, respectively. The highest swelling power value was 5.2 g/g, while the highest acetyl starch solubility was 1.6% which was obtained on acetylation using an acetic anhydride/starch ratio of 5/50 g/g.","PeriodicalId":20973,"journal":{"name":"Reka Buana : Jurnal Ilmiah Teknik Sipil dan Teknik Kimia","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"77325423","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-01-31DOI: 10.32493/jitk.v6i1.14492
Elli Prastyo, Indah Dhamayanthie
One of the important components in geothermal power generation is steam turbines. One of the decreases in steam turbine performance is caused by excessive workload due to continuous operation. Maintenance of steam turbines through important overhauls is carried out to improve the performance of steam turbines. Actual conditions with ideal conditions are important to know and analyze to know the performance of steam turbines. The operational performance of steam turbines at PT Pertamina Energi Geothermal Area Kamojang can be seen from the value of turbine working specifications (Wt), and isentropic efficiency (ηt). Parameters in the form of inlet pressure (P1), outlet pressure (P2), inlet temperature (T1), outlet temperature (T2), and flow rate (m/s) are searched using the ChemicalLogic SteamTab application and linear interpolation methods to determine the value of enthalpy and entropy. The results were obtained that the value of isentropic enthalpy (h2s) before the overhaul amounted to 2,127.41 kJ/kg and after an overhaul of 2,145.91 kJ/kg. Turbine power value (Ẇt) before overhaul was 30,702.88 kW and after overhaul was 36,304.7 kW. Efficiency after overhaul decreased ±1.4% of efficiency before the overhaul.
{"title":"Analisis Kinerja Turbin Uap Sebelum dan Setelah Proses Overhaul di PT PERTAMINA GEOTHERMAL ENERGY Area Kamojang","authors":"Elli Prastyo, Indah Dhamayanthie","doi":"10.32493/jitk.v6i1.14492","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32493/jitk.v6i1.14492","url":null,"abstract":"One of the important components in geothermal power generation is steam turbines. One of the decreases in steam turbine performance is caused by excessive workload due to continuous operation. Maintenance of steam turbines through important overhauls is carried out to improve the performance of steam turbines. Actual conditions with ideal conditions are important to know and analyze to know the performance of steam turbines. The operational performance of steam turbines at PT Pertamina Energi Geothermal Area Kamojang can be seen from the value of turbine working specifications (Wt), and isentropic efficiency (ηt). Parameters in the form of inlet pressure (P1), outlet pressure (P2), inlet temperature (T1), outlet temperature (T2), and flow rate (m/s) are searched using the ChemicalLogic SteamTab application and linear interpolation methods to determine the value of enthalpy and entropy. The results were obtained that the value of isentropic enthalpy (h2s) before the overhaul amounted to 2,127.41 kJ/kg and after an overhaul of 2,145.91 kJ/kg. Turbine power value (Ẇt) before overhaul was 30,702.88 kW and after overhaul was 36,304.7 kW. Efficiency after overhaul decreased ±1.4% of efficiency before the overhaul.","PeriodicalId":20973,"journal":{"name":"Reka Buana : Jurnal Ilmiah Teknik Sipil dan Teknik Kimia","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86685001","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-01-31DOI: 10.32493/jitk.v6i1.16475
Z. Mubarok, N. Rohmah, Nurul Istiqomah Kusmuldayinah
This study was conducted to compare the saponin contents and understand the characterization of herbal teas from the Mahkota Dewa fruit and the Telang flower for reducing blood glucose. The method of processing the of the Mahkota Dewa fruit and the flower of the telang into herbal teas is by gradually drying in the oven at a temperature of 110°C for 30 minutes and 70°C for 1 hour, then did size reduction and put into tea bags weighing 2.5 g per bag for 100 ml of water. The results showed that Mahkota Dewa tea had a higher saponin content of 14.4% and a water content of 6.5% more than the Telang flower with a saponin content of 5.6% and a moisture content of 5%. The results of the hedonic test analysis with ANOVA showed that there was a significant difference between the two herbal teas in terms of color but there was no significant difference in terms of taste and aroma. In general, the Mahkota Dewa fruit tea and Telang flower tea were accepted by the panelists on a scale of 3-5 (neutral-very like). For 7 days, the pH of the steeping of Mahkota Dewa tea and Telang flower tea increased from pH 6 to 9. The results of the life test of Mahkota Dewa fruit tea and Telang flower tea can be kept for three days at cold temperatures (10°C–4°C) and one day for room temperature (20°C-25 °C).
