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New technologies for beam spectrometry, quality assurance, real-time monitoring and microdosimetry in BNCT 用于 BNCT 的束谱分析、质量保证、实时监测和微观模拟的新技术
IF 1.6 3区 物理与天体物理 Q2 NUCLEAR SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY Pub Date : 2024-09-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.radmeas.2024.107276
Hiroaki Kumada , Akihiko Masuda , Hiroki Tanaka , Masashi Takada , Naonori Hu

Boron neutron capture therapy (BNCT) is a next-generation radiotherapy that combines neutron beams with boron compounds that selectively accumulate in cancer cells. Because this therapy requires neutrons for irradiation, compact accelerator-based neutron source devices that can be installed in hospitals are being developed around the world. Clinical trials of several devices have been conducted in Japan, China, and South Korea. The most advanced device was approved by the Japanese regulatory authorities in 2020. As a result, BNCT with the device is being implemented as an insured therapy for recurrent head and neck cancer at two hospitals in Japan. Thus, the development of accelerator-based neutron generators is proceeding in the field of BNCT. However, much remains to be done to establish this therapy as a common cancer treatment and to make it available worldwide. Dosimetry methods in BNCT are one of the issues. In the treatment, the dose given to a patient by neutron irradiation has to be estimated accurately. However, it is difficult to measure neutrons accurately and in real time. Currently, the neutron dose delivered to patients during treatment is not measured. Instead, the current of the charged particles that irradiate the neutron target material is measured to indirectly evaluate the neutron fluence and dose. In addition, accurate dose estimation based on reactions with neutrons and various elements in a human body uses the Monte Carlo method, which is computationally time-consuming. To address these dosimetry issues, several neutron fluence and dose measurement methods are being developed. This review briefly describes the current dosimetry methods and then presents several methods under development that allow real-time neutron measurements applicable to BNCT.

硼中子俘获疗法(BNCT)是一种新一代放射疗法,它将中子束与可选择性积聚在癌细胞中的硼化合物结合在一起。由于这种疗法需要中子进行照射,因此世界各地都在开发可安装在医院的紧凑型加速器中子源设备。日本、中国和韩国已对几种设备进行了临床试验。最先进的设备已于 2020 年获得日本监管机构的批准。因此,在日本的两家医院,使用该设备的 BNCT 作为复发性头颈癌的保险疗法正在实施。因此,在 BNCT 领域,基于加速器的中子发生器的开发正在进行中。然而,要将这种疗法确立为一种常见的癌症治疗方法并在全球推广,还有许多工作要做。BNCT 的剂量测定方法是问题之一。在治疗过程中,必须准确估计中子辐照给病人带来的剂量。然而,准确和实时测量中子是很困难的。目前,我们无法测量患者在治疗过程中受到的中子剂量。取而代之的是测量辐照中子靶材料的带电粒子的电流,以间接评估中子通量和剂量。此外,根据中子与人体内各种元素的反应进行精确的剂量估算需要使用蒙特卡洛方法,而这种方法在计算上非常耗时。为了解决这些剂量测定问题,目前正在开发几种中子通量和剂量测量方法。本综述简要介绍了当前的剂量测定方法,然后介绍了几种正在开发的可用于 BNCT 的实时中子测量方法。
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引用次数: 0
Review on high spatial resolution dosimetry with pixelated semiconductor detectors for radiation therapy 使用像素化半导体探测器进行放射治疗的高空间分辨率剂量测定综述
IF 1.6 3区 物理与天体物理 Q2 NUCLEAR SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY Pub Date : 2024-09-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.radmeas.2024.107272
Ilia Filipev , Jason Paino , Joel Poder , Dean Cutajar , Nicholas Hardcastle , Susanna Guatelli , Marco Petasecca , Michael Lerch , Vladimir Feygelman , Tomas Kron , Anatoly Rosenfeld

