Pub Date : 2025-11-07DOI: 10.1016/j.radmeas.2025.107558
Lucas Mateus Ferreira de Amorim , Arícia Ravane Pereira da Cruz , Aline Taiane Macedo Pinto , Jair Fernandes Virgínio , Charles Nilton Prado Oliveira , Vinícius Saito Monteiro de Barros , Viviane Khoury Asfora
The Sterile Insect Technique (SIT) is an ecological and environmentally safe method for controlling the population of specific insect species. To ensure the success of the technique, a key factor is to accurately control the absorbed dose used to treat insects. Therefore, accurate dosimeters for use in the range of tens to hundreds of Gray is essential. This work investigates the use of an MgB4O7:Ce3+,Li+ optically stimulated dosimeter (OSL) for applications in the SIT. The crystalline structure was confirmed by the X-ray diffraction (XRD). The irradiation setup adopted was the same used for insect irradiation in the Aedes Sterile Project (Moscamed Brazil/IAEA). A linear dose response was observed up to 200 Gy, followed by a supra-linear response and saturation around 200–500 Gy. A short term fading of approximately 20 % was observed after 6 h in initial OSL response. The signal remained stable from 6 h up to 28 days. Therefore, the study revealed a potential use of MgB4O7:Ce3+,Li+ in the dosimetry of the irradiation process for sterile insect technique.
{"title":"Characterization of MgB4O7:Ce3+,Li+ for application in sterile insect technique dosimetry","authors":"Lucas Mateus Ferreira de Amorim , Arícia Ravane Pereira da Cruz , Aline Taiane Macedo Pinto , Jair Fernandes Virgínio , Charles Nilton Prado Oliveira , Vinícius Saito Monteiro de Barros , Viviane Khoury Asfora","doi":"10.1016/j.radmeas.2025.107558","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.radmeas.2025.107558","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The Sterile Insect Technique (SIT) is an ecological and environmentally safe method for controlling the population of specific insect species. To ensure the success of the technique, a key factor is to accurately control the absorbed dose used to treat insects. Therefore, accurate dosimeters for use in the range of tens to hundreds of Gray is essential. This work investigates the use of an MgB<sub>4</sub>O<sub>7</sub>:Ce<sup>3+</sup>,Li<sup>+</sup> optically stimulated dosimeter (OSL) for applications in the SIT. The crystalline structure was confirmed by the X-ray diffraction (XRD). The irradiation setup adopted was the same used for insect irradiation in the Aedes Sterile Project (Moscamed Brazil/IAEA). A linear dose response was observed up to 200 Gy, followed by a supra-linear response and saturation around 200–500 Gy. A short term fading of approximately 20 % was observed after 6 h in initial OSL response. The signal remained stable from 6 h up to 28 days. Therefore, the study revealed a potential use of MgB<sub>4</sub>O<sub>7</sub>:Ce<sup>3+</sup>,Li<sup>+</sup> in the dosimetry of the irradiation process for sterile insect technique.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":21055,"journal":{"name":"Radiation Measurements","volume":"190 ","pages":"Article 107558"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2025-11-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145518275","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-11-05DOI: 10.1016/j.radmeas.2025.107557
Antônio Bernardo da Silva Neto , Alcilene Cristina da Silva , Charles Nilton do Prado Oliveira , Raquel Aline Pessoa Oliveira , Viviane Khoury Asfora , Vinícius Saito Monteiro de Barros
Optically Stimulated Luminescence (OSL) has emerged as a promising technique for ionizing radiation dosimetry. However, its widespread adoption has been hindered by the limited availability of suitable commercial materials. Recent developments have focused on magnesium tetraborate (MgB4O7) doped with cerium and lithium (Ce3+, Li+), which exhibits favorable characteristics such as a near tissue-equivalent effective atomic number and potential sensitivity to both photon and neutron radiation. Research has shown that Li+ enhances OSL and thermoluminescence (TL) sensitivity by acting as a charge compensator for rare-earth doping. This study presents the development of a novel triply-doped MgB4O7:Ce,Gd,Li material synthesized via a two-step sintering process. Previous findings indicated limited exploration of Gd3+ in OSL materials, despite its promising effects on TL and OSL response when co-doped with Ce3+. This work builds on previous reports by demonstrating that appropriate Gd3+ concentrations can increase the OSL sensitivity, compared with materials doped only with Ce3+ and Li+. This enhancement contributes to the development of alternative OSL dosimeters with broader application potential, particularly in mixed radiation fields.