{"title":"Pembuatan dan Karakterisasi Teh Herbal Penurun Gula Darah dari Buah Mahkota Dewa dan Bunga Telang","authors":"Z. Mubarok, N. Rohmah, Nurul Istiqomah Kusmuldayinah","doi":"10.32493/jitk.v6i1.16475","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32493/jitk.v6i1.16475","url":null,"abstract":"This study was conducted to compare the saponin contents and understand the characterization of herbal teas from the Mahkota Dewa fruit and the Telang flower for reducing blood glucose. The method of processing the of the Mahkota Dewa fruit and the flower of the telang into herbal teas is by gradually drying in the oven at a temperature of 110°C for 30 minutes and 70°C for 1 hour, then did size reduction and put into tea bags weighing 2.5 g per bag for 100 ml of water. The results showed that Mahkota Dewa tea had a higher saponin content of 14.4% and a water content of 6.5% more than the Telang flower with a saponin content of 5.6% and a moisture content of 5%. The results of the hedonic test analysis with ANOVA showed that there was a significant difference between the two herbal teas in terms of color but there was no significant difference in terms of taste and aroma. In general, the Mahkota Dewa fruit tea and Telang flower tea were accepted by the panelists on a scale of 3-5 (neutral-very like). For 7 days, the pH of the steeping of Mahkota Dewa tea and Telang flower tea increased from pH 6 to 9. The results of the life test of Mahkota Dewa fruit tea and Telang flower tea can be kept for three days at cold temperatures (10°C–4°C) and one day for room temperature (20°C-25 °C).","PeriodicalId":20973,"journal":{"name":"Reka Buana : Jurnal Ilmiah Teknik Sipil dan Teknik Kimia","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"78987903","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-10-08DOI: 10.33366/rekabuana.v6i2.2614
D. Lestari, Siti Fatimah
The manufacture of Nata de soya uses additional chemicals in Zwavelzure Ammonia (ZA) which functions as a nitrogen source. ZA is dangerous if consumed at the maximum limit, so it needs to be replaced with natural ingredients. Sprout is one of the natural ingredients containing organic nitrogen. This mung bean sprout will be used as a nitrogen source to replace the function of ZA. This study aims to determine the effect of adding green bean extract and sugar as characteristics of Nata de soya. This study is prepared using a completely randomized design (CRD). According to the Standard National Indonesian (SNI), the best test results obtained are 98.76% water content, 12.68% vitamin C, 22.74% yield, 1.1 cm thickness, and less than 4.5% fiber content.ABSTRAKPembuatan nata de soya menggunakan bahan kimia tambahan berupa Zwavelzure Ammoniak (ZA) yang berfungsi sebagai sumber nitrogen. ZA berbahaya jika dikonsumsi dalam batas maksimum sehingga perlu diganti dengan bahan alami. Kecambah adalah salah satu bahan alami yang mengandung nitrogen organik. Kecambah kacang hijau inilah yang akan digunakan sebagai sumber nitrogen untuk menggantikan fungsi dari ZA. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh penambahan ekstrak kecambah kacang hijau dan gula sebagai karakteristik nata de soya. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode Rancangan Acak Lengkap (RAL). Didapat hasil uji terbaik kadar air 98,76%, vitamin c 12,68%, rendemen 22,74%, ketebalan 1,1 cm dan kadar serat kurang dari 4,5% sesuai Standar Nasional Indonesia (SNI).
Nata de大豆的生产在zwavzure氨(ZA)中使用了额外的化学物质，作为氮源。如果摄入最大限量，ZA是危险的，所以需要用天然成分代替。豆芽是含有机氮的天然原料之一。该绿豆芽将作为氮源替代ZA的功能。本研究旨在确定添加绿豆提取物和糖对大豆特性的影响。本研究采用完全随机设计(CRD)。根据印尼国家标准(SNI)，获得的最佳测试结果为含水量98.76%，维生素C 12.68%，收率22.74%，厚度1.1 cm，纤维含量小于4.5%。[摘要][摘要][endnoteran natata de soya mongunakan bahan kimia tambahan berupa] Zwavelzure amoniak (ZA)][杨氏真菌][sebagai]。这是我的生日，我的生日，我的生日，我的生日。Kecambah adalah salah satu bahan alami yang mengandung氮有机。Kecambah kacang hijau inilah yang akan digunakan sebagai number n n untuk menggantikan funsi dari ZA。Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh penambahan ekstrak kecambaha kacang hijau dan gula sebagai karakteristik nata de soya。Penelitian ini mongunakan方法，ranancan Acak Lengkap (RAL)。Didapat hasil uji terbaik kadar air 98,76%，维生素c 12,68%， renmen 22,74%， ketebalan 1,1 cm dan kadar serat kurang dari 4,5% sesuai standard national Indonesia (SNI)。
{"title":"Pengaruh Penambahan Ekstrak Kecambah dan Kadar Gula Pasir Terhadap Karakteristik Nata De Soya dari Limbah Cair Tahu","authors":"D. Lestari, Siti Fatimah","doi":"10.33366/rekabuana.v6i2.2614","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33366/rekabuana.v6i2.2614","url":null,"abstract":"The manufacture of Nata de soya uses additional chemicals in Zwavelzure Ammonia (ZA) which functions as a nitrogen source. ZA is dangerous if consumed at the maximum limit, so it needs to be replaced with natural ingredients. Sprout is one of the natural ingredients containing organic nitrogen. This mung bean sprout will be used as a nitrogen source to replace the function of ZA. This study aims to determine the effect of adding green bean extract and sugar as characteristics of Nata de soya. This study is prepared using a completely randomized design (CRD). According to the Standard National Indonesian (SNI), the best test results obtained are 98.76% water content, 12.68% vitamin C, 22.74% yield, 1.1 cm thickness, and less than 4.5% fiber content.ABSTRAKPembuatan nata de soya menggunakan bahan kimia tambahan berupa Zwavelzure Ammoniak (ZA) yang berfungsi sebagai sumber nitrogen. ZA berbahaya jika dikonsumsi dalam batas maksimum sehingga perlu diganti dengan bahan alami. Kecambah adalah salah satu bahan alami yang mengandung nitrogen organik. Kecambah kacang hijau inilah yang akan digunakan sebagai sumber nitrogen untuk menggantikan fungsi dari ZA. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh penambahan ekstrak kecambah kacang hijau dan gula sebagai karakteristik nata de soya. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode Rancangan Acak Lengkap (RAL). Didapat hasil uji terbaik kadar air 98,76%, vitamin c 12,68%, rendemen 22,74%, ketebalan 1,1 cm dan kadar serat kurang dari 4,5% sesuai Standar Nasional Indonesia (SNI).","PeriodicalId":20973,"journal":{"name":"Reka Buana : Jurnal Ilmiah Teknik Sipil dan Teknik Kimia","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-10-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"72650441","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-10-08DOI: 10.33366/rekabuana.v6i2.2360
Anitarakhmi Handaratri, M. I. Hudha
Yellowfin tuna is commonly found in Malang Regency, their bones are the untapped fishery byproducts. The bones can be used as a source of collagen. The purpose of this study was to delve the effect of the hydrolysis extraction method using microwave irradiation on the resulting collagen. The treatment carried out in this study was to add 500 mL of 0.5M CH3COOH solution and put it in the microwave at various variable times of 1 - 5 hours and power 100 - 300 watts. The highest yield was obtained in the microwave power variable of 100 watts with a processing time of 3 hours, namely 9.32%. The results of FTIR analysis showed the presence of functional groups of Amide I, II, III, A, B, alkene groups, aromatic rings, and carboxylic acids. Measurement of water content is known to be 9.18%, ash content of 0.03%, and fat content of 0.26%.ABSTRAKTuna sirip kuning banyak ditemukan di Kabupaten Malang, tulangnya merupakan hasil samping pengolahan ikan yang belum dimanfaatkan. Tulang dapat digunakan sebagai sumber kolagen. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui pengaruh metode ekstraksi hidrolisis menggunakan iradiasi gelombang mikro terhadap kolagen yang dihasilkan. Perlakuan yang dilakukan pada penelitian ini adalah menambahkan 500 mL larutan 0,5M CH3COOH dan memasukkannya ke dalam microwave dengan variasi waktu 1 - 5 jam dan daya 100 - 300 watt. Rendemen tertinggi diperoleh pada variabel daya gelombang mikro 100 watt dengan waktu proses 3 jam yaitu 9,32%. Hasil analisis FTIR menunjukkan adanya gugus fungsi Amida I, II, III, A, B, gugus alkena, cincin aromatik, dan asam karboksilat. Pengukuran kadar air diketahui 9,18%, kadar abu 0,03%, dan kadar lemak 0,26%..
