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Accumulation of oxygen interstitial-vacancy pairs under irradiation of corundum single crystals with energetic xenon ions 用高能氙离子辐照刚玉单晶时氧间隙空位对的积累
IF 1.6 3区 物理与天体物理 Q2 NUCLEAR SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY Pub Date : 2024-10-28 DOI: 10.1016/j.radmeas.2024.107324
Guldar Baubekova , Ruslan Assylbayev , Eduard Feldbach , Aleksei Krasnikov , Irina Kudryavtseva , Alise Podelinska , Viktor Seeman , Evgeni Shablonin , Evgeni Vasil'chenko , Aleksandr Lushchik
Single crystals of α-Al2O3 with broad sides oriented perpendicular to the c crystal axis have been irradiated by 231-MeV xenon ions with fluence varying from 5 × 1011 to 1014 ions/cm2. The spectra of radiation-induced optical absorption (absorption of a pristine crystal is subtracted) have been decomposed into Gaussians serving as a measure of oxygen-related Frenkel defects (interstitial-vacancy pairs). The concentration of all structural defects considered – vacancy-type F and F+ centers as well as oxygen interstitials – continuously increases with ion fluence. Therefore, radiation-induced origin of elementary absorption bands at 5.6 and 6.6 eV tentatively ascribed earlier to charged and neutral oxygen interstitials has been proved for the first time. The concentrations of charged interstitials (in the form of superoxide ions) have been directly determined by the EPR method. The evolution of cathodoluminescence bands typical of self-trapped excitons (VUV band at 7.6 eV) and F-type defects (bands peaked around 3.0 and 3.8 eV) with the rise of Xe-ion-irradiation fluence has been measured and analyzed.
α-Al2O3单晶体的宽边方向垂直于晶体的c轴,受到231-MeV氙离子的辐照,离子流量从5×1011到1014个/cm2不等。辐射诱导的光吸收光谱(原始晶体的吸收被减去)被分解成高斯谱,作为与氧有关的弗伦克尔缺陷(间隙空位对)的测量值。所考虑的所有结构缺陷(空位型 F 和 F+ 中心以及氧间隙)的浓度都会随着离子通量的增加而不断增加。因此,之前暂定为带电和中性氧间隙的 5.6 和 6.6 eV 基本吸收带在辐射诱导下的起源首次得到了证实。带电间隙的浓度(以超氧离子的形式)已通过 EPR 方法直接测定。测量并分析了自俘获激子(7.6 eV 处的紫外波段)和 F 型缺陷(3.0 eV 和 3.8 eV 附近的波段峰值)的阴极发光带随 Xe 离子辐照通量的增加而发生的演变。
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引用次数: 0
Gel dosimetry: An overview of dosimetry systems and read out methods 凝胶剂量测定:剂量测定系统和读出方法概述
IF 1.6 3区 物理与天体物理 Q2 NUCLEAR SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY Pub Date : 2024-10-28 DOI: 10.1016/j.radmeas.2024.107321
Yves De Deene , Andrew Jirasek
<div><div>Gel dosimetry has emerged over the past three decades in response to a growing need in high-precision radiotherapy to assess, in three dimensions, the absorbed radiation dose, as would be administered in cancer patients.</div><div>Radiation-induced reaction mechanisms are dependent on the class of gel dosimeter, with four classes emerging as primary dosimeters for use in radiation therapy dose verification: (i) Fricke gel dosimeters contain a Fricke solution consisting of ammonium iron (II) sulfate in an acidic solution of sulfuric acid. In Fricke systems an oxidation of ferrous ions results in a change in the nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) relaxation rate, which enables reading out Fricke gel dosimeters by use of MRI. The radiation-induced oxidation in Fricke gel dosimeters can also be visualized by adding a redox indicator. (ii) Polymer gel dosimeters exploit the radiation induced polymerization reaction of vinyl monomers and are