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Development and validation of a comprehensive S-value database for small animal internal dosimetry in nuclear medicine using the DM_Bra mouse phantom 利用 DM_Bra 小鼠模型开发和验证核医学小动物体内剂量测定综合 S 值数据库
IF 1.6 3区 物理与天体物理 Q2 NUCLEAR SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY Pub Date : 2024-08-28 DOI: 10.1016/j.radmeas.2024.107277
Khaoula Laazouzi , Nícollas Gonçalves Cavedini , Omaima Essaad Belhaj , Maryam Hadouachi , Hamid Boukhal , El mahjoub Chakir , Cristina Maria Moriguchi Jeckel , Ana Maria Marques da Silva , Maikol Salas-Ramirez

Animal models are essential in the development of new radiopharmaceuticals in nuclear medicine, particularly for accurate dose calculation in small animal internal dosimetry. This study presents a comprehensive dataset of S-values for eleven commonly used radionuclides, calculated using the DM_Bra mouse phantom with the GATE Monte Carlo simulation code. To validate our approach, we first compared S-values obtained from the DM_Bra phantom with published values derived from the Digimouse phantom using a Tc-99 m source. The differences between the two phantoms range from 0.68% to 12.45% for self-irradiation and from 0.15% to 4.19% for cross-irradiation when the source is the stomach. These results demonstrate good agreement with reference data, supporting the reliability of our dataset. We then expanded our analysis by generating S-values for additional radionuclides, reflecting their usage in both diagnostic and therapeutic applications. Furthermore, to assess the impact of varying mouse geometries on S-values, the DM_Bra phantom (26.9 g) was rescaled to represent two other mouse sizes (19.6 g and 35.9 g). The statistical uncertainty associated with all these S-values remains below 2%. This study offers a valuable resource for internal dosimetry in mice, providing detailed S-values for a wide range of radionuclides and organ geometries, which can be used in small animal PET and SPECT studies.

动物模型对核医学新放射性药物的开发至关重要,特别是对小动物体内剂量测定的精确剂量计算。本研究介绍了利用 DM_Bra 小鼠模型和 GATE 蒙特卡罗模拟代码计算出的 11 种常用放射性核素的 S 值的综合数据集。为了验证我们的方法,我们首先将从 DM_Bra 体模中获得的 S 值与从 Digimouse 体模中使用 Tc-99 m 源获得的已公布值进行了比较。当放射源为胃时,两个模型之间的自辐射差异从 0.68% 到 12.45%,交叉辐射差异从 0.15% 到 4.19%。这些结果与参考数据非常吻合,证明了我们数据集的可靠性。随后,我们通过生成更多放射性核素的 S 值扩大了分析范围,以反映它们在诊断和治疗中的应用。此外,为了评估不同小鼠几何尺寸对 S 值的影响,我们对 DM_Bra 模体(26.9 克)进行了调整,以代表另外两种尺寸的小鼠(19.6 克和 35.9 克)。与所有这些 S 值相关的统计不确定性仍然低于 2%。这项研究为小鼠体内剂量测定提供了宝贵的资源,为多种放射性核素和器官几何形状提供了详细的 S 值,可用于小动物 PET 和 SPECT 研究。
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引用次数: 0
Comparative analysis of predose effects on TL and OSL signals in BeO dosimeters 剂量前对 BeO 辐射计中 TL 和 OSL 信号影响的比较分析
IF 1.6 3区 物理与天体物理 Q2 NUCLEAR SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY Pub Date : 2024-08-27 DOI: 10.1016/j.radmeas.2024.107279
Engin Aşlar