{"title":"Thermo and optically stimulated luminescence of magnesium tetraborate doped with cerium, gadolinium and lithium","authors":"Antônio Bernardo da Silva Neto , Alcilene Cristina da Silva , Charles Nilton do Prado Oliveira , Raquel Aline Pessoa Oliveira , Viviane Khoury Asfora , Vinícius Saito Monteiro de Barros","doi":"10.1016/j.radmeas.2025.107557","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.radmeas.2025.107557","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Optically Stimulated Luminescence (OSL) has emerged as a promising technique for ionizing radiation dosimetry. However, its widespread adoption has been hindered by the limited availability of suitable commercial materials. Recent developments have focused on magnesium tetraborate (<em>MgB</em><sub><em>4</em></sub><em>O</em><sub><em>7</em></sub>) doped with cerium and lithium (<em>Ce</em><sup><em>3+</em></sup>, <em>Li</em><sup><em>+</em></sup>), which exhibits favorable characteristics such as a near tissue-equivalent effective atomic number and potential sensitivity to both photon and neutron radiation. Research has shown that <em>Li</em> <sup><em>+</em></sup> enhances OSL and thermoluminescence (TL) sensitivity by acting as a charge compensator for rare-earth doping. This study presents the development of a novel triply-doped <em>MgB</em><sub><em>4</em></sub><em>O</em><sub><em>7</em></sub><em>:Ce,Gd,Li</em> material synthesized via a two-step sintering process. Previous findings indicated limited exploration of <em>Gd</em><sup><em>3+</em></sup> in OSL materials, despite its promising effects on TL and OSL response when co-doped with <em>Ce</em><sup><em>3+</em></sup>. This work builds on previous reports by demonstrating that appropriate <em>Gd</em><sup><em>3+</em></sup> concentrations can increase the OSL sensitivity, compared with materials doped only with <em>Ce</em><sup><em>3+</em></sup> and <em>Li</em><sup><em>+</em></sup>. This enhancement contributes to the development of alternative OSL dosimeters with broader application potential, particularly in mixed radiation fields.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":21055,"journal":{"name":"Radiation Measurements","volume":"190 ","pages":"Article 107557"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2025-11-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145468282","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-11-04DOI: 10.1016/j.radmeas.2025.107554
Paweł Bilski, Anna Mrozik, Mariusz Kłosowski, Michał Sądel, Maciej Budzanowski
MgB4O7:Ce,Li, one of the most promising OSL materials, was found to exhibit a ‘regeneration effect’: when a CW-OSL measurement is followed by another one carried out after a period of delay, the intensity of the second signal begins at a level higher than the final intensity of the first measurement. The magnitude of this increase depends on the time of delay and reaches a maximum of nearly 10 % of the initial OSL signal after about 1–2 h following the first readout. No such increase was observed in the thermoluminescence of this material. Understanding of the mechanism of the regeneration effect requires further investigations, but it appears to be related to a migration of charge carriers between trapping sites, triggered by blue-light stimulation.
