This paper examines the factors that influence adoption and use of ICTs for business purposes (e-business) among women-owned small and medium enterprises (WOSMEs) in sub-Saharan Africa. SMEs are central to socio-economic development in Africa, but relatively little is known about e-business, particularly among African women entrepreneurs. Therefore, this study surveyed 140 WOSMEs in Nigeria, using questions shaped by the Unified Theory of Acceptance and Use of Technology. Findings show that perceived usefulness seems to play the strongest single role in e-business adoption and use decisions within this demographic. Awareness of e-business technologies and availability of resources serve as enablers; market forces serve as a driver; and lack of infrastructure and resources function as impediments to adoption and use of e-business. These findings suggest that governments, development organisations or private sector actors seeking to increase e-business adoption rates among WOSMEs in Africa should focus on 1) e-business awareness-raising initiatives including use of e-business ambassadors; 2) developing mobile products and services that address specific communication and information needs across the value chain; and 3) increasing access to supporting resources and infrastructure.
{"title":"e-business adoption and use among African women-owned SMEs: an analytical study in Nigeria","authors":"Ritse Erumi-Esin, Richard Heeks","doi":"10.1145/2737856.2738015","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1145/2737856.2738015","url":null,"abstract":"This paper examines the factors that influence adoption and use of ICTs for business purposes (e-business) among women-owned small and medium enterprises (WOSMEs) in sub-Saharan Africa. SMEs are central to socio-economic development in Africa, but relatively little is known about e-business, particularly among African women entrepreneurs. Therefore, this study surveyed 140 WOSMEs in Nigeria, using questions shaped by the Unified Theory of Acceptance and Use of Technology. Findings show that perceived usefulness seems to play the strongest single role in e-business adoption and use decisions within this demographic. Awareness of e-business technologies and availability of resources serve as enablers; market forces serve as a driver; and lack of infrastructure and resources function as impediments to adoption and use of e-business. These findings suggest that governments, development organisations or private sector actors seeking to increase e-business adoption rates among WOSMEs in Africa should focus on 1) e-business awareness-raising initiatives including use of e-business ambassadors; 2) developing mobile products and services that address specific communication and information needs across the value chain; and 3) increasing access to supporting resources and infrastructure.","PeriodicalId":210700,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the Seventh International Conference on Information and Communication Technologies and Development","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-05-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121210372","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
While Information and Communication Technology (ICT) access in Liberia is still low, use of PCs, mobile phones and the Internet is rising. A relatively recent option for learning ICT skills is Liberia's iLab technology hub founded in 2011 to encourage and support a local technology community. We have partnered with the iLab since its founding to offer summer courses taught by a student instructor. In this paper, we describe how the iLab's community-based learning approach has advanced from the coalescing stage, identified in earlier research, towards the maturing stage, despite obstacles. We use Lave and Wenger's Community of Practice (CoP) framework as the analytic structure to present results from our data consisting primarily of interviews with course participants. We contribute to research on technology hubs in Africa and highlight the role of community-based learning for technical skill acquisition even in resource challenged settings.