predominantly read out by quantitative MRI or X-ray CT. (iii) Radiochromic dosimeters do not demonstrate a significant radiation-induced change in NMR properties but can be scanned by use of optical scanners (optical CT). In contrast to Fricke gel dosimeters, radiochromic gel dosimeters do not rely on the oxidation of a metal ion but exhibit a color change upon radiation. (iv) Radiofluorogenic dosimeters become fluorescent when exposed to ionizing radiation and can be read out with a planar scanning light beam.</div><div>Likewise, the imaging modality used to extract quantitative dose information depends on the class of dosimeter being used, and three primary imaging modalities have emerged in this context: quantitative MRI, x-ray CT, and optical CT imaging. The accuracy and precision of the dose information extracted from gel dosimetry systems depends on both the dosimetric properties of the gel dosimeters and the readout technique, and the optimal readout method depends on the gel dosimeter response.</div><div>Despite remaining an active field of research and illustrations of the application of gel dosimetry for the validation of clinical dose distributions, the utilization of gel dosimetry as a routine clinical dosimeter has been rather limited. However, with the introduction of new radiotherapy techniques that focus on organ motion compensation, new fractionation schemes, and extreme dose rates, the need for 3D radiation dosimetry is apparent. Even with the need for 3D dosimetry being apparent, gel dosimetry faces continued challenges in areas regarding the extraction of reproducible, accurate, and precise dose information.</div><div>This review paper focuses on an introduction to gel dosimeter classes; a detailed examination of the three readout techniques with emphasis on the achievable accuracy, precision, and optimization of readout parameters; an outlook on future applications in emerging new radiotherapy techniques. We note that the introduction of theragnostic hybrid MRI-Linacs that combine an MR
辐射诱导反应机制取决于凝胶剂量计的类别,有四类剂量计成为放射治疗剂量验证的主要剂量计:(i) 弗里克凝胶剂量计含有弗里克溶液,由硫酸酸性溶液中的硫酸铁(II)铵组成。在 Fricke 系统中,亚铁离子的氧化会导致核磁共振(NMR)弛豫速率的变化,从而可以利用核磁共振读出 Fricke 凝胶剂量计。通过添加氧化还原指示剂,也可观察到辐射在弗里克凝胶剂量计中引起的氧化。(ii) 聚合物凝胶剂量计利用乙烯基单体的辐射诱导聚合反应,主要通过磁共振成像或 X 射线 CT 定量读出。(iii) 放射性变色剂量计的核磁共振特性不会因辐射而发生显著变化,但可通过光学扫描仪(光学 CT)进行扫描。与弗里克凝胶剂量计不同,放射性变色凝胶剂量计不依赖金属离子的氧化,而是在辐射时显示颜色变化。(同样,用于提取定量剂量信息的成像模式取决于所使用的剂量计类别,在这方面出现了三种主要的成像模式:定量核磁共振成像、X 射线 CT 和光学 CT 成像。从凝胶剂量计系统中提取的剂量信息的准确性和精确度取决于凝胶剂量计的剂量学特性和读出技术,而最佳读出方法取决于凝胶剂量计的响应。尽管凝胶剂量计在临床剂量分布验证方面的应用仍是一个活跃的研究领域和例证,但凝胶剂量计作为常规临床剂量计的应用却相当有限。然而,随着以器官运动补偿为重点的新放疗技术、新的分割方案和极高剂量率的引入,对三维放射剂量测定的需求显而易见。本综述主要介绍凝胶剂量计的种类;详细研究三种读出技术,重点是可实现的准确度、精确度和读出参数的优化;展望未来在新兴放射治疗技术中的应用。我们注意到,将核磁共振成像扫描仪和临床直线加速器结合在一起的混合核磁共振成像-直线加速器为在线聚合物凝胶剂量测定创造了新的机会。同样,在直线加速器上使用锥形束 CT 也为在直线加速器上读出凝胶剂量计提供了可能。多种光学 CT 设计表明,光学 CT 凝胶剂量测定能够从临床相关的治疗方案中提供高质量的剂量信息。因此,凝胶剂量测定为三维辐射剂量测定提供了令人兴奋的机会,而这在几年前是无法实现的。正确执行凝胶剂量测定工作流程的独特功能集可以提取三维剂量信息,这是其他任何剂量测定系统都无法做到的,因此凝胶剂量测定为辐射剂量测量领域的临床和研究工作提供了令人兴奋的机会。
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引用次数: 0
Evaluation of a portable OSL/IRSL reader for radiation dose assessment of NaCl pellets – In situ individualised screening during R/N emergencies 评估用于氯化钠颗粒辐射剂量评估的便携式 OSL/IRSL 阅读器--R/N 紧急情况下的现场个性化筛查