Current and emerging radiation therapy treatment techniques are characterized by complex and spatially non-uniform dose distributions with steep dose gradients delivered through high-precision dose placement with small radiation fields. Such approaches necessitate advanced verification tools. For accurate dose profile representation in stereotactic radiation therapy using megavoltage X-rays, the Nyquist theorem places the minimum sampling step as 2.5 mm that determines the required spatial resolution of the detectors for dose verification. For techniques such as micro- and mini-beam radiotherapy, micron-scale sampling is required, and sub-millimeter for particle therapy. Silicon semiconductor detectors provide the possibility of producing small sensitive volumes (including in arrays) without compromising mechanical robustness or sensitivity, therefore allowing for high spatial resolution dosimetry. They exhibit many properties of an ideal detector, while the properties of silicon detectors known to negatively influence response can be compensated for and minimized. As such, this work reviews the current status of semiconductor radiation detectors providing dose sampling by diodes with submillimeter sensitive volumes and a pitch of 2.5 mm or smaller for relative dosimetry in X-ray and electron external beam radiation therapy, brachytherapy, microbeam radiation therapy, proton, and heavy ion therapy. The following types of devices are discussed in this work, including commercial systems and those under development: one-dimensional and two-dimensional pixelated arrays (monolithic and single diode based).

当前和新出现的放射治疗技术的特点是剂量分布复杂且空间不均匀,通过高精度剂量放置和小辐射场提供陡峭的剂量梯度。这种方法需要先进的验证工具。在使用兆伏特 X 射线进行立体定向放射治疗时,为了准确显示剂量曲线,奈奎斯特定理将最小采样步长定为 2.5 毫米,这决定了剂量验证所需的探测器空间分辨率。微束和迷你束放射治疗等技术需要微米级采样,粒子治疗则需要亚毫米级采样。硅半导体探测器可以在不影响机械坚固性或灵敏度的情况下,生产小体积的灵敏探测器(包括阵列探测器),从而实现高空间分辨率剂量测定。它们具有理想探测器的许多特性,而硅探测器已知会对响应产生负面影响的特性则可以得到补偿并最小化。因此,本研究回顾了半导体辐射探测器的现状,这些探测器通过具有亚毫米灵敏体积和 2.5 毫米或更小间距的二极管提供剂量采样,用于 X 射线和电子体外放射治疗、近距离放射治疗、微束放射治疗、质子和重离子治疗中的相对剂量测量。本文讨论了以下类型的设备,包括商业系统和正在开发的系统:一维和二维像素阵列(基于单片和单二极管)。
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引用次数: 0
Evaluation of fluence-to-dose response function of neutron survey meter using singular value decomposition method 利用奇异值分解法评估中子巡天测量仪的通量-剂量响应函数
IF 1.6 3区 物理与天体物理 Q2 NUCLEAR SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY Pub Date : 2024-08-30 DOI: 10.1016/j.radmeas.2024.107280
Ngoc-Thiem Le , Ngoc-Quynh Nguyen , Nguyen Ngoc Anh , Hoai-Nam Tran , Thiansin Liamsuwan , Van-Loat Bui , Tuan-Khai Nguyen , Duc-Khue Pham , Tien-Hung Dinh , Van-Chung Cao

This paper presents the evaluation of the fluence-to-ambient dose equivalent response function (referred to as F2D response function) of the Aloka TPS-451C neutron dose equivalent rate meter (hereafter referred to as a neutron meter) based on a singular value decomposition (SVD) approach. Measurements of neutron ambient dose equivalent rates, Ḣ(10), using the neutron meter were conducted in various neutron standard fields of 241Am-Be source with different neutron fluence rate spectra. A series of Ḣ(10) values and corresponding neutron fluence rate spectra were used as the input data for unfolding the F2D response function of the neutron meter. To verify the SVD-based method, the fluence response functions of a well-known Bonner sphere spectrometer system were unfolded using the SVD method, and the results were compared with those provided in the IAEA technical report No. 403. The SVD method was then applied to determine the F2D response function of the Aloka TPS-451C neutron meter with the use of the ICRP-74 F2D response function and that predicted in a previous work as initial guesses. The consistency between initial guesses and the SVD unfolded F2D response function of the Aloka TPS-451C neutron meter implies the reliability of the SVD method for determining the response functions of neutron meters.

