This study aims to examines the dynamic effects of economic performance on credit ratings in Egypt during the period (1996-2018) consisting of quarterly observations for each variable. The study adopted the ARDL bounds testing approach to establish these relationships which showed that there exists a positive short run and long-run relationship between the credit rating, (GDP) growth domestic product and (FDI) foreign direct investment, while there are significant negative relationships in both short and long run between budget deficit, external debt, exchange rate and the credit rating. This result implies that GDP, FDI, foreign reserve and budget deficit are essential macroeconomic variables that influence the economic performance and the credit rating in Egypt.
{"title":"The Financial & Economic Impact of the Performance of Developing Countries’ Economies on Their Credit Rating {Applied study on Egypt’s credit rating during the period (1996-2018)}","authors":"Ghada Ghanem","doi":"10.25115/sae.v41i1.7825","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.25115/sae.v41i1.7825","url":null,"abstract":"This study aims to examines the dynamic effects of economic performance on credit ratings in Egypt during the period (1996-2018) consisting of quarterly observations for each variable. The study adopted the ARDL bounds testing approach to establish these relationships which showed that there exists a positive short run and long-run relationship between the credit rating, (GDP) growth domestic product and (FDI) foreign direct investment, while there are significant negative relationships in both short and long run between budget deficit, external debt, exchange rate and the credit rating. This result implies that GDP, FDI, foreign reserve and budget deficit are essential macroeconomic variables that influence the economic performance and the credit rating in Egypt.","PeriodicalId":210068,"journal":{"name":"Studies of Applied Economics","volume":"11 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"120959258","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
A. H. Mahlhal, Zainab Khalil Hashem, Rajaa Ali Abed
To prevent counterfeiting, control supply, and ensure the legitimacy of asset transfers, e-currency makes use of cryptography. The primary focus is on the profitability and volatility of Bitcoin trading. The volatility of an investment can be estimated by calculating its standard deviation in terms of logarithmic returns. The researchers in this study employed the specific test to check for data normality. The results of a plot, a statistical process control chart, and other analyses all pointed to significant fluctuations. More and more people place a premium on uncertainty. Investors are wary of Bitcoin at the moment due to its extreme price swings. This research was conducted to provide a framework for achieving optimal returns with minimal exposure to loss on the part of investors.
{"title":"Electronic Currency and Its Impact On Market Fluctuations For The Purpose Of Reducing Product Costs: Analytical Study","authors":"A. H. Mahlhal, Zainab Khalil Hashem, Rajaa Ali Abed","doi":"10.25115/sae.v41i1.7007","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.25115/sae.v41i1.7007","url":null,"abstract":"To prevent counterfeiting, control supply, and ensure the legitimacy of asset transfers, e-currency makes use of cryptography. The primary focus is on the profitability and volatility of Bitcoin trading. The volatility of an investment can be estimated by calculating its standard deviation in terms of logarithmic returns. The researchers in this study employed the specific test to check for data normality. The results of a plot, a statistical process control chart, and other analyses all pointed to significant fluctuations. More and more people place a premium on uncertainty. Investors are wary of Bitcoin at the moment due to its extreme price swings. This research was conducted to provide a framework for achieving optimal returns with minimal exposure to loss on the part of investors.","PeriodicalId":210068,"journal":{"name":"Studies of Applied Economics","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130513712","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Francisco Iván Hernández-Cuevas, Ángel Braulio García Caraveo, Rodrigo Humberto Bautista Pedraza, Gabriela Zapata Caballero, Daniel Soto Chalita
The environmental (climate change), economic (recessions), and social (increase in poverty and inequality) crises have forced the need for a change of model and the development of global strategies to counteract their negative effects and orient towards a type of economy that is low in carbon emissions, efficient in the use of resources and energy, socially inclusive, preventive in the loss of biodiversity and ecosystem services and that allows achieving sustainable development, which is how the concept of green economy arises. With a quantitative approach, using official databases and based on the Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development (2011) green growth framework, a Green Economic Growth Index for Mexico was constructed under the relativization function, which was estimated at the national, state, and geographic region levels, allowing for a deeper understanding of the green economy in the country. The results show an average national performance (0.4746), with the dimensions "Economic, demographic and social context for sustainable development," "Environmental dimension of quality of life," and "Natural asset base" having the best scores, while the dimension "Productivity of environmental resources and the economy" and "Economic opportunities and policy response" have the lowest scores. The analysis of variance results shows statistically significant differences by geographic regions, which calls for developing public, environmental, energy, and productive policies that consider the particular conditions of the country's regions.