黄鳍金枪鱼常见于玛琅摄政，它们的骨头是未开发的渔业副产品。这些骨头可以作为胶原蛋白的来源。本研究的目的是探讨微波辐照水解提取法对所得胶原蛋白的影响。本研究的处理方法是加入500 mL 0.5M CH3COOH溶液，以100 - 300瓦的功率，在1 - 5小时的不同时间微波加热。微波功率变量为100瓦，处理时间为3小时，收率最高，为9.32%。FTIR分析结果表明，产物中存在酰胺I、II、III、A、B、烯烃、芳香环和羧酸等官能团。已知含水量为9.18%，灰分含量为0.03%，脂肪含量为0.26%。摘要:吞拿鱼kuning banyak ditemukan di Kabupaten Malang, tulangnya merupakan hasil samping pengolahan ikan yang belum dimanfaatkan。Tulang dapat digunakan sebagai sumber kolagen。图juan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk menggetahui pengaruh方法ekstraksi hidolis menggunakan iradiasi gelombang mikhadap kolagen yang dihasilkan。Perlakuan yang dilakukan padpadpenelitian ini adalah menambahkan 500 mL larutan 0,5M CH3COOH danmemasukkannya ke dalam微波dengan variasi waktu 1 - 5果酱dandaya 100 - 300瓦。汇演:汇演:汇演:汇演:汇演:汇演:汇演:汇演:汇演:汇演:汇演:汇演:汇演:汇演:汇演:汇演利用红外光谱分析了古古真菌的I, II, III, A, B，古古alkina, cincinaromatik，和asam karboksilat。企鹅卡达尔空气diketahui 9,18%，卡达尔约0,03%，丹卡达尔lemak 0,26%..
{"title":"Ekstraksi Kolagen dari Ikan Tuna Sirip Kuning dengan Bantuan Microwave","authors":"Anitarakhmi Handaratri, M. I. Hudha","doi":"10.33366/rekabuana.v6i2.2360","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33366/rekabuana.v6i2.2360","url":null,"abstract":"Yellowfin tuna is commonly found in Malang Regency, their bones are the untapped fishery byproducts. The bones can be used as a source of collagen. The purpose of this study was to delve the effect of the hydrolysis extraction method using microwave irradiation on the resulting collagen. The treatment carried out in this study was to add 500 mL of 0.5M CH3COOH solution and put it in the microwave at various variable times of 1 - 5 hours and power 100 - 300 watts. The highest yield was obtained in the microwave power variable of 100 watts with a processing time of 3 hours, namely 9.32%. The results of FTIR analysis showed the presence of functional groups of Amide I, II, III, A, B, alkene groups, aromatic rings, and carboxylic acids. Measurement of water content is known to be 9.18%, ash content of 0.03%, and fat content of 0.26%.ABSTRAKTuna sirip kuning banyak ditemukan di Kabupaten Malang, tulangnya merupakan hasil samping pengolahan ikan yang belum dimanfaatkan. Tulang dapat digunakan sebagai sumber kolagen. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui pengaruh metode ekstraksi hidrolisis menggunakan iradiasi gelombang mikro terhadap kolagen yang dihasilkan. Perlakuan yang dilakukan pada penelitian ini adalah menambahkan 500 mL larutan 0,5M CH3COOH dan memasukkannya ke dalam microwave dengan variasi waktu 1 - 5 jam dan daya 100 - 300 watt. Rendemen tertinggi diperoleh pada variabel daya gelombang mikro 100 watt dengan waktu proses 3 jam yaitu 9,32%. Hasil analisis FTIR menunjukkan adanya gugus fungsi Amida I, II, III, A, B, gugus alkena, cincin aromatik, dan asam karboksilat. Pengukuran kadar air diketahui 9,18%, kadar abu 0,03%, dan kadar lemak 0,26%..","PeriodicalId":20973,"journal":{"name":"Reka Buana : Jurnal Ilmiah Teknik Sipil dan Teknik Kimia","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-10-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"79236854","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-10-08DOI: 10.33366/rekabuana.v6i2.2649
A. Utami, William Kurnia Rubin Natio
Selection of the use of transportation modes to travel from origin to destination is influenced by various factors. Factors that must be considered include travel time, vehicle operating costs (VOK), and the value of travel time. The purpose of this study is to determine which model will be chosen by the user to travel and discusses the comparative analysis of travel time and cost of public transportation modes, namely Transjakarta and private cars. This research was conducted in DKI Jakarta, precisely in the Transjakarta corridor IX Pinang Ranti-Pluit. Measurement of travel time is done by riding each mode with the same route and time. Secondary data as calculation material was obtained from agencies related to this research. This study analyzes Vehicle Operational Costs (VOK) using the Pacific Consultants International (PCI) method. The results showed that during peak hours, the use of Transjakarta was more effective in terms of time because the travel time required was 11 minutes faster than in private vehicles. Then for the costs incurred, it is also more efficient to use Transjakarta at the cost of Rp. 3,500 per trip. Meanwhile, using a private vehicle of Rp. 14,784 per person with a passenger car capacity of 7 people. During the COVID-19 pandemic, there was a provision for a passenger car capacity limit of 4 people. So the cost of using a private vehicle per person can reach Rp. 25,871.ABSTRAKPemilihan penggunaan moda transportasi untuk melakukan perjalanan dari asal ke tujuan dipengaruhi oleh berbagai macam faktor. Faktor yang diperhatikan antara lain waktu tempuh, Biaya Operasional Kendaraan (BOK) dan nilai waktu perjalanan. Untuk memperkirakan mode apa yang akan dipilih oleh masyarakat untuk bepergian, penelitian ini membahas tentang analisis perbandingan waktu tempuh dan biaya moda transportasi umum yaitu