本文介绍了基于奇异值分解(SVD)方法对 Aloka TPS-451C 中子剂量当量率测量仪(以下简称中子计)的通量-环境剂量当量响应函数(以下简称 F2D 响应函数)进行的评估。在 241Am-Be 中子源的各种中子标准场中,使用中子计测量了中子环境剂量当量率 Ḣ∗(10),这些中子标准场具有不同的中子通量率谱。一系列Ḣ∗(10) 值和相应的中子通量率谱被用作展开中子计 F2D 响应函数的输入数据。为了验证基于 SVD 的方法,使用 SVD 方法展开了著名的邦纳球谱仪系统的通量响应函数,并将结果与 IAEA 第 403 号技术报告中提供的结果进行了比较。然后,利用 SVD 方法确定了 Aloka TPS-451C 中子流量计的 F2D 响应函数,并将 ICRP-74 F2D 响应函数和以前工作中预测的函数作为初始猜测。初始猜测与 Aloka TPS-451C 中子流量计的 SVD 展开 F2D 响应函数之间的一致性意味着 SVD 方法在确定中子流量计响应函数方面的可靠性。
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引用次数: 0
Sex differences in constructing dose-response calibration curves for micronuclei using cytokinesis-blocked micronucleus assay for radiation biological dosimetry in the Iranian population 利用细胞因子阻断微核试验构建伊朗人口辐射生物剂量测定微核剂量-反应校准曲线的性别差异
IF 1.6 3区 物理与天体物理 Q2 NUCLEAR SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY Pub Date : 2024-08-30 DOI: 10.1016/j.radmeas.2024.107281
R. Fardid , N. Aghazadeh , H. Parsaei , M.A. Mosleh-Shirazi , N. Zahraie

Biological dosimetry, using chromosome damage biomarkers, can be considered as a key measure for radiation overexposure assessment. Therefore, for accurate dose estimation through biodosimetry, it's imperative for each biological dosimetry laboratory to establish its own specific dose-response calibration curve. In this research, the cytokinesis-blocked micronucleus (CBMN) assay was utilized to determine the frequencies of micronuclei (MN) per binucleated cell in human peripheral blood lymphocytes exposed to x-ray radiation using a LINAC (6 MV) at doses up to 4 Gy. The aim was to establish an in vitro dose-response calibration curve in our laboratory for the Iranian demographic by analyzing blood samples of ten participants (5 males and 5 females) through CABAS and Dose Estimate software. Our findings indicate an over-dispersion of the Poisson distribution in the pooled data across both sexes, coupled with a linear-quadratic increase in MN yield with dose which was particularly pronounced in the female group. The constructed dose-response curves for micronuclei yield are represented by equations Y= (0.0102 ± 0.0016) +(0.0296 ± 0.0054) D+(0.0232 ± 0.0017) D2 and Y= (0.0084 ± 0.0010) +(0.0212 ± 0.0034) D+(0.0160 ± 0.0011) D2 for the female groups, respectively. The alpha and beta coefficients, derived from the Dose Estimate software for each male and female group, were closely comparable with those obtained from the CABAS program and previous studies. The analysis of statistical parameters such as the Weighted Chi Squared (χ2) and p-value suggests that using distinct curves for each sex, rather than a unified biodosimetry formula for pooled data, ensures more accurate radiation dose estimates. Consequently, the findings of this study provide us with the assurance to utilize the derived calibration curve of MN for upcoming biological dosimetry needs in Iran. However, to enhance the reliability of results, it's essential to use biodosimetry with diverse assays and consider all clinical and physical parameters, given the limitations of cytogenetic assays.