{"title":"Measuring Green Economic Growth in Mexico: National, State, and Geographic Region Levels Proposal","authors":"Francisco Iván Hernández-Cuevas, Ángel Braulio García Caraveo, Rodrigo Humberto Bautista Pedraza, Gabriela Zapata Caballero, Daniel Soto Chalita","doi":"10.25115/sae.v41i1.8649","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.25115/sae.v41i1.8649","url":null,"abstract":"The environmental (climate change), economic (recessions), and social (increase in poverty and inequality) crises have forced the need for a change of model and the development of global strategies to counteract their negative effects and orient towards a type of economy that is low in carbon emissions, efficient in the use of resources and energy, socially inclusive, preventive in the loss of biodiversity and ecosystem services and that allows achieving sustainable development, which is how the concept of green economy arises. With a quantitative approach, using official databases and based on the Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development (2011) green growth framework, a Green Economic Growth Index for Mexico was constructed under the relativization function, which was estimated at the national, state, and geographic region levels, allowing for a deeper understanding of the green economy in the country. The results show an average national performance (0.4746), with the dimensions \"Economic, demographic and social context for sustainable development,\" \"Environmental dimension of quality of life,\" and \"Natural asset base\" having the best scores, while the dimension \"Productivity of environmental resources and the economy\" and \"Economic opportunities and policy response\" have the lowest scores. The analysis of variance results shows statistically significant differences by geographic regions, which calls for developing public, environmental, energy, and productive policies that consider the particular conditions of the country's regions.","PeriodicalId":210068,"journal":{"name":"Studies of Applied Economics","volume":"24 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122496686","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This paper examines the relationship between employee effort and earnings management. Data on working hours and discretionary cumulations of 29 non-financial companies listed in Tunisia are used. With an increased activity of employees, we find less profit management in Tunisian companies. This result evolves more critical when incomes are more predictable and persist after controlling for delayed endogeneity. However, we also find that increasing employee effort increases the likelihood of positive gains being realized for non-financial businesses. Our findings have important implications for investors and regulators looking to restrict earnings management.
{"title":"Examining the Relationship between Employee Effort and Earnings Management: Evidence from non-Financial Tunisian Companies","authors":"K. Ben-Ahmed","doi":"10.25115/sae.v41i1.7913","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.25115/sae.v41i1.7913","url":null,"abstract":"This paper examines the relationship between employee effort and earnings management. Data on working hours and discretionary cumulations of 29 non-financial companies listed in Tunisia are used. With an increased activity of employees, we find less profit management in Tunisian companies. This result evolves more critical when incomes are more predictable and persist after controlling for delayed endogeneity. However, we also find that increasing employee effort increases the likelihood of positive gains being realized for non-financial businesses. Our findings have important implications for investors and regulators looking to restrict earnings management.","PeriodicalId":210068,"journal":{"name":"Studies of Applied Economics","volume":"26 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-11-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128196652","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The significance of agricultural crops to an economy and their structural stability are shown by the production, area, and yield of agricultural output from commercial crops as well as by growth trends and structural stability. This study's objective is to evaluate the development, trend, and structural stability of commercial crop output in India before and after the implementation of the new agricultural policy from 1980 to 2000 and 2001 to 2020. To achieve the goals, secondary data will be used from the Reserve Bank of India's handbook of statistics on the Indian economy (2020–2021). Estimation methods included the least squares method, the t test, and the structural stability regression model. From 1980 to 2000, the average growth rate of commercial crops like Oilseeds, coffee, cotton, raw jute and mesta, sugarcane, tea, and tobacco were 59.1%, 66%, 159%, 21%, 4.4%, 52.2%, and 20.4 percent, respectively. The area under cultivation increased by13.4%, 69.6%, 33.3%, -17%, 31.9%, 33.3%, and -2.4 percent. In the pooled era, these commercial crops' production and area had correlation coefficients of 0.89, 0.93, -0.04, 0.02, 0.93, and 0.63, respectively. The study also shows that there is no significant difference in the variances of production and the yield of oilseeds and significant the area under cultivation. The yield and production of commercial crops are rising, while India's commercial production area and structure have altered over time. The emphasis should be on improving policy implementation and increasing yield through technological innovation, improved cultivation and area, agricultural research and development, and training in India.
