We share results from a multi-day design workshop with 24 immigrant and refugee teenagers from Myanmar (Burma). The workshop focused on information technology and services that intersect with the crucial role of the youth as information navigators for their families, friends and communities. ICT design serves as a lens through which one can learn about the experiences of youth in global migration, especially when incorporating multiple cultural probes as part of the extended design process, in the form of games, drawings, stories, and skits. Findings show Burmese culture and refugee/immigration experiences are manifested in the teens' ICT wayfaring practices in the U.S., and that the youth creatively play invaluable, albeit sometimes hidden, roles in systemically supporting everyday information and technology needs across communities.
{"title":"Using ICT design to learn about immigrant teens from Myanmar","authors":"A. Bishop, K. Fisher","doi":"10.1145/2737856.2737903","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1145/2737856.2737903","url":null,"abstract":"We share results from a multi-day design workshop with 24 immigrant and refugee teenagers from Myanmar (Burma). The workshop focused on information technology and services that intersect with the crucial role of the youth as information navigators for their families, friends and communities. ICT design serves as a lens through which one can learn about the experiences of youth in global migration, especially when incorporating multiple cultural probes as part of the extended design process, in the form of games, drawings, stories, and skits. Findings show Burmese culture and refugee/immigration experiences are manifested in the teens' ICT wayfaring practices in the U.S., and that the youth creatively play invaluable, albeit sometimes hidden, roles in systemically supporting everyday information and technology needs across communities.","PeriodicalId":210700,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the Seventh International Conference on Information and Communication Technologies and Development","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-05-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"117280018","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The absence of accurate land management arguably results in land conflicts as well as uncontrolled land use and conversion. The adoption of a land information system (LIS) might remedy such problems. Our study in rural Eastern Indonesia found that land management is a complex system involving various stakeholders, including the side of the local people and the side of the government. To some extent, an LIS is already in place but the actualised affordances it offers are limited because the system is hindered by numerous conflicts over uncertified land.
{"title":"Does a land information system resolve land conflicts?: a tale from rural Eastern Indonesia","authors":"F. Wahid, Øystein Sæbø, Bjørn Furuholt","doi":"10.1145/2737856.2737906","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1145/2737856.2737906","url":null,"abstract":"The absence of accurate land management arguably results in land conflicts as well as uncontrolled land use and conversion. The adoption of a land information system (LIS) might remedy such problems. Our study in rural Eastern Indonesia found that land management is a complex system involving various stakeholders, including the side of the local people and the side of the government. To some extent, an LIS is already in place but the actualised affordances it offers are limited because the system is hindered by numerous conflicts over uncertified land.","PeriodicalId":210700,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the Seventh International Conference on Information and Communication Technologies and Development","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-05-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"117351967","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Tariq Zaman, H. Winschiers-Theophilus, A. Yeo, Lai Chiu Ting, Garen Jengan
The extinction of indigenous languages, which convey cultural worldviews, remains a continued threat to cultural heritage preservation. The nomadic Penans in the rainforests of Malaysian Borneo, have developed Oroo', their own forest sign language, to communicate with each other. Yet with recent developments the younger generations are drawn more to technology than engaging with their surrounding forest, only vaguely remembers few signs. In this paper, we present one of our initiatives to reintroduce Oroo' to the younger Penan generation by digital means. Under the auspices of a long term collaboration with the Long Lamai community we have developed and evaluated a first digital Oroo' adventure game for the children. Results show a general interest in digital games with indigenous Penan contents albeit with a slight learning curve only. The project efforts rely on local community's active participation and using indigenous wisdom as an essential component to digitalize and preserve the language further.