transjakarta dan mobil pribadi. Penelitian ini berlokasi di provinsi DKI Jakarta tepatnya pada koridor IX transjakarta Pinang Ranti-Pluit. Pengukuran waktu perjalanan dilakukan dengan cara menaiki masing-masing moda dengan rute dan waktu yang sama. Data sekunder sebagai bahan perhitungan, diperoleh dari instansi yang terkait dengan penelitian ini. Analisis Biaya Operasional Kendaraan (BOK) dalam penelitian ini menggunakan Metode Pacific Consultants International (PCI) Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa pada jam sibuk penggunaan Transjakarta lebih efektif secara waktu karena waktu tempuh yang diperlukan lebih cepat 11 menit dibandingkan dengan kendaraan pribadi. Kemudian untuk biaya yang dikeluarkan juga lebih efisien menggunakan Transjakarta dengan biaya sebesar Rp 3.500 sekali perjalanan. Sedangkan jika dibandingkan dengan menggunakan kendaraan pribadi sebesar Rp 14.784 perorang dengan kapasitas mobil penumpang sebanyak 7 orang. Pada masa pandemic covid-19, terdapat ketentuan batas kapasitas mobil penumpang sebanyak 4 orang. Sehingga biaya menggunakan kendaraan pribadi perorangnya dapat mencapai Rp. 25.871.
从出发地到目的地的交通方式的选择受到各种因素的影响。必须考虑的因素包括旅行时间、车辆运营成本(VOK)和旅行时间的价值。本研究的目的是确定用户将选择哪种模式出行，并讨论公共交通方式，即雅加达Transjakarta和私家车的出行时间和成本的比较分析。这项研究是在雅加达DKI进行的，确切地说，是在跨雅加达走廊IX Pinang Ranti-Pluit。旅行时间的测量是通过在相同的路线和时间内乘坐每种模式来完成的。作为计算材料的二手数据来自与本研究相关的机构。本研究使用太平洋咨询公司(PCI)的方法分析车辆营运成本(VOK)。结果表明，在高峰时段，使用雅加达交通线在时间上更有效，因为所需的旅行时间比私人车辆快11分钟。那么考虑到所产生的费用，乘坐雅加达航空公司的效率也更高，单程费用为3,500印尼盾。与此同时，使用私人车辆每人14,784卢比，乘用车容量为7人。在新冠肺炎疫情期间，乘用车的载客量限制为4人。因此，每个人使用私家车的成本可以达到25,871卢比。摘要/ abstract摘要:彭家南的交通运输模式是由彭家南的交通运输模式决定的，而彭家南的交通运输模式是由彭家南的交通运输模式决定的。阿克托·杨，阿克托·瓦克图·坦普，比亚亚，肯达拉安行动(BOK)，阿克托·瓦克图·帕贾拉南。Untuk member kirakan mode apa yang akan dipilih oleh masyarakat Untuk bepergian, penelitian ini member has tentang analysis perbandingan waktu tempuh dan biaya moda transportasi umum yitu transjakarta dan mobil pribadi。Penelitian ini berlokasi di provinsi DKI Jakarta tepatnya pada koridor IX transjakarta Pinang Ranti-Pluit。企鹅waktu perjalanan dilakukan dengan cara menaiki masing-masing moda dengan rute dan waktu yang sama。数据检索根据sebagai bahan perhitungan, diperoleh dari instanyang terkait dengan penelitian ini。分析Biaya业务kendaran (BOK) dalam penelitian ini menggunakan Metode Pacific Consultants International (PCI) Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa padjjamsibuk penggunaan Transjakarta lebih efektif secara waktu karena waktu tempuh yang diperlukan lebih cepat 11 menit dibandingkan dengan Kendaraan pribadi。Kemudian untuk biaya yang dikeluarkan juga lebih efisien menggunakan Transjakarta dengan biaya sebesar Rp 3.500[4] [7] [4] [7] [7] [7] [7] [7]巴布亚新几内亚大流行covid-19, terdapat ketentuan batas kapasitas mobil penumpang sebanyak 4橙。北京:新疆，新疆，新疆，新疆，新疆，新疆，新疆，新疆，25.871。
{"title":"Analisis Perbandingan Waktu Perjalanan dan Biaya antara Kendaraan Pribadi dan Transjakarta menggunakan Metode PCI (Studi Kasus : TJ Koridor IX Pinang Ranti-Pluit)","authors":"A. Utami, William Kurnia Rubin Natio","doi":"10.33366/rekabuana.v6i2.2649","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33366/rekabuana.v6i2.2649","url":null,"abstract":"Selection of the use of transportation modes to travel from origin to destination is influenced by various factors. Factors that must be considered include travel time, vehicle operating costs (VOK), and the value of travel time. The purpose of this study is to determine which model will be chosen by the user to travel and discusses the comparative analysis of travel time and cost of public transportation modes, namely Transjakarta and private cars. This research was conducted in DKI Jakarta, precisely in the Transjakarta corridor IX Pinang Ranti-Pluit. Measurement of travel time is done by riding each mode with the same route and time. Secondary data as calculation material was obtained from agencies related to this research. This study analyzes Vehicle Operational Costs (VOK) using the Pacific Consultants International (PCI) method. The results showed that during peak hours, the use of Transjakarta was more effective in terms of time because the travel time required was 11 minutes faster than in private vehicles. Then for the costs incurred, it is also more efficient to use Transjakarta at the cost of Rp. 3,500 per trip. Meanwhile, using a private vehicle of Rp. 14,784 per person with a passenger car capacity of 7 people. During the COVID-19 pandemic, there was a provision for a passenger car capacity limit of 4 people. So the cost of using a private vehicle per person can reach Rp. 25,871.ABSTRAKPemilihan penggunaan moda transportasi untuk melakukan perjalanan dari asal ke tujuan dipengaruhi oleh berbagai macam faktor. Faktor yang diperhatikan antara lain waktu tempuh, Biaya Operasional Kendaraan (BOK) dan nilai waktu perjalanan. Untuk memperkirakan mode apa yang akan dipilih oleh masyarakat untuk bepergian, penelitian ini membahas tentang analisis perbandingan waktu tempuh dan biaya moda transportasi umum yaitu transjakarta dan mobil pribadi. Penelitian ini berlokasi di provinsi DKI Jakarta tepatnya pada koridor IX