Radiation Measurements最新文献

{"title":"Monte Carlo calculation of LiF:Mg,Cu,P thermoluminescent dosimeter correction factors for 18F, 131I and 90Y submersion dosimetry","authors":"Ahad Ollah Ezzati ,&nbsp;Farzane Mohajeri ,&nbsp;Matthew Studenski","doi":"10.1016/j.radmeas.2024.107331","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.radmeas.2024.107331","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Accurate measurement of absorbed dose from beta-emitting therapeutic radionuclides is important to ensure safe and effective delivery to patients. Thermoluminescent dosimeters (TLDs) are a commercially available option to measure dose, but several confounding factors complicate this process. To preserve their integrity during the measurement, it is necessary to enclose TLDs in a waterproof envelope, which unavoidably attenuates the beta particles. Additionally, the exclusion of radioactivity in the volume occupied by the TLD, the finite volume effect, further complicates the measurement. The purpose of this study is to calculate the correction factors to convert the TLD measured dose to the absorbed dose in water, D_w, for three common radionuclides and the LiF:Mg,Cu,P TLD (Thermo Fisher Scientific™, Waltham, MA). Correction factors were calculated for four different size LiF:Mg,Cu,P TLD dosimeters inside a PMMA cylindrical phantom with ⁹⁰YCl₃, C₆H₁₁¹⁸FO₅, and Na¹³¹I aqueous solutions. Specific correction factors are required to account for finite volume, energy, and geometry for each LiF:Mg,Cu,P TLD size, radionuclide, and phantom geometry combination. Additionally, for the PMMA phantom, specific material correction factors are also required to account for the additional materials inside the phantom. The absorbed dose calculations performed with LiF:Mg,Cu,P TLDs showed good agreement with Monte Carlo simulations. Overall, these findings contribute to improving the accuracy of absorbed dose measurements from beta-emitting radionuclides in liquid solutions using TLDs.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":21055,"journal":{"name":"Radiation Measurements","volume":"180 ","pages":"Article 107331"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2024-11-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142658306","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Monte Carlo dosimetry for a EURADOS WG 10 and RENEB field test of retrospective dosimetry techniques in realistic exposure scenarios","authors":"Hyoungtaek Kim ,&nbsp;Min Chae Kim ,&nbsp;Olivier Van Hoey ,&nbsp;Jonathan Simon Eakins ,&nbsp;Hyungjoon Yu ,&nbsp;Hanjin Lee ,&nbsp;Michael Discher ,&nbsp;Jungil Lee ,&nbsp;Lovisa Waldner ,&nbsp;Clemens Woda ,&nbsp;Francois Trompier ,&nbsp;Céline Bassinet ,&nbsp;Sergey Sholom ,&nbsp;S.W.S. McKeever ,&nbsp;Elizabeth A. Ainsbury","doi":"10.1016/j.radmeas.2024.107329","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.radmeas.2024.107329","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Computational dosimetry using Monte Carlo radiation transport simulations was applied for the 2019 European Radiation Dosimetry Group (EURADOS) and Running the European Network of Biological and retrospective Physical dosimetry (RENEB) field test, an exercise of retrospective dosimetry techniques for a realistic small-scale radiological accident. The simulations were performed at four institutes, using different codes and computerized anthropomorphic phantoms. Four exposure scenarios using Ir-192 were modeled: relatively homogeneous in a predominantly AP direction, heterogeneous in a predominantly anterior-posterior (AP) and left-lateral (LLAT) direction, and partially shielded. The items for dosimetry, such as mobile phones, blood tubes, and surface dosimeters, were designed and located based on the experimental pictures. Absorbed doses of dosimeters, such as thermoluminescence dosimeter (TLD), optically stimulated luminescence dosimeters (OSLD), radio-photoluminescence dosimeters (RPLD), and display glasses, inside and outside the phantoms were calculated and compared to the measured doses. In addition, photon energy spectra were calculated at different locations to correct the energy responses of the materials. The simulation results from the four institutes showed agreement with each other, showing an average relative difference of less than 14%. The Pearson's R-values for the linear fitting of the measured and calculated data ranged from 0.95965 to 0.68714, depending on the exposure scenario and institutes. Finally, the accuracy and limitations of the calculation techniques for the given exposure structures are discussed.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":21055,"journal":{"name":"Radiation Measurements","volume":"180 ","pages":"Article 107329"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2024-11-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142700909","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Characteristics of neutron fields around biological shielding of research nuclear reactors in Russia","authors":"M.D. Pyshkina,&nbsp;A.V. Vasilyev,&nbsp;E.I. Nazarov,&nbsp;A.A. Ekidin","doi":"10.1016/j.radmeas.2024.107325","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.radmeas.2024.107325","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The paper presents the results of a study of the neutron field characteristics surrounding biological shielding of Russian research nuclear reactors to establish their expected behavior and enhance personnel neutron monitoring. The study covered five nuclear research reactors: IVV-2M, IRT-T, IRT-MEPhI, RBT-6, and SM-3. All reactors are pool-typed; some (RBT-6 and SM-3) have pressurized water, while others (IVV-2M, IRT-T, and IRT-MEPhI) have water under normal pressure. The neutron fields analyzed are located at the tank cover of reactors, in front of the reactor core covered with biological shielding, and in front of the horizontal experimental channel. The spectrum average neutron energy ranges from 0.01 MeV (RBT-6) to 1.0 MeV (SM-3). The fluence-to-ambient dose conversion coefficient varies from 15 pSv <span><math><mrow><mo>∙</mo></mrow></math></span> cm² (RBT-6) to 260 pSv <span><math><mrow><mo>∙</mo></mrow></math></span> cm² (SM-3). The spectra at the other measurement points exhibit the energy distribution characteristics of the neutron radiation flux density behind the biological shielding.