利用染色体损伤生物标志物进行生物剂量测定,可被视为评估辐射过量的关键措施。因此,要通过生物剂量测定法准确估算剂量,每个生物剂量测定实验室都必须建立自己特定的剂量-反应校准曲线。在这项研究中,我们利用细胞因子阻断微核(CBMN)测定法来确定在使用 LINAC(6 MV)、剂量高达 4 Gy 的 X 射线辐射下,人体外周血淋巴细胞中每个双核细胞的微核(MN)频率。目的是通过 CABAS 和剂量估算软件分析 10 名参与者(5 男 5 女)的血液样本,在我们的实验室建立伊朗人口的体外剂量-反应校准曲线。我们的研究结果表明,在汇总数据中,两性的泊松分布过度分散,同时 MN 产量随剂量呈线性-二次方增长,这在女性组中尤为明显。构建的微核产量剂量-反应曲线分别为:雌性组 Y= (0.0102 ± 0.0016) +(0.0296 ± 0.0054) D+(0.0232 ± 0.0017) D2,雌性组 Y= (0.0084 ± 0.0010) +(0.0212 ± 0.0034) D+(0.0160 ± 0.0011) D2。从剂量估算软件中得出的男女各组的α系数和β系数与 CABAS 程序和以往研究中得出的系数非常接近。对加权奇平方(χ2)和 p 值等统计参数的分析表明,对每种性别使用不同的曲线,而不是对集合数据使用统一的生物剂量学公式,可确保更准确地估算辐射剂量。因此,本研究的结果为我们提供了保证,使我们可以利用得出的 MN 校准曲线来满足伊朗未来的生物剂量测定需求。不过,考虑到细胞遗传学检测的局限性,为了提高结果的可靠性,必须使用生物剂量学的各种检测方法,并考虑所有临床和物理参数。
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引用次数: 0
Development and validation of a comprehensive S-value database for small animal internal dosimetry in nuclear medicine using the DM_Bra mouse phantom 利用 DM_Bra 小鼠模型开发和验证核医学小动物体内剂量测定综合 S 值数据库
IF 1.6 3区 物理与天体物理 Q2 NUCLEAR SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY Pub Date : 2024-08-28 DOI: 10.1016/j.radmeas.2024.107277
Khaoula Laazouzi , Nícollas Gonçalves Cavedini , Omaima Essaad Belhaj , Maryam Hadouachi , Hamid Boukhal , El mahjoub Chakir , Cristina Maria Moriguchi Jeckel , Ana Maria Marques da Silva , Maikol Salas-Ramirez

Animal models are essential in the development of new radiopharmaceuticals in nuclear medicine, particularly for accurate dose calculation in small animal internal dosimetry. This study presents a comprehensive dataset of S-values for eleven commonly used radionuclides, calculated using the DM_Bra mouse phantom with the GATE Monte Carlo simulation code. To validate our approach, we first compared S-values obtained from the DM_Bra phantom with published values derived from the Digimouse phantom using a Tc-99 m source. The differences between the two phantoms range from 0.68% to 12.45% for self-irradiation and from 0.15% to 4.19% for cross-irradiation when the source is the stomach. These results demonstrate good agreement with reference data, supporting the reliability of our dataset. We then expanded our analysis by generating S-values for additional radionuclides, reflecting their usage in both diagnostic and therapeutic applications. Furthermore, to assess the impact of varying mouse geometries on S-values, the DM_Bra phantom (26.9 g) was rescaled to represent two other mouse sizes (19.6 g and 35.9 g). The statistical uncertainty associated with all these S-values remains below 2%. This study offers a valuable resource for internal dosimetry in mice, providing detailed S-values for a wide range of radionuclides and organ geometries, which can be used in small animal PET and SPECT studies.

动物模型对核医学新放射性药物的开发至关重要,特别是对小动物体内剂量测定的精确剂量计算。本研究介绍了利用 DM_Bra 小鼠模型和 GATE 蒙特卡罗模拟代码计算出的 11 种常用放射性核素的 S 值的综合数据集。为了验证我们的方法,我们首先将从 DM_Bra 体模中获得的 S 值与从 Digimouse 体模中使用 Tc-99 m 源获得的已公布值进行了比较。当放射源为胃时,两个模型之间的自辐射差异从 0.68% 到 12.45%,交叉辐射差异从 0.15% 到 4.19%。这些结果与参考数据非常吻合,证明了我们数据集的可靠性。随后,我们通过生成更多放射性核素的 S 值扩大了分析范围,以反映它们在诊断和治疗中的应用。此外,为了评估不同小鼠几何尺寸对 S 值的影响,我们对 DM_Bra 模体(26.9 克)进行了调整,以代表另外两种尺寸的小鼠(19.6 克和 35.9 克)。与所有这些 S 值相关的统计不确定性仍然低于 2%。这项研究为小鼠体内剂量测定提供了宝贵的资源,为多种放射性核素和器官几何形状提供了详细的 S 值,可用于小动物 PET 和 SPECT 研究。
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引用次数: 0
Comparative analysis of predose effects on TL and OSL signals in BeO dosimeters 剂量前对 BeO 辐射计中 TL 和 OSL 信号影响的比较分析
IF 1.6 3区 物理与天体物理 Q2 NUCLEAR SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY Pub Date : 2024-08-27 DOI: 10.1016/j.radmeas.2024.107279
Engin Aşlar