transjakarta Pinang Ranti-Pluit. Pengukuran waktu perjalanan dilakukan dengan cara menaiki masing-masing moda dengan rute dan waktu yang sama. Data sekunder sebagai bahan perhitungan, diperoleh dari instansi yang terkait dengan penelitian ini. Analisis Biaya Operasional Kendaraan (BOK) dalam penelitian ini menggunakan Metode Pacific Consultants International (PCI) Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa pada jam sibuk penggunaan Transjakarta lebih efektif secara waktu karena waktu tempuh yang diperlukan lebih cepat 11 menit dibandingkan dengan kendaraan pribadi. Kemudian untuk biaya yang dikeluarkan juga lebih efisien menggunakan Transjakarta dengan biaya sebesar Rp 3.500 sekali perjalanan. Sedangkan jika dibandingkan dengan menggunakan kendaraan pribadi sebesar Rp 14.784 perorang dengan kapasitas mobil penumpang sebanyak 7 orang. Pada masa pandemic covid-19, terdapat ketentuan batas kapasitas mobil penumpang sebanyak 4 orang. Sehingga biaya menggunakan kendaraan pribadi perorangnya dapat mencapai Rp. 25.871.","PeriodicalId":20973,"journal":{"name":"Reka Buana : Jurnal Ilmiah Teknik Sipil dan Teknik Kimia","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-10-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90824004","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-10-08DOI: 10.33366/rekabuana.v6i2.2645
H. N. Aulia, Zami Furqon
The distillation process in the debutanizer column has an essential role in separating the catalytic naphtha product from the light fraction consisting of C3 and C4 hydrocarbon components, both saturated and unsaturated. The naphtha catalytic product is used to blend gasoline because it has a high octane number. The distillation process in the column produces the bottom product of catalytic naphtha and the top product, which is the feed for the stabilizer column. In order to obtain the quantity and quality of catalytic naphtha products, it is necessary to adjust the operating conditions of the debutanizer column properly so that a product that meets the desired specifications is obtained. The method used is the short-cut calculation method which includes the calculation of the material balance and the determination of the condition of the incoming feed. Data collection is obtained from data in the industry. After calculating the material balance of the debutanizer column, the composition of the hydrocarbon constituents of the feed, the top product, and the bottom product can be seen. From the composition data, it can be seen the relationship between operating conditions and the quality of the resulting product. The higher the column operating pressure, the lighter components will be affected, increasing the C4 minus content carried to the bottom product. The higher the C4 minus content, the higher the octane number of catalytic naphtha, but this also affects the Reid Vapor Pressure (RVP) of catalytic naphtha, which also increases. Setting the operating pressure of the column should still pay attention to the product RVP limits, so that product specifications are fulfilled.ABSTRAKProses distilasi pada kolom debutanizer memiliki peran yang penting untuk memisahkan produk catalytic naphta dari fraksi ringan yang terdiri atas komponen hidrokarbon C3 dan C4, baik jenuh maupun tak jenuh. Produk catalytic naphta tersebut digunakan sebagai komponen blending gasoline karena memiliki angka oktan yang tinggi. Proses distilasi pada kolom tersebut dihasilkan produk bawah catalytic naphta dan produk atasnya yang merupakan umpan bagi kolom stabilizer. Untuk mendapatkan kuantitas dan kualitas produk catalytic naphta, maka diperlukan pengaturan kondisi operasi kolom debutanizer yang tepat sehingga diperoleh produk yang sesuai dengan spesifikasi yang diinginkan. Metode yang digunakan adalah metode perhitungan short-cut yang meliputi perhitungan material balance, dan penentuan kondisi umpan masuk. Pengumpulan data didapatkan dari data di industri. Setelah dilakukan perhitungan material balance kolom debutanizer dapat diketahui komposisi hidrokarbon penyusun umpan, produk atas, dan juga produk bawah. Dari data komposisi tersebut dapat diketahui hubungan antara kondisi operasi terhadap kualitas produk yang dihasilkan. Semakin tinggi tekanan operasi kolom, maka akan mempengaruhi komponen ringan, yakni meningkatkan kandungan C4 minus yang terikut ke produk bawah. Semak