This study investigates in detail the effects of predose on TL and OSL signals for BeO dosimeters. The TL and OSL signals were deconvoluted to each peak and component. As a result of deconvolution, the variations in the kinetic parameters (E, Tmax, b) for the TL signals and the lifetime values of the OSL signals were investigated. In addition, sensitivity changes according to predose were monitored for each peak and component. Finally, dose response curves were studied using the dose linearity index (f(D)) for each peak and component. Accordingly, the peak structures and kinetic parameters did not change according to the predose for the TL signal, whereas variations in the lifetime values for the OSL signal were observed, especially at the initial dose values (0.1 and 0.2 Gy). There was no change in sensitivity according to the predose for the total area condition although each peak and component exhibited independent behavior. Therefore, TL and OSL signals should be evaluated based on the total area in predose applications. The TL and OSL dose response curves exhibited different behaviors according to predose. TL dose response curves were not affected by the predose except for 1000 Gy, while the OSL dose response curves were affected by the predose considering the total area condition. The possible reason for the differences between the TL and OSL dose response curves is the significant transfer effect in the OSL signal at low doses, which results in greater changes at low doses compared to the TL signal. Also, thermal quenching effects may have resulted in lower intensity in the case of the TL signal. In future studies, preheating tests and thermal quenching corrections on TL peaks at high predoses may increase our understanding of deep trap interactions in BeO dosimeters.

本研究详细调查了剂量前对 BeO 剂量计的 TL 和 OSL 信号的影响。对 TL 和 OSL 信号的每个峰值和分量进行了解卷积。通过解卷积,研究了 TL 信号的动力学参数(E、Tmax、b)和 OSL 信号的寿命值的变化。此外,还监测了每个峰值和成分的敏感度随剂量前的变化。最后,使用剂量线性指数(f(D))研究了每个峰值和组分的剂量反应曲线。结果表明,TL 信号的峰值结构和动力学参数并没有随剂量的变化而变化,而 OSL 信号的寿命值却出现了变化,尤其是在初始剂量值(0.1 和 0.2 Gy)时。虽然每个峰值和分量都表现出独立的行为,但总面积条件下的灵敏度并没有随着预剂量的变化而变化。因此,在剂量前应用中,应根据总面积来评估 TL 和 OSL 信号。TL 和 OSL 剂量响应曲线随剂量前的不同而表现出不同的行为。除 1000 Gy 外,TL 剂量响应曲线不受预剂量的影响,而 OSL 剂量响应曲线则受到预剂量(考虑总面积条件)的影响。TL 和 OSL 剂量响应曲线之间存在差异的可能原因是,低剂量时 OSL 信号具有显著的传递效应,这导致低剂量时的变化比 TL 信号更大。此外,热淬火效应也可能导致 TL 信号强度降低。在今后的研究中,对高预测剂量下的 TL 峰进行预热测试和热淬火修正,可能会加深我们对 BeO 剂量计中深陷阱相互作用的理解。
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引用次数: 0
The method of Pb-212 measurements in air with the application of the LSC technique 应用 LSC 技术测量空气中 Pb-212 的方法
IF 1.6 3区 物理与天体物理 Q2 NUCLEAR SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY Pub Date : 2024-08-26 DOI: 10.1016/j.radmeas.2024.107278
A. Grygier, S. Chałupnik

This paper describes a method enabling the measurement of the potential alpha energy concentration (PAEC) of thoron decay products based on the determined concentration of lead 212Pb (T1/2 = 10.64 h) in the air [Lever et al., 2003]. A liquid scintillation spectrometer was used to determine the concentration of the 212Pb isotope, and the sample was taken by pumping air through a filter where thoron decay products were stored. This method can be classified as integrating because the sample takes several hours, and the measurement results in one value for the entire sampling period. Measurements were carried out in laboratory conditions, in a climatic chamber where a constant supply of thoron was maintained, and in environmental conditions, in the basement of the family house and outdoors. Sampling took from 12 to 48 h. This article presents the preliminary results of the study. The obtained results were in the range of 170–195 Bq/m3 in the case of laboratory measurements and from 0.04 to 0.79 Bq/m3 in the case of environmental measurements. Based on the obtained results, the potential alpha energy concentration (PAEC) was calculated. The application of the low-level LS spectrometer allows for the achievement of a lower limit of detection (LLD) at level 0.04–0.05 Bq/m3, while the use of the portable LS spectrometer allows for the measurement of deficient 212Pb concentrations in the range of 0.4–0.5 Bq/m3. The obtained results confirm that the method is suitable for determining the concentration of 212Pb and, consequently, assessing exposure to thoron progeny.