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":21055,"journal":{"name":"Radiation Measurements","volume":"180 ","pages":"Article 107325"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2024-11-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142700907","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Dosimetry for FLASH and other non-standard radiotherapy sources","authors":"Duncan J. Butler ,&nbsp;Micah Barnes ,&nbsp;Malcolm R. McEwen ,&nbsp;Michael L.F. Lerch ,&nbsp;Suzie L. Sheehy ,&nbsp;Yaw-Ren E. Tan ,&nbsp;Ivan M. Williams ,&nbsp;Jacinta S.L. Yap","doi":"10.1016/j.radmeas.2024.107330","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.radmeas.2024.107330","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>We review current dosimetry practices for non-standard radiotherapy sources. We classify radiotherapy sources as established, variations of established, or novel. Our review concentrates on novel sources including ultra-high dose-rate (FLASH) sources and some that have yet to be used for clinical radiotherapy. Factors which differentiate non-standard sources include dose-rate, temporal pulse structure, spatial fractionation, focussing, the presence of magnetic fields, and energy range. For the most part we exclude techniques which use materials inside the tumor to modify the dose. Dosimetry techniques include ionization chambers, film, alanine, calorimetry, and solid-state detectors. We review dosimetry only, neglecting other issues such as beam monitoring, patient delivery systems and treatment planning.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":21055,"journal":{"name":"Radiation Measurements","volume":"180 ","pages":"Article 107330"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2024-11-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142700871","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Thermal stability of the bleachable and unbleachable components of the ESR signals in sedimentary quartz","authors":"Naoya Obata ,&nbsp;Shin Toyoda","doi":"10.1016/j.radmeas.2024.107327","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.radmeas.2024.107327","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The thermal stability of the bleachable and unbleachable components of the electron spin resonance signals in quartz grains from modern fluvial sediments were investigated. It was found that the unbleachable Al center is thermally more stable than the bleachable component, hence the unbleachable component can be extracted by heating. Protocols for equivalent dose evaluation with preheating are proposed, in which the procedure of bleaching is replaced by “partial annealing” (heating at 280 °C for 15 min) for the Al center and by “annealing” (heating at 400 °C for 1 h) for the Ti-Li and Ti-H centers. The dose recovery test confirmed that the proposed protocol works practically, and that the regenerative protocol is better than the additive dose protocol in the aspect of the statistical errors. Appropriate partial annealing conditions to extract the unbleachable Al centers may need to be investigated for each sample.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":21055,"journal":{"name":"Radiation Measurements","volume":"180 ","pages":"Article 107327"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2024-11-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142700867","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Deep learning-based alpha particles spectroscopy with solid-state nuclear track detector CR-39","authors":"G. Amit ,&nbsp;N. Guy-Ron ,&nbsp;O. Even-Chen ,&nbsp;N.M. Yitzhak ,&nbsp;N. Nissim ,&nbsp;R. Alimi","doi":"10.1016/j.radmeas.2024.107326","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.radmeas.2024.107326","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>A novel approach for alpha particles energy spectroscopy utilizing a sophisticated deep learning machine learning algorithm is introduced. The approach we employ classifies the alpha particles trajectories on a CR-39 detector into six discrete energy levels: 0.5 MeV, 1.5 MeV, 2.5 MeV, 3.5 MeV, 4.5 MeV, and 5.4 MeV. Some 57 different CR-39 detectors were exposed to alpha particles of the stated energy levels using a²⁴¹Am source. The dosimeters were then subjected to etching and imaging utilizing a Landauer Neutrak© system. A self-developed computer vision method was used to separate the energy-tagged alpha tracks from the CR-39 images. These tracks images were then inputted into an artificial neural network (ANN) algorithm for training. After completing the training, a test dataset was run to assess the algorithm's performance. An average accuracy rate exceeding 98% was attained across the six energy levels.