IF 1.6 3区 物理与天体物理 Q2 NUCLEAR SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY Pub Date : 2024-10-26 DOI: 10.1016/j.radmeas.2024.107323
Maria Karampiperi, Christopher L. Rääf, Christian Bernhardsson
Household salt, Sodium Chloride (NaCl), has been suggested as an appropriate material for retrospective and prospective optically stimulated luminescence (OSL) radiation dosimetry. The current paper investigates the potential application of NaCl pellets during a radiological and/or nuclear emergency, together with an existing portable reader, for application as a novel tool for in situ screening of individual doses in exposed populations.
The evaluation of the portable reader's performance was assessed based on OSL and infra-red stimulated luminescence (IRSL) methods and the results were compared to two research readers, Risø TL/OSL (DA-20 and DA-15). For the studied absorbed dose range (0.63–487 mGy), it was found that five pellets are needed in the portable reader to achieve a similar OSL signal magnitude as using one pellet in the two research readers. The OSL results of the three readers show similar minimum detectable dose (MDD) values and similar linear trends for the obtained OSL dose response curves, within the studied dose range. The IRSL results show a lower IRSL signal for the portable reader, leading to higher MDD values compared to the stationary readers. The MDD can reach down to 2.3 and 47 μGy, respectively, for OSL and IRSL measurements of NaCl with the SUERC portable reader.
Furthermore, sensitization tests show a dose dependent increase in the OSL and IRSL signals. In addition, the possibility of reading the same pellets more than once was confirmed through an advanced protocol, which combines multiple read-outs, and a time delay test. If a combination of OSL and IRSL measurements is applied, it is important to adjust the stimulation length if the first is OSL, while in the case that the first measurement is IRSL, the OSL signal is independent of the IRSL stimulation length.
家用盐氯化钠(NaCl)被认为是一种适用于回顾性和前瞻性光激发发光(OSL)辐射剂量测定的材料。本文研究了在辐射和/或核紧急情况下将氯化钠颗粒与现有的便携式读数器结合使用的可能性,并将其作为一种新型工具用于对受辐射人群的个人剂量进行现场筛查。根据 OSL 和红外激发发光(IRSL)方法对便携式读数器的性能进行了评估,并将评估结果与两台研究型读数器 Risø TL/OSL (DA-20 和 DA-15)进行了比较。研究发现,在所研究的吸收剂量范围(0.63-487 mGy)内,便携式阅读器需要使用五个颗粒才能获得与两台研究型阅读器使用一个颗粒相似的 OSL 信号幅度。在所研究的剂量范围内,三种阅读器的 OSL 结果显示出相似的最小可检测剂量 (MDD) 值和相似的 OSL 剂量响应曲线线性趋势。IRSL 结果显示,便携式阅读器的 IRSL 信号较低,导致 MDD 值高于固定式阅读器。使用 SUERC 便携式读取器对氯化钠进行 OSL 和 IRSL 测量时,MDD 分别可低至 2.3 和 47 μGy。此外,通过结合多次读出和时间延迟测试的先进方案,确认了对同一颗粒进行多次读取的可能性。如果结合使用 OSL 和 IRSL 测量,如果第一次测量的是 OSL,则必须调整刺激长度;如果第一次测量的是 IRSL,则 OSL 信号与 IRSL 刺激长度无关。
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引用次数: 0
Contributions of cosmic-ray components to the HPGe gamma spectrometer background spectrum within the 0°–45° Zenith angle range 天顶角 0°-45°范围内宇宙射线成分对 HPGe 伽马分光计背景光谱的贡献
IF 1.6 3区 物理与天体物理 Q2 NUCLEAR SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY Pub Date : 2024-10-23 DOI: 10.1016/j.radmeas.2024.107322
Vo Hong Hai , Nguyen Quoc Hung , Nguyen Tri Toan Phuc , Masaharu Nomachi