本文介绍了一种根据测定的空气中 212Pb 铅(T1/2 = 10.64 小时)的浓度来测量钍衰变产物的潜在α能量浓度(PAEC)的方法[Lever 等人,2003 年]。使用液体闪烁光谱仪测定 212Pb 同位素的浓度,并通过储存钍衰变产物的过滤器抽取空气样本。这种方法可以归类为积分法,因为取样需要几个小时,而测量结果是整个取样期间的一个值。测量是在实验室条件下进行的,即在一个恒温室中(该室中恒定供应钍),以及在环境条件下进行的,即在家庭住宅的地下室和室外。本文介绍了研究的初步结果。实验室测量的结果在 170-195 Bq/m3 之间,环境测量的结果在 0.04 至 0.79 Bq/m3 之间。根据获得的结果,计算出了潜在阿尔法能量浓度(PAEC)。使用低浓度 LS 光谱仪可以达到 0.04-0.05 Bq/m3 的检测下限(LLD),而使用便携式 LS 光谱仪则可以测量 0.4-0.5 Bq/m3 范围内的 212Pb 缺陷浓度。所获得的结果证实,该方法适用于确定 212Pb 的浓度,进而评估与荆棘子代的接触情况。
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引用次数: 0
Overview and current challenges at the Calibration Laboratory of the Paul Scherrer Institute 保罗-舍勒研究所校准实验室的概况和当前面临的挑战
IF 1.6 3区 物理与天体物理 Q2 NUCLEAR SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY Pub Date : 2024-08-26 DOI: 10.1016/j.radmeas.2024.107273
Malgorzata M. Kasprzak, Gernot Butterweck, Federico A. Geser, Alberto Stabilini, Malgorzata Sliz, Eduardo G. Yukihara, Sabine Mayer

The Calibration Laboratory of the Paul Scherrer Institute (PSI) is a secondary calibration laboratory accredited by the Swiss Accreditation Service (SAS) in accordance with ISO 17025. It also acts as a verification body authorized by the Swiss Federal Institute of Metrology (METAS). The Laboratory is equipped with X-ray, gamma and neutron irradiation facilities, providing characterized reference radiation fields for gamma 137Cs, 60Co, narrow spectrum X-rays from N-15 to N-300 and neutron radionuclide sources 252Cf, 252Cf (D2O-moderated) and 241Am-Be. The laboratory performs routine calibrations, organizes intercomparison measurements for individual monitoring services in Switzerland, and participates in various research projects, e.g., by performing irradiations in reference fields. For this reason, the proper characterization of reference radiation fields is of utmost importance for ensuring high quality irradiations and calibrations of personal dosemeters and radiation protection instruments. In this contribution, we provide an overview of the irradiation facilities at the Calibration Laboratory at PSI and discuss the challenges of characterizing reference radiation fields. In particular, we will discuss the factors affecting the determination of the distance between the source and irradiated dosemeters and detectors, as well as issues related to 252Cf decay and contribution of 250Cf. We will also demonstrate the use of Monte-Carlo simulations in determining the optimal position of the source and irradiation facility within the irradiation room.

保罗舍勒研究所(PSI)校准实验室是瑞士认可服务机构(SAS)根据 ISO 17025 标准认可的二级校准实验室。它还是瑞士联邦计量研究院 (METAS) 授权的验证机构。实验室配备有 X 射线、伽马射线和中子辐照设施,可提供伽马 137Cs、60Co、从 N-15 到 N-300 的窄谱 X 射线以及中子放射性核素源 252Cf、252Cf(D2O-缓和)和 241Am-Be 的特征参考辐射场。该实验室进行日常校准,为瑞士的个别监测服务组织相互比较测量,并参与各种研究项目,例如在参考场进行辐照。因此,参考辐射场的正确表征对于确保个人剂量计和辐射防护仪器的高质量辐照和校准至关重要。在本文中,我们将概述 PSI 校准实验室的辐照设施,并讨论基准辐射场特性分析所面临的挑战。特别是,我们将讨论影响确定源与辐照剂量计和探测器之间距离的因素,以及与 252Cf 衰减和 250Cf 贡献有关的问题。 我们还将演示使用蒙特卡洛模拟来确定辐照室内源和辐照设施的最佳位置。
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引用次数: 0
Evaluation of radiation leakage in X-ray security inspection machine using a CZT spectrometer 使用 CZT 光谱仪评估 X 射线安全检查机的辐射泄漏情况
IF 1.6 3区 物理与天体物理 Q2 NUCLEAR SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY Pub Date : 2024-08-22 DOI: 10.1016/j.radmeas.2024.107274
Weifeng Zhu , jinjie Wu , Rui Zhao , Xianqiang Tang , Mengyu Li