{"title":"Regeneration effect in optically stimulated luminescence of MgB4O7:Ce,Li","authors":"Paweł Bilski, Anna Mrozik, Mariusz Kłosowski, Michał Sądel, Maciej Budzanowski","doi":"10.1016/j.radmeas.2025.107554","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.radmeas.2025.107554","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>MgB<sub>4</sub>O<sub>7</sub>:Ce,Li, one of the most promising OSL materials, was found to exhibit a ‘regeneration effect’: when a CW-OSL measurement is followed by another one carried out after a period of delay, the intensity of the second signal begins at a level higher than the final intensity of the first measurement. The magnitude of this increase depends on the time of delay and reaches a maximum of nearly 10 % of the initial OSL signal after about 1–2 h following the first readout. No such increase was observed in the thermoluminescence of this material. Understanding of the mechanism of the regeneration effect requires further investigations, but it appears to be related to a migration of charge carriers between trapping sites, triggered by blue-light stimulation.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":21055,"journal":{"name":"Radiation Measurements","volume":"190 ","pages":"Article 107554"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2025-11-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145468279","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-11-03DOI: 10.1016/j.radmeas.2025.107553
M. Korzhik , E. Borisevich , O. Akimova , A. Alexandrov , A. Amelina , I. Lagutskiy , A. Mikhlin , A. Fedorov , V. Mechinsky , I. Komendo , K. Okhotnikova
A lithium neutron-sensitive glass with the composition Li2O∗SiO2:Ce and partial substitution of SiO2 with AlF3 has been developed and evaluated for detecting properties. Samples enriched and depleted with the 7Li isotope have been produced. Glass demonstrated improved light yield and an increase in the n/γ ratio up to 2.6 when comparing the response to the thermal neutrons and 662 keV γ -rays of the 137Cs source. The response to neutrons and γ-rays was found to be different in scintillation kinetics as well. Findings make possible future improvement of the glass-based scintillation detector sensitivity to the neutrons by combining the analysis of the amplitudes and the pulse shape of the signals from thermal neutrons and γ-rays.
{"title":"Capabilities for the low background measurements of neutrons combining 6Li2O∗SiO2:Ce and 7Li2O∗SiO2:Ce glass detecting elements","authors":"M. Korzhik , E. Borisevich , O. Akimova , A. Alexandrov , A. Amelina , I. Lagutskiy , A. Mikhlin , A. Fedorov , V. Mechinsky , I. Komendo , K. Okhotnikova","doi":"10.1016/j.radmeas.2025.107553","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.radmeas.2025.107553","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>A lithium neutron-sensitive glass with the composition Li<sub>2</sub>O∗SiO<sub>2</sub>:Ce and partial substitution of SiO<sub>2</sub> with AlF<sub>3</sub> has been developed and evaluated for detecting properties. Samples enriched and depleted with the <sup>7</sup>Li isotope have been produced. Glass demonstrated improved light yield and an increase in the n/γ ratio up to 2.6 when comparing the response to the thermal neutrons and 662 keV γ -rays of the <sup>137</sup>Cs source. The response to neutrons and γ-rays was found to be different in scintillation kinetics as well. Findings make possible future improvement of the glass-based scintillation detector sensitivity to the neutrons by combining the analysis of the amplitudes and the pulse shape of the signals from thermal neutrons and γ-rays.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":21055,"journal":{"name":"Radiation Measurements","volume":"190 ","pages":"Article 107553"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2025-11-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145468283","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-11-03DOI: 10.1016/j.radmeas.2025.107551
Zhiyong Lan, Hongquan Huang, Qiuyi Wang, Xingke Ma
Due to the high complexity of its circuitry, the front-end analog system of nuclear radiation detectors exhibits considerable diversity and complexity in the output pulse waveforms. Under varying test conditions, environmental temperature, and humidity, the system may produce pulses with abnormal decay constants. Changes in decay constants can cause the pulse amplitude to increase or decrease, which interferes with the accurate extraction of the true pulse amplitude and ultimately degrades the accuracy of nuclear energy spectrum measurements.