</div><div>This algorithm has the potential to enhance the precision of alpha particle dosimetry. Furthermore, once generalized to a continuous energy spectrum, as well as for other <em>types</em> of particles such as protons, this algorithm is anticipated to prove highly beneficial for analyzing the outcomes of various laser-driven high-energy particle experiments in general, and specifically for fusion experiments.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":21055,"journal":{"name":"Radiation Measurements","volume":"179 ","pages":"Article 107326"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2024-11-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142655669","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Development of a compact active neutron monitor to measure the H∗(10): Design, simulation and validation","authors":"Lokendra Singh ,&nbsp;P.Y. Bansode ,&nbsp;Sabyasachi Paul ,&nbsp;S.S. Ghodke ,&nbsp;S.P. Borkar ,&nbsp;S. Anand","doi":"10.1016/j.radmeas.2024.107328","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.radmeas.2024.107328","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The rapid advancement of radiation technology underscores the need for effective radiation protection and monitoring. Neutron dose equivalent (NDE) meters play a crucial role in measuring the ambient dose equivalent, <em>H</em>∗(10), in neutron radiation environments. However, traditional NDE meters, while effective, tend to be bulky and less suitable for use in anisotropic neutron fields and confined spaces. This study presents the development of a compact, portable NDE meter designed to overcome these challenges. The device, featuring a cylindrical design with a diameter of 14.8 cm, a length of 30.5 cm, and weighing under 4 kg, is optimized for ease of use in constrained spaces. It incorporates a BF₃ thermal neutron detector encased within a high-density polyethylene moderation assembly, calibrated to replicate ICRP-74 dose conversion coefficients. The design was optimized using Monte Carlo simulations using FLUKA, emphasizing neutron response uniformity and effective moderation. Experimental validation in standard neutron reference fields confirmed the accuracy of the simulated performance, with dose rate estimates deviating by less than 8% from reference values. The NDE meter's response was consistent with that of commercially available devices, showing relative energy response variations of less than 20% for both ²⁴¹Am-Be and ²⁵²Cf sources. It demonstrated reliable energy response up to 5 MeV and consistent angular response (up to ∼ <span><math><mrow><mrow><mn>60</mn><mo>°</mo></mrow></mrow></math></span>), highlighting its potential for practical radiation protection applications in diverse and constrained environments.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":21055,"journal":{"name":"Radiation Measurements","volume":"179 ","pages":"Article 107328"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2024-11-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142655674","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Accumulation of oxygen interstitial-vacancy pairs under irradiation of corundum single crystals with energetic xenon ions","authors":"Guldar Baubekova ,&nbsp;Ruslan Assylbayev ,&nbsp;Eduard Feldbach ,&nbsp;Aleksei Krasnikov ,&nbsp;Irina Kudryavtseva ,&nbsp;Alise Podelinska ,&nbsp;Viktor Seeman ,&nbsp;Evgeni Shablonin ,&nbsp;Evgeni Vasil'chenko ,&nbsp;Aleksandr Lushchik","doi":"10.1016/j.radmeas.2024.107324","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.radmeas.2024.107324","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Single crystals of α-Al₂O₃ with broad sides oriented perpendicular to the <em>c</em> crystal axis have been irradiated by 231-MeV xenon ions with fluence varying from 5 × 10¹¹ to 10¹⁴ ions/cm². The spectra of radiation-induced optical absorption (absorption of a pristine crystal is subtracted) have been decomposed into Gaussians serving as a measure of oxygen-related Frenkel defects (interstitial-vacancy pairs). The concentration of all structural defects considered – vacancy-type <em>F</em> and <em>F</em>⁺ centers as well as oxygen interstitials – continuously increases with ion fluence. Therefore, radiation-induced origin of elementary absorption bands at 5.6 and 6.6 eV tentatively ascribed earlier to charged and neutral oxygen interstitials has been proved for the first time. The concentrations of charged interstitials (in the form of superoxide ions) have been directly determined by the EPR method. The evolution of cathodoluminescence bands typical of self-trapped excitons (VUV band at 7.6 eV) and <em>F</em>-type defects (bands peaked around 3.0 and 3.8 eV) with the rise of Xe-ion-irradiation fluence has been measured and analyzed.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":21055,"journal":{"name":"Radiation Measurements","volume":"179 ","pages":"Article 107324"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2024-10-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142553436","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Gel dosimetry: An overview of dosimetry systems and read out methods","authors":"Yves De Deene ,&nbsp;Andrew Jirasek","doi":"10.1016/j.radmeas.2024.107321","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.radmeas.2024.107321","url":null,"abstract":"&lt;div&gt;&lt;div&gt;Gel dosimetry has emerged over the past three decades in response to a growing need in high-precision radiotherapy to assess, in three dimensions, the absorbed radiation dose, as would be administered in cancer patients.