{"title":"Beyond bootstrapping: the liberian ilab as a maturing community of practice","authors":"E. Zegura, Michael A. Madaio, Rebecca E. Grinter","doi":"10.1145/2737856.2737874","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1145/2737856.2737874","url":null,"abstract":"While Information and Communication Technology (ICT) access in Liberia is still low, use of PCs, mobile phones and the Internet is rising. A relatively recent option for learning ICT skills is Liberia's iLab technology hub founded in 2011 to encourage and support a local technology community. We have partnered with the iLab since its founding to offer summer courses taught by a student instructor. In this paper, we describe how the iLab's community-based learning approach has advanced from the coalescing stage, identified in earlier research, towards the maturing stage, despite obstacles. We use Lave and Wenger's Community of Practice (CoP) framework as the analytic structure to present results from our data consisting primarily of interviews with course participants. We contribute to research on technology hubs in Africa and highlight the role of community-based learning for technical skill acquisition even in resource challenged settings.","PeriodicalId":210700,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the Seventh International Conference on Information and Communication Technologies and Development","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-05-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125467469","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The issue of evaluating the Information and Communications Technologies (ICTs) intangible impacts remains to be unresolved, especially when it comes to evaluating the impacts of ICTs on non-user beneficiaries. The telecentres have been established to disseminate knowledge from basic to advanced level, stimulating the socio-economic status of the underprivileged communities. After a thorough review of the literature, it is found that researchers paid much more attention towards evaluating traditional measurable impacts of telecentre (from both users and non-users perspectives) such as income, health, education. Albeit very few studies have identified non-measureable intangible impacts on users such as psychological wellbeing and empowerment, non-measureable intangible impact particularly from the non-users perspectives have largely been neglected. Telecentre has been existing for almost more than two decades, now the question is, are the non-measurable impacts important? Hence, we believe an alternative qualitative research methodology (The Most Significant Change) will help to evaluate the intangible impacts of ICTs perceived by its non-users such as (self-esteem, self-confidence, feelings of happiness and pride). These stories-based approach can produce diverse, unexpected and emergent impacts from the community's social perspectives, which might not be catered for by using other orthodox research approaches based on success related pre-stated indicators.
{"title":"Measurement of tangible and intangible impacts of telecentres on rural communities","authors":"Ghazala Tabassum, A. Yeo","doi":"10.1145/2737856.2737882","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1145/2737856.2737882","url":null,"abstract":"The issue of evaluating the Information and Communications Technologies (ICTs) intangible impacts remains to be unresolved, especially when it comes to evaluating the impacts of ICTs on non-user beneficiaries. The telecentres have been established to disseminate knowledge from basic to advanced level, stimulating the socio-economic status of the underprivileged communities. After a thorough review of the literature, it is found that researchers paid much more attention towards evaluating traditional measurable impacts of telecentre (from both users and non-users perspectives) such as income, health, education. Albeit very few studies have identified non-measureable intangible impacts on users such as psychological wellbeing and empowerment, non-measureable intangible impact particularly from the non-users perspectives have largely been neglected. Telecentre has been existing for almost more than two decades, now the question is, are the non-measurable impacts important? Hence, we believe an alternative qualitative research methodology (The Most Significant Change) will help to evaluate the intangible impacts of ICTs perceived by its non-users such as (self-esteem, self-confidence, feelings of happiness and pride). These stories-based approach can produce diverse, unexpected and emergent impacts from the community's social perspectives, which might not be catered for by using other orthodox research approaches based on success related pre-stated indicators.","PeriodicalId":210700,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the Seventh International Conference on Information and Communication Technologies and Development","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-05-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131558824","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Talal Ahmad, Shankar Kalyanaraman, F. Amjad, L. Subramanian
Cellular networks in developing regions continue to rely heavily on diesel for energy to provide network coverage due to the paucity of reliable grid power which directly impacts the network's economic viability and long-term sustainability. At the other extreme, solar powered cellular installations have gained prominence but have faced their own adoption challenges including inability to provide adequate and reliable 24×7 power supply, need for large land footprints and lack of efficient power storage. In this paper, we perform a detailed economic cost analysis comparing diesel powered cellular networks with solar powered cellular networks. The key goal of this paper is to establish the cross-over boundary beyond which solar powered installations are better than diesel powered alternatives. We perform a detailed analysis based on actual diesel consumption data from a large telecom operator in a developing region. Using our model, we can also easily perform an extended analysis based on future projections on solar efficiencies and future cellular network designs.