This study investigates the contributions of various cosmic-ray-induced components to the energy response of a High-Purity Germanium (HPGe) gamma spectrometer within the 0°–45° zenith angle range. The analysis focuses on muons, neutrons, protons, electrons, positrons, and photons. It also examines the impact of particle showers induced by muons interacting with the lead chamber and reaching the HPGe detector. Utilizing the GEANT4 simulation toolkit, we provide a detailed examination of these components' influence on the spectrum. The results confirm that within this zenith angle range, muons account for approximately 91% of the recorded cosmic-ray induced energy spectrum and contribute 54.6% to the overall cosmic-ray-induced background spectrum. The study also highlights the significant role of showers, especially those resulting from muon interactions with the lead shielding, in shaping the low-energy spectrum below 3 MeV.
这项研究调查了高纯锗(HPGe)伽马能谱仪在 0°-45°天顶角范围内的能量响应中各种宇宙射线诱导成分的贡献。分析的重点是μ介子、中子、质子、电子、正电子和光子。它还研究了μ介子与铅室相互作用并到达 HPGe 探测器所引发的粒子群的影响。利用 GEANT4 仿真工具包,我们详细研究了这些成分对光谱的影响。结果证实,在这一天顶角范围内,μ介子约占所记录的宇宙射线诱导能谱的91%,对整个宇宙射线诱导背景谱的贡献率为54.6%。该研究还强调了阵列,特别是μ介子与铅屏蔽相互作用产生的阵列,在形成 3 MeV 以下低能谱方面的重要作用。
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引用次数: 0
A Review of the Lawrence Livermore Nuclear Accident Dosimeter 1980s-present 劳伦斯-利弗莫尔核事故剂量计回顾 1980 年代至今
IF 1.6 3区 物理与天体物理 Q2 NUCLEAR SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY Pub Date : 2024-10-17 DOI: 10.1016/j.radmeas.2024.107309
P.K. Witter , B. Champine , A.S. Tamashiro , P. Maggi
A Nuclear Accident Dosimetry program is a federal requirement for all facilities that have the potential to have a criticality accident. Personnel Nuclear Accident Dosimeter (PNAD) theory and analytical procedures are driven by various scientific needs and interacting regulations. A brief history of the status of USA Department of Energy (DOE) nuclear accident dosimetry regulations, recommendations, and performance testing criteria are given. Then, the history of the Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory (LLNL) PNAD is explored, including changes in the physical dosimeter and adjustments of the analysis method through the last four decades. Finally, the performance of LLNL’s PNAD at criticality accident intercomparison training exercises since 2009 is explored. In general, reported neutron doses have been within or close to DOE-STD-1098 performance criteria while reported gamma doses have been outside of DOE-STD-1098 performance criteria. Reported total absorbed doses have varied in meeting ANSI/HPS N13.3 and ANSI/HPS N13.3 (R2019) performance criteria. Dosimetry staff retirement and turnover have left historical knowledge gaps, yet provided opportunities within the NAD program at LLNL. This review paper serves as an overview of the history and status of the NAD program. Brief technical, procedural and programmatic recommendations to improve LLNL’s NAD program are given. Technical recommendations include investigating orientation factors through modeling or empirical experimentation, investigating gamma dosimetry methods for high-dose scenarios, and exploring other dosimetric methods for simpler, quicker NAD analysis. Procedural recommendations include better documentation of conversion factor (activity-to-fluence and fluence-to-dose) derivations and spectrum uses, and updated analysis spreadsheets or simple Graphic User Interfaces for dose calculations. Programmatic recommendations include formalized training for NAD analysts, and having multiple SMEs trained on the NAD program.
