Radiation Measurements最新文献

英文中文

Study on a rapid measurement method for the deposition velocity of 220Rn progeny based on an imaging plate 基于成像板的220Rn子代沉积速度快速测量方法研究

IF 2.2 3区物理与天体物理 Q2 NUCLEAR SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY

Radiation Measurements

Pub Date : 2026-01-15 DOI: 10.1016/j.radmeas.2026.107620

Yufan Liu, Kexin Wang, Wenjie Xu, Jialu Feng, Tao Ao, Lidan Lv, Qingzhi Zhou, Zhengzhong He

The study of the deposition behavior of

^{220} Rn

progeny is crucial for the assessment of public and occupational radiation doses and for controlling progeny concentration in a thoron chamber. To address the difficulty of maintaining stable environmental conditions over long durations when studying deposition velocity variations, a rapid and accurate method for the deposition velocity measurement of

^{220} Rn

progeny is proposed in this study, based on a BAS-TR imaging plate (IP), which has advantages of high sensitivity, large detection area and portability. In this research, measurement procedures were optimized based on the analysis of uncertainty, whereby the total time for a single measurement can be limited within 8 h. A dedicated Python program was developed for the automatic processing of IP count data, and key parameters such as IP detection efficiency, IP scanner sensitivity, and IP fading correction were determined through experiments. Comparative experiment was conducted between IP and a calibrated alpha spectroscopy, with results showing good agreement between two method. This method was preliminarily applied on

^{220} Rn

progeny deposition velocity measurement using collection plates of different sizes. Compared to traditional techniques, multi-sample, large-area measurements of deposition velocity can be completed within 8 hours using the proposed method, thereby providing an new efficient approach for the study of the deposition of

^{220} Rn

progeny and other radionuclides.

研究220Rn子体的沉积行为对于评估公众和职业辐射剂量以及控制钍室子体浓度至关重要。针对研究沉积速度变化时难以长时间保持稳定环境条件的问题，本研究提出了一种基于BAS-TR成像板（IP）的220Rn子代沉积速度快速准确测量方法，该方法具有灵敏度高、检测面积大、便携性好等优点。本研究在不确定度分析的基础上对测量程序进行了优化，将单次测量的总时间控制在8 h以内。开发了专用Python程序对IP计数数据进行自动处理，并通过实验确定了IP检测效率、IP扫描器灵敏度、IP衰落校正等关键参数。将IP法与标定后的α光谱法进行了对比实验，结果表明两者吻合较好。该方法初步应用于不同尺寸采集板的220Rn子代沉积速度测量。与传统方法相比，该方法可在8小时内完成多样品、大面积的沉积速度测量，为研究220Rn子代及其他放射性核素的沉积提供了一种新的高效方法。

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引用次数: 0

Commissioning of radiophotoluminescent dosimetry system for radiotherapy dosimetry audits - feasibility and pilot study results in Bulgaria 用于放射治疗剂量测定审计的放射光致发光剂量测定系统的调试——保加利亚的可行性和试点研究结果

IF 2.2 3区物理与天体物理 Q2 NUCLEAR SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY

Radiation Measurements

Pub Date : 2026-01-14 DOI: 10.1016/j.radmeas.2026.107619

Gueorgui Gueorguiev , Tsvetelina Todorova , Bozhidar Vladimirov , Filip Simeonov , Katia Sergieva

This study depicts how a nationwide remote dosimetry audit (RDA) system in radiotherapy, utilizing radiophotoluminescent dosemeters, was commissioned and validated in Bulgaria. The work outlines the commissioning process of the dosimetry system, presents the organization of the RDA feasibility study, and describes how a preliminary clinical audit was carried out in Bulgaria, with determination of absorbed dose correction factors as an integral part of the commissioning process. After successful commissioning of the RDA system, the dosimetric accuracy of the absorbed dose to water at the reference point under reference conditions was evaluated during both the feasibility study and the clinical audit. Across all investigated photon beam energies (6 MV, 10 MV, 15 MV, 6 MV FFF, and 10 MV FFF), the differences between the stated doses and the RPLD-measured doses ranged from −1.5 % to +4.0 % during the feasibility phase and from −1.5 % to +2.0 % during the first clinical audits, with all deviations remaining well within the ±5 % acceptance tolerance. The findings of the feasibility study and the preliminary clinical results indicate that the proposed RDA methodology is viable for implementation in Bulgarian radiotherapy centers.