This study investigates in detail the effects of predose on TL and OSL signals for BeO dosimeters. The TL and OSL signals were deconvoluted to each peak and component. As a result of deconvolution, the variations in the kinetic parameters (E, Tmax, b) for the TL signals and the lifetime values of the OSL signals were investigated. In addition, sensitivity changes according to predose were monitored for each peak and component. Finally, dose response curves were studied using the dose linearity index (f(D)) for each peak and component. Accordingly, the peak structures and kinetic parameters did not change according to the predose for the TL signal, whereas variations in the lifetime values for the OSL signal were observed, especially at the initial dose values (0.1 and 0.2 Gy). There was no change in sensitivity according to the predose for the total area condition although each peak and component exhibited independent behavior. Therefore, TL and OSL signals should be evaluated based on the total area in predose applications. The TL and OSL dose response curves exhibited different behaviors according to predose. TL dose response curves were not affected by the predose except for 1000 Gy, while the OSL dose response curves were affected by the predose considering the total area condition. The possible reason for the differences between the TL and OSL dose response curves is the significant transfer effect in the OSL signal at low doses, which results in greater changes at low doses compared to the TL signal. Also, thermal quenching effects may have resulted in lower intensity in the case of the TL signal. In future studies, preheating tests and thermal quenching corrections on TL peaks at high predoses may increase our understanding of deep trap interactions in BeO dosimeters.

本研究详细调查了剂量前对 BeO 剂量计的 TL 和 OSL 信号的影响。对 TL 和 OSL 信号的每个峰值和分量进行了解卷积。通过解卷积,研究了 TL 信号的动力学参数(E、Tmax、b)和 OSL 信号的寿命值的变化。此外,还监测了每个峰值和成分的敏感度随剂量前的变化。最后,使用剂量线性指数(f(D))研究了每个峰值和组分的剂量反应曲线。结果表明,TL 信号的峰值结构和动力学参数并没有随剂量的变化而变化,而 OSL 信号的寿命值却出现了变化,尤其是在初始剂量值(0.1 和 0.2 Gy)时。虽然每个峰值和分量都表现出独立的行为,但总面积条件下的灵敏度并没有随着预剂量的变化而变化。因此,在剂量前应用中,应根据总面积来评估 TL 和 OSL 信号。TL 和 OSL 剂量响应曲线随剂量前的不同而表现出不同的行为。除 1000 Gy 外,TL 剂量响应曲线不受预剂量的影响,而 OSL 剂量响应曲线则受到预剂量(考虑总面积条件)的影响。TL 和 OSL 剂量响应曲线之间存在差异的可能原因是,低剂量时 OSL 信号具有显著的传递效应,这导致低剂量时的变化比 TL 信号更大。此外,热淬火效应也可能导致 TL 信号强度降低。在今后的研究中,对高预测剂量下的 TL 峰进行预热测试和热淬火修正,可能会加深我们对 BeO 剂量计中深陷阱相互作用的理解。
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引用次数: 0
The method of Pb-212 measurements in air with the application of the LSC technique 应用 LSC 技术测量空气中 Pb-212 的方法
IF 1.6 3区 物理与天体物理 Q2 NUCLEAR SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY Pub Date : 2024-08-26 DOI: 10.1016/j.radmeas.2024.107278
A. Grygier, S. Chałupnik