{"title":"Reviving an indigenous rainforest sign language: digital Oroo' adventure game","authors":"Tariq Zaman, H. Winschiers-Theophilus, A. Yeo, Lai Chiu Ting, Garen Jengan","doi":"10.1145/2737856.2737885","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1145/2737856.2737885","url":null,"abstract":"The extinction of indigenous languages, which convey cultural worldviews, remains a continued threat to cultural heritage preservation. The nomadic Penans in the rainforests of Malaysian Borneo, have developed Oroo', their own forest sign language, to communicate with each other. Yet with recent developments the younger generations are drawn more to technology than engaging with their surrounding forest, only vaguely remembers few signs. In this paper, we present one of our initiatives to reintroduce Oroo' to the younger Penan generation by digital means. Under the auspices of a long term collaboration with the Long Lamai community we have developed and evaluated a first digital Oroo' adventure game for the children. Results show a general interest in digital games with indigenous Penan contents albeit with a slight learning curve only. The project efforts rely on local community's active participation and using indigenous wisdom as an essential component to digitalize and preserve the language further.","PeriodicalId":210700,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the Seventh International Conference on Information and Communication Technologies and Development","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-05-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123764220","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Kurtis Heimerl, Anuvind Menon, Shaddi Hasan, Kashif Ali, E. Brewer, Tapan S. Parikh
The smartphone has been touted as the technology of the 21st century. Global smartphone adoption rates are growing rapidly, up to over 24% in 2014, with usage increasing 25% in the last year. However, rural areas are often the last places to benefit from these technological trends. Utilizing cellular network registration logs, we explore the adoption and usage of smartphones in an extremely remote community in Indonesia. We found that 16% of the phones in the area were smartphones (compared to between 14--24% in Indonesia). This shows that smartphone adoption in rural Indonesia is similar to the rest of the country. We also explored usage in the network, and found that smartphone users were more likely to text, especially to other smartphone users.
{"title":"Analysis of smartphone adoption and usage in a rural community cellular network","authors":"Kurtis Heimerl, Anuvind Menon, Shaddi Hasan, Kashif Ali, E. Brewer, Tapan S. Parikh","doi":"10.1145/2737856.2737880","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1145/2737856.2737880","url":null,"abstract":"The smartphone has been touted as the technology of the 21st century. Global smartphone adoption rates are growing rapidly, up to over 24% in 2014, with usage increasing 25% in the last year. However, rural areas are often the last places to benefit from these technological trends. Utilizing cellular network registration logs, we explore the adoption and usage of smartphones in an extremely remote community in Indonesia. We found that 16% of the phones in the area were smartphones (compared to between 14--24% in Indonesia). This shows that smartphone adoption in rural Indonesia is similar to the rest of the country. We also explored usage in the network, and found that smartphone users were more likely to text, especially to other smartphone users.","PeriodicalId":210700,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the Seventh International Conference on Information and Communication Technologies and Development","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-05-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116235004","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Designers of IVR systems often shy away from using speech prompts; preferring, where they can, to use keypad input. Part of the reason is that speech processing is expensive and often error prone. This work attempts to address this problem by offering guidelines for prompt design based on field experiments. It is shown, specifically, that accuracy can be influenced by prompt examples, depending on the nature of the information requested.
{"title":"Speech-interface prompt design: lessons from the field","authors":"Jerome White, Mayuri Duggirala","doi":"10.1145/2737856.2737861","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1145/2737856.2737861","url":null,"abstract":"Designers of IVR systems often shy away from using speech prompts; preferring, where they can, to use keypad input. Part of the reason is that speech processing is expensive and often error prone. This work attempts to address this problem by offering guidelines for prompt design based on field experiments. It is shown, specifically, that accuracy can be influenced by prompt examples, depending on the nature of the information requested.","PeriodicalId":210700,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the Seventh International Conference on Information and Communication Technologies and Development","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-05-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123850594","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Culturally relevant technology (CRT) and computing is an emergent field of Computer Science -- Human Centered Computing concerned with contributions to understanding and developing better interactions among people and the technology they use. The global diffusion of technology means that more people who may have not previously had exposure or availability of technology are now able to access or own technologies that can connect them to the digital world. This has created an environment that makes the developing world a ripe market for technological business enterprise. More specifically, Africa has been the focus of much research in the field of computing and development, there has been little focus on para-poor mobile technology development in the field of user-experience and usability -- specifically considering studies that include developing populations at the beginning of the user experience development process. This note serves to introduce research that incorporates guessability methodologies in mobile interface gesture usage as a platform for ethnographic studies in Kenya mobile technology usage in hopes of developing understanding and mobile gesture interfaces that can benefit both emergent and current user populations.