This paper presents an innovative removing algorithm designed to eliminate pulses with abnormal decay constants. The removing algorithm operates as follows: A base waveform space is first constructed using complete, isolated, and non-overlapping nuclear pulses. The nuclear pulses are then projected into this waveform space to obtain both projection vectors and shadow waveform vectors. The shadow waveform vectors are incorporated as new information to update the waveform space, which is continuously refined so that the waveform space progressively acquires and represents the characteristic features of the pulse signals. When the nuclear pulse shares the same characteristics as the waveform space, the projection vector remains unchanged; however, when the pulse parameters are abnormal, the projection vector exhibits variation. The change in the projection vector is reflected by the magnitude of the error. A tolerance threshold is introduced: if the error exceeds this threshold, the nuclear pulse is considered to have abnormal parameters and is removed, resulting in a clean set of nuclear pulse signals. By adjusting the tolerance threshold, one can selectively retain pulses with minor variations in decay constants while removing those with large deviations. In a dataset consisting of 20,000 nuclear pulses, including 2000 with abnormal decay constants, the removing algorithm removed 1739 abnormal pulses when filtering based on decay constant variation, achieving an accuracy of 87.0 %. The resulting nuclear energy spectrum was corrected by eliminating the influence of these abnormal pulses.
A transformer model was employed to identify the parameters of nuclear pulses, achieving an identification accuracy of 99.3 % for the slow decay constant and 99.6 % for the fast decay constant. The identified parameters are incorporated into the secondary-edge flat-top pulse shaping algorithm, enabling it to accurately transform nuclear pulses into secondary-edge flat-top pulses, thereby achieving correction of the nuclear energy spectrum. The secondary-edge flat-top pulses utilize higher-order mathematical functions for edge transitions, which, compared to simple linear variations, exhibit smoother transitions and more pronounced amplitudes.
{"title":"An algorithm for identifying and removing abnormal nuclear pulse parameters","authors":"Zhiyong Lan, Hongquan Huang, Qiuyi Wang, Xingke Ma","doi":"10.1016/j.radmeas.2025.107551","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.radmeas.2025.107551","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Due to the high complexity of its circuitry, the front-end analog system of nuclear radiation detectors exhibits considerable diversity and complexity in the output pulse waveforms. Under varying test conditions, environmental temperature, and humidity, the system may produce pulses with abnormal decay constants. Changes in decay constants can cause the pulse amplitude to increase or decrease, which interferes with the accurate extraction of the true pulse amplitude and ultimately degrades the accuracy of nuclear energy spectrum measurements.</div><div>This paper presents an innovative removing algorithm designed to eliminate pulses with abnormal decay constants. The removing algorithm operates as follows: A base waveform space is first constructed using complete, isolated, and non-overlapping nuclear pulses. The nuclear pulses are then projected into this waveform space to obtain both projection vectors and shadow waveform vectors. The shadow waveform vectors are incorporated as new information to update the waveform space, which is continuously refined so that the waveform space progressively acquires and represents the characteristic features of the pulse signals. When the nuclear pulse shares the same characteristics as the waveform space, the projection vector remains unchanged; however, when the pulse parameters are abnormal, the projection vector exhibits variation. The change in the projection vector is reflected by the magnitude of the error. A tolerance threshold is introduced: if the error exceeds this threshold, the nuclear pulse is considered to have abnormal parameters and is removed, resulting in a clean set of nuclear pulse signals. By adjusting the tolerance threshold, one can selectively retain pulses with minor variations in decay constants while removing those with large deviations. In a dataset consisting of 20,000 nuclear pulses, including 2000 with abnormal decay constants, the removing algorithm removed 1739 abnormal pulses when filtering based on decay constant variation, achieving an accuracy of 87.0 %. The resulting nuclear energy spectrum was corrected by eliminating the influence of these abnormal pulses.</div><div>A transformer model was employed to identify the parameters of nuclear pulses, achieving an identification accuracy of 99.3 % for the slow decay constant and 99.6 % for the fast decay constant. The identified parameters are incorporated into the secondary-edge flat-top pulse shaping algorithm, enabling it to accurately transform nuclear pulses into secondary-edge flat-top pulses, thereby achieving correction of the nuclear energy spectrum. The secondary-edge flat-top pulses utilize higher-order mathematical functions for edge transitions, which, compared to simple linear variations, exhibit smoother transitions and more pronounced amplitudes.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":21055,"journal":{"name":"Radiation Measurements","volume":"190 ","pages":"Article 107551"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2025-11-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145518273","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-10-31DOI: 10.1016/j.radmeas.2025.107552