核事故剂量测定计划是联邦对所有可能发生临界事故的设施的要求。人员核事故剂量计 (PNAD) 理论和分析程序受各种科学需求和交互法规的驱动。本文简要介绍了美国能源部(DOE)核事故剂量测定法规、建议和性能测试标准的现状。然后,探讨了劳伦斯利弗莫尔国家实验室(LLNL)PNAD 的历史,包括过去四十年中物理剂量计的变化和分析方法的调整。最后,探讨了劳伦斯利弗莫尔国家实验室的 PNAD 自 2009 年以来在临界事故相互比对训练演习中的表现。总体而言,报告的中子剂量一直在 DOE-STD-1098 性能标准之内或接近该标准,而报告的伽马剂量一直在 DOE-STD-1098 性能标准之外。报告的总吸收剂量在满足 ANSI/HPS N13.3 和 ANSI/HPS N13.3 (R2019) 性能标准方面存在差异。剂量测定人员的退休和流动留下了历史性的知识空白,但也为 LLNL 的 NAD 计划提供了机会。本回顾文件概述了 NAD 计划的历史和现状。文中简要介绍了改进 LLNL NAD 计划的技术、程序和计划建议。技术建议包括通过建模或经验实验研究定向因素,研究高剂量情况下的伽马剂量测定方 法,以及探索其他剂量测定方法以进行更简单、更快速的 NAD 分析。程序方面的建议包括更好地记录转换系数(放射性活度-荧光和荧光-剂量)的推导和频谱用途,更新剂量计算的分析电子表格或简单的图形用户界面。程序方面的建议包括对 NAD 分析人员进行正式培训,以及让多个 SME 接受 NAD 程序方面的培训。
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引用次数: 0
Performance of a BeO-based dosimetry system for proton and electron beam dose measurements 基于氧化铍的剂量测定系统在质子和电子束剂量测量中的性能
IF 1.6 3区 物理与天体物理 Q2 NUCLEAR SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY Pub Date : 2024-10-16 DOI: 10.1016/j.radmeas.2024.107310
Lily Bossin , Riccardo Dal Bello , Jeppe Brage Christensen , Stefan Schischke , Silvia Motta , Michele Togno , Eduardo Gardenali Yukihara
This study aims to evaluate the performance of the BeO-based myOSLchip system (RadPro International GmbH, Remscheid, Germany) for dosimetry of proton and electron radiotherapy beams. Although beryllium oxide (BeO) has been recognised as a promising material for luminescence dosimetry in radiotherapy, this research extends beyond material properties and examines the entire BeO-based dosimetry system, including the detector, holder, and readout components.
Packages of myOSLchip dosimeters were irradiated either in a (70230) MeV proton beam or in a 16 MeV electron beam. The readouts were carried out using the portable myOSLchip reader. In the electron beam, tests on the precision, dose response up to 100 Gy and dose-rate effects of the system were carried out. In the proton beam, the system was tested for its dose response (up to 10 Gy), fading, and linear energy transfer (LET) response.
For proton irradiations, the myOSLchip BeO OSLDs exhibited stability within 2% over 135 days, as well as a linear dose response in the tested range, (0.110) Gy. The efficiency showed a reduction for proton beams with LET values (for water) above 0.6 keV/μm, with up to 40% loss in efficiency at 4 keV/μm. For the electron irradiations, they showed a linear dose–response up to 20 Gy and dose-rate independence, with a constant response at least up to 2.99 × 105 Gy s−1. Using individual dosimeter sensitivity correction, the precision for a single dosimeter was around 3.5% (standard deviation of the data of all dosimeters) and for a package comprising four dosimeters was 1.7% (standard deviation of the mean of the four dosimeters).