{"title":"Growth Trends of Commercial Crops Production, Area, and Yield in India: An Appraisement of the Structural Stability Regression Model","authors":"Dr. Krishnan Kutty V","doi":"10.25115/sae.v41i1.8625","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.25115/sae.v41i1.8625","url":null,"abstract":"The significance of agricultural crops to an economy and their structural stability are shown by the production, area, and yield of agricultural output from commercial crops as well as by growth trends and structural stability. This study's objective is to evaluate the development, trend, and structural stability of commercial crop output in India before and after the implementation of the new agricultural policy from 1980 to 2000 and 2001 to 2020. To achieve the goals, secondary data will be used from the Reserve Bank of India's handbook of statistics on the Indian economy (2020–2021). Estimation methods included the least squares method, the t test, and the structural stability regression model. From 1980 to 2000, the average growth rate of commercial crops like Oilseeds, coffee, cotton, raw jute and mesta, sugarcane, tea, and tobacco were 59.1%, 66%, 159%, 21%, 4.4%, 52.2%, and 20.4 percent, respectively. The area under cultivation increased by13.4%, 69.6%, 33.3%, -17%, 31.9%, 33.3%, and -2.4 percent. In the pooled era, these commercial crops' production and area had correlation coefficients of 0.89, 0.93, -0.04, 0.02, 0.93, and 0.63, respectively. The study also shows that there is no significant difference in the variances of production and the yield of oilseeds and significant the area under cultivation. The yield and production of commercial crops are rising, while India's commercial production area and structure have altered over time. The emphasis should be on improving policy implementation and increasing yield through technological innovation, improved cultivation and area, agricultural research and development, and training in India.","PeriodicalId":210068,"journal":{"name":"Studies of Applied Economics","volume":"145 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-11-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133052430","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The realistic problem of the continuous downturn of Chinese residents' consumption has a long history. The tsunami like covid-19 has further worsened the consumption situation of the Chinese people. Using the questions and contents of the "Japan Household Panel Survey" (JHPS) questionnaire of Keio University, and taking the employment rate of other married women with the same income level in the same community as a tool variable, this paper empirically examines the impact of urban married women's employment on household consumption. The results show that the employment of married women in cities and towns significantly increases household consumption; Through the verification of the mechanism, it is found that the increase of total household income and the increase of marginal propensity to consume are important mechanisms for married women to obtain employment to promote urban household consumption, in which the increase of income plays a greater role in the improvement of low-income household consumption, and the increase of marginal propensity to consume plays a greater role in the improvement of high-income household consumption; The employment of married women has a positive impact on all kinds of household consumption, but it plays a greater role in promoting developmental consumption.
{"title":"An Analysis of the Impact of Urban Married Women's Employment on Household Consumption","authors":"Jiude Lyu, Wei Ni Soh, Saira Kharuddin","doi":"10.25115/sae.v41i1.8606","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.25115/sae.v41i1.8606","url":null,"abstract":"The realistic problem of the continuous downturn of Chinese residents' consumption has a long history. The tsunami like covid-19 has further worsened the consumption situation of the Chinese people. Using the questions and contents of the \"Japan Household Panel Survey\" (JHPS) questionnaire of Keio University, and taking the employment rate of other married women with the same income level in the same community as a tool variable, this paper empirically examines the impact of urban married women's employment on household consumption. The results show that the employment of married women in cities and towns significantly increases household consumption; Through the verification of the mechanism, it is found that the increase of total household income and the increase of marginal propensity to consume are important mechanisms for married women to obtain employment to promote urban household consumption, in which the increase of income plays a greater role in the improvement of low-income household consumption, and the increase of marginal propensity to consume plays a greater role in the improvement of high-income household consumption; The employment of married women has a positive impact on all kinds of household consumption, but it plays a greater role in promoting developmental consumption.","PeriodicalId":210068,"journal":{"name":"Studies of Applied Economics","volume":"21 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-11-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126224627","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Transportation has demonstrated its hegemonic position in the aftermath of the pandemic. In fact, despite the paralysis of many industries, transportation has continued its activity, demonstrating its value and resilience. As a result, it is one of the sectors with the more significant presence in global economies. Therefore, this research analyzes the thematic evolution of the relationship between transportation and the economy through scientific mapping and performance analysis. For this purpose, a study was carried out with all articles published on the Web of Science from 1900 to June 2022. The concurrence of authors, journals, research centers, keywords, documents, countries, and h-index was analyzed. SciMat and VOSviewer were used for insertion, de-duplication, normalization, categorization, analysis, interpretation, and graphical representation.The results have shown that, during periods of crisis such as the last pandemic, scientific production increases and the number of topics also doubles. However, sustainability, environment, and impact studies are the driving themes, so future lines of research may focus on different aspects or delve into relationships that do not only measure the economic and environmental impact of a transport infrastructure.