A. Khodaei , F. Moradi , H.T. Zubair , S.A. Ibrahim , H.A. Abdul-Rashid
Accurate dosimetry in small radiation fields remains a critical challenge in modern radiotherapy due to high dose gradients and limited detector spatial resolution. This study investigates the dosimetric performance of Ge-doped silica fiber radioluminescence (RL) detectors for small field measurements through Monte Carlo simulations using the TOPAS tool. Reference data from IAEA database were utilized for implementation of small radiation fields and validation, by comparing experimental beam profile and depth dose measurements for various field sizes. Quality dependence factors (QDFs) were calculated based on the formalism of the IAEA-AAPM working group, considering a Varian Clinac iX linear accelerator with a 10 × 10 cm2 reference field and various small fields of 0.5 × 0.5 cm2, 1 × 1 cm2, 2 × 2 cm2 and 4 × 4 cm2. The study explored different fiber detector diameters from 125 μm to 2 mm to optimize spatial resolution for small field dosimetry. Simulated electron spectra in various situations were analyzed in both water and fiber volumes to understand reasons behind detector response variations. Notably, the detector diameter significantly influenced quality dependence, with competing effects between energy dependence and a field size dependent spectral discrepancy leading to an optimal balance at a 0.5 mm fiber diameter. Calculated QDFs aligned well within the range reported for other detector types, supporting the applicability of Ge-doped silica fiber RL detectors for precise dose measurements in small radiation fields, offering a potential alternative for advanced radiotherapy applications.
{"title":"Monte Carlo investigation of Ge-doped silica fiber detectors for precision small field dosimetry","authors":"A. Khodaei , F. Moradi , H.T. Zubair , S.A. Ibrahim , H.A. Abdul-Rashid","doi":"10.1016/j.radmeas.2025.107552","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.radmeas.2025.107552","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Accurate dosimetry in small radiation fields remains a critical challenge in modern radiotherapy due to high dose gradients and limited detector spatial resolution. This study investigates the dosimetric performance of Ge-doped silica fiber radioluminescence (RL) detectors for small field measurements through Monte Carlo simulations using the TOPAS tool. Reference data from IAEA database were utilized for implementation of small radiation fields and validation, by comparing experimental beam profile and depth dose measurements for various field sizes. Quality dependence factors (QDFs) were calculated based on the formalism of the IAEA-AAPM working group, considering a Varian Clinac iX linear accelerator with a 10 × 10 cm<sup>2</sup> reference field and various small fields of 0.5 × 0.5 cm<sup>2</sup>, 1 × 1 cm<sup>2</sup>, 2 × 2 cm<sup>2</sup> and 4 × 4 cm<sup>2</sup>. The study explored different fiber detector diameters from 125 μm to 2 mm to optimize spatial resolution for small field dosimetry. Simulated electron spectra in various situations were analyzed in both water and fiber volumes to understand reasons behind detector response variations. Notably, the detector diameter significantly influenced quality dependence, with competing effects between energy dependence and a field size dependent spectral discrepancy leading to an optimal balance at a 0.5 mm fiber diameter. Calculated QDFs aligned well within the range reported for other detector types, supporting the applicability of Ge-doped silica fiber RL detectors for precise dose measurements in small radiation fields, offering a potential alternative for advanced radiotherapy applications.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":21055,"journal":{"name":"Radiation Measurements","volume":"190 ","pages":"Article 107552"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2025-10-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145468280","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Previous studies have reported luminescence phenomena in sodium fluoride (NaF) following ionizing radiation; however, a comprehensive evaluation of its behavior has been lacking. Therefore, this study explored the potential of NaF as a novel defect-type radiophotoluminescence (RPL) material for dosimetric applications. The aggregations of anion vacancies, F2, F2+, and F3+ centers, were identified as defect-type RPL centers and characterized by their emission peaks at 650, 930, and 590 nm, respectively. The temporal change at room temperature and thermal process up to 300 °C revealed the build-up phenomenon and fading properties of F2, F2+, and F3+ centers. Dose response properties immediately after X-ray irradiation showed that F2 centers dominate at high doses, while F3+ centers contribute significantly at lower doses. A linear dose-response relationship was observed from 0.01 to 500 Gy, with a detection limit of 0.009 Gy. These findings position undoped NaF as a promising candidate for practical RPL dosimetry.