This paper describes a method enabling the measurement of the potential alpha energy concentration (PAEC) of thoron decay products based on the determined concentration of lead 212Pb (T1/2 = 10.64 h) in the air [Lever et al., 2003]. A liquid scintillation spectrometer was used to determine the concentration of the 212Pb isotope, and the sample was taken by pumping air through a filter where thoron decay products were stored. This method can be classified as integrating because the sample takes several hours, and the measurement results in one value for the entire sampling period. Measurements were carried out in laboratory conditions, in a climatic chamber where a constant supply of thoron was maintained, and in environmental conditions, in the basement of the family house and outdoors. Sampling took from 12 to 48 h. This article presents the preliminary results of the study. The obtained results were in the range of 170–195 Bq/m3 in the case of laboratory measurements and from 0.04 to 0.79 Bq/m3 in the case of environmental measurements. Based on the obtained results, the potential alpha energy concentration (PAEC) was calculated. The application of the low-level LS spectrometer allows for the achievement of a lower limit of detection (LLD) at level 0.04–0.05 Bq/m3, while the use of the portable LS spectrometer allows for the measurement of deficient 212Pb concentrations in the range of 0.4–0.5 Bq/m3. The obtained results confirm that the method is suitable for determining the concentration of 212Pb and, consequently, assessing exposure to thoron progeny.

本文介绍了一种根据测定的空气中 212Pb 铅(T1/2 = 10.64 小时)的浓度来测量钍衰变产物的潜在α能量浓度(PAEC)的方法[Lever 等人,2003 年]。使用液体闪烁光谱仪测定 212Pb 同位素的浓度,并通过储存钍衰变产物的过滤器抽取空气样本。这种方法可以归类为积分法,因为取样需要几个小时,而测量结果是整个取样期间的一个值。测量是在实验室条件下进行的,即在一个恒温室中(该室中恒定供应钍),以及在环境条件下进行的,即在家庭住宅的地下室和室外。本文介绍了研究的初步结果。实验室测量的结果在 170-195 Bq/m3 之间,环境测量的结果在 0.04 至 0.79 Bq/m3 之间。根据获得的结果,计算出了潜在阿尔法能量浓度(PAEC)。使用低浓度 LS 光谱仪可以达到 0.04-0.05 Bq/m3 的检测下限(LLD),而使用便携式 LS 光谱仪则可以测量 0.4-0.5 Bq/m3 范围内的 212Pb 缺陷浓度。所获得的结果证实,该方法适用于确定 212Pb 的浓度,进而评估与荆棘子代的接触情况。
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引用次数: 0
Overview and current challenges at the Calibration Laboratory of the Paul Scherrer Institute 保罗-舍勒研究所校准实验室的概况和当前面临的挑战
IF 1.6 3区 物理与天体物理 Q2 NUCLEAR SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY Pub Date : 2024-08-26 DOI: 10.1016/j.radmeas.2024.107273
Malgorzata M. Kasprzak, Gernot Butterweck, Federico A. Geser, Alberto Stabilini, Malgorzata Sliz, Eduardo G. Yukihara, Sabine Mayer

The Calibration Laboratory of the Paul Scherrer Institute (PSI) is a secondary calibration laboratory accredited by the Swiss Accreditation Service (SAS) in accordance with ISO 17025. It also acts as a verification body authorized by the Swiss Federal Institute of Metrology (METAS). The Laboratory is equipped with X-ray, gamma and neutron irradiation facilities, providing characterized reference radiation fields for gamma 137Cs, 60Co, narrow spectrum X-rays from N-15 to N-300 and neutron radionuclide sources 252Cf, 252Cf (D2O-moderated) and 241Am-Be. The laboratory performs routine calibrations, organizes intercomparison measurements for individual monitoring services in Switzerland, and participates in various research projects, e.g., by performing irradiations in reference fields. For this reason, the proper characterization of reference radiation fields is of utmost importance for ensuring high quality irradiations and calibrations of personal dosemeters and radiation protection instruments. In this contribution, we provide an overview of the irradiation facilities at the Calibration Laboratory at PSI and discuss the challenges of characterizing reference radiation fields. In particular, we will discuss the factors affecting the determination of the distance between the source and irradiated dosemeters and detectors, as well as issues related to 252Cf decay and contribution of 250Cf. We will also demonstrate the use of Monte-Carlo simulations in determining the optimal position of the source and irradiation facility within the irradiation room.