脱坦塔的精馏过程对催化石脑油产品与由饱和和不饱和的C3和C4烃组成的轻馏分的分离具有重要作用。石脑油催化产物具有较高的辛烷值，可用于混合汽油。塔中的精馏过程产生催化石脑油的底产物和稳定塔的进料的顶产物。为了获得催化石脑油产品的数量和质量，有必要对脱塔塔的操作条件进行适当的调整，以获得符合要求规格的产品。所使用的方法是捷径计算法，包括物料平衡的计算和进料条件的确定。数据收集来源于行业内的数据。计算出脱塔塔的物料平衡后，可以看出进料、顶产物和底产物的烃组分组成。从成分数据中可以看出操作条件与所得产品质量的关系。塔身操作压力越高，受影响的组分越轻，携带到塔底产品的C4负离子含量增加。C4负离子含量越高，催化石脑油辛烷值越高，但也影响了催化石脑油的Reid蒸气压(RVP)， RVP也随之升高。设置塔的操作压力时仍应注意产品的RVP限值，使产品达到规格要求。摘要:本文主要研究了蒸馏用苯酚脱硝剂苯酚脱硝产物苯酚脱硝剂苯酚脱硝剂苯酚脱硝剂苯酚脱硝剂苯酚脱硝剂苯酚脱硝剂苯酚脱硝剂生产催化汽油，但digunakan sebagai komponen混合汽油karena memiliki angka oktan yang tinggi。工艺蒸馏帕达kolom tersesedihasilkan产品巴瓦催化萘丹产品atasnya yang merupakan umpanbagi kolom稳定剂。Untuk mendapatkan kuantitas dan kualitas产品催化萘，maka diperlukan pengaturan kondisi operasi kolom debutanizer yang tepat sehinga diperoleh产品yang sesuai dengan种kasi yang diinginkan。Metode yang digunakan adalah Metode perhitungan short-cut yang meliputi perhitungan物质平衡，dan penentuan kondisi umpan masuk。彭普兰数据didapatkan数据diindustry。Setelah dilakukan perhitungan物料平衡kolom脱硝剂dapat diketahui komposisi氢碳脱硝剂，产品atas, dan juga产品bawah。中文:中文:中文:中文:中文:中文:中文:中文:中文:中文:中文:中文:中文:中文:中文:中文:中文:中文:中文:中文:中文:中文:Semakin tinggi tekanan operasi kolom, maka akan mempengaruhi komponen ringan, yakni meningkatkan kandungan C4 - yang terikut ke产品bawah。Semakin tinggi kandungan C4 - maka akan meningkatkan angka oktan dari催化萘，namun hal ini juga berpengaruh pada Reid蒸气压(RVP)催化萘yang juga meningkat。彭图兰tekanan operasi kolom tersei，但hendaknya tetap成员perhatikan batasan RVP产品琼脂品种terpenuhi。
{"title":"Evaluasi Pengaruh Kondisi Operasi Terhadap Kualitas Produk Bawah Kolom Debutanizer","authors":"H. N. Aulia, Zami Furqon","doi":"10.33366/rekabuana.v6i2.2645","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33366/rekabuana.v6i2.2645","url":null,"abstract":"The distillation process in the debutanizer column has an essential role in separating the catalytic naphtha product from the light fraction consisting of C3 and C4 hydrocarbon components, both saturated and unsaturated. The naphtha catalytic product is used to blend gasoline because it has a high octane number. The distillation process in the column produces the bottom product of catalytic naphtha and the top product, which is the feed for the stabilizer column. In order to obtain the quantity and quality of catalytic naphtha products, it is necessary to adjust the operating conditions of the debutanizer column properly so that a product that meets the desired specifications is obtained. The method used is the short-cut calculation method which includes the calculation of the material balance and the determination of the condition of the incoming feed. Data collection is obtained from data in the industry. After calculating the material balance of the debutanizer column, the composition of the hydrocarbon constituents of the feed, the top product, and the bottom product can be seen. From the composition data, it can be seen the relationship between operating conditions and the quality of the resulting product. The higher the column operating pressure, the lighter components will be affected, increasing the C4 minus content carried to the bottom product. The higher the C4 minus content, the higher the octane number of catalytic naphtha, but this also affects the Reid Vapor Pressure (RVP) of catalytic naphtha, which also increases. Setting the operating pressure of the column should still pay attention to the product RVP limits, so that product specifications are fulfilled.ABSTRAKProses distilasi pada kolom debutanizer memiliki peran yang penting untuk memisahkan produk catalytic naphta dari fraksi ringan yang terdiri atas komponen hidrokarbon C3 dan C4, baik jenuh maupun tak jenuh. Produk catalytic naphta tersebut digunakan sebagai komponen blending gasoline karena memiliki angka oktan yang tinggi. Proses distilasi pada kolom tersebut dihasilkan produk bawah catalytic naphta dan produk atasnya yang merupakan umpan bagi kolom stabilizer. Untuk mendapatkan kuantitas dan kualitas produk catalytic naphta, maka diperlukan pengaturan kondisi operasi kolom debutanizer yang tepat sehingga diperoleh produk yang sesuai dengan spesifikasi yang diinginkan. Metode yang digunakan adalah metode perhitungan short-cut yang meliputi perhitungan material balance, dan penentuan kondisi umpan masuk. Pengumpulan data didapatkan dari data di industri. Setelah dilakukan perhitungan material balance kolom debutanizer dapat diketahui komposisi hidrokarbon penyusun umpan, produk atas, dan juga produk bawah. Dari data komposisi tersebut dapat diketahui hubungan antara kondisi operasi terhadap kualitas produk yang dihasilkan. Semakin tinggi tekanan operasi kolom, maka akan mempengaruhi komponen ringan, yakni meningkatkan kandungan C4 minus yang terikut ke produk bawah. Semak","PeriodicalId":20973,"journal":{"name":"Reka Buana : Jurnal Ilmiah Teknik Sipil dan Teknik Kimia","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-10-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81889986","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-10-08DOI: 10.33366/rekabuana.v6i2.2642
Hibrah Hibrah, Sutrasno Kartohardjono, Mohammed Ali Berawi