{"title":"Guessability as an ethnographic study of mobile technology usage in Kenya","authors":"Jaye Nias","doi":"10.1145/2737856.2737898","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1145/2737856.2737898","url":null,"abstract":"Culturally relevant technology (CRT) and computing is an emergent field of Computer Science -- Human Centered Computing concerned with contributions to understanding and developing better interactions among people and the technology they use. The global diffusion of technology means that more people who may have not previously had exposure or availability of technology are now able to access or own technologies that can connect them to the digital world. This has created an environment that makes the developing world a ripe market for technological business enterprise. More specifically, Africa has been the focus of much research in the field of computing and development, there has been little focus on para-poor mobile technology development in the field of user-experience and usability -- specifically considering studies that include developing populations at the beginning of the user experience development process. This note serves to introduce research that incorporates guessability methodologies in mobile interface gesture usage as a platform for ethnographic studies in Kenya mobile technology usage in hopes of developing understanding and mobile gesture interfaces that can benefit both emergent and current user populations.","PeriodicalId":210700,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the Seventh International Conference on Information and Communication Technologies and Development","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-05-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128155027","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Poor academic performance in final exams at primary school level in Kenya is a strong indicator that the student will not attain the desired career in future. It is therefore important to be able to predict the students who are likely to achieve below average marks and need high intervention early enough for them to improve their marks. This paper reports on a study to classify primary school students into two categories, those that need high intervention and the rest. The prediction can be initiated as early as two years before the final exam. An important highlight of this study is its focus on rural schools in a developing country. A total of 2426 records of students are used to build intervention prediction models. In the first set of experiments all the features are used. An optimal subset of features is then determined and a second set of experiments carried out. Results demonstrate that it is possible to attain reasonably accurate intervention prediction models even with the reduced dataset. The insights obtained will be used to build a mobile prediction tool that can be utilized by education stakeholders in rural regions where there is lack of electricity.
{"title":"Data-driven intervention-level prediction modeling for academic performance","authors":"Mvurya Mgala, A. Mbogho","doi":"10.1145/2737856.2738012","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1145/2737856.2738012","url":null,"abstract":"Poor academic performance in final exams at primary school level in Kenya is a strong indicator that the student will not attain the desired career in future. It is therefore important to be able to predict the students who are likely to achieve below average marks and need high intervention early enough for them to improve their marks. This paper reports on a study to classify primary school students into two categories, those that need high intervention and the rest. The prediction can be initiated as early as two years before the final exam. An important highlight of this study is its focus on rural schools in a developing country. A total of 2426 records of students are used to build intervention prediction models. In the first set of experiments all the features are used. An optimal subset of features is then determined and a second set of experiments carried out. Results demonstrate that it is possible to attain reasonably accurate intervention prediction models even with the reduced dataset. The insights obtained will be used to build a mobile prediction tool that can be utilized by education stakeholders in rural regions where there is lack of electricity.","PeriodicalId":210700,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the Seventh International Conference on Information and Communication Technologies and Development","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-05-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133093202","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Ryan Champagne, Julio Guerra, Chun-Hua Tsai, J. Monahan, Rosta Farzan
This note reports on the use of ICTs by a small nonprofit organization that serves LGBT youth. Our work centers on a reflective evaluation of the use of online communities for LGBT community through qualitative interviews with the organization. Perceived issues around ICT use in the organization were shaped by the blurred lines between professional and personal interactions online, the small size of the community and ubiquity of social media use, and ambivalence of members toward online communication. The project models one way for researchers in ICT4D to work within communities to develop an understanding of self-identified issues in vulnerable populations.