保罗舍勒研究所(PSI)校准实验室是瑞士认可服务机构(SAS)根据 ISO 17025 标准认可的二级校准实验室。它还是瑞士联邦计量研究院 (METAS) 授权的验证机构。实验室配备有 X 射线、伽马射线和中子辐照设施,可提供伽马 137Cs、60Co、从 N-15 到 N-300 的窄谱 X 射线以及中子放射性核素源 252Cf、252Cf(D2O-缓和)和 241Am-Be 的特征参考辐射场。该实验室进行日常校准,为瑞士的个别监测服务组织相互比较测量,并参与各种研究项目,例如在参考场进行辐照。因此,参考辐射场的正确表征对于确保个人剂量计和辐射防护仪器的高质量辐照和校准至关重要。在本文中,我们将概述 PSI 校准实验室的辐照设施,并讨论基准辐射场特性分析所面临的挑战。特别是,我们将讨论影响确定源与辐照剂量计和探测器之间距离的因素,以及与 252Cf 衰减和 250Cf 贡献有关的问题。 我们还将演示使用蒙特卡洛模拟来确定辐照室内源和辐照设施的最佳位置。
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引用次数: 0
Evaluation of radiation leakage in X-ray security inspection machine using a CZT spectrometer 使用 CZT 光谱仪评估 X 射线安全检查机的辐射泄漏情况
IF 1.6 3区 物理与天体物理 Q2 NUCLEAR SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY Pub Date : 2024-08-22 DOI: 10.1016/j.radmeas.2024.107274
Weifeng Zhu , jinjie Wu , Rui Zhao , Xianqiang Tang , Mengyu Li

Leakage radiation from X-ray security inspection machines is important, and measurement based on ionization chamber or scintillator detector is widely used. The leakage radiation is closely related to the size and the passing time of the luggage, the lead equivalent, the opening angle of the lead curtain, and the response time of the measuring instrument. To characterize the distribution of leakage radiation from the X-ray security inspection machine accurately, a small-volume CZT(CdZnTe) spectrometer was used to measure the energy spectra at a distance of 5 cm from the surface of the inspection machine. By designing and controlling the opening angle of the lead curtain according to the size of the luggage passing through the entrance and exit, the radiation dose was determined based on the measured energy spectra combined with the G(E)-function method. The results show that the maximum relative deviation between the air kerma rate and the ambient dose equivalent rate calculated by the G(E) function method with the standard dose rate does not exceed ±5%. The maximum relative deviation of the dose rate linear verification in the 137Cs radiation field is less than 2.5%. A calibrated CZT detector was utilized to measure the radiation leakage on the surface of the X-ray security inspection machine. It was discovered that the presence of the luggage items and the opening angle of the lead curtain will increase the leakage radiation dose on the surface of the security inspection machine system. This study provides a new approach for measuring scattered radiation of X-ray security inspection machines.

X 射线安全检查机的泄漏辐射非常重要,基于电离室或闪烁探测器的测量方法被广泛使用。泄漏辐射与行李箱的大小和通过时间、铅当量、铅帘开启角度以及测量仪器的响应时间密切相关。为了准确描述 X 射线安检机泄漏辐射的分布特征,我们使用了小体积 CZT(镉锌碲)光谱仪来测量距离安检机表面 5 厘米处的能谱。根据通过出入口的行李大小设计和控制铅帘的开启角度,根据测量到的能谱结合 G(E)函数法确定辐射剂量。结果表明,用 G(E)函数法计算的空气辐射率和环境剂量当量率与标准剂量率之间的最大相对偏差不超过 ±5%。137Cs 辐射场剂量率线性验证的最大相对偏差小于 2.5%。利用校准过的 CZT 探测器测量 X 射线安检机表面的辐射泄漏。结果发现,行李物品的存在和铅幕的开启角度都会增加安检机系统表面的泄漏辐射剂量。这项研究为测量 X 射线安检机的散射辐射提供了一种新方法。
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引用次数: 0
An efficient protocol for commissioning radiophotoluminescence dosimeters for radiotherapy dosimetry audits 用于放射治疗剂量学审计的放射性光致发光剂量计的高效调试程序
IF 1.6 3区 物理与天体物理 Q2 NUCLEAR SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY Pub Date : 2024-08-15 DOI: 10.1016/j.radmeas.2024.107268
Alexis Dimitriadis, Pavel Kazantsev, Egor Titovich, Geraldyne Ule-Duque, Roua Abdulrahim, Talent Magnus, Godfrey Azangwe, Jamema Swamidas