These findings suggest the myOSLchip system’s potential as a reliable alternative to existing dosimetry systems in clinical applications.
本研究旨在评估基于氧化铍的 myOSLchip 系统(RadPro International GmbH,德国雷姆沙伊德)在质子和电子放射治疗束剂量测定方面的性能。虽然氧化铍(BeO)已被认为是放射治疗中一种很有前途的发光剂量测定材料,但本研究并不局限于材料特性,而是对整个基于氧化铍的剂量测定系统进行了研究,包括探测器、支架和读出组件。使用便携式 myOSLchip 读取器进行读取。在电子束中,对系统的精确度、100 Gy 以下的剂量响应和剂量率效应进行了测试。对于质子辐照,myOSLchip BeO OSLD 在 135 天内表现出 2% 的稳定性,并在测试范围(0.1-10)Gy 内表现出线性剂量响应。对于 LET 值(对水而言)高于 0.6 keV/μm 的质子束,效率有所下降,在 4 keV/μm 时效率下降达 40%。对于电子辐照,它们显示出高达 20 Gy 的线性剂量反应和剂量率独立性,至少在 2.99 × 105 Gy s-1 时反应恒定。使用单个剂量计灵敏度校正,单个剂量计的精确度约为3.5%(所有剂量计数据的标准偏差),而由四个剂量计组成的套件的精确度为1.7%(四个剂量计平均值的标准偏差)。
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引用次数: 0
Radiophotoluminescence from Au-doped soda-lime silicate glass 掺金钠钙硅酸盐玻璃的放射光致发光
IF 1.6 3区 物理与天体物理 Q2 NUCLEAR SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY Pub Date : 2024-10-16 DOI: 10.1016/j.radmeas.2024.107320
Hiroki Kawamoto, Yutaka Fujimoto, Keisuke Asai
Radiophotoluminescence (RPL) is the phenomenon of emission from luminescence centers formed by ionizing radiation (RPL centers) and is applied in dosimeters. Knowledge regarding the development of RPL materials is limited and development of new RPL materials is required. In this study, we investigate the RPL properties of Au-doped soda-lime silicate glass. After X-ray irradiation, an emission band appeared at 650–900 nm upon excitation at 330 nm, and the emission intensity increased linearly in the dose range of 3.72–100 Gy. The UV–vis absorption, photoluminescence, and electron spin resonance spectroscopy revealed that the Au dimer, non-bridged oxygen hole center, and E’ center (electrons trapped in the glass host) were formed by ionizing radiation. The Au dimer acts as the RPL center. In addition, build-up, that is, progressive formation of RPL centers at room temperature, was completed in 20 min, and bleaching by 330 nm light was induced in Au-doped soda-lime silicate glass.
放射光致发光(RPL)是电离辐射形成的发光中心(RPL 中心)的发射现象,被应用于剂量计中。有关 RPL 材料发展的知识有限,因此需要开发新的 RPL 材料。在本研究中,我们研究了掺金钠钙硅酸盐玻璃的 RPL 特性。经 X 射线辐照后,在 330 nm 处激发时,发射带出现在 650-900 nm 处,发射强度在 3.72-100 Gy 剂量范围内线性增加。紫外-可见吸收、光致发光和电子自旋共振光谱显示,电离辐射形成了金二聚体、非桥接氧空穴中心和 E'中心(被困在玻璃宿主中的电子)。金二聚体充当了 RPL 中心。此外,金掺杂的钠钙硅酸盐玻璃在 20 分钟内完成了堆积,即在室温下逐步形成 RPL 中心,并在 330 纳米光的照射下诱导漂白。
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引用次数: 0
Preliminary study of a compact epithermal neutron absolute flux intensity measurement system for real-time in-vivo dose monitoring in boron neutron capture therapy 用于硼中子俘获疗法中实时体内剂量监测的紧凑型外延中子绝对通量强度测量系统的初步研究
IF 1.6 3区 物理与天体物理 Q2 NUCLEAR SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY Pub Date : 2024-10-10 DOI: 10.1016/j.radmeas.2024.107308
Jiye Qiu , Daisuke Hatano , Yulin Ge , Nikolaos Voulgaris , Kohei Sagara , Zhaopeng Qiao , Shingo Tamaki , Sachie Kusaka , Takushi Takata , Isao Murata