Natural gas is one of the primary hydrocarbon energies in Indonesia. The construction of natural gas production facilities is essential to accommodate domestic energy needs. These facilities include production, pipelines, and processing facilities in an integrated manner. This study used the hydrocarbon composition of Field-X with an average of 7.62% CO2 and 0.06% H2S. The alternative design uses a fixed platform (fixed platform), MOPU (Mobile Offshore Production Unit), and a Semi-Submersible platform. The design comparison criteria are capital expenditure (CapEx), net present value (NPV), internal rate of return (IRR), work completion time, safety risk, and flexibility of future facility development. Through the comparison method, it is found that Option A is the best option, which has a design criterion value of 57%, a higher NPV of $43,537,469.58 than the smallest NPV option, an IRR of 19%, and a payout time (POT) of 5 years. Option A uses a fixed platform with a pipeline to the north, the hydrocarbon separation process is carried out on an offshore platform, and the processing is carried out onshore. ABSTRAKGas alam merupakan salah satu energi hidrokarbon utama di Indonesia. Pembangunan fasilitas produksinya sangat penting untuk mengakomodasi kebutuhan energi dalam negeri. Fasilitas ini meliputi produksi, jalur pemipaan, dan fasilitas pengolahan hidrokarbon secara terintegrasi. Penelitian ini menggunakan komposisi hidrokarbon dari Lapangan-X dengan rata-rata CO2 7.62% dan H2S 0.06%. Alternatif desain menggunakan anjungan tetap (fix platform), MOPU (Mobile Offshore Production Unit), dan anjungan Semi-Submersible. Kriteria perbandingan desain adalah modal awal, nilai bersih saat ini (NPV), tingkat pengembalian internal (IRR), waktu penyelesaian pekerjaan, resiko keselamatan, dan flexibilitas pengembangan fasilitas kedepan. Melalui metode perbandingan yang dipadankan didapatkan Opsi A adalah opsi terbaik, yang memiliki nilai kriteria desain 57%, NPV lebih tinggi $43,537,469.58 dibanding opsi NPV terkecil, IRR 19% dan waktu pembayaran (payout time/POT) 5 tahun. Opsi A menggunakan anjungan tetap dengan jalur pemipaan ke arah Utara, proses separasi hidrokarbon dilakukan pada anjungan lepas pantai (offshore) dan pengolahannya dilakukan di darat (onshore).
天然气是印尼主要的碳氢化合物能源之一。天然气生产设施的建设对于满足国内能源需求至关重要。这些设施包括一体化的生产、管道和加工设施。本次研究使用的是Field-X油田的油气成分，平均CO2含量为7.62%，H2S含量为0.06%。备选设计采用固定平台(fixed platform)、移动式海上生产单元(MOPU)和半潜式平台。设计比较标准是资本支出(CapEx)、净现值(NPV)、内部收益率(IRR)、工作完成时间、安全风险和未来设施开发的灵活性。通过比较方法发现，A选项为最佳选项，其设计准则值为57%，NPV为43,537,469.58美元，高于最小NPV选项，IRR为19%，支付时间(POT)为5年。方案A采用固定平台，北面有一条管道，油气分离过程在海上平台上进行，加工过程在陆上进行。【摘要】印尼天然气预警系统(gas alarm merupakan salah)。Pembangunan fasilitas producduksinya sangat penting untuk mengakomodasi kebutuhan energi dalam negeri。黄芪、黄芪、黄芪、黄芪、黄芪、黄芪、黄芪、黄芪、黄芪、黄芪等。Penelitian ini menggunakan komposisi hidrocarbon dari Lapangan-X dengan rata-rata CO2 7.62% H2S 0.06%备选设计蒙古那坎安军岗固定式钻井平台、移动式海上生产装置MOPU、安军岗半潜式钻井平台。标准:弹性与设计:adalah modal awal, nilai bersih saat ini (NPV)， tingkat pengembalian internal (IRR)， waktu penyelesaian pekerjaan, resiko keselamatan, danflexibilitas pengembangan和fasilitas kedepan。Melalui方法perbandingan yang dipadankan didapatkan Opsi A adalah Opsi terbaik, yang memililki nilai标准设计57%，NPV lebih tinggi $43,537,469.58 dialui Opsi NPV terkecil, IRR 19% dan waktu pembayaran(支付时间/POT) 5 tahun。Opsi A menggunakan anjungan tetap dengan jalur pemipaan ke arah Utara，处理separasi hidrokarbon dilakukan pada anjungan lepas pantai(海上)和pengolahannya dilakukan di darat(陆上)。
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Pub Date : 2021-09-30DOI: 10.33366/rekabuana.v6i2.2686
M. A. Batutah, Deni Arifin, Poniman Poniman, S. Solikin
This study aims to determine the dimensions of the spiral groove condenser to convert plastic waste into fuel and determine the material's effectiveness for making spiral groove condensers. This research was conducted in stages: potential identification, data collection, equipment design and calculation, design validation, testing, and equipment feasibility test. In the testing and equipment feasibility test, namely by inserting plastic waste into the pyrolysis process reactor, then heated to a temperature of 180 oC and an evaporation process occurs, the vapors obtained are then condensed to be fuel. The spiral groove condenser design is made with a length of 3 m, a diameter of 30 cm, and a height of 34 cm use ½ inch galvanized iron material and a plate thickness of 0.0127 mm. The cooling water circulation process uses a spiral iron pipe, with a temperature of steam entering the condenser 180 oC and the temperature of the water in the condenser is 40 oC. From 1000 gr of plastic waste can be produced as much as 100 ml of fuel.ABSTRAKPenelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui dimensi kondensor alur spiral untuk merubah sampah plastik menjadi bahan bakar minyak, untuk mengetahui efektifitas bahan pembuatan kondensor alur spiral. Penelitian ini dilakukan dengan tahapan : identifikasi potensi, pengumpulan data, desain peralatan dan perhitungan, validasi desain, pengujian dan uji kelayakan alat. Pada proses pengujian dan uji kelayakan alat yaitu dengan memasukkan sampah plastik kedalam reaktor proses pirolisis, selanjutnya dipanaskan sampai temperatur 180 oC dan terjadi proses penguapan, uap yang yang diperoleh selanjutnya di kondensasi menjadi bahan bakar minyak. Rancangan kondensor alur spiral yang telah dibuat dengan panjang 3 m, berdiameter 30 cm dan tinggi 34 cm menggunakan bahan besi galfanis ½ inch dan tebal plat 0.0127 mm, proses sirkulasi air pendingin menggunakan pipa besi spiral, dengan suhu uap yang masuk ke dalam kondensor 180 oC dan temperatur air pada kondensor 40 oC. dari 1000 gr sampah plastik dapat dihasilkan sebanyak 100 ml bahan bakar minyak.