Leakage radiation from X-ray security inspection machines is important, and measurement based on ionization chamber or scintillator detector is widely used. The leakage radiation is closely related to the size and the passing time of the luggage, the lead equivalent, the opening angle of the lead curtain, and the response time of the measuring instrument. To characterize the distribution of leakage radiation from the X-ray security inspection machine accurately, a small-volume CZT(CdZnTe) spectrometer was used to measure the energy spectra at a distance of 5 cm from the surface of the inspection machine. By designing and controlling the opening angle of the lead curtain according to the size of the luggage passing through the entrance and exit, the radiation dose was determined based on the measured energy spectra combined with the G(E)-function method. The results show that the maximum relative deviation between the air kerma rate and the ambient dose equivalent rate calculated by the G(E) function method with the standard dose rate does not exceed ±5%. The maximum relative deviation of the dose rate linear verification in the 137Cs radiation field is less than 2.5%. A calibrated CZT detector was utilized to measure the radiation leakage on the surface of the X-ray security inspection machine. It was discovered that the presence of the luggage items and the opening angle of the lead curtain will increase the leakage radiation dose on the surface of the security inspection machine system. This study provides a new approach for measuring scattered radiation of X-ray security inspection machines.

X 射线安全检查机的泄漏辐射非常重要,基于电离室或闪烁探测器的测量方法被广泛使用。泄漏辐射与行李箱的大小和通过时间、铅当量、铅帘开启角度以及测量仪器的响应时间密切相关。为了准确描述 X 射线安检机泄漏辐射的分布特征,我们使用了小体积 CZT(镉锌碲)光谱仪来测量距离安检机表面 5 厘米处的能谱。根据通过出入口的行李大小设计和控制铅帘的开启角度,根据测量到的能谱结合 G(E)函数法确定辐射剂量。结果表明,用 G(E)函数法计算的空气辐射率和环境剂量当量率与标准剂量率之间的最大相对偏差不超过 ±5%。137Cs 辐射场剂量率线性验证的最大相对偏差小于 2.5%。利用校准过的 CZT 探测器测量 X 射线安检机表面的辐射泄漏。结果发现,行李物品的存在和铅幕的开启角度都会增加安检机系统表面的泄漏辐射剂量。这项研究为测量 X 射线安检机的散射辐射提供了一种新方法。
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引用次数: 0
An efficient protocol for commissioning radiophotoluminescence dosimeters for radiotherapy dosimetry audits 用于放射治疗剂量学审计的放射性光致发光剂量计的高效调试程序
IF 1.6 3区 物理与天体物理 Q2 NUCLEAR SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY Pub Date : 2024-08-15 DOI: 10.1016/j.radmeas.2024.107268
Alexis Dimitriadis, Pavel Kazantsev, Egor Titovich, Geraldyne Ule-Duque, Roua Abdulrahim, Talent Magnus, Godfrey Azangwe, Jamema Swamidas

Purpose

The aim of this study was to develop an efficient protocol for the commissioning of 1000 radiophotoluminescence dosimeters (RPLDs) for use in postal dosimetry audits in radiotherapy. This involved the determination of correction factors necessary to reduce measurement uncertainty and ensure accurate dose measurements.

Methods

The commissioning process started with the RPLDs subjected to a series of controlled irradiations to determine their individual nominal response. Experiments were also conducted to assess the influence of irradiation position, reading position, and ambient temperature on the dosimeter readings all which were accounted for calculating individual sensitivity correction factors (SCFs) for each dosimeter. Statistical analysis was performed to evaluate the variability of SCFs depending on normalization group. An additional investigation simulating different dosimetry audit batches was conducted to study the effect of SCF variability on dosimetry audit measurements.

Results

The adopted commissioning protocol required irradiation position correction factors (0.990–0.996), readout tray position correction factors (0.992–1.01) and room temperature corrections (∼0.4 % per ° C). This enabled the calculation of SCFs for a batch of 1000 RPLDs and the analysis found the majority of SCFs falling within the range of 0.985–1.015. The standard deviations of the SCF distributions were approximately 1% for all normalization groups. It was observed that SCFs normalized to the entire batch of 1000 dosimeters could be effectively used for smaller audit batches, with an additional uncertainty contribution of up to 0.2%. This minimal increase in uncertainty is acceptable within the context of dosimetry audits.