{"title":"Solar vs diesel: where to draw the line for cell towers?","authors":"Talal Ahmad, Shankar Kalyanaraman, F. Amjad, L. Subramanian","doi":"10.1145/2737856.2738028","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1145/2737856.2738028","url":null,"abstract":"Cellular networks in developing regions continue to rely heavily on diesel for energy to provide network coverage due to the paucity of reliable grid power which directly impacts the network's economic viability and long-term sustainability. At the other extreme, solar powered cellular installations have gained prominence but have faced their own adoption challenges including inability to provide adequate and reliable 24×7 power supply, need for large land footprints and lack of efficient power storage. In this paper, we perform a detailed economic cost analysis comparing diesel powered cellular networks with solar powered cellular networks. The key goal of this paper is to establish the cross-over boundary beyond which solar powered installations are better than diesel powered alternatives. We perform a detailed analysis based on actual diesel consumption data from a large telecom operator in a developing region. Using our model, we can also easily perform an extended analysis based on future projections on solar efficiencies and future cellular network designs.","PeriodicalId":210700,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the Seventh International Conference on Information and Communication Technologies and Development","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-05-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131146922","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Syed Ishtiaque Ahmed, S. Jackson, Md. Rashidujjaman Rifat
Practices of technology repair in developing country contexts play crucial and often overlooked roles in supporting ICTD goals of access and sustainability. They also constitute complex and neglected sites of technical skill, knowledge, and learning. Building on original ethnographic fieldwork, this paper explores the explicit, tacit, and social knowledges that shape practice and expertise in the mobile phone repair markets of urban Bangladesh. We document forms of learning and collaboration central to the production and innovation of repair skills and knowledge, and show how these processes operate at the intersection of global knowledge flows and local efforts to access, contextualize and situate that knowledge. We conclude by arguing for repair as an underappreciated site of third-world technical practice and expertise, and reflecting on how ICTD research might better take such practices into account.
{"title":"Learning to fix: knowledge, collaboration and mobile phone repair in Dhaka, Bangladesh","authors":"Syed Ishtiaque Ahmed, S. Jackson, Md. Rashidujjaman Rifat","doi":"10.1145/2737856.2738018","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1145/2737856.2738018","url":null,"abstract":"Practices of technology repair in developing country contexts play crucial and often overlooked roles in supporting ICTD goals of access and sustainability. They also constitute complex and neglected sites of technical skill, knowledge, and learning. Building on original ethnographic fieldwork, this paper explores the explicit, tacit, and social knowledges that shape practice and expertise in the mobile phone repair markets of urban Bangladesh. We document forms of learning and collaboration central to the production and innovation of repair skills and knowledge, and show how these processes operate at the intersection of global knowledge flows and local efforts to access, contextualize and situate that knowledge. We conclude by arguing for repair as an underappreciated site of third-world technical practice and expertise, and reflecting on how ICTD research might better take such practices into account.","PeriodicalId":210700,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the Seventh International Conference on Information and Communication Technologies and Development","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-05-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134356673","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
P. Haddawy, L. Frommberger, Tomi Kauppinen, G. D. Felice, Prae Charkratpahu, Sirawaratt Saengpao, Phanumas Kanchanakitsakul
Crowdsensing can provide real time and detailed information about rapidly evolving crisis situations to facilitate rapid response and effective resource allocation. But while challenges such as heterogeneity of data content and quality, asynchronicity, and volume call for robust data integration and interpretation capabilities, situation awareness in crowdsensing for crisis management remains a largely unexplored area of research. In this paper we extend the mobile4D smartphone-based disaster reporting and alerting system with a situation awareness data interpretation and integration layer and demonstrate its application to the problem of tracking cholera outbreaks. The communication workflow in mobile4D-SA supports interaction between crowdsensed information, system predictions, and multifaceted communication between authorities and affected people on the ground.