Boron neutron capture therapy (BNCT) is a radiotherapy technology that selectively kills tumor cells via the 10B(n, α)7Li reactions. Epithermal neutrons (0.5 eV–10 keV) are emitted and converted into thermal neutrons, which have a larger neutron capture reaction cross-section, by slowing down in the human body before reaching the tumor. Recently, the development of an epithermal neutron absolute flux intensity measurement technique has become crucial for real-time in-vivo dose monitoring in BNCT. In this study, a concept for a measurement system consisting of multiple compact scintillator with optical fibers detectors covered with neutron absorbers of various thicknesses is proposed. The designed system achieves a consistent response to epithermal neutrons with a theoretical coefficient of variation not higher than 5% for both LiCAF and EJ-254 scintillators. The theoretical feasibility of the proposed measurement system was investigated by an irradiation experiment carried out at the heavy water neutron irradiation facility at the Kyoto University Reactor. The experimental results indicated that further improvement and refinement are necessary to meet the high accuracy and precision required for real-time dose monitoring in clinical applications.
硼中子俘获疗法(BNCT)是一种通过10B(n, α)7Li反应选择性杀死肿瘤细胞的放射治疗技术。表层中子(0.5 eV-10 keV)在到达肿瘤之前,会在人体内减速并转化为热中子,后者具有更大的中子俘获反应截面。近来,表皮中子绝对通量强度测量技术的发展已成为 BNCT 实时体内剂量监测的关键。本研究提出了一种测量系统概念,该系统由多个紧凑型闪烁体和光纤探测器组成,探测器上覆盖有不同厚度的中子吸收体。所设计的系统对表热中子的响应一致,LiCAF 和 EJ-254 闪烁器的理论变异系数均不高于 5%。在京都大学反应堆重水中子辐照设施进行的辐照实验研究了所提测量系统的理论可行性。实验结果表明,要达到临床应用中实时剂量监测所需的高准确度和精确度,还需要进一步改进和完善。
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引用次数: 0
Assessing dose rate effects in TL and OSL dosimeters: A critical look into dose rate models 评估 TL 和 OSL 剂量计的剂量率效应:对剂量率模型的批判性研究
IF 1.6 3区 物理与天体物理 Q2 NUCLEAR SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY Pub Date : 2024-10-10 DOI: 10.1016/j.radmeas.2024.107305
S. Motta, E.G. Yukihara
This work investigates theoretically possible dose rate effects in thermoluminescence (TL) and optically stimulated luminescence (OSL) materials by solving the rate equations for the stimulated luminescence process. Starting with the solution of the One-Trap–One-Recombination-Center (OTOR) model with parameters from the literature, we first showed that this model, with the chosen parameters, does not reproduce real luminescent material properties (e.g., TL curve and dose response). We then studied the physical phenomena responsible for dose rate effects in this model, and the influence of the model parameters on the dose rate response. As a result, we found that charge accumulation in the delocalized bands over unrealistic long periods (> hundreds of seconds) is responsible for dose rate effects. Such effect is caused by the particular choice of model parameters. When model parameters based on physical considerations and experimental results are chosen, no dose rate effects are observed. This work provides a deeper understanding of the luminescence process, by identifying the mechanisms that could be responsible for dose rate effects, and a theoretical foundation to the use of luminescent detectors for ultra-high dose rate dosimetry.