Conclusions

The developed protocol for commissioning RPLDs provides a reliable method for ensuring accurate dose measurements in postal radiotherapy dosimetry audits. The correction factors applied during the commissioning process were thoroughly described to effectively minimize measurement uncertainty. The findings support the use of SCFs normalized to large dosimeter batches for smaller audit groups, thereby streamlining the dosimetry audit process. Future research should focus on the long-term stability of SCFs to further enhance the reliability of RPLD-based dosimetry audits.

目的 本研究旨在为 1000 台放射光剂量计(RPLD)的试运行制定一套有效的方案,以用于放射治疗中的邮政剂量审核。调试过程首先对 RPLD 进行一系列受控辐照,以确定其各自的标称响应。还进行了实验,以评估辐照位置、读数位置和环境温度对剂量计读数的影响。进行了统计分析,以评估 SCF 因归一化组别不同而产生的差异。结果采用的调试程序要求辐照位置校正系数(0.990-0.996)、读出盘位置校正系数(0.992-1.01)和室温校正(每摄氏度 0.4%)。这样就能计算出一批 1000 个 RPLD 的 SCF,分析发现大多数 SCF 在 0.985-1.015 范围内。所有归一化组 SCF 分布的标准偏差约为 1%。据观察,对整批 1000 个剂量计进行归一化的 SCF 可以有效地用于较小的审核批次,但会增加最多 0.2% 的不确定性。结论所制定的 RPLD 调试程序提供了一种可靠的方法,可确保在邮寄放射治疗剂量学审核中进行准确的剂量测量。对调试过程中应用的校正因子进行了详细描述,以有效地将测量的不确定性降至最低。研究结果支持在较小的审核组中使用按大剂量计批次归一化的 SCF,从而简化剂量测量审核过程。未来的研究应侧重于 SCF 的长期稳定性,以进一步提高基于 RPLD 的剂量测定审核的可靠性。
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引用次数: 0
Microdosimetric measurements for LET monitoring in proton therapy. The development of engineered mini-TEPCs for clinical applications: First results 用于质子治疗中 LET 监测的微剂量测定。开发用于临床应用的工程微型 TEPC:初步结果
IF 1.6 3区 物理与天体物理 Q2 NUCLEAR SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY Pub Date : 2024-08-14 DOI: 10.1016/j.radmeas.2024.107271
A. Bianchi , A. Selva , F. Pasquato , M. Rossignoli , A. Minarello , A. Fazzi , V. Conte

Innovative Treatment Planning Systems (TPS) in proton therapy based on a variable radiation quality with depth with respect to the conventional one with a fixed Relative Biological Effectiveness (RBE) of 1.1 are under study. Experimental methods are needed to verify the consistency between what is planned and what is delivered in terms of radiation quality. Microdosimetry studies the stochastics of the energy deposition process at micrometric and sub-micrometric level which is known to be related to the biological effectiveness of ionising radiation fields. For this reason, it is recognised by the scientific community that it is a useful tool to monitor the radiation quality of hadron therapy beams where the effectiveness varies with the penetration depth in patients. Detectors are needed to perform a microdosimetric characterization of a clinical beam and they need to satisfy specific requirements to enter the clinical practice as instruments for the Quality Assurance (QA). With this aim, at the Legnaro National Laboratories of the Italian National Institute for Nuclear Physics (LNL-INFN) a technological transfer project was carried out with the final goal of developing engineered miniaturized Tissue Equivalent Proportional Counters (mini-TEPCs) for clinical applications. This work presents the characterization performed on the new detectors and the results obtained in neutron and proton fields.