本研究描述了如何在保加利亚使用放射光致发光剂量计进行全国范围的放射治疗远程剂量审计（RDA）系统的委托和验证。该工作概述了剂量测定系统的调试过程，介绍了RDA可行性研究的组织，并描述了如何在保加利亚进行初步临床审计，并将确定吸收剂量校正系数作为调试过程的一个组成部分。在RDA系统成功调试后，在可行性研究和临床审核期间，评估了参考条件下参考点对水的吸收剂量的剂量学准确性。在所有研究的光子束能量（6 MV、10 MV、15 MV、6 MV FFF和10 MV FFF）中，所述剂量与rpld测量剂量之间的差异在可行性阶段为- 1.5%至+ 4.0%，在第一次临床审计期间为- 1.5%至+ 2.0%，所有偏差都保持在±5%的可接受公差范围内。可行性研究的结果和初步临床结果表明，拟议的RDA方法在保加利亚放射治疗中心实施是可行的。

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引用次数: 0

Uniformity of heating across sample holders during luminescence measurements 发光测量时样品夹加热均匀性

IF 2.2 3区物理与天体物理 Q2 NUCLEAR SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY

Radiation Measurements

Pub Date : 2026-01-13 DOI: 10.1016/j.radmeas.2026.107617

J.A. Winzar, G.A.T. Duller, H.M. Roberts

For luminescence research, samples are often heated prior to and/or during measurement to measure the thermoluminescence (TL) signal or to remove charge from shallow traps. The reproducibility and repeatability of luminescence measurements will be influenced by how consistently and uniformly the samples are heated, both within a single aliquot and between different readers or sample positions. While the effects of temperature lag during heating have been intensively studied, the spatial uniformity of temperature across samples has received less attention.

This study presents spatially-resolved measurements of the temperature of the heating strip, a steel cup and an aluminium single grain disc in a Risø TL/OSL DA20 reader. Temperature is calculated using black body emissions from the three materials, detected with an Electron Multiplying Charge Coupled Device (EMCCD). The results show that temperature is not spatially uniform across any of the three materials, although the degree of variation differs between them. The largest temperature variation is observed across the steel cup (∼18 % at a temperature of 500 °C), followed by the heating strip (∼8 % at a temperature of 500 °C), and then the single grain disc (∼2 % at a temperature of 250 °C). The steel cup also has greater anisotropy in temperature compared to the single grain disc. This study suggests that spatial variation in temperature can be minimised by using sample holders made of materials with high thermal conductivity (e.g. aluminium or silver), and that the impact of thermal variation can be reduced by restricting samples to the central portion of a sample holder (e.g. the central 2 mm of a sample holder (i.e. ‘small aliquots’)).

对于发光研究，通常在测量之前和/或测量期间对样品进行加热，以测量热释光（TL）信号或从浅阱中去除电荷。发光测量的再现性和可重复性将受到样品加热的一致性和均匀性的影响，无论是在单个等温线内还是在不同的读取器或样品位置之间。虽然加热过程中温度滞后的影响已经得到了深入的研究，但样品间温度的空间均匀性却受到较少的关注。本研究提出了在Risø TL/OSL DA20读取器中加热带，钢杯和铝单晶粒盘的空间分辨率测量。用电子倍增电荷耦合器件（EMCCD）检测三种材料的黑体辐射来计算温度。结果表明，三种材料的温度在空间上并不均匀，尽管它们之间的变化程度不同。温度变化最大的是钢杯（在500℃温度下为~ 18%），其次是加热带（在500℃温度下为~ 8%），然后是单晶圆盘（在250℃温度下为~ 2%）。与单晶粒圆盘相比，钢杯在温度上也具有更大的各向异性。该研究表明，可以通过使用高导热材料（例如铝或银）制成的样品架来最小化温度的空间变化，并且可以通过将样品限制在样品架的中心部分（例如样品架的中心2毫米（即“小等分”））来减少热变化的影响。

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引用次数: 0

A new method for the determination of 210Po in environmental samples using plastic scintillation resins 建立了用塑料闪烁树脂测定环境样品中210Po的新方法

IF 2.2 3区物理与天体物理 Q2 NUCLEAR SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY

Radiation Measurements

Pub Date : 2026-01-12 DOI: 10.1016/j.radmeas.2026.107618

Jordi Rotger , Joana Tent , Hector Bagán , Anna Rigol , Àlex Tarancón

We have developed a new method using a selective plastic scintillation resin (PSresin) based on Aliquat-336 for analysing ²¹⁰Po in water samples. The PSresin effectively isolates ²¹⁰Po while removing main interferences such as ²¹⁰Pb and ²¹⁰Bi by loading the sample in a HCl 1 mol L⁻¹ medium and rinsing with HCl 1 mol L⁻¹ and 6.25 mol L⁻¹, consecutively. We optimized the rinse volumes and conducted a search for suitable chemical analogues of polonium to be used as tracers throughout the procedure. Zinc and cadmium were identified as the most suitable elements for preconcentration and separation of ²¹⁰Po on the PSresin. We compared our PSresin method with reference methods (UNE-EN ISO 13161 and IAEA/AQ/12) based on alpha spectrometry by analysing drinking water samples. The results showed that the PSresin method is faster and provides accurate results, although the alpha spectrometry methods achieve lower detection limits.

我们开发了一种基于Aliquat-336的选择性塑料闪烁树脂（PSresin）分析水样中210Po的新方法。通过将样品装于HCl 1 mol L−1介质中，连续用HCl 1 mol L−1和6.25 mol L−1洗涤，PSresin可以有效地分离210Po，同时去除210Pb和210Bi等主要干扰。我们优化了漂洗体积，并在整个过程中寻找合适的化学类似物作为示踪剂。锌和镉是最适合在PSresin上富集分离210Po的元素。通过对饮用水样品的α光谱分析，将PSresin方法与参考方法（UNE-EN ISO 13161和IAEA/AQ/12）进行了比较。结果表明，虽然α光谱法的检出限较低，但PSresin法速度更快，结果准确。

引用次数: 0

Swift heavy ion and UV irradiation of natural cryolite (Na3AlF6) 天然冰晶石（Na3AlF6）的快速重离子和紫外辐照

IF 2.2 3区物理与天体物理 Q2 NUCLEAR SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY

Radiation Measurements

Pub Date : 2026-01-09 DOI: 10.1016/j.radmeas.2026.107606

Anna Szreter , Adrian A. Finch , Henrik Friis , Christina Trautmann , Frieder Koch , Ina Schubert

The successful application of fluorides in dosimetry and optics has encouraged study of the optical properties of doped cryolite and cryolite-structure materials. However, natural cryolite (Na₃AlF₆) has never been described in terms of its defect structure, crucial for optical applications. To address this knowledge gap, we irradiate cryolite with ²³⁸U ions and use excitation lifetime photoluminescence to constrain the defect structures formed. Untreated, high-energy ion and UV-irradiated samples are compared in terms of their emission spectra and luminescence lifetimes. Particle irradiation introduces an orange colour to originally black, purple and white cryolite. Untreated cryolite shows blue emissions at ∼2.86 and ∼2.60 eV (435 and 475 nm) and a green emission at 2.27 eV (545 nm). After uranium ion irradiation, the green luminescence intensity is enhanced compared to blue emissions. Subsequent ultraviolet irradiation causes ∼57 % reduction in the dark blue emission intensity and 40–70 % increase in green. All luminescence lifetimes are prolonged by particle irradiation, but stay in the nanosecond range. We infer that a vacancy-related defect is produced by particle and UV irradiation and responsible for the green luminescence. Another defect, presumably electronic, is removed by particle irradiation and UV. The ∼2.27 eV green luminescence centre is interpreted as an F-centre localised on a fluorine vacancy. The blue luminescence centres are interpreted as electron-hole pairs, localised at the AlF₆ octahedron normal lattice sites for ∼2.86 eV and octahedral defect sites for ∼2.60 eV. The experiment provides insight into natural defect formation processes in cryolite from the Ivittuut deposit in Southern Greenland.