{"title":"Transportation and Economy: Two key sectors linked for more than 120 years","authors":"Lidia Caballero-Galeote, Josefa García-Mestanza","doi":"10.25115/sae.v41i1.8534","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.25115/sae.v41i1.8534","url":null,"abstract":"Transportation has demonstrated its hegemonic position in the aftermath of the pandemic. In fact, despite the paralysis of many industries, transportation has continued its activity, demonstrating its value and resilience. As a result, it is one of the sectors with the more significant presence in global economies. Therefore, this research analyzes the thematic evolution of the relationship between transportation and the economy through scientific mapping and performance analysis. For this purpose, a study was carried out with all articles published on the Web of Science from 1900 to June 2022. The concurrence of authors, journals, research centers, keywords, documents, countries, and h-index was analyzed. SciMat and VOSviewer were used for insertion, de-duplication, normalization, categorization, analysis, interpretation, and graphical representation.The results have shown that, during periods of crisis such as the last pandemic, scientific production increases and the number of topics also doubles. However, sustainability, environment, and impact studies are the driving themes, so future lines of research may focus on different aspects or delve into relationships that do not only measure the economic and environmental impact of a transport infrastructure.","PeriodicalId":210068,"journal":{"name":"Studies of Applied Economics","volume":"8 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-11-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127720993","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
N. Bhutto, B. Chang, Sultan Adeel, Allah Dino Seelro, M. Qureshi
The present study is an attempt to provide new evidence on the long-run effects of global warming (via greenhouse gas emissions (GHG), carbon dioxide (CO2), methane (CH4), and nitrous oxide (N2O), economic development (GDP growth rate), and forest area on the life expectancy by undertaking the annual time-series data of Pakistan during 1990 – 2016. The study employs the augmented Dickey-Fuller (ADF) test, Johansen co-integration, and Generalized Linear Model (GLM) to estimate the long-run effects, whereas, for robustness, this study employed the Least Squares Method (LSM) and Robust Least Squares Method (ROBUSTLS). In addition to this, the study undertakes the Granger causality test to predict the causality among the study variables. The outcomes of the GLM estimations provide the negative association of the total greenhouse gas emissions, carbon dioxide emissions, and forest area, and positive association of methane and nitrous oxide emissions with life expectancy. Further, Granger causality results provide the presence of bidirectional causality between carbon dioxide emissions and life expectancy and a unidirectional causality running from life expectancy to greenhouse gas emissions, methane emissions, and GDP. Based on the findings, the authors suggest controlling greenhouse gas emissions, including methane and nitrous oxide emissions, and focusing on the health sector to improve the life expectancy in Pakistan.
{"title":"Global Warming, Economic Development and their Impact on the Life Expectancy: An Empirical Evidence from Pakistan","authors":"N. Bhutto, B. Chang, Sultan Adeel, Allah Dino Seelro, M. Qureshi","doi":"10.25115/sae.v41i1.7875","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.25115/sae.v41i1.7875","url":null,"abstract":"The present study is an attempt to provide new evidence on the long-run effects of global warming (via greenhouse gas emissions (GHG), carbon dioxide (CO2), methane (CH4), and nitrous oxide (N2O), economic development (GDP growth rate), and forest area on the life expectancy by undertaking the annual time-series data of Pakistan during 1990 – 2016. The study employs the augmented Dickey-Fuller (ADF) test, Johansen co-integration, and Generalized Linear Model (GLM) to estimate the long-run effects, whereas, for robustness, this study employed the Least Squares Method (LSM) and Robust Least Squares Method (ROBUSTLS). In addition to this, the study undertakes the Granger causality test to predict the causality among the study variables. The outcomes of the GLM estimations provide the negative association of the total greenhouse gas emissions, carbon dioxide emissions, and forest area, and positive association of methane and nitrous oxide emissions with life expectancy. Further, Granger causality results provide the presence of bidirectional causality between carbon dioxide emissions and life expectancy and a unidirectional causality running from life expectancy to greenhouse gas emissions, methane emissions, and GDP. Based on the findings, the authors suggest controlling greenhouse gas emissions, including methane and nitrous oxide emissions, and focusing on the health sector to improve the life expectancy in Pakistan.","PeriodicalId":210068,"journal":{"name":"Studies of Applied Economics","volume":"30 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-11-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115287221","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Purpose The present study aims to compare social media marketing with traditional marketing concerning its role in Hotel Branding and Hotel Revenue. Design/Methodology/Approach A quantitative approach has been adopted for this research, wherein the data has been collected through a questionnaire from 470 respondents comprising General Managers, Marketing Managers & Departmental Heads of 