目前正在研究质子治疗中的创新治疗计划系统(TPS),该系统基于随深度变化的辐射质量,而传统的相对生物效应(RBE)固定为 1.1。需要用实验方法来验证计划与实际放射质量之间的一致性。微观模拟法研究微米级和亚微米级能量沉积过程的随机性,众所周知,这与电离辐射场的生物效应有关。因此,科学界认为它是监测强子治疗束辐射质量的有用工具,因为治疗效果会随穿透病人的深度而变化。要对临床光束进行微剂量测定,需要使用探测器,而且这些探测器必须满足特定要求,才能作为质量保证(QA)仪器进入临床实践。为此,意大利国家核物理研究所莱格纳罗国家实验室(LNL-INFN)开展了一个技术转让项目,最终目标是开发出用于临床应用的工程微型组织等效比例计数器(mini-TEPCs)。这项工作介绍了新探测器的特性以及在中子和质子场中获得的结果。
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引用次数: 0
Optically stimulated luminescence detectors for LET determination and dosimetry in ion beam therapy 用于离子束疗法中 LET 测定和剂量测定的光激发发光探测器
IF 1.6 3区 物理与天体物理 Q2 NUCLEAR SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY Pub Date : 2024-08-13 DOI: 10.1016/j.radmeas.2024.107270
Jeppe Brage Christensen , Lily Bossin , Iván Domingo Muñoz , Christina Stengl , José Vedelago , Eduardo Gardenali Yukihara

Optically stimulated luminescence detectors (OSLDs) have been utilized for various dosimetry applications for many years. The use of Al2O3:C OSLDs for proton dosimetry began over a decade ago, taking advantage of the correlation between the ionization density of the radiation field and the ratio of intensities of the material’s two emission bands. The correlation allows for determining both linear energy transfer (LET) and dose in proton beams, with corrections for ionization quenching derived from the LET. However, the previous methodology for proton dosimetry and simultaneous LET determination with Al2O3:C OSLDs was cumbersome and occasionally associated with large uncertainties, while carbon beam dosimetry posed further challenges due to an elevated LET.

This paper reviews the recent advancements in ion beam dosimetry and LET determination using OSLDs. Employing Al2O3:C,Mg OSLDs alongside improved, automatized read-out techniques, and the use of other radiation quality metrics than averaged LET, has removed most of the previous obstacles for ion beam dosimetry with OSLDs.

The feasibility of simultaneous LET determination and dosimetry in ion beams is demonstrated through two case studies involving realistic proton and carbon ion therapy scenarios.

光激发发光探测器(OSLD)多年来一直被用于各种剂量测定应用。利用辐射场的电离密度与材料两个发射带的强度比之间的相关性,Al2O3:C 光学激发发光探测器在质子剂量测定中的应用始于十多年前。利用这种相关性可以确定质子束的线性能量传递(LET)和剂量,并根据 LET 得出电离淬灭修正。然而,以前使用 Al2O3:C OSLD 进行质子剂量测定和 LET 同步测定的方法非常繁琐,有时还存在较大的不确定性,而碳束剂量测定则因 LET 的升高而面临更多挑战。采用Al2O3:C,Mg OSLD,同时改进自动读出技术,并使用平均LET以外的其他辐射质量指标,消除了以前使用OSLD进行离子束剂量测定的大部分障碍。
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引用次数: 0
Assessment of the skin contamination dose coefficients for 252Cf radionuclide: Monte Carlo approach 评估 252Cf 放射性核素的皮肤污染剂量系数:蒙特卡罗方法
IF 1.6 3区 物理与天体物理 Q2 NUCLEAR SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY Pub Date : 2024-08-12 DOI: 10.1016/j.radmeas.2024.107269
Roya Boudaghi Malidarreh , A.M.A. Mostafa , Shams A.M. Issa , Hesham M.H. Zakaly

Handling the 252Cf radionuclide source poses a potential hazard of skin surface contamination in case of an unexpected occurrence. Consequently, there is a growing need to establish precise dose conversion coefficients tailored to each type of emitted primary particle and various radionuclides. Nevertheless, the current body of literature does not provide specific data or methodologies for evaluating skin contamination dose and its associated coefficients, particularly with regard to the 252Cf source. Thus, this study aims to quantify the dose rate received by the skin and its associated coefficients after contamination scenario. Utilizing the established MCNPX environment, the Equivalent dose rate and Absorbed dose, along with Skin contamination dose coefficient (SCDC), have been calculated within the skin tissue. Two methodologies, specifically Watt Fission distribution and the Doppler Effect, are proposed to analyze particle spectra within skin phantom, enabling the calculation of Equivalent dose rate. In accordance with ICRP recommendations regarding the optimal depth for assessing skin doses, the designated scoring volume within the skin is located between depths of 50–100 μm. This volume is tasked with evaluating the dose. The SCDC results were entirely consistent with previously published data from MCNPX, with statistical uncertainties of less than 15%, demonstrating the efficacy of the methodologies employed in this study. This research presents an innovative method for generating data related to skin contamination doses. The novel outcomes in the current research facilitate the assessment of skin dose contamination for the targeted radionuclides and radiotherapy purposes due to staff oversight and radiobiological effects.