{"title":"Defect-type radiophotoluminescence properties of sodium fluoride for dosimetry","authors":"Takumi Kato, Daisuke Nakauchi, Noriaki Kawaguchi, Takayuki Yanagida","doi":"10.1016/j.radmeas.2025.107550","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.radmeas.2025.107550","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Previous studies have reported luminescence phenomena in sodium fluoride (NaF) following ionizing radiation; however, a comprehensive evaluation of its behavior has been lacking. Therefore, this study explored the potential of NaF as a novel defect-type radiophotoluminescence (RPL) material for dosimetric applications. The aggregations of anion vacancies, F<sub>2</sub>, F<sub>2</sub><sup>+</sup>, and F<sub>3</sub><sup>+</sup> centers, were identified as defect-type RPL centers and characterized by their emission peaks at 650, 930, and 590 nm, respectively. The temporal change at room temperature and thermal process up to 300 °C revealed the build-up phenomenon and fading properties of F<sub>2</sub>, F<sub>2</sub><sup>+</sup>, and F<sub>3</sub><sup>+</sup> centers. Dose response properties immediately after X-ray irradiation showed that F<sub>2</sub> centers dominate at high doses, while F<sub>3</sub><sup>+</sup> centers contribute significantly at lower doses. A linear dose-response relationship was observed from 0.01 to 500 Gy, with a detection limit of 0.009 Gy. These findings position undoped NaF as a promising candidate for practical RPL dosimetry.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":21055,"journal":{"name":"Radiation Measurements","volume":"190 ","pages":"Article 107550"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2025-10-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145468285","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-10-30DOI: 10.1016/j.radmeas.2025.107549
Sang-Jun Han, Bo-Gil Kim, Jun-Seok Kim, Su-Bin Choi
A procedure for the determination of 226Ra in radioactive waste generated from institutions using predominantly single radionuclides was established by combining chemical separation with activity measurement through radioactive equilibrium. Representative matrices such as rubber, wipers, plastic, and stainless steel were selected, and the recovery yields were evaluated as 89.55 %, 78.39 %, 84.56 %, and 91.93 %, respectively. Following 226Ra separation, activity measurements based on the radioactive equilibrium of its progeny nuclides (214Pb and 214Bi) showed excellent agreement with reference values, with the maximum deviation being −3.16 %. The validity of the proposed procedure for chemical separation and activity concentration assessment was further confirmed using a proficiency test material distributed by the national standard institute. These results demonstrate that the developed methodology is appropriate and can serve as a key procedure for characterizing the radiological properties of radioactive waste containing 226Ra.
{"title":"Determination of 226Ra by chemical separation and radioactive equilibrium method","authors":"Sang-Jun Han, Bo-Gil Kim, Jun-Seok Kim, Su-Bin Choi","doi":"10.1016/j.radmeas.2025.107549","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.radmeas.2025.107549","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>A procedure for the determination of <sup>226</sup>Ra in radioactive waste generated from institutions using predominantly single radionuclides was established by combining chemical separation with activity measurement through radioactive equilibrium. Representative matrices such as rubber, wipers, plastic, and stainless steel were selected, and the recovery yields were evaluated as 89.55 %, 78.39 %, 84.56 %, and 91.93 %, respectively. Following <sup>226</sup>Ra separation, activity measurements based on the radioactive equilibrium of its progeny nuclides (<sup>214</sup>Pb and <sup>214</sup>Bi) showed excellent agreement with reference values, with the maximum deviation being −3.16 %. The validity of the proposed procedure for chemical separation and activity concentration assessment was further confirmed using a proficiency test material distributed by the national standard institute. These results demonstrate that the developed methodology is appropriate and can serve as a key procedure for characterizing the radiological properties of radioactive waste containing <sup>226</sup>Ra.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":21055,"journal":{"name":"Radiation Measurements","volume":"190 ","pages":"Article 107549"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2025-10-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145468284","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-10-27DOI: 10.1016/j.radmeas.2025.107548
Michael Discher , Céline Bassinet , Hyoungtaek Kim
Traditional protocols utilizing optically stimulated luminescence (OSL) and thermoluminescence (TL) of surface-mounted devices (SMDs) for retrospective dosimetry have demonstrated promising results, but limitations in sensitivity, especially for a limited number of SMD components, and small sample sizes, have prompted the exploration of alternative methods. The red thermoluminescence (RTL) protocol has emerged as a promising alternative, taking advantage of the strong TL emission of SMD components in the near-infrared spectral range.