本研究旨在确定将塑料废弃物转化为燃料的螺旋槽冷凝器的尺寸，并确定制造螺旋槽冷凝器的材料的有效性。本研究分潜力识别、数据收集、设备设计计算、设计验证、试验、设备可行性试验等阶段进行。在试验和设备可行性试验中，即将塑料废弃物插入热解工艺反应器中，加热至180℃，发生蒸发过程，所得蒸汽冷凝为燃料。螺旋槽冷凝器的设计采用长度为3米，直径为30厘米，高度为34厘米，采用½英寸镀锌铁材料，板厚为0.0127毫米。冷却水循环过程采用螺旋铁管，进入冷凝器的蒸汽温度为180℃，冷凝器内的水温度为40℃。从1000克塑料垃圾中可以产生多达100毫升的燃料。摘要:penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui尺寸kondensor alur螺旋untuk merubah sampah plastik menjadi bahan bakar minyak, untuk mengetahui efektifitas bahan pembuatan kondensor alur螺旋。Penelitian ini dilakukan dengan tahapan:识别潜势，企鹅种群数据，识别潜势，识别潜势，识别潜势，识别潜势，识别潜势。帕达处理企鹅，danuji kelayakan alat yitu dengan memasukkan sampah plastik kedalam reaktor处理企鹅，selanjutnya dipanaskan sampai温度180℃丹达处理企鹅，upap yang diperoleh selanjutnya di kondensasi menjadi bahan bakar minyak。冉干干kondensor alur螺旋扬telah dibuat登干panjang 3米，直径30厘米，丹汀吉34厘米，孟古纳坎巴汉贝斯加尔法尼斯1 / 2英寸，丹丹加尔法尼斯板0.0127毫米，加工sirkulasi空气悬垂在孟古纳坎pipa贝斯螺旋，登干suhu upap yang masuk ke dalam kondens 180℃，空气温度40℃。达里1000克sampah plastik dapat dihasilkan sebanyak 100毫升bahan bakar minyak。
{"title":"Perancangan Spiral Kondensor untuk Pengolahan Sampah Plastik Menjadi Bahan Bakar Minyak dengan Proses Pirolisis","authors":"M. A. Batutah, Deni Arifin, Poniman Poniman, S. Solikin","doi":"10.33366/rekabuana.v6i2.2686","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33366/rekabuana.v6i2.2686","url":null,"abstract":"This study aims to determine the dimensions of the spiral groove condenser to convert plastic waste into fuel and determine the material's effectiveness for making spiral groove condensers. This research was conducted in stages: potential identification, data collection, equipment design and calculation, design validation, testing, and equipment feasibility test. In the testing and equipment feasibility test, namely by inserting plastic waste into the pyrolysis process reactor, then heated to a temperature of 180 oC and an evaporation process occurs, the vapors obtained are then condensed to be fuel. The spiral groove condenser design is made with a length of 3 m, a diameter of 30 cm, and a height of 34 cm use ½ inch galvanized iron material and a plate thickness of 0.0127 mm. The cooling water circulation process uses a spiral iron pipe, with a temperature of steam entering the condenser 180 oC and the temperature of the water in the condenser is 40 oC. From 1000 gr of plastic waste can be produced as much as 100 ml of fuel.ABSTRAKPenelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui dimensi kondensor alur spiral untuk merubah sampah plastik menjadi bahan bakar minyak, untuk mengetahui efektifitas bahan pembuatan kondensor alur spiral. Penelitian ini dilakukan dengan tahapan : identifikasi potensi, pengumpulan data, desain peralatan dan perhitungan, validasi desain, pengujian dan uji kelayakan alat. Pada proses pengujian dan uji kelayakan alat yaitu dengan memasukkan sampah plastik kedalam reaktor proses pirolisis, selanjutnya dipanaskan sampai temperatur 180 oC dan terjadi proses penguapan, uap yang yang diperoleh selanjutnya di kondensasi menjadi bahan bakar minyak. Rancangan kondensor alur spiral yang telah dibuat dengan panjang 3 m, berdiameter 30 cm dan tinggi 34 cm menggunakan bahan besi galfanis ½ inch dan tebal plat 0.0127 mm, proses sirkulasi air pendingin menggunakan pipa besi spiral, dengan suhu uap yang masuk ke dalam kondensor 180 oC dan temperatur air pada kondensor 40 oC. dari 1000 gr sampah plastik dapat dihasilkan sebanyak 100 ml bahan bakar minyak.","PeriodicalId":20973,"journal":{"name":"Reka Buana : Jurnal Ilmiah Teknik Sipil dan Teknik Kimia","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-09-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80484466","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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