氟化物在剂量学和光学中的成功应用鼓励了对掺杂冰晶石和冰晶石结构材料光学性质的研究。然而，天然冰晶石（Na3AlF6）从未被描述过其缺陷结构，这对光学应用至关重要。为了解决这一知识差距，我们用238U离子照射冰晶石，并使用激发寿命光致发光来约束形成的缺陷结构。未经处理，高能离子和紫外线照射的样品在其发射光谱和发光寿命方面进行了比较。粒子照射使原本为黑色、紫色和白色的冰晶石呈现橙色。未经处理的冰晶石在~ 2.86和~ 2.60 eV（435和475 nm）处显示蓝色发射，在2.27 eV （545 nm）处显示绿色发射。经过铀离子辐照后，绿色发光强度比蓝色发光强度增强。随后的紫外线照射导致深蓝色发射强度降低~ 57%，绿色发射强度增加40 - 70%。所有的发光寿命都被粒子照射延长，但保持在纳秒范围内。我们推断，粒子和紫外线照射产生了与空位相关的缺陷，并负责绿色发光。另一个缺陷，可能是电子的，通过粒子照射和紫外线去除。~ 2.27 eV的绿色发光中心被解释为定位在氟空位上的f中心。蓝色发光中心被解释为电子-空穴对，定位于AlF6八面体正规格位（~ 2.86 eV）和八面体缺陷位（~ 2.60 eV）。该实验提供了对格陵兰岛南部Ivittuut矿床冰晶石自然缺陷形成过程的深入了解。

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引用次数: 0

Raman spectroscopy investigation of age-related radiation effects on fingernail molecular structure for individual-based ESR dosimetry 拉曼光谱研究年龄相关辐射对指甲分子结构的影响，用于基于个体的ESR剂量测定

IF 2.2 3区物理与天体物理 Q2 NUCLEAR SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY

Radiation Measurements

Pub Date : 2026-01-08 DOI: 10.1016/j.radmeas.2026.107615

Samayeh Azariasl , Hideaki Fujita , Tomonobu M. Watanabe , Hiroshi Yasuda

Accurate retrospective dosimetry is essential in nuclear and radiological emergency responses. The technique of measuring electron spin resonance (ESR) signals from fingernails offers a non-invasive method for retrospective dosimetry of hand exposure. In this study, we explored the use of Raman spectroscopy to investigate molecular structural differences in fingernails and their correlation with ESR signal characteristics. Fingernail and toenail samples collected from 12 donors aged 10–70 years were irradiated with 20 Gy X-rays (160 kVp, 6.3 mA) and subsequently measured using ESR spectrometry and Raman spectroscopy. The post-irradiation (20 Gy) Raman spectra showed a significant decrease in the ratio of normalized S–S/C–C peak area across all age groups, dropping from 0.46 to 0.28 (10–20 years old), 0.51 to 0.26 (20–50 y/o), and 0.75 to 0.43 (50–70 y/o). These results indicated radiation-induced disruption of disulfide bonds, revealing age-dependent variations in bond stability and protein structure, with younger individuals exhibiting stronger molecular structures and higher intensities of radiation-induced ESR signals. These findings on the radiation effects on the molecular structural changes of fingernails would contribute to the achievement of more accurate, individual-based fingernail dosimetry.

准确的回顾性剂量测定在核和辐射应急反应中至关重要。测量手指甲电子自旋共振（ESR）信号的技术为手部暴露的回顾性剂量测定提供了一种非侵入性的方法。在这项研究中，我们探索了利用拉曼光谱来研究指甲的分子结构差异及其与ESR信号特征的相关性。从12名年龄在10-70岁的供体中采集指甲和脚趾甲样本，用20 Gy x射线（160 kVp, 6.3 mA）照射，随后使用ESR光谱和拉曼光谱进行测量。辐照后（20 Gy）拉曼光谱显示，各年龄组归一化S-S / C-C峰面积比值显著下降，从0.46降至0.28（10-20岁），从0.51降至0.26 (20 - 50 y/o)，从0.75降至0.43 （50-70 y/o）。这些结果表明，辐射诱导的二硫键破坏，揭示了键稳定性和蛋白质结构的年龄依赖性变化，年轻个体表现出更强的分子结构和更高强度的辐射诱导ESR信号。这些关于辐射对指甲分子结构变化的影响的发现将有助于实现更准确的、基于个体的指甲剂量测定。

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引用次数: 0

Scintillation characteristics of Eu-doped barium fluoroiodide translucent ceramics 掺铕氟化钡半透明陶瓷的闪烁特性