The present study investigates the dosimetric performance of red thermoluminescence (TL) emission from surface-mounted devices (SMDs) and its potential for use in accident dosimetry. Key characteristics, such as intrinsic zero-dose signal, signal reproducibility, dose-response relationship, signal stability, and a dose recovery test, were systematically analysed. An irradiation experiment was conducted in which SMDs were exposed to 6 MV X-rays using LINAC, and subsequent dose reconstruction was carried out employing the RTL protocol. The experiments demonstrated that a new RTL protocol yields promising signal intensities, and successful dose reconstruction was achieved even after delayed readout, with fading corrections applied. Dose estimates obtained from single SMD resistors, both reference components and those extracted from a smartwatch, showed good agreement with reference dosimeters, with overestimations between 5 % and 24 %. These findings confirm that the RTL method includes sufficient sensitivity and the ability to analyse very limited sample quantities, particularly in scenarios where signal sensitivity is critical.
{"title":"Evaluating SMD resistors in electronic devices as accident dosimeters using red thermoluminescence","authors":"Michael Discher , Céline Bassinet , Hyoungtaek Kim","doi":"10.1016/j.radmeas.2025.107548","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.radmeas.2025.107548","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Traditional protocols utilizing optically stimulated luminescence (OSL) and thermoluminescence (TL) of surface-mounted devices (SMDs) for retrospective dosimetry have demonstrated promising results, but limitations in sensitivity, especially for a limited number of SMD components, and small sample sizes, have prompted the exploration of alternative methods. The red thermoluminescence (RTL) protocol has emerged as a promising alternative, taking advantage of the strong TL emission of SMD components in the near-infrared spectral range.</div><div>The present study investigates the dosimetric performance of red thermoluminescence (TL) emission from surface-mounted devices (SMDs) and its potential for use in accident dosimetry. Key characteristics, such as intrinsic zero-dose signal, signal reproducibility, dose-response relationship, signal stability, and a dose recovery test, were systematically analysed. An irradiation experiment was conducted in which SMDs were exposed to 6 MV X-rays using LINAC, and subsequent dose reconstruction was carried out employing the RTL protocol. The experiments demonstrated that a new RTL protocol yields promising signal intensities, and successful dose reconstruction was achieved even after delayed readout, with fading corrections applied. Dose estimates obtained from single SMD resistors, both reference components and those extracted from a smartwatch, showed good agreement with reference dosimeters, with overestimations between 5 % and 24 %. These findings confirm that the RTL method includes sufficient sensitivity and the ability to analyse very limited sample quantities, particularly in scenarios where signal sensitivity is critical.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":21055,"journal":{"name":"Radiation Measurements","volume":"190 ","pages":"Article 107548"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2025-10-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145398501","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-10-27DOI: 10.1016/j.radmeas.2025.107547
Massimo Piccinini , Enrico Nichelatti , Valentina Nigro , Adriano Zerbini , Rosa Maria Montereali , Concetta Ronsivalle , Alessandro Ampollini , Maria Aurora Vincenti