Purpose

The aim of this study was to develop an efficient protocol for the commissioning of 1000 radiophotoluminescence dosimeters (RPLDs) for use in postal dosimetry audits in radiotherapy. This involved the determination of correction factors necessary to reduce measurement uncertainty and ensure accurate dose measurements.

Methods

The commissioning process started with the RPLDs subjected to a series of controlled irradiations to determine their individual nominal response. Experiments were also conducted to assess the influence of irradiation position, reading position, and ambient temperature on the dosimeter readings all which were accounted for calculating individual sensitivity correction factors (SCFs) for each dosimeter. Statistical analysis was performed to evaluate the variability of SCFs depending on normalization group. An additional investigation simulating different dosimetry audit batches was conducted to study the effect of SCF variability on dosimetry audit measurements.

Results

The adopted commissioning protocol required irradiation position correction factors (0.990–0.996), readout tray position correction factors (0.992–1.01) and room temperature corrections (∼0.4 % per ° C). This enabled the calculation of SCFs for a batch of 1000 RPLDs and the analysis found the majority of SCFs falling within the range of 0.985–1.015. The standard deviations of the SCF distributions were approximately 1% for all normalization groups. It was observed that SCFs normalized to the entire batch of 1000 dosimeters could be effectively used for smaller audit batches, with an additional uncertainty contribution of up to 0.2%. This minimal increase in uncertainty is acceptable within the context of dosimetry audits.

Conclusions

The developed protocol for commissioning RPLDs provides a reliable method for ensuring accurate dose measurements in postal radiotherapy dosimetry audits. The correction factors applied during the commissioning process were thoroughly described to effectively minimize measurement uncertainty. The findings support the use of SCFs normalized to large dosimeter batches for smaller audit groups, thereby streamlining the dosimetry audit process. Future research should focus on the long-term stability of SCFs to further enhance the reliability of RPLD-based dosimetry audits.

目的 本研究旨在为 1000 台放射光剂量计(RPLD)的试运行制定一套有效的方案,以用于放射治疗中的邮政剂量审核。调试过程首先对 RPLD 进行一系列受控辐照,以确定其各自的标称响应。还进行了实验,以评估辐照位置、读数位置和环境温度对剂量计读数的影响。进行了统计分析,以评估 SCF 因归一化组别不同而产生的差异。结果采用的调试程序要求辐照位置校正系数(0.990-0.996)、读出盘位置校正系数(0.992-1.01)和室温校正(每摄氏度 0.4%)。这样就能计算出一批 1000 个 RPLD 的 SCF,分析发现大多数 SCF 在 0.985-1.015 范围内。所有归一化组 SCF 分布的标准偏差约为 1%。据观察,对整批 1000 个剂量计进行归一化的 SCF 可以有效地用于较小的审核批次,但会增加最多 0.2% 的不确定性。结论所制定的 RPLD 调试程序提供了一种可靠的方法,可确保在邮寄放射治疗剂量学审核中进行准确的剂量测量。对调试过程中应用的校正因子进行了详细描述,以有效地将测量的不确定性降至最低。研究结果支持在较小的审核组中使用按大剂量计批次归一化的 SCF,从而简化剂量测量审核过程。未来的研究应侧重于 SCF 的长期稳定性,以进一步提高基于 RPLD 的剂量测定审核的可靠性。
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引用次数: 0
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Radiation Measurements
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