{"title":"Situation awareness in crowdsensing for disease surveillance in crisis situations","authors":"P. Haddawy, L. Frommberger, Tomi Kauppinen, G. D. Felice, Prae Charkratpahu, Sirawaratt Saengpao, Phanumas Kanchanakitsakul","doi":"10.1145/2737856.2737879","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1145/2737856.2737879","url":null,"abstract":"Crowdsensing can provide real time and detailed information about rapidly evolving crisis situations to facilitate rapid response and effective resource allocation. But while challenges such as heterogeneity of data content and quality, asynchronicity, and volume call for robust data integration and interpretation capabilities, situation awareness in crowdsensing for crisis management remains a largely unexplored area of research. In this paper we extend the mobile4D smartphone-based disaster reporting and alerting system with a situation awareness data interpretation and integration layer and demonstrate its application to the problem of tracking cholera outbreaks. The communication workflow in mobile4D-SA supports interaction between crowdsensed information, system predictions, and multifaceted communication between authorities and affected people on the ground.","PeriodicalId":210700,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the Seventh International Conference on Information and Communication Technologies and Development","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-05-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123792475","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
What are rural farmers in sub-Saharan Africa's current attitudes towards their mobile phones? We draw from qualitative studies of smallholder farmers in Kenya and Zambia to answer this question. A review of ongoing efforts to develop mobile phone services for farmers paired with critiques of the "colonial impulse" embedded in future-oriented visions of technology use guided our study. Our findings suggest there is a mismatch between the design of mobile phone applications and our participants' perceptions and usage of their devices. We also discovered several understudied barriers that hinder adoption of mobile services: the influx of counterfeit and substandard mobile phones, distrust of the content being delivered via SMS and reservations about the spiritual and health consequences accompanying phone use. We use these findings to encourage Information and Communication Technology and Development (ICTD) researchers and practitioners to re-examine the mobile phone. Specifically, we suggest developing interventions that teach farmers how to better use phones and present recommendations for improving their design.
{"title":"Real mobiles: Kenyan and Zambian smallholder farmers' current attitudes towards mobile phones","authors":"Susan Wyche, Melissa Densmore, B. Geyer","doi":"10.1145/2737856.2738013","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1145/2737856.2738013","url":null,"abstract":"What are rural farmers in sub-Saharan Africa's current attitudes towards their mobile phones? We draw from qualitative studies of smallholder farmers in Kenya and Zambia to answer this question. A review of ongoing efforts to develop mobile phone services for farmers paired with critiques of the \"colonial impulse\" embedded in future-oriented visions of technology use guided our study. Our findings suggest there is a mismatch between the design of mobile phone applications and our participants' perceptions and usage of their devices. We also discovered several understudied barriers that hinder adoption of mobile services: the influx of counterfeit and substandard mobile phones, distrust of the content being delivered via SMS and reservations about the spiritual and health consequences accompanying phone use. We use these findings to encourage Information and Communication Technology and Development (ICTD) researchers and practitioners to re-examine the mobile phone. Specifically, we suggest developing interventions that teach farmers how to better use phones and present recommendations for improving their design.","PeriodicalId":210700,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the Seventh International Conference on Information and Communication Technologies and Development","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-05-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129226662","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This paper describes considerations for the participatory design and development of an online collaborative learning and support tool intended to increase STEM proficiency among elementary and high school teachers in Native American Pueblo schools in New Mexico. This project builds upon prior work that trained K-12 teachers to use investigative teaching, which in turn had significant positive impact on the math and science proficiency of Native American and Hispanic students. The current project seeks to use Connective Massive Open Course (cMOOC) technology to build online peer learning communities for the purpose of professional development amongst rural teachers with the expectation of building shared epistemologies that would guide integration of Native American learning processes in pedagogy and practice. The overall objective is to enable Pueblo teachers to more effectively teach STEM subject matter, as measured by an increase in both teacher and student content knowledge base. If successful, the use of these technologies should facilitate rapid expansion of the program across Native American Pueblos and reservations in United States, Canada, Mexico, and elsewhere.