In the last years, Fluorescent Nuclear Track Detectors (FNTDs) based on the visible radiophotoluminescence (RPL) of aggregate F2 and F3+ color centers (CCs) in lithium fluoride (LiF) crystals have been demonstrated. On the other hand, optically transparent polycrystalline LiF thin films, grown by thermal evaporation on Si(100) substrates, have been successfully used for proton beam advanced diagnostics, mainly through Bragg curve permanent recording and analysis. In this paper, they were tested as FNTDs for low-energy, nearly monochromatic, collimated proton beams produced by the vertical low-energy extraction line of the TOP-IMPLART proton linear accelerator in operation at ENEA Frascati, Italy. Cleaved LiF films were irradiated with the film plane approximately parallel to the beam propagation direction and the film edge directly exposed to the incident beam. The irradiation caused the formation of CCs along the proton tracks within the film. The luminescent track images were visualized with a fluorescence microscope under blue LED excitation. At the lower energy of ∼1 MeV, it was possible to record single entire proton tracks at a fluence of approximately 108 protons/cm2. Their lengths are comparable with those expected in the LiF film. Increasing the proton energy to ∼6 MeV, the luminescent tracks were observed mainly close to the expected Bragg peak position, i.e., at the penetration depth where it would be found in Si rather than in LiF, due to multiple Coulomb scattering. At both energies, by raising the fluence by two orders of magnitude, the superposition of a very high number of tracks allowed recording the luminescent Bragg curves of the proton beams in the LiF films. They were analyzed using two different methods, considering also the type of substrate and the film characteristics, allowing to estimate the beam energy spectrum. At ∼1 MeV, the Bragg curve was best fitted using a random-optimization approach, while at ∼6 MeV it was reproduced using depth-dose curves simulated in FLUKA.
{"title":"Characterization of low-energy protons by fluorescent nuclear track detectors based on lithium fluoride films on silicon substrates","authors":"Massimo Piccinini , Enrico Nichelatti , Valentina Nigro , Adriano Zerbini , Rosa Maria Montereali , Concetta Ronsivalle , Alessandro Ampollini , Maria Aurora Vincenti","doi":"10.1016/j.radmeas.2025.107547","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.radmeas.2025.107547","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>In the last years, Fluorescent Nuclear Track Detectors (FNTDs) based on the visible radiophotoluminescence (RPL) of aggregate F<sub>2</sub> and F<sub>3</sub><sup>+</sup> color centers (CCs) in lithium fluoride (LiF) crystals have been demonstrated. On the other hand, optically transparent polycrystalline LiF thin films, grown by thermal evaporation on Si(100) substrates, have been successfully used for proton beam advanced diagnostics, mainly through Bragg curve permanent recording and analysis. In this paper, they were tested as FNTDs for low-energy, nearly monochromatic, collimated proton beams produced by the vertical low-energy extraction line of the TOP-IMPLART proton linear accelerator in operation at ENEA Frascati, Italy. Cleaved LiF films were irradiated with the film plane approximately parallel to the beam propagation direction and the film edge directly exposed to the incident beam. The irradiation caused the formation of CCs along the proton tracks within the film. The luminescent track images were visualized with a fluorescence microscope under blue LED excitation. At the lower energy of ∼1 MeV, it was possible to record single entire proton tracks at a fluence of approximately 10<sup>8</sup> protons/cm<sup>2</sup>. Their lengths are comparable with those expected in the LiF film. Increasing the proton energy to ∼6 MeV, the luminescent tracks were observed mainly close to the expected Bragg peak position, i.e., at the penetration depth where it would be found in Si rather than in LiF, due to multiple Coulomb scattering. At both energies, by raising the fluence by two orders of magnitude, the superposition of a very high number of tracks allowed recording the luminescent Bragg curves of the proton beams in the LiF films. They were analyzed using two different methods, considering also the type of substrate and the film characteristics, allowing to estimate the beam energy spectrum. At ∼1 MeV, the Bragg curve was best fitted using a random-optimization approach, while at ∼6 MeV it was reproduced using depth-dose curves simulated in FLUKA.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":21055,"journal":{"name":"Radiation Measurements","volume":"189 ","pages":"Article 107547"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2025-10-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145416912","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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