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;Radiation-induced reaction mechanisms are dependent on the class of gel dosimeter, with four classes emerging as primary dosimeters for use in radiation therapy dose verification: (i) Fricke gel dosimeters contain a Fricke solution consisting of ammonium iron (II) sulfate in an acidic solution of sulfuric acid. In Fricke systems an oxidation of ferrous ions results in a change in the nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) relaxation rate, which enables reading out Fricke gel dosimeters by use of MRI. The radiation-induced oxidation in Fricke gel dosimeters can also be visualized by adding a redox indicator. (ii) Polymer gel dosimeters exploit the radiation induced polymerization reaction of vinyl monomers and are predominantly read out by quantitative MRI or X-ray CT. (iii) Radiochromic dosimeters do not demonstrate a significant radiation-induced change in NMR properties but can be scanned by use of optical scanners (optical CT). In contrast to Fricke gel dosimeters, radiochromic gel dosimeters do not rely on the oxidation of a metal ion but exhibit a color change upon radiation. (iv) Radiofluorogenic dosimeters become fluorescent when exposed to ionizing radiation and can be read out with a planar scanning light beam.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;Likewise, the imaging modality used to extract quantitative dose information depends on the class of dosimeter being used, and three primary imaging modalities have emerged in this context: quantitative MRI, x-ray CT, and optical CT imaging. The accuracy and precision of the dose information extracted from gel dosimetry systems depends on both the dosimetric properties of the gel dosimeters and the readout technique, and the optimal readout method depends on the gel dosimeter response.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;Despite remaining an active field of research and illustrations of the application of gel dosimetry for the validation of clinical dose distributions, the utilization of gel dosimetry as a routine clinical dosimeter has been rather limited. However, with the introduction of new radiotherapy techniques that focus on organ motion compensation, new fractionation schemes, and extreme dose rates, the need for 3D radiation dosimetry is apparent. Even with the need for 3D dosimetry being apparent, gel dosimetry faces continued challenges in areas regarding the extraction of reproducible, accurate, and precise dose information.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;This review paper focuses on an introduction to gel dosimeter classes; a detailed examination of the three readout techniques with emphasis on the achievable accuracy, precision, and optimization of readout parameters; an outlook on future applications in emerging new radiotherapy techniques. We note that the introduction of theragnostic hybrid MRI-Linacs that combine an MR","PeriodicalId":21055,"journal":{"name":"Radiation Measurements","volume":"179 ","pages":"Article 107321"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2024-10-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142587421","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Evaluation of a portable OSL/IRSL reader for radiation dose assessment of NaCl pellets – In situ individualised screening during R/N emergencies","authors":"Maria Karampiperi,&nbsp;Christopher L. Rääf,&nbsp;Christian Bernhardsson","doi":"10.1016/j.radmeas.2024.107323","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.radmeas.2024.107323","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Household salt, Sodium Chloride (NaCl), has been suggested as an appropriate material for retrospective and prospective optically stimulated luminescence (OSL) radiation dosimetry. The current paper investigates the potential application of NaCl pellets during a radiological and/or nuclear emergency, together with an existing portable reader, for application as a novel tool for <em>in situ</em> screening of individual doses in exposed populations.</div><div>The evaluation of the portable reader's performance was assessed based on OSL and infra-red stimulated luminescence (IRSL) methods and the results were compared to two research readers, Risø TL/OSL (DA-20 and DA-15). For the studied absorbed dose range (0.63–487 mGy), it was found that five pellets are needed in the portable reader to achieve a similar OSL signal magnitude as using one pellet in the two research readers. The OSL results of the three readers show similar minimum detectable dose (MDD) values and similar linear trends for the obtained OSL dose response curves, within the studied dose range. The IRSL results show a lower IRSL signal for the portable reader, leading to higher MDD values compared to the stationary readers. The MDD can reach down to 2.3 and 47 μGy, respectively, for OSL and IRSL measurements of NaCl with the SUERC portable reader.</div><div>Furthermore, sensitization tests show a dose dependent increase in the OSL and IRSL signals. In addition, the possibility of reading the same pellets more than once was confirmed through an advanced protocol, which combines multiple read-outs, and a time delay test. If a combination of OSL and IRSL measurements is applied, it is important to adjust the stimulation length if the first is OSL, while in the case that the first measurement is IRSL, the OSL signal is independent of the IRSL stimulation length.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":21055,"journal":{"name":"Radiation Measurements","volume":"179 ","pages":"Article 107323"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2024-10-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142553435","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}