77-star hotels (5*Deluxe, 5*, 4* & 3*) in Delhi/NCR. Findings The findings highlight the prominence of social media marketing and discover that social media marketing has benefitted the hotel industry in increasing brand awareness and generating revenue as compared to the traditional marketing methods. It also discovers that social media marketing is the future of the hotel industry. Practical Implications This study will help the hotel managers in the application of various Social media marketing practices for the overall profitability of the business. Originality/Value Arguably this is one of a kind study, as there has been no such research done specifically aiming at the perception of Hotel Managers of star hotels of the Indian market. The findings will help the hotel industry enrich its digital presence by suggesting the benefits of social media marketing as compared to traditional marketing in creating & enhancing brand awareness and generating more revenue. Limitations The present study is just confined to hotels in Delhi/NCR and hence carried on a limited population. A more detailed study with a larger sample size, with a large range of variables and/or in any other region of the country, may also be carried out to effectively represent the intrinsic research. Keywords: Hotel; Social Media; Traditional Media; Social Media Marketing; Traditional Marketing
{"title":"A Comparative Study of Social Media Marketing and Traditional Marketing in Indian Hotel Industry","authors":"Dolly Dhamija, B. Kaur","doi":"10.25115/eea.v40i3.6205","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.25115/eea.v40i3.6205","url":null,"abstract":"Purpose\u0000The present study aims to compare social media marketing with traditional marketing concerning its role in Hotel Branding and Hotel Revenue.\u0000Design/Methodology/Approach\u0000A quantitative approach has been adopted for this research, wherein the data has been collected through a questionnaire from 470 respondents comprising General Managers, Marketing Managers & Departmental Heads of 77-star hotels (5*Deluxe, 5*, 4* & 3*) in Delhi/NCR.\u0000Findings\u0000The findings highlight the prominence of social media marketing and discover that social media marketing has benefitted the hotel industry in increasing brand awareness and generating revenue as compared to the traditional marketing methods. It also discovers that social media marketing is the future of the hotel industry.\u0000Practical Implications\u0000This study will help the hotel managers in the application of various Social media marketing practices for the overall profitability of the business.\u0000Originality/Value\u0000Arguably this is one of a kind study, as there has been no such research done specifically aiming at the perception of Hotel Managers of star hotels of the Indian market. The findings will help the hotel industry enrich its digital presence by suggesting the benefits of social media marketing as compared to traditional marketing in creating & enhancing brand awareness and generating more revenue.\u0000 \u0000Limitations\u0000The present study is just confined to hotels in Delhi/NCR and hence carried on a limited population. A more detailed study with a larger sample size, with a large range of variables and/or in any other region of the country, may also be carried out to effectively represent the intrinsic research.\u0000Keywords: Hotel; Social Media; Traditional Media; Social Media Marketing; Traditional Marketing","PeriodicalId":210068,"journal":{"name":"Studies of Applied Economics","volume":"50 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-09-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129198946","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This paper aims to study the development of inflation in the Algerian economy through monetary policy in addressing this phenomenon, and the data includes annual data covering the period from 1970 to 2019., based on macroeconomic variables which expose the relationship between the inflation and monetary policy instruments , the econometric study based on structural break cointegration , using a structural break tests such as Zivot and Andrews(1992) and Gregory-Hansen(1996) to estimate this relationship we used the cointegration methods “ FMOLS, DOLS, CCR” these estimation methods had allowed us to note that the treatment of inflation in Algeria is not based not only on monetary tools
{"title":"The monetary policy instruments and inflation, analysis with a structural break: an application to Algeria","authors":"Mustapha Djaballah","doi":"10.25115/eea.v40i3.6931","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.25115/eea.v40i3.6931","url":null,"abstract":"This paper aims to study the development of inflation in the Algerian economy through monetary policy in addressing this phenomenon, and the data includes annual data covering the period from 1970 to 2019., based on macroeconomic variables which expose the relationship between the inflation and monetary policy instruments , the econometric study based on structural break cointegration , using a structural break tests such as Zivot and Andrews(1992) and Gregory-Hansen(1996) to estimate this relationship we used the cointegration methods “ FMOLS, DOLS, CCR” these estimation methods had allowed us to note that the treatment of inflation in Algeria is not based not only on monetary tools","PeriodicalId":210068,"journal":{"name":"Studies of Applied Economics","volume":"121 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-09-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133951990","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
京公网安备 11010802042870号
京ICP备2023020795号-1
扫码关注我们
求助内容：
应助结果提醒方式：