在处理 252Cf 放射性核素源时,如果发生意外情况,可能会造成皮肤表面污染。因此,越来越需要针对每种发射的原粒子和各种放射性核素建立精确的剂量换算系数。然而,目前的文献并没有提供评估皮肤污染剂量及其相关系数的具体数据或方法,尤其是 252Cf 源。因此,本研究旨在量化污染后皮肤接收的剂量率及其相关系数。利用已建立的 MCNPX 环境,计算了皮肤组织内的等效剂量率和吸收剂量,以及皮肤污染剂量系数(SCDC)。提出了两种方法,特别是瓦特裂变分布和多普勒效应,用于分析皮肤模型内的粒子光谱,从而计算出等效剂量率。根据国际放射防护委员会关于评估皮肤剂量最佳深度的建议,皮肤内的指定评分体积位于 50-100 μm 深度之间。该区域负责评估剂量。SCDC 结果与 MCNPX 之前公布的数据完全一致,统计不确定性小于 15%,证明了本研究采用的方法的有效性。这项研究提出了一种生成皮肤污染剂量相关数据的创新方法。由于工作人员的疏忽和放射生物学效应,当前研究的新成果有助于评估目标放射性核素和放射治疗目的的皮肤剂量污染。
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引用次数: 0
Wide cone beam CT dosimetry: Analysis of results and uncertainty evaluation 宽锥束 CT 剂量测定:结果分析和不确定性评估
IF 1.6 3区 物理与天体物理 Q2 NUCLEAR SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY Pub Date : 2024-08-10 DOI: 10.1016/j.radmeas.2024.107266
Fillipe M. de Jesus , Luciana T. Campos , Simone K. Renha , Priscila M.D.S. Dias , Leonardo D.C. Pacífico , Samara C.F. Machado , Vitor M. Sardenberg , Ricardo T. Lopes , Luís A.G. Magalhães

Objective

To investigate the consistency of the recommended methodology, we analyzed the dosimetric results obtained for each setup beam shaping filter and tube voltage and evaluated the uncertainty associated with the full dose measurement process.

Methods

A 300-mm PTIC was used to validate the results obtained with the 100-mm PTIC. Considering the other dosimetric parts, a cylindrical 160-mm diameter PMMA phantom and a cylindrical 320-mm diameter PMMA phantom were also used in the experimental protocol.

Results

For the lowest and highest tube voltages available, the CTDIair,160 values obtained by 1-step dosimetry with the 300-mm PTIC were greater than the respective values obtained by 2- and 3-step dosimetry with the 100-mm PTIC.

Conclusion

This study established that careful positioning of the 100-mm PTIC in 2 or 3 steps, as well as proper execution of the other dosimetric parts recommended by the IAEA, represents a validated approach within up to 20% uncertainty for wide cone beam CT dosimetry.

为了研究推荐方法的一致性,我们分析了每种设置光束整形滤波器和管电压的剂量测定结果,并评估了与整个剂量测定过程相关的不确定性。考虑到其他剂量测定部分,实验方案中还使用了一个直径为 160 毫米的圆柱形 PMMA 假体和一个直径为 320 毫米的圆柱形 PMMA 假体。结果在可用的最低和最高管电压下,使用 300 毫米 PTIC 进行 1 步剂量测定所获得的 CTDIair,160 值均大于使用 100 毫米 PTIC 进行 2 步和 3 步剂量测定所获得的相应值。结论这项研究证实,将 100 毫米 PTIC 分两步或三步仔细定位,并正确执行 IAEA 建议的其他剂量测定部分,是一种经过验证的宽锥束 CT 剂量测定方法,其不确定性最高可达 20%。
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引用次数: 0
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Radiation Measurements
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