{"title":"Fuzziness in LGBT non-profit ICT use","authors":"Ryan Champagne, Julio Guerra, Chun-Hua Tsai, J. Monahan, Rosta Farzan","doi":"10.1145/2737856.2737893","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1145/2737856.2737893","url":null,"abstract":"This note reports on the use of ICTs by a small nonprofit organization that serves LGBT youth. Our work centers on a reflective evaluation of the use of online communities for LGBT community through qualitative interviews with the organization. Perceived issues around ICT use in the organization were shaped by the blurred lines between professional and personal interactions online, the small size of the community and ubiquity of social media use, and ambivalence of members toward online communication. The project models one way for researchers in ICT4D to work within communities to develop an understanding of self-identified issues in vulnerable populations.","PeriodicalId":210700,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the Seventh International Conference on Information and Communication Technologies and Development","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-05-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123725774","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
In this paper, we propose an empirical study assessing how a country's openness affects its contribution to the global network of open sharing. It focuses on four dimensions of openness: openness to content, openness to people, openness to process, and the publicness of the openness [7, 11, 14]. This study will contribute to the evaluation of the open development model by illustrating under what conditions, openness can lead to better development outcomes.
{"title":"Evaluating open development: a cross-national study","authors":"Rong Wang, F. Bar","doi":"10.1145/2737856.2737869","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1145/2737856.2737869","url":null,"abstract":"In this paper, we propose an empirical study assessing how a country's openness affects its contribution to the global network of open sharing. It focuses on four dimensions of openness: openness to content, openness to people, openness to process, and the publicness of the openness [7, 11, 14]. This study will contribute to the evaluation of the open development model by illustrating under what conditions, openness can lead to better development outcomes.","PeriodicalId":210700,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the Seventh International Conference on Information and Communication Technologies and Development","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-05-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124107313","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Technology developers continue to develop new information and communication technologies (ICTs) aimed at addressing longstanding problems in international development. However, the sheer number of unsuccessful projects shows the importance of better understanding the ways in which a given population uses technology, before attempting to build novel applications for that population. We argue that this means adopting a methodological approach that recognizes that ideas develop slowly over time. As a first step in realizing this process, we present results from an exploratory qualitative study of mobile phone and social media use among residents of an informal settlement, or "slum", in Nairobi, Kenya. Our fieldwork reveals how contextual factors unique to slum environments affect mobile phone ownership and Internet access. We use these findings to propose an alternative approach to design, which accounts for the realities of living in a slum, and engages with residents. We also address the need for greater reflexivity in ICTD research.
{"title":"Exploring mobile phone and social media use in a Nairobi slum: a case for alternative approaches to design in ICTD","authors":"Susan Wyche","doi":"10.1145/2737856.2738019","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1145/2737856.2738019","url":null,"abstract":"Technology developers continue to develop new information and communication technologies (ICTs) aimed at addressing longstanding problems in international development. However, the sheer number of unsuccessful projects shows the importance of better understanding the ways in which a given population uses technology, before attempting to build novel applications for that population. We argue that this means adopting a methodological approach that recognizes that ideas develop slowly over time. As a first step in realizing this process, we present results from an exploratory qualitative study of mobile phone and social media use among residents of an informal settlement, or \"slum\", in Nairobi, Kenya. Our fieldwork reveals how contextual factors unique to slum environments affect mobile phone ownership and Internet access. We use these findings to propose an alternative approach to design, which accounts for the realities of living in a slum, and engages with residents. We also address the need for greater reflexivity in ICTD research.","PeriodicalId":210700,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the Seventh International Conference on Information and Communication Technologies and Development","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-05-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132485670","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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