{"title":"A connective MOOC for K-12 science and mathematics teacher professional development in native American Pueblo schools","authors":"Josephine Kilde, Lorenzo Gonzales","doi":"10.1145/2737856.2737871","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1145/2737856.2737871","url":null,"abstract":"This paper describes considerations for the participatory design and development of an online collaborative learning and support tool intended to increase STEM proficiency among elementary and high school teachers in Native American Pueblo schools in New Mexico. This project builds upon prior work that trained K-12 teachers to use investigative teaching, which in turn had significant positive impact on the math and science proficiency of Native American and Hispanic students. The current project seeks to use Connective Massive Open Course (cMOOC) technology to build online peer learning communities for the purpose of professional development amongst rural teachers with the expectation of building shared epistemologies that would guide integration of Native American learning processes in pedagogy and practice. The overall objective is to enable Pueblo teachers to more effectively teach STEM subject matter, as measured by an increase in both teacher and student content knowledge base. If successful, the use of these technologies should facilitate rapid expansion of the program across Native American Pueblos and reservations in United States, Canada, Mexico, and elsewhere.","PeriodicalId":210700,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the Seventh International Conference on Information and Communication Technologies and Development","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-05-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125332163","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This note discusses the use of cyborg theory to study assistive technology (AT) use by people with visual impairment (VI) in development contexts. We argue that the deep intimate interconnections that people form with their AT, while allowing them to become cyborgs, also become the means by which they can be regulated and controlled. This is a concern for ICTD, which strives to consider the instrumental outcomes of technology implementation as it is interwoven throughout people's lives. Applying Lessig's model of regulation to a cyborg body, we discuss the implications for protecting autonomy in AT use by people with visual impairment.
{"title":"Assistive technologies and autonomy in a cyborg world","authors":"Priyank Chandra, Jasmine Jones","doi":"10.1145/2737856.2737905","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1145/2737856.2737905","url":null,"abstract":"This note discusses the use of cyborg theory to study assistive technology (AT) use by people with visual impairment (VI) in development contexts. We argue that the deep intimate interconnections that people form with their AT, while allowing them to become cyborgs, also become the means by which they can be regulated and controlled. This is a concern for ICTD, which strives to consider the instrumental outcomes of technology implementation as it is interwoven throughout people's lives. Applying Lessig's model of regulation to a cyborg body, we discuss the implications for protecting autonomy in AT use by people with visual impairment.","PeriodicalId":210700,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the Seventh International Conference on Information and Communication Technologies and Development","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-05-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123263909","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
While text-messaging is an efficacious method of disseminating health information in developing contexts, we know less about how users adapt their behavior based on that information. Does it matter how the information is conveyed? This paper presents findings from a randomized field experiment that evaluates the impact of a Short Message Service (SMS) sexual health counseling service on individuals' knowledge and behavior in an urban informal settlement of Nairobi, Kenya. Subjects were randomly assigned to one of three treatment conditions which tested different mechanisms through which technology-enabled information provision could work to alter sexual behavior: (1) information gap reduction, (2) personalization and (3) social cues. The evidence suggests that personalizing the information and providing signals about how other people in the community are behaving can dramatically minimize sexual health risk, compared to simply reducing the information gap. Additionally, individuals receiving generic, non-personalized health information were more likely to engage in risky behavior compared to their counterparts.
{"title":"Texting and sexual health: experimental evidence from an information intervention in Kenya","authors":"Risa Kitagawa","doi":"10.1145/2737856.2738032","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1145/2737856.2738032","url":null,"abstract":"While text-messaging is an efficacious method of disseminating health information in developing contexts, we know less about how users adapt their behavior based on that information. Does it matter how the information is conveyed? This paper presents findings from a randomized field experiment that evaluates the impact of a Short Message Service (SMS) sexual health counseling service on individuals' knowledge and behavior in an urban informal settlement of Nairobi, Kenya. Subjects were randomly assigned to one of three treatment conditions which tested different mechanisms through which technology-enabled information provision could work to alter sexual behavior: (1) information gap reduction, (2) personalization and (3) social cues. The evidence suggests that personalizing the information and providing signals about how other people in the community are behaving can dramatically minimize sexual health risk, compared to simply reducing the information gap. Additionally, individuals receiving generic, non-personalized health information were more likely to engage in risky behavior compared to their counterparts.","PeriodicalId":210700,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the Seventh International Conference on Information and Communication Technologies and Development","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-05-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123086620","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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