IF 2.2 3区物理与天体物理 Q2 NUCLEAR SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY

Radiation Measurements

Pub Date : 2026-01-08 DOI: 10.1016/j.radmeas.2026.107616

Shota Otake, Takumi Kato, Daisuke Nakauchi, Noriaki Kawaguchi, Takayuki Yanagida

Eu:BaFI translucent ceramics were successfully fabricated for the first time, and their optical and scintillation properties were systematically investigated. In the photoluminescence (PL) measurements, an emission band originating from Eu²⁺ was observed at 405 nm, with a lifetime of approximately 0.4–0.5 μs. PL quantum yields for the samples with 0.05, 0.1, 0.5, and 1 % Eu were 8, 20, 62, and 89 %, respectively. In the X-ray-induced scintillation spectra, in addition to the Eu²⁺ luminescence, a broad band around 490 nm was observed, which is attributed to the recombination of self-trapped excitons or anion defects in the host lattice. Afterglow levels of the Eu:BaFI samples following X-ray irradiation were approximately 300–400 ppm, comparable to that of a commercial Tl:CsI scintillator. Under ¹³⁷Cs γ-ray irradiation, scintillation light yields of the 0.05, 0.1, 0.5, and 1 % Eu:BaFI samples were estimated to be 4,400, 14,000, 25,000, and 19,000 photons/MeV, respectively.

首次成功制备了Eu:BaFI半透明陶瓷，并对其光学和闪烁性能进行了系统的研究。在光致发光（PL）测量中，在405 nm处观察到来自Eu2+的发射带，其寿命约为0.4 ~ 0.5 μs。在含有0.05、0.1、0.5和1% Eu的样品中，PL量子产率分别为8%、20%、62%和89%。在x射线诱导的闪烁光谱中，除了Eu2+发光外，还观察到约490 nm的宽频带，这归因于宿主晶格中自捕获激子的重组或阴离子缺陷。Eu:BaFI样品在x射线照射后的余辉水平约为300 - 400ppm，与商用Tl:CsI闪烁体相当。在137Cs γ射线照射下，0.05、0.1、0.5和1% Eu:BaFI样品的闪烁产光量分别为4,400、14,000、25,000和19,000光子/MeV。

引用次数: 0

Optical and scintillation properties of Tb-doped NaGd(WO4)2 single crystals 掺tb的NaGd(WO4)2单晶的光学和闪烁特性

IF 2.2 3区物理与天体物理 Q2 NUCLEAR SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY

Radiation Measurements

Pub Date : 2026-01-02 DOI: 10.1016/j.radmeas.2026.107605

Kodai Makino , Hiromi Kimura , Daiki Shiratori , Kensei Ichiba , Kenichi Watanabe , Takeshi Fujiwara , Takayuki Yanagida , Yutaka Fukuchi , Hidetoshi Kato

Tb-doped NaGd(WO₄)₂ (NGW) single crystals with various concentrations (0.1, 0.5, 1.0, 2.0, 5.0, and 10.0 %) were successfully synthesized by the floating zone method. The synthesized crystals were evaluated in terms of their optical and scintillation properties. Under X-ray excitation, sharp emission peaks around 550 nm were observed, corresponding to the typical 4f–4f transitions of Tb³⁺. The measured scintillation decay times (1.0–1.6 ms) were consistent with those typically observed for the 4f–4f transitions of Tb³⁺. Moreover, the 5.0 % Tb-doped NGW single crystal, having the highest scintillation intensity, exhibited a light yield of 1675 photons/MeV.

采用浮区法成功合成了不同掺杂浓度（0.1、0.5、1.0、2.0、5.0、10.0%）的铌掺杂NaGd(WO4)2 （NGW）单晶。根据其光学和闪烁特性对合成的晶体进行了评价。在x射线激发下，在550 nm附近观察到尖锐的发射峰，对应于Tb3+典型的4f-4f跃迁。测量到的闪烁衰减时间（1.0-1.6 ms）与Tb3+的4f-4f跃迁的典型观测结果一致。此外，掺杂5.0% tb的NGW单晶具有最高的闪烁强度，产光量为1675光子/MeV。

引用次数: 0

New high light yield ceramics scintillators (Gd,Y,Pr, Ce)3Al2Ga3O12 and (Gd,Y,Pr, Tb)3Al2Ga3O12 新型高光产率陶瓷闪烁体（Gd，Y,Pr, Ce）3Al2Ga3O12和（Gd，Y,Pr, Tb）3Al2Ga3O12