这项研究通过求解受激发光过程的速率方程,从理论上研究了热致发光(TL)和光致发光(OSL)材料中可能存在的剂量率效应。从使用文献中的参数求解 "一个俘获-一个重组-中心"(OTOR)模型开始,我们首先证明了该模型与所选参数不能再现真实的发光材料特性(如 TL 曲线和剂量响应)。然后,我们研究了该模型中造成剂量率效应的物理现象,以及模型参数对剂量率响应的影响。结果我们发现,电荷在不切实际的长周期(数百秒)内聚集在分散带中是造成剂量率效应的原因。这种效应是由特定的模型参数选择造成的。如果根据物理因素和实验结果选择模型参数,则不会观察到剂量率效应。这项研究通过确定可能导致剂量率效应的机制,加深了对发光过程的理解,并为将发光探测器用于超高剂量率剂量测定奠定了理论基础。
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引用次数: 0
Dose conversion in retrospective dosimetry: Results and implications from an inter-laboratory comparison featuring a realistic exposure scenario 回顾性剂量测定中的剂量转换:以真实暴露场景为特点的实验室间比较的结果和影响
IF 1.6 3区 物理与天体物理 Q2 NUCLEAR SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY Pub Date : 2024-10-09 DOI: 10.1016/j.radmeas.2024.107307
Jonathan Eakins , Michael Discher , Hyoungtaek Kim , Min Chae Kim , Hanjin Lee , Jungil Lee , Olivier Van Hoey , Hyungjoon Yu , Elizabeth Ainsbury , Céline Bassinet , Stephen McKeever , Sergey Sholom , Francois Trompier , Lovisa Waldner , Clemens Woda
Dose conversion coefficients attempt to harmonize the material-, location-, and exposure-dependent results from retrospective dosemeters. The issues and uncertainties arising from dose conversion are explored within the framework of an interlaboratory comparison exercise in which mobile phones were positioned around anthropomorphic phantoms and exposed to non-uniform photon fields, with the glass and resistors they contain employed as fortuitous dosemeters. The difficulties of adopting pre-calculated tables of generic conversion coefficients are evaluated first, and then compared against those arising through the use of bespoke data derived by Monte Carlo modelling, and also against not converting the doses measured by the phones. It is seen that the different subjective choices that users might make when selecting ‘optimal’ generic data can lead to a significant source of uncertainty (up to around 70 %), though may be improved (to around 30 %) by appropriate quality controls. Use of generic coefficients typically led to over-estimates of the organ doses: an average discrepancy of ca. a factor of 2 was found, but this is still better than the factor of around 3 observed when no conversion coefficients were applied. Use of bespoke conversion factors led to the best estimates of organ doses, although they still over-estimated by approximately 1.5 on average, and an uncertainty of around 20 % was associated with generating their values. Overall, applying bespoke conversion data improves but does not guarantee correct dose categorization of individuals, with the inconsistences in the measured results found generally to be the limiting factor in obtaining accurate dose assessments.
剂量换算系数试图协调来自回顾性剂量计的与材料、位置和照射有关的结果。我们在实验室间比较活动的框架内探讨了剂量换算引起的问题和不确定性,在该活动中,移动电话被放置在拟人模型周围,暴露在非均匀光子场中,其中的玻璃和电阻被用作偶然剂量计。首先评估了采用预先计算的通用换算系数表的困难,然后将其与使用蒙特卡洛模型得出的定制数据以及不换算手机测量的剂量所产生的困难进行比较。结果表明,用户在选择 "最佳 "通用数据时可能会做出不同的主观选择,这会导致很大的不确定性(高达约 70%),但通过适当的质量控制可以改善(约 30%)。使用通用系数通常会导致器官剂量估计过高:平均差异约为 2 倍,但仍好于未使用换算系数时的 3 倍左右。使用定制的换算系数可得出器官剂量的最佳估计值,但平均仍高估了约 1.5 倍,而且在生成其值时存在约 20% 的不确定性。总体而言,应用定制的换算数据可以改善但不能保证对个体进行正确的剂量分类,测量结果的不一致性通常被认为是获得准确剂量评估的限制因素。
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Radiation Measurements
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