IF 2.2 3区物理与天体物理 Q2 NUCLEAR SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY

Radiation Measurements

Pub Date : 2026-01-02 DOI: 10.1016/j.radmeas.2026.107604

M. Korzhik , V. Smyslova , A. Bondarau , V. Dubov , E. Borisevich , K. Ivanovskikh , D. Lelekova , P. Karpyuk , I. Komendo , V. Mechinsky , V. Pustovarov , D. Tavrunov

The scintillation and phosphorescence properties of (Gd,Y,Pr,Ce)₃Al₂Ga₃O₁₂ and (Gd,Y,Pr,Tb)₃Al₂Ga₃O₁₂ transparent ceramics were systematically investigated for the first time. The results demonstrated that long lasting phosphorescence, which is a well-known phenomenon in Pr³⁺-doped aluminium-gallium garnets, can be effectively suppressed at the double doping or high concentration of Pr³⁺ ions in the compound. The scintillation light yield of Ce³⁺, Tb³⁺ and Pr³⁺ co-doped ceramics was found to be over the ceramics doped solely with Ce³⁺ and Tb³⁺ and showing dependence on praseodymium dopant concentration. These findings suggest that Pr³⁺-codoped garnets maintain high scintillation yield making these materials promising for applications in detectors for different imaging techniques utilising pulse counting and current measurement modes.

首次系统地研究了（Gd，Y,Pr,Ce）3Al2Ga3O12和（Gd，Y,Pr,Tb）3Al2Ga3O12透明陶瓷的闪烁和磷光特性。结果表明，Pr3+掺杂铝镓石榴石中常见的长时间磷光现象，在双掺杂或高浓度的Pr3+离子下可以有效抑制。Ce3+、Tb3+和Pr3+共掺杂陶瓷的闪烁光产率高于单独掺杂Ce3+和Tb3+的陶瓷，且与镨掺杂浓度有关。这些发现表明，Pr3+共掺杂石榴石保持较高的闪烁产率，使这些材料有望应用于利用脉冲计数和电流测量模式的不同成像技术的探测器中。

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引用次数: 0

Geant4 modeling the response of boron-doped CR-39 nuclear track detector in fast neutron fields and its experimental evaluation Geant4模拟掺硼CR-39核径迹探测器在快中子场中的响应及其实验评价

IF 2.2 3区物理与天体物理 Q2 NUCLEAR SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY

Radiation Measurements

Pub Date : 2025-12-29 DOI: 10.1016/j.radmeas.2025.107587

S. Mohammadian , A. Moslehi , S. Baradaran , M. Sohani

In this work, the response of a boron-doped CR-39 detector in fast neutron fields is modeled using the Geant4 toolkit. A track is counted when the trajectory of a secondary charged particle capable of forming a track passes through the etched thickness at an angle greater than a critical value relative to the CR-39 surface. For a boron concentration of 4%, the calculated track density shows the best agreement with measurements in the ²⁴¹Am-Be field, with a difference of 7.8%. The model is then used to calculate the track density for several fast neutron energies ranging from 0.1 to 14 MeV. The results reveal that as neutron energy increases, the track density per unit personal dose equivalent decreases. This indicates that the CR-39 sensitivity differs between calibration and measurement fields. Therefore, correcting the CR-39 response is necessary to ensure consistent sensitivity across different neutron energies and to reduce the uncertainty in dose measurements.

在这项工作中，使用Geant4工具包对掺硼CR-39探测器在快中子场中的响应进行了建模。当能够形成轨迹的二次带电粒子的轨迹以大于相对于CR-39表面的临界值的角度穿过蚀刻厚度时，计算轨迹。当硼浓度为4%时，计算的径迹密度与241Am-Be油田的测量结果最吻合，相差7.8%。利用该模型计算了0.1 ~ 14mev快中子的径迹密度。结果表明，随着中子能量的增加，单位个人剂量当量径迹密度减小。这表明CR-39的灵敏度在校准场和测量场之间存在差异。因此，修正CR-39响应是必要的，以确保在不同中子能量下的一致灵敏度，并减少剂量测量的不确定性。

引用次数: 0

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